供应链与运输之间的关系(双语)

供应链管理面临的挑战中，最主要的是有四个R，即Right Product——正确的产品、Right Place——正确的地点、Right Time——正确的时间、Right Price——正确的价格

一、运输在供应链中的作用

A transport role in the supply chain

1运输在全球供应链的不同阶段充当重要的纽带。

例如：戴尔的供应商遍布全球全世界，并从德克萨斯、爱尔兰、巴西、中国和马来西亚向全世界各地的消费者提供产品。正是全球化的运输使沃尔玛公司可以把在美国生产的产品销往世界各地。

1serves as an important transportation link at different

stages of the global supply chain.

For example: Dell's worldwide suppliers around the world and provides products from Texas, Ireland, Brazil, China and Malaysia to consumers around the world. It enables the transport of globalization Wal-Mart in the United States we can put products sold around the world.

2运输决策影响着供应链利润

（1）运输费用是供应链成本的重要组成部分。1966年美国的货物运输费用达4550亿美元，约占其国内生产总值的6%.

（2）供应链的成功与运输方式的合理选择有莫大关联。

在配送中心，沃尔玛公司采用一种高效的快速反应运输系统（“对接仓储配送体系”）来降低成本。

即：在产品配送过程中，调剂不同卡车上的货品，使抵达一家零售店的卡车上载有来自不同供应商的产品。沃尔玛公司还利用这一运输系统，使不同商店在商品缺货时或过剩时，互相调剂余缺。快速反应的运输系统和对接配送体系，使公司降低了成本，增加了利润。因此，合理运输方式的选择，是沃尔玛既提高了供给与需求的匹配性、又保持低成本的关键。

2 transport decisions affect the supply chain profits

(1) transport costs are an important part of the supply chain costs. 1966 US cargo transport costs amounted to $ 455 billion,

about 6% of its gross domestic product.

(2) supply chain success and a reasonable choice of mode of transport has great relevance.

In distribution centers, Wal-Mart uses a fast and efficient response transport system ( "docking warehouse distribution system") （对接仓储配送体系）to reduce costs.

Namely: changes in product distribution process, swap different goods on the truck so that the truck arrived at a retail store carrying products from different vendors. Wal-Mart also take advantage of this transport system so that different stores when commodity shortage or surplus, the mutual swap places remaining.

Rapid response transport system and docking distribution system, the company reduce costs and increase profits. Therefore, choose a reasonable mode of transport, Wal-Mart is not only to improve the matching of supply and demand, while maintaining critical cost.

3运输决策影响着供应链中的设施决策

供应链使用快速反应的运输系统，把较少的固定设施集中布局和运营。例如：亚马逊公司使用包裹快递及邮政系统，由中心仓库

向顾客递送货物。戴尔公司在美国的很多州都有生产基地，它采用了物流公司提供快速反应的运输方式，在合理价位上提高高度个性化的产品。

3 transport decisions affect the supply chain decision-making facility

Supply chain using rapid response transport system, the less centralized distribution of fixed facilities and operations. For example: Amazon parcel and postal delivery system, from the central warehouse to deliver goods to customers. Dell in many US states have production bases, logistics companies it uses to provide rapid response mode of transport, improve highly personalized products at a reasonable price.

二、在供应链中运输是一个由多方共同参与的过程，它具有很强的不确定性。

the transportation in the supply chain is a process of participation by the multi-party, it has a strong uncertainty.

运输过程中出现的问题不仅会影响运输活动自身的正常进行，而且降低供应链绩效，甚至可能使供应链停止运作。如何避免运输不确定性