人教版英语七年级上册 Unit 2 基础语法学习 (无答案)

Unit 2 基础语法学习
语法一：含有be动词的句型变化
1. 含有be动词的肯定句如何变否定句，一般疑问句及回答。

口诀：变否定，很容易，be后not加上去。

变疑问，往前提，句首大写要牢记，句末问号别忘记。

肯定句：Wang Lingling is a student. 王玲玲是一个学生。

把be动词提到句首，be动词要变大写。

注意第一人称I 变you, we变you，my 变your, our变your。

回答时用yes或no表示，结构：Yes, 主语+be动词，No, 主语+be动词+not。

如：It is a book. 变为：Is it a book? 回答：Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
例句：陈述句：I am a boy. 变为一般疑问句：Are you a boy?
2.句中含有be动词的肯定陈述句变否定句。

（先找肯定陈述句中的be动词，在be动词后加not.）
如：It is a book. 变为: It is not a book.
●【典型例题】按要求完成下列句子
1.That’ s my pencil case.(变否定句) _______ _______ my pencil case.
2.Are you a teacher? (做肯定回答) _______ , ______ _______.
3.These are my friends. (变否定句) _______ _______ my friends.
4.My books are in the bag. (变一般疑问句) ______ ______books in the bag ?
5.The sweater is on the bed. (变一般疑问句) ______ ______ ________ on the bed ?
6.Some apples are on the bed. (变为一般疑问句) ________ ________ ________on the bed ?
7.He’s in Class One. (变为否定句) He _________ in Class One.
8.They are Lucy and Lily. (变为否定句) They ______ _______ Lucy ______ Lily.
9.Is this your dictionary? (作否定回答) No, _______ _________.
10.There are some photos on the wall. (变否定句) There ________ ________ photos on the wall.
语法二：指示代词
(1)定义：用于中表示“这个；那个”“这些，那些”等指示概念的代词叫作指示代词。

▲分类与用法
【举例】：This is my map 这是我的地图
These boys are our friends 这些男孩是我的朋友
That bird is yellow 那只鸟是黄色的
Those are trees 那些是树
(2)指示代词的注意事项：
①当名词前有指示代词修饰时，其前就不能在用冠词或形容词性物主代词。

This girl is Kate. 这个女孩是凯特。

②电话用语中的指示代词：只代自己用this，指对方用that
—Who’s that?你是谁？—This is Daming. 我是大明
③在回答指示代词做主语的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时，答语要用it代替this或that，用they代替these或those.
—Is this your mother? 这是你妈妈吗？—Yes, it is./ No, it isn’t. 是的/ 不，不是。

【典型例题】用所给单词的适当形式填空
(1) (these) ruler is white.
(2)Hello! (that) are my friends.
(3)_________ (That)are my (parent).
(4)—Are those your brothers? —They are my friends.
A. Yes, they are.
B. No, they aren’ t.
C. Yes, he is.
(5)—these your books? —No, they .
A. Is; isn’t
B. Are; aren’t
C. Is; are
语法三：单数句变复数句
★一.名词变复数规则变化及发音：
1.绝大多数的可数名词在词尾加上s, 如：friend→friends; cat→cats; (s遇t读浊辅音[ts]，遇d读清辅音[dz])
2.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词，在该词末尾加上-es; 如：watches, boxes; (读[iz])
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y变为i，再加-es；元音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s；
如：fly→flies; baby→babies; toy→toys; boy→boys. (读[z])
4.以-f或-fe结尾的名词，要将-f或-fe变为-v，再加es; 如：knife→knives; leaf→leaves. (读[vz])
5.以-o结尾的名词，有生命的加-es；无生命的加-s；如：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; pho to→photos.(读[z])
★二．名词变复数不规则变化：
1.单词内部发生变化：口诀“oo常常变ee，男人女人a变e”；
eg：foot→feet脚；tooth→teeth牙齿；man→men男人；woman→women女人；
2.单复数相同：“羊鱼小鹿无变化，单数复数是一家”
eg：sheep→sheep绵羊；fish→fish鱼；deer→deer鹿；
3.不规则变化：child→children孩子；mouse→mice老鼠；German→Germans德国人；
4.“某国人”的复数有三种类型：口诀“中日不变，英法变，其它S加后边”
（1）Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形，不需加s；
（2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把man 变为men；
（3）其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。

如：Americans, Australians,
▲三．特殊名词的讲解：
(1). people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。

作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。

There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。

There are fifty-six peoples in our country. 我们国家有56个民族。

(2). 集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。

His family is a large family. His family like animals.
指整体指成员
语法四：Who 疑问代词
为“谁；什么人”。

本句是由who引导的特殊疑问句，结构为“Who+be+主语？”，用来询问人物的身份。

回答时，应根据人物的性别及主语的单复数选用适当的人称代词。

Who’s=Who is.
--Who’s the girl? 那个女孩是谁？
--She is my sister. 他是我的姐姐/妹妹
--Who are you? 你们是谁？
--We are his brothers. 我们是他的兄弟
--Who are they? 他们是谁？
--They are my parents. 他们是我的父母。

语法五：Here are two nice photos of my family. 这有两张我家人的漂亮照片。

(1)本句是一个倒装句，其正常语序为“Two nice photos of my family are here”.
当here置于句首时，句子常用倒装语序，其结构为“Here+谓语动词+主语（名词）”。

句中谓语动词的单复数要视其主语而定。

①Here are some pens. 这里有些钢笔。

②Here is a pen. 这里有一支钢笔。

【拓展】：在here开头的句子中，当主语是代词时，句子不能倒装，即“Here+主语（代词）+谓语动词”
①Here you are. 给你
②Here they come. 他们过来了。

(2)photo可数名词，意为“照片”，其复数形式为photos。

常用短语take a photo/photos, 意为“照相；拍照” That’s an old photo. 那是一张旧照片。

(3)of介词，意为“属于（某人或某物）；关于（某人或某物）”，通常用于表示无生命的东西的所属关系。

That is a map of China. 那是一张中国地图。

一．单项选择
1. This is Lisa. _______ is my good friend.
A. He
B. It
C. She
D. Her
2. Mom, _______ my friends, Dale and Helen.
A. this
B. they is
C. he and she
D. these are
3. —Dad, these are my friends, Peter and _______ sister Mona.
—Nice to meet you!
A. his
B. your
C. my
D. her
4. She has _______ aunt and _______ uncle.
A. a ; a
B. a; an
C. an; a
D. an; an
5. I have ______ uncle. He is in Guangzhou now.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
6. This is a photo _______ my family.
A. in
B. with
C. of
D. on
7. —Is Cindy your friend? —________. She's my good friend.
A. Yes, she's
B. Yes, she is
C. No, she isn't
D. No, she is
8. My father _______ in the _______ photo .
A. is; one
B. are; one
C. are; first
D. is; first
9. Look! Here _______ some pictures of Fuzhou.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
10. —Well, have a good day! —________! ________, too.
A. OK; I
B. OK; Me
C. Thanks; Me
D. Thanks; You
11. —________ ? —Yes, she is.
A. Is Mrs. Brown your aunt
B. Is Mr. Brown your uncle
C. Who's she
D. What's this
12. —What a happy family! Is it your photo? —Yes, it's a photo my family.
A. at
B. for
C. of
D. in
13. —Are _______ my ________? —No, they aren't.
A. these; books
B. that; book
C. those; book
D. this; book
14. —I'll go to Hong Kong for a trip next weekend.
—Great! _______
A.Good luck!
B. Have a good time!
C. Goodbye!
D. Glad to see you again.
15. Those ________ my bags. They are her bags.
A. is
B. are
C. isn't
D. aren't
二．根据句意和所给汉语完成句子。

每空一词
1.The boy is my_________（弟弟）. His name is Jack.
2.—How many_________（天）are there in a week?
—Seven days.
3. My mother's mother is my____________(外祖母）.
4. __________(这些）are my friends.
5. Who are__________(他们）?
6. My father has two____________(女儿）, Susan and I.
7. My grandfather and grandmother are my _____________(祖父母）.
8. David and Eric are my __________（堂兄弟）.
9. Look at her _____________（女儿）. They are good girls.
10. —What's your _________（狗）name?
—Its name is Coco.
三．按要求改写句子
1. Are these Dale's grandparents?(作肯定回答）
________, _________ _________.
2.That is her sister.(改为复数句）
________ _________ her __________.
3.The girl is Gina's sister.(对画线部分提问）
________ _________ the girl?
4.This is my brother.(改为复数句）
________ ________ my ___________.
5.This is my father. This is my mother.(合并为一句）
_________ _________ my __________ .
6.These are my friends.(改为单数句）
________ _________ my __________.
7.Those are oranges. （改为单数句）
__________ _________ orange.
四．短文还原从方框中选择合适的句子还原到短文中，有一个多余选项。

Hello! My name is Li Yun. I'm from China. 1. _________ I’m twelve. I have black hair and two big black eyes. 2. __________
I have two friends here. They are Liu Xing and Xia Xue. 3. _________ His English name is Peter. He is thirteen. He has a round face and small eyes. 4. _________ He looks cool. Xia Xue is a girl. She is twelve, too. 5. __________ Her English name is Jane. She is in a green T-shirt and a red skirt. She is very nice. Peter, Jane and I are good friends. We often help each other.
A. She has long black hair, a small nose and small eyes.
B. But now I live in Canada.
C. He is in a white shirt and blue pants.
D. I'm in pink（粉色）now.
E. I like blue.
F. Liu Xing is a boy.。