NIT-负所得税的概念及例子-NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
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• 1985 The American Humanist Association named him the Humanist of the Year
• 1993 Lomonosov Gold Medal
• 1997 Order of Canada (Officer)
• 2000 Awarded the U. S. Presidential Medal of Freedom
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Supply-side economic 供应经济学
• Supply-side economics is a school of macroeconomic (整体经济） thought
• Economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering barriers for people to produce (supply) goods and services, such as lowering income tax and capital gains tax rates, and by allowing greater flexibility by reducing regulation.
• 1961-1963
As an adviser to President John F. Kennedy, Galbraith was appointed United States Ambassador to India
• 1972
Served as president of the American Economic Association
• 1958 The Affluent Society
• 1973 Economics and the Public Purpose
• 1994 A Short History of Financial Euphoria
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Honors
• worked for Fortune Magazine for 5 years where he expounded （详细说明） Keynesianism to the American business leadership
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
During World War II
• An internationally recognised measure usually only applied to the wealth of countries
• The inequality among values of a frequency distribution (for example levels of income or wealth)
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Some of Kenneth's famous economics books
• 1952 American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power
• 1954 Best seller The Great Crash, 1929
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
.
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinists, held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by "survival of the fittest"
（适者生存）
• The theory was used from the late 19th century to support laissez-faire（放任政策） capitalism and political conservatism（保守
主义）
• Social Darwinism declined as scientific knowledge expanded
The General Theory is often viewed as the foundation of modern macroeconomics
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Gini-coefficient 基尼系数
• A measure of statistical dispersion （离 差） developed by the Italian statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Social Darwinism 社会达尔文主义
• A theory that persons, groups, and "races" are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin had proposed for plants and animals in nature.
David Ricardo John D.Recketfeller
Group 2
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
John Kenneth Galbraith
•Born:October 15,1908 Died :April 29,2006(aged 97)
• 1977 The Age of Uncertainty for BBC television
• Hundreds of essays and a number of novels: Among his novels, A Tenured Professor achieved particular critical acclaim.
1939-1940
• Taught at Princeton University
1949
• Appointed professor of economics at Harvard
• Served as deputy head of the Office of Price Administration
• Became a tutor at Harvard University
1937
• A year-long fellowship at the University of Cambridge(where he was influenced by John Maynard Keynes)
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
• 2006
Died in Cambridge NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Works
Although he was a president of the American Economic Association, Galbraith was considered an iconoclast （打破旧习的 人）by many economists
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Economic theory in 1930s(because of the Great Depression)
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
• The central argument: the level of employment is determined, not by the price of labour as in neoclassical （新 古典主义的）economics, but by the spending of money (aggregate demand 总需求)
NIT,负所得税的概念及 例子
,NEGATIVEINCOMETA X
2024/2/9
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
1.John Kenneth Galbraith Life Works Achievement
2.John.M.Keynes and Keynesian economics in 1930s
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Negative income tax （NIT）负所得税
• In economics, a negative income tax is a progressive income tax system where people earning below a certain amount receive supplemental pay from the government instead of paying taxes to the government.
3. Reagan's economics 4.Gini-Coefficient
Group 1
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
4.Social Darwinism 5.Supply-side
economics
6.NIT ton Friedman 8.Adam Smith
•A Canadian-American economist •A Keynesian （凯恩斯主
义者）
an institutionalist（经
济思想史上的制度学派）
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 Early life and teaching:
1934
• Ph.D in agricultural economics from the University of California, Berkeley.
• 2001 Padma Vibhushan (India)
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
John M.Keynes
• John Maynard Keynes(5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946)
• A British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
• under-employment and underinvestment are likely to be the natural state unless active measures are taken
• activist economic policy by government to stimulate demand in times of high unemployment, for example by spending on public works.
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Supply-side economic
• According to supply-side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices.
• 1993 Lomonosov Gold Medal
• 1997 Order of Canada (Officer)
• 2000 Awarded the U. S. Presidential Medal of Freedom
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Supply-side economic 供应经济学
• Supply-side economics is a school of macroeconomic (整体经济） thought
• Economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering barriers for people to produce (supply) goods and services, such as lowering income tax and capital gains tax rates, and by allowing greater flexibility by reducing regulation.
• 1961-1963
As an adviser to President John F. Kennedy, Galbraith was appointed United States Ambassador to India
• 1972
Served as president of the American Economic Association
• 1958 The Affluent Society
• 1973 Economics and the Public Purpose
• 1994 A Short History of Financial Euphoria
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Honors
• worked for Fortune Magazine for 5 years where he expounded （详细说明） Keynesianism to the American business leadership
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
During World War II
• An internationally recognised measure usually only applied to the wealth of countries
• The inequality among values of a frequency distribution (for example levels of income or wealth)
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Some of Kenneth's famous economics books
• 1952 American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power
• 1954 Best seller The Great Crash, 1929
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
.
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinists, held that the life of humans in society was a struggle for existence ruled by "survival of the fittest"
（适者生存）
• The theory was used from the late 19th century to support laissez-faire（放任政策） capitalism and political conservatism（保守
主义）
• Social Darwinism declined as scientific knowledge expanded
The General Theory is often viewed as the foundation of modern macroeconomics
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Gini-coefficient 基尼系数
• A measure of statistical dispersion （离 差） developed by the Italian statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Social Darwinism 社会达尔文主义
• A theory that persons, groups, and "races" are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin had proposed for plants and animals in nature.
David Ricardo John D.Recketfeller
Group 2
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
John Kenneth Galbraith
•Born:October 15,1908 Died :April 29,2006(aged 97)
• 1977 The Age of Uncertainty for BBC television
• Hundreds of essays and a number of novels: Among his novels, A Tenured Professor achieved particular critical acclaim.
1939-1940
• Taught at Princeton University
1949
• Appointed professor of economics at Harvard
• Served as deputy head of the Office of Price Administration
• Became a tutor at Harvard University
1937
• A year-long fellowship at the University of Cambridge(where he was influenced by John Maynard Keynes)
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
• 2006
Died in Cambridge NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Works
Although he was a president of the American Economic Association, Galbraith was considered an iconoclast （打破旧习的 人）by many economists
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Economic theory in 1930s(because of the Great Depression)
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
• The central argument: the level of employment is determined, not by the price of labour as in neoclassical （新 古典主义的）economics, but by the spending of money (aggregate demand 总需求)
NIT,负所得税的概念及 例子
,NEGATIVEINCOMETA X
2024/2/9
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
1.John Kenneth Galbraith Life Works Achievement
2.John.M.Keynes and Keynesian economics in 1930s
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Negative income tax （NIT）负所得税
• In economics, a negative income tax is a progressive income tax system where people earning below a certain amount receive supplemental pay from the government instead of paying taxes to the government.
3. Reagan's economics 4.Gini-Coefficient
Group 1
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
4.Social Darwinism 5.Supply-side
economics
6.NIT ton Friedman 8.Adam Smith
•A Canadian-American economist •A Keynesian （凯恩斯主
义者）
an institutionalist（经
济思想史上的制度学派）
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 Early life and teaching:
1934
• Ph.D in agricultural economics from the University of California, Berkeley.
• 2001 Padma Vibhushan (India)
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
John M.Keynes
• John Maynard Keynes(5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946)
• A British economist whose ideas have profoundly affected the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
• under-employment and underinvestment are likely to be the natural state unless active measures are taken
• activist economic policy by government to stimulate demand in times of high unemployment, for example by spending on public works.
NIT,负所得税的概念及例 子,NEGATIVEINCOMETAX
Supply-side economic
• According to supply-side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices.