Chapter Three Differeces in the way of thinking2
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2
1. 汉语重整体，英语重个体
传统的中国哲学认为天地人合一，自然界和人
类都服从同一规律，人类和自然水乳交融，是 个和谐的统一体。这种哲学思想渗透到人们的 思想中，形成整体性思维方式。 西方哲学强调人的个体意识，人依附于自然却 独立于自然，因而西方人崇尚个体思维。
3
词义： 汉语—— 笼统、模糊 英语—— 具体、准确
15
这种思维习惯表现在句子的语序安排上的不同：
汉语的语义内容按时间顺序与逻辑顺序展开，语序 与语义结构体现为：先发生先说；先说明后概括； 先细节后总结；先原因后结果；先假设后推论。 英语一般采取相反的语序，往往先表明自己的感受 、观点和态度，或是先对事物做出评价，然后再叙 述来龙去脉。
16
“车来了！”
bus, minibus, car, taxi, van, lorry, shuttle ??? “你有笔吗？” pen, pencil, highlighter, liner ???
4
出入下车。 V1: No cycling at the gate． V2: Cyclists please dismount． “他妈妈是好人。”
21
愚蠢的男人和愚蠢的女人结婚是一种幸福；智
慧的男人和聪明的女人在一起是一种格调。当 两种情形不幸交叉，生活就被贬低为日子。 It is a blessing that foolish men get married with foolish women. It is exquisite that intelligent men stay with wise women. If unfortunately, they are mismatched, then life is diminished to days.
18
I
take heart from the fact that the enemies, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 吹嘘能在几小时内就占领 战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带, 这 一事实使我增强了信心。
responsibility. V2:Everybody should take responsibility of his business. V3:Everyone should be responsible for his business.
6
大熊猫一胎产仔两只。
An adult female panda gives birth to two cubs at a time．
to start a boat
to run a machine.
12
A single thermonuclear bomb today has the destructive force of all the bombs and other explosives of World War II. 今天，一枚热核弹头的杀伤力就相当于二次大战中 全部炮火的总和。 人的生命是有限的，而为人民服务是无限的。 One‘s life is limited but serving the people is limitless．
对比下列句子：
It
was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I intended to pay to China in January.
我原本打算在今年1月访问中国，后来不得不推迟， 这使我非常失望。
对于这场比赛，我倾注了极大热情，表示了极大关注。 I poured my emotion and devoted my attention to the progress of the game.
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.
大地震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
The very earth trembled as with the tramp of horses and murmur of angry men.
13
人的生命是有限的，而为人民服务是无限的。 One„s life is limited but serving the people is limitless． I persuaded him without avail . 我劝是劝过他了，但没有用。 It‟s a good suggestion,only it‟s unworkable for the time being. 这个建议好是 好，可惜目前行不通。 学生很羡慕她的博学。 Students admire her for her wide range of knowledge 两种办法各有得失。Each of the two methods has its advantages and disadvantage. “得”、“失”原为“得到”（gain）和“失去”（loss），但在这里， 则指优点和缺点。 4．有些合成词依旧保存了单音节词的原义，表示对应关系，常按字面 直译： 不计较各人得失 never give thought to personal gain or loss
20
Don‟t
you feel it strange that she should be so much ungrateful to Jack, who did so much for her when she was in poverty?
她贫困潦倒时杰克帮了她那么多的忙，而她却 对杰克如此忘恩负义，难道你不觉得奇怪吗？
He was half dead with a black figure in the darkness.
25
汉英两种语言中，都有相当数量的抽象
词语，如：
雄辩 eloquence 民主 democracy 权威 authority 可行性 feasibility 首创精神 initiative 贸易保护主义 trade protectionism 等
9
The
trouble is that these restrictions have remained while other things have changed. 问题是，虽然其他事情已经改变，这些限制 却依旧存在。
10
In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. 在现代世界上，盐除了供食用外，还有许多其他用 途。 For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men from place to place. 几十年来，煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的重要 能源。
8
1. This problem/question is above me． 2. Something has gone wrong with my computer. 3. I shall express my views on the subject. 4. What you do does not matter. The important thing is how you do it. 5. The problem is where to find the answer. 6. You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.
Chapter Three
Differences in the Ways of Thinking between English & Chinese And their Translation
1
心有多远，你就能走多远.
You can go as far as you want to go.
聪明人能发现机会，更能创造机会。
“His mother is a good woman.”
5
利用方程，
我们可以求解未知量。 With an equation, we can work with an unknown quantity.
大家的事大家管。
V1:Everybody‟s business should be everybody‟s
26
translation 翻译 翻译作品 transportation 运输 运输工具 advertisement 广告 广告资料 propaganda 宣传 宣传机关 family 家庭 家庭成员 do evil things openly 毫不隐蔽地干坏事 明火执仗 be full of anxiety and worry 十分挂念 牵肠挂肚 have not cut off relations completely 没有彻底断绝关系 藕断丝连
19
由于受到顽强抵抗,
你若不当心就有可能感冒。
You‘re liable to get cold if you are not careful.
不是自己的东西而据为己有是不符合道义的。
It is not moral to take possession of things that don’t belong to you.
22
3.抽象思维与形象思维
英语注重抽象思维，擅长运用大量的抽象词
语来表达复杂的理性概念. 汉语注重形象思维，惯用直觉和意象等形象 的方法表达抽象的意义，以神制形，突出神 韵，表现为形简神远。
23
他拜倒在她的石榴裙下。
He worshipped her on his knees.
只要你愿意嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，
11
开汽车 开会
to drive a car
to hold a meeting
to open fire to offer a price to turn on the light to open the door
开火
开价 开灯 开门 开收音机 开船 开机器
to turn on a radio
17
她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那
场争论就此结束。 Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.
如果我们以怀疑、不信任或者恐惧的心情去寻
求和平,那就得不到持久的和平。 We can gain no lasting peace if we approach it with suspicion and mistrust or with fear.
14
2. 英语重直观思维，汉语重曲线思维
英语重视直观思维，语言上习惯把主要的信
息放在句首，然后再把其他信息添加上去， 即先是主语和谓语，就是说，把主要的信息 放在句首（主谓），次要的信息则递相叠加。 因此，英语句式结构多为重心在前。
汉语习惯曲线思维，习惯于先从侧面说明、
阐述外围的环境，最后说出话语的主要信息 （主题和题）。因此，汉语句式结构多为 句尾重心（语义焦点）。
大家的事大家管。
Everybody‟s business should be everybody‟s responsibility.
7
试译下列句子
1. 这个问题我不懂。 2. 我的电脑出问题了。 3. 我将就这个问题发表我的看法。 4. 你做什么没关系，重要的问题是你怎么做。 5. 问题是到哪去找答案。 6. 你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。
一辈子享用不尽。 If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
24
我们都来自五湖四海。
We are from all corners of the country.
黑暗中的一个黑影吓得他魂飞魄散。
1. 汉语重整体，英语重个体
传统的中国哲学认为天地人合一，自然界和人
类都服从同一规律，人类和自然水乳交融，是 个和谐的统一体。这种哲学思想渗透到人们的 思想中，形成整体性思维方式。 西方哲学强调人的个体意识，人依附于自然却 独立于自然，因而西方人崇尚个体思维。
3
词义： 汉语—— 笼统、模糊 英语—— 具体、准确
15
这种思维习惯表现在句子的语序安排上的不同：
汉语的语义内容按时间顺序与逻辑顺序展开，语序 与语义结构体现为：先发生先说；先说明后概括； 先细节后总结；先原因后结果；先假设后推论。 英语一般采取相反的语序，往往先表明自己的感受 、观点和态度，或是先对事物做出评价，然后再叙 述来龙去脉。
16
“车来了！”
bus, minibus, car, taxi, van, lorry, shuttle ??? “你有笔吗？” pen, pencil, highlighter, liner ???
4
出入下车。 V1: No cycling at the gate． V2: Cyclists please dismount． “他妈妈是好人。”
21
愚蠢的男人和愚蠢的女人结婚是一种幸福；智
慧的男人和聪明的女人在一起是一种格调。当 两种情形不幸交叉，生活就被贬低为日子。 It is a blessing that foolish men get married with foolish women. It is exquisite that intelligent men stay with wise women. If unfortunately, they are mismatched, then life is diminished to days.
18
I
take heart from the fact that the enemies, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 吹嘘能在几小时内就占领 战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带, 这 一事实使我增强了信心。
responsibility. V2:Everybody should take responsibility of his business. V3:Everyone should be responsible for his business.
6
大熊猫一胎产仔两只。
An adult female panda gives birth to two cubs at a time．
to start a boat
to run a machine.
12
A single thermonuclear bomb today has the destructive force of all the bombs and other explosives of World War II. 今天，一枚热核弹头的杀伤力就相当于二次大战中 全部炮火的总和。 人的生命是有限的，而为人民服务是无限的。 One‘s life is limited but serving the people is limitless．
对比下列句子：
It
was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I intended to pay to China in January.
我原本打算在今年1月访问中国，后来不得不推迟， 这使我非常失望。
对于这场比赛，我倾注了极大热情，表示了极大关注。 I poured my emotion and devoted my attention to the progress of the game.
A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.
大地震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫怒吼。
The very earth trembled as with the tramp of horses and murmur of angry men.
13
人的生命是有限的，而为人民服务是无限的。 One„s life is limited but serving the people is limitless． I persuaded him without avail . 我劝是劝过他了，但没有用。 It‟s a good suggestion,only it‟s unworkable for the time being. 这个建议好是 好，可惜目前行不通。 学生很羡慕她的博学。 Students admire her for her wide range of knowledge 两种办法各有得失。Each of the two methods has its advantages and disadvantage. “得”、“失”原为“得到”（gain）和“失去”（loss），但在这里， 则指优点和缺点。 4．有些合成词依旧保存了单音节词的原义，表示对应关系，常按字面 直译： 不计较各人得失 never give thought to personal gain or loss
20
Don‟t
you feel it strange that she should be so much ungrateful to Jack, who did so much for her when she was in poverty?
她贫困潦倒时杰克帮了她那么多的忙，而她却 对杰克如此忘恩负义，难道你不觉得奇怪吗？
He was half dead with a black figure in the darkness.
25
汉英两种语言中，都有相当数量的抽象
词语，如：
雄辩 eloquence 民主 democracy 权威 authority 可行性 feasibility 首创精神 initiative 贸易保护主义 trade protectionism 等
9
The
trouble is that these restrictions have remained while other things have changed. 问题是，虽然其他事情已经改变，这些限制 却依旧存在。
10
In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. 在现代世界上，盐除了供食用外，还有许多其他用 途。 For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men from place to place. 几十年来，煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的重要 能源。
8
1. This problem/question is above me． 2. Something has gone wrong with my computer. 3. I shall express my views on the subject. 4. What you do does not matter. The important thing is how you do it. 5. The problem is where to find the answer. 6. You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.
Chapter Three
Differences in the Ways of Thinking between English & Chinese And their Translation
1
心有多远，你就能走多远.
You can go as far as you want to go.
聪明人能发现机会，更能创造机会。
“His mother is a good woman.”
5
利用方程，
我们可以求解未知量。 With an equation, we can work with an unknown quantity.
大家的事大家管。
V1:Everybody‟s business should be everybody‟s
26
translation 翻译 翻译作品 transportation 运输 运输工具 advertisement 广告 广告资料 propaganda 宣传 宣传机关 family 家庭 家庭成员 do evil things openly 毫不隐蔽地干坏事 明火执仗 be full of anxiety and worry 十分挂念 牵肠挂肚 have not cut off relations completely 没有彻底断绝关系 藕断丝连
19
由于受到顽强抵抗,
你若不当心就有可能感冒。
You‘re liable to get cold if you are not careful.
不是自己的东西而据为己有是不符合道义的。
It is not moral to take possession of things that don’t belong to you.
22
3.抽象思维与形象思维
英语注重抽象思维，擅长运用大量的抽象词
语来表达复杂的理性概念. 汉语注重形象思维，惯用直觉和意象等形象 的方法表达抽象的意义，以神制形，突出神 韵，表现为形简神远。
23
他拜倒在她的石榴裙下。
He worshipped her on his knees.
只要你愿意嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，
11
开汽车 开会
to drive a car
to hold a meeting
to open fire to offer a price to turn on the light to open the door
开火
开价 开灯 开门 开收音机 开船 开机器
to turn on a radio
17
她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那
场争论就此结束。 Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.
如果我们以怀疑、不信任或者恐惧的心情去寻
求和平,那就得不到持久的和平。 We can gain no lasting peace if we approach it with suspicion and mistrust or with fear.
14
2. 英语重直观思维，汉语重曲线思维
英语重视直观思维，语言上习惯把主要的信
息放在句首，然后再把其他信息添加上去， 即先是主语和谓语，就是说，把主要的信息 放在句首（主谓），次要的信息则递相叠加。 因此，英语句式结构多为重心在前。
汉语习惯曲线思维，习惯于先从侧面说明、
阐述外围的环境，最后说出话语的主要信息 （主题和题）。因此，汉语句式结构多为 句尾重心（语义焦点）。
大家的事大家管。
Everybody‟s business should be everybody‟s responsibility.
7
试译下列句子
1. 这个问题我不懂。 2. 我的电脑出问题了。 3. 我将就这个问题发表我的看法。 4. 你做什么没关系，重要的问题是你怎么做。 5. 问题是到哪去找答案。 6. 你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。
一辈子享用不尽。 If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
24
我们都来自五湖四海。
We are from all corners of the country.
黑暗中的一个黑影吓得他魂飞魄散。