20-21版:Grammar—The use of “it” (1) (步步高)
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2.take it/things easy相当于don’t worry或don’t hurry,用来劝告别人,表 示“不要慌;别担心;沉住气”。 Take it easy! He will do it well. 别担心!他会做好的。 3.it all depends/that all depends 在口语中,相当于it hasn’t been decided yet, 表示“视情况而定”。 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday? —It/That all depends. ——你将要去乡村度假吗? ——那得看情况。
5.Believe me,I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. 6.This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. 7.As you know,if you do the same thing over and over again,you begin to do it automatically. 8.I didn’t know,for example,that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
三、it的指代用法 it可以指代前面提到的名词,与前面的名词是同名同物的东西。 I have lost my umbrella.I am looking for it. 我丢了我的伞,我正在找它。 注意:one和that 也有此类用法。one也可以指代前面的名词,只能代替可数 名词单数,指同名异物的东西;that既可以指代前面的可数名词也可以指代不 可数名词。 A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. 用钢制成的椅子比用木头制成的更结实。
语法精析
一、it 作人称代词 1.it的最基本用法是作代词,主要指上文提到的事物,以避免重复。 Xi’an is a beautiful city,isn’t it? 西安是个美丽的城市,不是吗? 2.也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子)或不明身份的人。 —Is this your dog? —No,it isn’t. ——这是你的狗吗? ——不是。
2.在一些动词或动词短语如:appreciate,like,love,hate,depend on,see to后应用it充当形式宾语,然后再接宾语从句。 I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 如果你能提前让我知道你是否来,我将非常感谢。 I like it when it is autumn here. 我喜欢这儿是秋天的时候。 People hate it when you speak with your mouth full. 人们讨厌你嘴里装满东西时说话。
五、it作形式宾语 1.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的 补足语后面,而用it 作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think, believe,make,find,consider,feel等。 I found it very interesting to study English. 我发现学英语非常有趣。 I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。 He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。
(3)It is+n.+that... It is a pity (a shame/an honor/no wonder...) that... 该句型中,如果表示出乎意料等感情,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气,即谓语 动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省去,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意 义时,则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾! It is no wonder that he looks so tired.He stayed up last night. 难怪他看上去那么累,昨天晚上熬夜了!
Unit 3 A healthy life
INDEX
Grammar—The use of “it”(1)
PART 1
语法导学
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
语法感知
感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题
1.It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. 2.It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 3.It is my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old! 4.Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to givhat Tom will take care of his little brother. 我相信汤姆会照顾他小弟的。 You should see to it that children can live and study well here. 你应该确保孩子们在这生活好学习好。
(2)It be+adj.+of sb. to do sth. 此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词:kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel, considerate , careful , careless , silly , foolish , stupid , clever , wise , crazy等。 It’s kind of you to help me with the problem. 帮我解决问题,你真是太好了。
2.it作形式主语替代主语从句 (1)It is+adj.+从句 It is clear (obvious/true/possible/certain/...) that... 该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显 然,真的……)”。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 很明显他又胖又高像一棵树。
(2)It is+v.-ed+that...=Sb. /Sth. is+v.-ed+to do It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped/...) that... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句;该结构常译 为“据说(据报道,据悉……)”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. 据说他已经来北京了。 It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道另一个地球卫星已发射进轨道。
Her new baby is tiny;it only weighs 2 kilos. 她刚生的宝宝个头很小,才两千克重。 —Who is it knocking at the door? —It might be the postman. ——谁在敲门? ——可能是邮递员。
二、it作非人称代词 1.指天气 It is a lovely day,isn’t it? 天气真不错,不是吗? It is a bit windy.有点风。 2.指时间 It was nearly midnight when she came back. 她回来时已近午夜。 3.指环境 It was very quiet in the café.咖啡馆里非常安静。
[疑难辨析] 一、it替代作主语的动名词或不定式的常见句型 It’s no good/use doing... It’s (well) worth doing... It’s worthwhile doing/to do...
二、it常用的固定搭配 1.make it (1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示“成功;做到;说定;赶上;及时到达”。 He never really made it as an actor. 他从来就不是一个成功的演员。 (2)在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”。 —Shall we meet next week? —OK.We just make it next Saturday. ——我们下星期见面好吗? ——好。那我们约定好下星期六吧。
4.指距离 It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre from my home. 从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。 5.指日期 —What’s the date today? —It’s May 1,2020. ——今天是几号? ——2020年5月1日。 6.指季节 It is summer now.现在是夏季。
1.it可以用作非人称代词,指代 天气 ,如句1;也可以指代 时间 ,如句3。 2.it用作非人称代词时,可以指代 前面所说的部分内容或某个东西 ,如句4中 的第二个it、句6、句7和句8中的第一个it。 3.it可以代替 主语从句 ,作形式主语,如句2;也可代替 不定式 作形式主语, 如句5和句8中的第二个it。 4.it可以代替 不定式 作形式宾语,如句4中的第一个it。
The coat you bought is cheaper than that I bought. 你买的这件外衣比我买的便宜。 The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. 杯子里的水比锅里的水更热。
四、it作形式主语 1.it作形式主语替代动词不定式 (1)It be+adj.+(for sb. ) to do sth. 此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,hard,necessary, unnecessary , possible , impossible , likely , unlikely , right , wrong , important,unimportant,legal,illegal,polite,impolite,clear,obvious, certain,suitable,proper,fit,dangerous等。 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. 青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。