2022年辽宁省部分中学高二下学期期末英语试题

省部分中学2023届新高三摸底考试暨高二年级期末质量检测
英语试题
考生注意：考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A
Below is a list of the most worthwhile writing competitions available.
TALF Flash Fiction Competition
The theme of this contest from Theme Arts and Literature Festival is "The Prime of Lile" in recognition of the l5th anniversary of the death of Muriel Spark. You can deal with this theme in any genre (体裁) and in any way you choose, although you are limited to 500 words.
Prizes : £200, £100, £50.
Entry Fee : £8.
Wild Nature Poetry Award 2022
Here we have a new contest from Indigo Dreams Publishing. It is for poems of up to 48 lines on the subject of cruel sports, wildlife in general, the natural world, or the environment.
Prizes: £200, £100, £75.
Entry Fee: £5.
SPM Poetry Book Competition
This international contest from Sentinel Poetry Movement is for full-length poetry collections on any theme and in any style. To enter, you submit up to 20 pages initially. If shortlisted (入围), you have to submit the full collection before December 31 .
Prizes: £500, £250, £100.
Entry Fee: £25.
Poetry Space Competition 2022
Here's a new contest from Poetry Space, an online platform for modern poetry from around the world, which requires poems of up to 40 lines on any subject. You have to be over 16 to enter. The judge is Rosie Jackson, a poet and creative writing tutor.
Prizes: £300, £200, £100.
Entry Fee: £5.
1. What is special about TALF Flash Fiction Competition?
A. It requires no entry fee.
B. It is about a certain theme.
C. It has the longest history.
D. It was started by a famous person.
2. Which contest requests part of the entry first?
A. SPM Poetry Book Competition.
B. Poetry Space Competition 2022.
C. Wild Nature Poetry Award 2022.
D. TALF Flash Fiction Competition.
3. What can we know about the contest from Poetry Space?
A. It is a yearly contest.
B. Anyone can take part.
C. It has more than one limit.
D. In offers the most prize money.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【详解】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几个值得参加的写作竞赛。

1.细节理解题。

根据TALF Flash Fiction Competition中的“The theme of this contest from Theme Arts and Literature Festival is "The Prime of Lile" in recognition of the l5th anniversary of the death of Muriel Spark”可知，这种竞赛的主题是艺术和文学，以此纪念Muriel Spark逝世15周年。

由此可知这种竞赛有一定的主题。

故选B。

2细节理解题。

根据SPM Poetry Book Competition中的“To enter, you submit up to 20 pages initially. If shortlisted (入围), you have to submit the full collection before December 31 .”可知，为了入围，你要递交20页的初稿。

如果入围，你必须在12月31日前递交完整的作品。

由此可知，这种竞赛首先要递交一部分初稿。

故选A。

3细节理解题。

根据Poetry Space Competition 2022中的“which requires poems of up to 40 lines on any subject. You have to be over 16 to enter.”可知，这个竞赛有两个要求。

一个是：诗歌要求40行；其二是：年龄要在16岁以上。

因此这种竞赛的限制不止一个。

故选C。

B
On Sept 25, a team of doctors made medical history. In a two-hour procedure, led by Dr Robert Montgomery at New York University (NYU) Langone Health in the US, doctors successfully attached a kidney (肾) from a genetically-engineered (转基因的) pig t o a human. The kidney functioned normally and wasn’t rejected (排斥) by the person’s immune system.
Montgomery said that the success was great. “It was a kidney that was immediately functioning,” Montgomery told CBS News.
The recipient (接受者) was a brain-dead patient with signs of kidney dysfunction (功能障碍) whose family agreed to the experiment before she was due to be taken off life support, researchers told Reuters.
For three days, the kidney was attached to the patient’s blood vessels (血管) by the upper leg and kept outside her body.
This kidney was never meant to serve as a permanently functioning organ for the patient. Instead, the point of the operation was to test whether the body would reject the organ. Researchers have been working toward the possibility of using animal organs, for example pigs’, for transplants for years. The problem lies in how to prevent the body from rejecting the organ.
This is where the idea of using an organ from a genetically-engineered pig came into play.
According to Popular Science, pig cells contain a sugar molecule (分子) that is foreign to the human body and causes organ rejection. Montgomery’s team thought that using a genetically-engineered pig that wouldn’t produce
this sugar molecule would overcome the problem of organ rejection. This could give hope to many common people.
Montgomery said that the NYU kidney transplant (移植) experiment would bring hope for patients with kidney failure possibly in the next year or two, CNN reported.
While there is still much to be done before entire pig organs are regularly used in people, the future itself is encouraging. Amy Friedman told The New York Times that she hopes that in the future, it will be possible to use other organs grown in pigs as well. “ It’s truly unbelievable to think of how many transplants we might be able to offer.”
4. What was the aim of the experiment?
A. To find out what causes kidney dysfunction.
B. To test if the animal organ would be rejected.
C. To study what causes the human body to reject an organ.
D. To see what kinds of animal organs could work in humans.
5. How did the researchers overcome the challenge ?
A. By enlarging the sugar molecule.
B. By adjusting the position of the kidney.
C. By using a genetically-engineered pig.
D. By adding a sugar molecule to the organ.
6. What’s the meaning of the experiment?
A. It developed a permanently functioning organ.
B. It provides a perfect solution to kidney failure.
C. It is the first time a brain-dead patient has been cured.
D. It marks a step toward using pig kidneys for transplants.
7. What’s Friedman’s attitude toward the prospect of using entire pig organs for transplants?
A. Doubtful.
B. Worried.
C. Positive.
D. Uncertain.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。

文章报道了罗伯特·蒙哥马利博士带领的医疗团队成功地将从一头转基因猪猪身上摘下的肾脏移植到人体，且功能正常，这一实验为肾功能衰竭患者带来了希望。

【4题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第五段中“This kidney was never meant to serve as a permanently functioning organ for the patient. Instead, the point of the operation was to test whether the body would reject the organ.(这个肾脏本来就不是用来作为病人的永久功能器官的。

相反，手术的目的是测试身体是否会排斥器官)”可知，手术实验的目的是测试动物器官是否会被排斥。

故选B项。

【5题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第五段“The problem lies in how to prevent the body from rejecting the organ.(问题在于如何
防止身体对器官的排斥)”和第七段“Montgomery’s team thought that using a g enetically-engineered pig that wouldn’t produce this sugar molecule would overcome the problem of organ rejection.(蒙哥马利的团队认为，使用不会产生这种糖分子的转基因猪可以克服器官排斥的问题)”可知，研究人员利用转基因猪来克服器官排斥的问题。

故选C项。

【6题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第七段“Montgomery’s team thought that using a genetically-en gineered pig that wouldn’t produce this sugar molecule would overcome the problem of organ rejection. This could give hope to many common people.(蒙哥马利的团队认为，使用不会产生这种糖分子的转基因猪可以克服器官排斥的问题。

这可以给许多普通人带来希望) ”和第八段中“Montgomery said that the NYU kidney transplant (移植) experiment would bring hope for patients with kidney failure, possibly in the next year or two, CNN reported.(据美国有线电视新闻网报道，蒙哥马利表示，纽约大学的肾移植实验可能在未来一两年为肾衰竭患者带来希望) ”可推知，纽约大学的肾移植实验证明转基因猪可以克服器官排斥问题，标志着猪肾移植又向前迈进了一步。

故选D项。

【7题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Amy Friedman told The New York Times that she hopes that in the future, it will be possible to use other organs grown in pigs as well. ‘ It’s truly unbelievable to think of how many transplants we might be able to offer. ’(艾米·弗里德曼在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示，她希望将来也能使用猪身上生长的其他器官。

‘一想到我们能提供多少移植手术，就觉得难以置信。

’)”可推知，Friedman对于移植猪身上的其他器官充满期待，持乐观态度。

故选C项。

C
Like most robots, social robots use artificial intelligence to decide how to act on information received through cameras and other sensors. The ability to respond in ways that seem lifelike has been informed by research into such issues as how perceptions (知觉) form, what constitutes social and emotional intelligence, and how people can infer others’ thoughts and feelings. Advances in Al have enabled designers to translate such psychological and neuroscientific insights into algorithms that allow robots to recognize voices, feces and emotions; interpret speech and gestures; respond appropriately to complex verbal and nonverbal cues; make eye contact; speak conversationally; and adapt to people’s ne eds by learning from feedback, rewards and criticisms.
A 47-inch humanoid (类人物) called Pepper (from SoftBank Robotics) recognizes faces and basic human emotions and engages in conversations via a touch screen in its “chest,” About 15,000 Peppers worldwide perform such services as hotel check-ins, airport customer service, shopping assistance and fast-food checkout. Temi (from Temi USA) and Loomo (Segway Robotics) are the next generation of personal assistants—like Amazon Echo and Google Home but mobile, providing a new level of functionality. Loomo, for instance, is not only a companion but can also transform on command into a scooter (小型摩托车) for transport.
Social robots have particular appeal for assisting the world’s growing elderly population. The PARO Th erapeutic Robot (developed by Japan’s National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), which looks like a seal, soft and cute, is meant to stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer’s disease and
other patients in care facilities: it responds to its name by moving its head, and it cries for petting. Mabu (Catalia Health) engages patients, particularly the elderly, as a wellness aide, reminding them to take walks and medication and to call family members. Social robots are also gaining popularity with consumers as toys. Early attempts to include social behavior in toys, such as Hasbro’s Baby Alive and Sony’s AIBO robotic dog, had limited success. But both are resurging (复活), and the most recent version of AIBO has advanced voice and gesture recognition, can be taught tricks and develops new behaviors based on previous interactions.
Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $5.6 billion in 2018, and the market is expected to grow to $19 billion by the end of 2025, with more than 65 million robots sold a year. This trend may seem surprising given that multiple well-funded consumer robot companies, such as Jibo and Anki, have failed. But a wave of robots is lining up to take the place of old robots, including BUDDY (Blue Frog Robotics), a big-eyed mobile device that plays games in addition to acting as a personal assistant and providing home automation and security.
8. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A. How social robots receive information.
B. What research has been conducted about social robots.
C. Why social robots can respond in lifelike ways.
D. How designers translate insights into social robots.
9. Examples are used in Paragraph 2 to show that social robots are ________.
A. filling an expanding variety of roles
B. getting higher intelligence
C. interacting with people
D. learning to respond in lifelike ways
10. According to the passage we know that ________.
A. social robots can have various forms and appearances
B. PARO can interact with people by moving its head like a dog
C. the most recent version of AIBO has achieved as great success as before
D. the sales of consumer robots have been increasing as ever expected
11. What is the best title for the passage?
A. More companies will invest on social robots.
B. Social robots play nicely with human beings.
C. Social robots have great effects on elder people’s life.
D. Artificial intelligence enables social robots to make decisions.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了社交机器人的功能发展，从人工智能技术的应用使社交机器人可以运转，讲到不同形态的机器人丰富人类的生活，再讲到各品牌的机器人发展的增长。

【8题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据第一段的主要内容，尤其是Like most robots, social robots use artificial intelligence to decide how to act on information received through cameras and other sensors.( 和大多数机器人那样，social robots 用人
工智能去处理它摄像机和传感器接收到的信号) 以及后文陈述的高等级的AI recognize voice, faces and emotions 等等可知，本段主要解答了为什么人工智能能逼真地做出回应。

C. Why social robots can respond in lifelike ways.( 为什么人工智能能逼真地做出回应)符合以上说法，故选C项。

【9题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第二段的Temi (from Temi USA) and Loomo (Segway Robotics) are the next generation of personal assistants—like Amazon Echo and Google Home but mobile, providing a new level of functionality. Loomo, for instance, is not only a companion but can also transform on command into a scooter (小型摩托车) for transport.(来自Temi USA的Temi和Loomo是新一代的个人助理——就像亚马逊的Echo和谷歌的Home一样，除了是移动设备，他们还提供了一个新的功能级别。

例如：Loomo不仅是一个伙伴，而且还可以根据命令转换成一个交通用的小型摩托车)可知，举例是为了说明这些社交机器人有很多功能和角色。

A. filling an expanding variety of roles(扮演越来越多的角色)符合以上说法，故选A项。

【10题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第三段的The PARO Therapeutic Robot (developed by Japan’s Na tional Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), which looks like a seal, soft and cute, is meant to stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer's disease and other patients in care facilities: it responds to its name by moving its head, and it cries for petting. Mabu (Catalia Health) engages patients, particularly the elderly, as a wellness aide, reminding them to take walks and medication and to call family members. Social robots are also gaining popularity with consumers as toys. (帕罗治疗机器人（由日本国立先进科学技术开发）看起来像一个海豹，柔软可爱，是在治疗中心为了刺激和减轻压力与阿尔兹海默病和其他病的仪器。

它通过摇头响应它的名字，哭着祈求爱抚。

Mabu是病人，尤其是老年人的健康助手，提醒他们散步、服药、并打电话给家人。

社交机器人作为玩具也受到消费者的欢迎)可推测，社交机器人有各种形态和特征。

A. social robots can have various forms and appearances(社交机器人有各种形态和外貌)符合以上推测，故选A项。

【11题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的Social robots have particular appeal for assisting the world’s growing elderly population.(社交机器人对于帮助世界上不断增加的老年人口有着特殊的吸引力)和第四段的Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $5.6 billion in 2018, and the market is expected to grow to $19 billion by the end of 2025, with more than 65 million robots sold a year.(2018年，全球消费型机器人的销售额预计达到56亿瑞士法郎，到2025年底，这一市场预计增长到190亿美元，每年将出售6500多万台机器人)可知，本文主要讲述了社交机器人受到人们的欢迎，因为它们的需求量在不断增加。

B. Social robots play nicely with human beings.(社交机器人和人类相处得好)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。

D
Going to university is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen, in Germany reports in Psychological Science this week that those who have been to university indeed seem to leave with broader and more curious minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in
vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, vocational training for work seemed to have narrowed them. The result is not quite what might be expected.
Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers’ personality traits (特点) including openness, conscientiousness (认真) and so on, and attitudes such as realistic, investigative and enterprising twice, once towards the end of each volunteer’s time at high school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 had to make a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.
When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of both groups had not changed significantly. As for changes in altitude, again, none were noticeable in the university group. However, those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.
The changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were more worrying. V ocational training has always been what Germany prides itself on. If Dr Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training are narrowing people’s choices that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.
12. What does Dr. Colle’s research suggest?
A. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.
B. College students pride themselves on their education.
C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds.
D. Attending university has apparent effects on personalities.
13. What does the underlined phrase “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Examined.
B. Attracted.
C. Organized.
D. Recognized
14. What can we learn about vocational training?
A. it is essential to scientific research.
B. It leads to marked change in personality.
C. It helps to broaden the volunteers’ minds.
D. It causes less interest in investigative job.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the finding?
A. Skeptical.
B. Optimistic.
C. Concerned.
D. Unclear.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍德国学者Jessika Golle通过研究表明并非大学教育让人思维开阔，而是职业训练让学生对调查型、创新型的工作降低了兴趣，从而限制了该部分学生的职业选择。

然而德国人向来以职业训练为傲，这引起了作者的忧虑。

【12题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段中的中“vocational training for work seemed to have narrowed them”及第三段中的“However, those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers”可知，Jessika Golle的研究发现，职业训练降低了学生对探究性工作的兴趣，限制了他们的职业选择，也就是说毕业后直接工作会使人们的思想狭隘，故选C。

【13题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据画线词前后的“Of the original group, 382 had to make a choice between the academic and vocational routes,”及“The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.”可知，此项研究中的382人，其中170人选择接受职业训练或工作，其余212人进入大学，也就是说大学吸引了212人，由此可知画线词词义为“吸引”，故选B。

【14题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段中“those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature”可知，职业训练降低了学生对探究创新型工作的兴趣，故选D。

【15题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段内容，特别是“The changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were more worrying. Vocational training has always been what Germany prides itself on.”可知，职业训练存在降低学生的兴趣、限制职业选择的缺点，但德国人却以职业训练为傲，这引起作者的担忧，故选C。

【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测的难度较大，抓住研究中的人数变动的是关键，根据画线词前后的“Of the original group, 382 had to make a choice between the academic and vocational routes,”及“The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.”可知，此项研究中的382人，其中170人选择接受职业训练或工作，“remaining”一词表明大学吸引走了212人，由此可知画线词词义为“吸引”。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Global Positioning System (GPS)is now a part of everyday driving in many countries. It is a space-based system that provides position and time information in all weather conditions. GPS can help people get to where they want to go.___16___When this happens, the driver is often to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, it is a combination of the two.
___17___Barry Brown, a GPS technologist, took an incident as an example. His friend once flew to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use. He wrongly plugged in the home address in the west. It wasn't until he was driving for thirty minutes that he realized it. Mr. Brown says this is a common human error. But he says, “One problem is that GPS has a very small screen and it can just tel l you the next turn.___18___”
“The Normal and Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS can cause difficulties. They include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. ___19___GPS may fail due to these reasons and then lead to confusion for the drivers.
Although GPS sometimes causes difficulties when people are driving, the most attractive point of this system
is its 100% coverage on the planet. It is important for you to have to know what you are doing when you use GPS. You need to have the “ability” to be able to use GPS because it sometimes goes wrong.___20___
A. There are quite a few situations showing the problems of using GPS.
B That means that it is not really telling you about going to the wrong place.
C. This space-based system is an important tool for civil and commercial users.
D. But sometimes it sends you to the wrong place or leaves you completely lost.
E. They also contain timing problems related to when GPS commands are given.
F. Advances in technology play an active role in modernizing GPS in many ways.
G. To make GPS well used, you need a good understanding of how drivers and GPS work.
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】
【导语】本文是说明文。

GPS能给驾驶者提供全天候覆盖全球的时间和位置信息，但也带来一些问题。

【16题详解】
根据前文“GPS can help people get to where they want to go.”（GPS可以帮助人们到达他们想去的地方。

）说到GPS的便利，下文“When this happens, the driver is often to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, it is a combination of the two.”（当这种情况发生时，司机往往是罪魁祸首。

有时是GPS的错误造成的。

大多数情况下，它是两者的结合。

）可知，后面说到GPS出现的问题，可推断，文意反转，D项But表示转折。

故选D。

【17题详解】
本空位于句首，起到统领下文的作用。

根据后文“Barry Brown, a GPS technologist, took an incident as an example. His friend once flew to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use. He wrongly plugged in the home address in the west. It wasn't until he was driving for thirty minutes that he realized it. Mr. Brown says this is a common human error.”（全球定位系统技术专家巴里·布朗举了一个例子。

他的朋友曾经飞到美国东部的一个机场。

在那里，他借了一辆装有GPS的车。

他把家庭地址错插在西边了。

直到开了三十分钟他才意识到这一点。

布朗先生说，这是一个常见的人为错误。

）举例具体说存在的问题。

此句是段落主题阐述有相当多的情况显示了使用GPS的问题。

故选A。

【18题详解】
根据前文“But he says, “One problem is that GPS has a very small screen and it can just tell you the next turn.”（但他表示:“一个问题是，GPS的屏幕非常小，它只能告诉你下一个转弯。

）GPS告诉你下一个拐弯，但是不等于告诉你去错误的地点，与B项吻合。

故选B。

【19题详解】
根据上文“‘The Normal and Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS’ lists several areas where GPS can cause difficulties. They include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. ”（《使用GPS驾驶的正常和
自然的问题》列出了几个可能导致GPS困难的领域。

它们包括过时、不正确或难以理解的地图。

）。

前文说GPS出现的若干问题，选项E列举了另一个问题，文意连贯。

故选E。

【20题详解】
此句在段尾，是对本段的总结。

根据空前“Although GPS sometimes causes difficulties when people are driving, the most attractive point of this system is its 100% coverage on the planet. It is important for you to have to know what you ar e doing when you use GPS. You need to have the “ability” to be able to use GPS because it sometimes goes wrong.”（虽然GPS有时会在人们开车时造成困难，但这个系统最吸引人的一点是它在地球上的100%覆盖。

重要的是，当你使用GPS时，你必须知道你在做什么。

你需要有“能力”能够使用GPS，因为它有时会出错。

）可知，前面强调使用GPS要明白的地方，前面的you need to 和G项的you need 一致，故选G。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。

Concerns about the harm caused by “too much” screen time—particularly when it is spent on social media—are widespread. But working out what a “healthy” ___21___ might be is far from easy.
Some negative experiences on social media—like ___22___ how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children. However, this does not mean that technology use in ___23___ is harmful and it is difficult to make claims about how it will affect different people.
Consider the picture painted by a UNICEF review of existing research into the effects of digital technology on children’s ___24___ comfort, including happiness, mental health and social life. Rather than stating that social media was harmful, it suggested a more ___25___ effect.
The UNICEF report highlighted a 2017 study that examined 120,000 UK 15-year-olds. Among those teenagers who were the lightest users, it was found that increasing the time spent using technology was linked to ___26___ comfort—possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships. ___27___, among the heaviest users of technology, any increase in time was linked to lower levels of comfort. Overall, the UNICEF study suggested that some scre en time could be good for children’s mental health.
A broader look at evidence provided by some other high quality studies again suggests the story is not ___28___. An early study in 2013 looked at how the television and video game habits of 11,000 UK five-year-olds affected them two years later. It is one of few studies actually ___29___ the effects of technology over time. It suggested that, compared with children who watched one hour of television or less on a weekday, a small increase in conduct problems was seen among those who watched more than three hours each day. Playing electronic games, however, was not seen as leading to a greater ___30___ of friendship or emotional problems.
So how much time should our children spend looking at screens? It is difficult to be ___31___ as different people spend time online in such different ways. A useful comparison might be with sugar. Broadly speaking, people ___32___ that too much sugar can be bad for your health. But the effect it might have can depend on many factors, from the type of sugar to the person and the amount. We would not ___33___ trust anyone who claims to
predict how someone is affected by consuming one gram of sugar. The same could be said for ___34___ usage: the outcomes depend on so many factors that only very ___35___ predictions are possible.
21. A. amount B. comparison C. experience D. medium
22. A. accounting for B. boasting of C. commenting on D. worrying about
23. A. general B. particular C. private D. public
24. A. domestic B. material C. physical D. psychological
25. A. complex B. dramatic C. harmless D. predictable
26. A. improved B. maximum C. relative D. small
27. A. As a rule B. In contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still
28 A. convincing B. definite C. probable D. true
29. A. estimating B. experiencing C. reducing D. tracing
30. A. connection B. power C. promotion D. risk
31. A. balanced B. independent C. precise D. subjective
32. A. agree B. forget C. object D. remember
33. A. equally B. readily C. reluctantly D. weakly
34 A. emotion therapy B. social media C. TV broadcasting D. video game
35. A. confident B. optimistic C. rough D. wild
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. D 31.
C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以很难精确地界定一个健康的屏幕时间的量。

【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间（尤其是在社交媒体上）会造成伤害。

但要弄清楚一个“健康”的量是多么的不容易。

A. amount数量；B. comparison比较；C. experience经验；D. medium 媒介。

空前说人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间会造成伤害，再结合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一个健康的屏幕时间的量很不容易，故A项正确。

【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：社交媒体上的一些负面经历，比如担心自己的外貌与别人的比较，确实会影响一些孩子。

A. accounting for导致；B. boasting of吹嘘；C. commenting on评述；D. worrying about担心。

根据空后的“how your appearance compares to others—do affect some children.”可知，担心自己的外貌与别人的比较会对一些孩子造成影响，故D项正确。

【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。

句意：然而，这并不意味着（数字）技术的普遍使用是有害的，而且很难断言它如何影响不同的人。

A. in general通常、普遍；B. in particular特别、尤其；C. in private私下；D. in public当众。

根据常识可知，数字技术是现代社会的人们普遍使用的，故A项正确。

【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：想想联合国儿童基金会所描述的关于数字技术对儿童心理安慰的影响的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社会生活。

A. domestic国内的；B. material物质的；C. physical体力的；D. psychological 心理的。

根据空后的“including happiness, mental health and social life.”可知此处指“心理安慰”，故D项正确。

【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：它没有说社交媒体有害，而是表明了一种更复杂的影响。

A. complex复杂的；
B. dramatic引人注目的；
C. harmless无害的；
D. predictable可预言的。

根据下文对其研究发现的介绍可知，联合国儿童基金会的研究表明社交媒体对儿童的影响很复杂，故A项正确。

【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：研究发现，在那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年中，增加使用电子产品的时间可能与提高舒适度有关，因为这对维持友谊很重要。

A. improved改进的、提高的；B. maximum最大极限的；C. relative相关的；D. small小的。

根据空后的“possibly because it was important for keeping up friendships.”可知，因为这对维持友谊很重要，所以对那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年来说，增加使用电子产品的时间会提高舒适度，故A项正确。

【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。

句意：相比之下，在使用科技产品最多的人群中，任何时间的增加都与舒适程度的降低有关。

A. As a rule照例；B. In contrast相比之下、与此相反；C. On the whole大体上；D. Worse still更糟的是。

根据语境可知，此处是与那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年的对比，故B项正确。

【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：对其他一些高质量研究提供的证据进行更广泛的研究再次表明，这一说法并不能站得住脚。

A. convincing令人信服的；B. definite一定的、确切的；C. probable可能的；D. true正确的。

根据下文对2013年的一项早期研究结果的介绍可知，空前说的一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项正确。

【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这是为数不多的追踪技术的影响随时间变化的研究之一。

A. estimating评估；B. experiencing体验；C. reducing减少；D. tracing追踪。

空前说2013年的一项早期研究调查了11000名英国5岁儿童的电视和视频游戏习惯两年后对他们的影响，这说明这项研究追踪了技术的影响随时间变化，故D 项正确。

【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：然而，玩电子游戏并没有被认为会导致更大的友谊或情感问题的风险。

A. connection连接；B. power力量；C. promotion提升；D. risk风险。

根据空后的“of friendship or emotional problems”可知此处指“友谊或情感问题的风险”，故D项正确。

【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：那么我们孩子的屏幕时间应该是多少呢？由于不同的孩子在网上花费时间的。