15版导与练中考总复习英语外研版教材梳理课件八年级(下)Modules3～4

by doing的用法
【归纳】 by doing意为“通过某种方式”,用how来提问。如:
—How do you exercise every day? —I get exercise by taking a walk every day.
——你每天怎么锻炼?
——我每天通过散步来锻炼身体。
【拓展】 by的其他用法: 1.与动作执行者连用,意为“由;被”,常用于被动语态中。如: This novel is written by Alice Munro.这部小说是Alice Munro写的。 2.by+时间,意为“到……时(为止);不迟于……”,常用于将来时或完成时。如: We have raised 10 thousand dollars by the end of last week.到上周末为止, 我们已经筹集到了10 000美元。 3.by+交通工具,意为“乘;坐”,后接名词,且不用冠词。如: He goes to school by bus.他坐公共汽车去上学。 4.by+位置,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。如: The old man is sitting by the fire. 那位老人坐在炉火旁边。 5.常用词组 by the way顺便说一下 by oneself靠某人自己 by mistake错误地 go by(指时间)过去;逝去
since
异
【题组训练】 1.He Luzhou for three months. (2013泸州) A.has left B.has come to C.has gone to D.has been away from 2.—The local living conditions (条件)have improved a lot China set up the city of Sansha. —And more and more people would like to go there for business.(2013宜昌) A.before B.when C.since D.after 3.—Do you know Diaoyu Island? —Sure.It China since ancient times. (2014咸宁) A.belongs to B.belonged to C.has belonged to D.is belonging to 答案:1.D 2.C 3.C
答案:1.earth 2.environment 3.discovered 4.astronauts 5.health 6.exercise 7.taking 8.sleepy 9.daily 10.illness 11.weak
1.What...up to?询问某人在做什么。 ——你在忙什么呢? ——我刚为学校课题制作了一个宇宙飞船模型。 — are you ? —I’ve just made a model spaceship for our school project. 2.询问某人是否已经做了某事 ——它到了吗? ——是的,已经到了。 — it arrived ? —Yes,it has arrived . 3.That’s why...那就是……的原因。 这就是你为什么肚子痛的原因。 you’ve got a stomach ache. 答案:1.What;up to 2.Has;yet;already 3.That’s why
no one
【题组训练】 1. was late for the important meeting yesterday. B.Noo one
2.I turned to bookshops and libraries looking for information and found A.none 答案:1.A 2.A . (2014武汉) B.both C.one D.neither
none/no one辨析
【归纳】
词条 用法 既可指人也可指物,常暗示一定范围,因此 通常与表示范围的of短语连用 none 作主语时,谓语可以是单数,也可以是复数 none与数量有关,可回答how many引导的疑 问句,表示“一个也没有” no one(=nobody)只能指人,不能与of短语 连用。 no one表示“没有人”,可回答who引导的 疑问句。 例句 I like none of them. 它们中我一个 也不喜欢。 None of us enjoy(s) getting up early.我们中没人喜欢早起。 —How many people are there in that room?—None.——那个房间里有 几个人?——一个也没有。 No one has been to Mars yet. 还没 有人去过火星。 —Who was late today? —No one.— —今天谁迟到了?——谁也没有迟到。
have been to/have gone to/have been in辨析 【归纳】
have been to have gone to have been in
曾经去过某地表示现在人已回来了。常与just, ever,never连用;也可跟once,twice,three times 等表示次数的词连用。 去了某地,表示到了某地或正在去的途中。总之,说 话时人不在现场,多用于第三人称。 已经在某地,表示在某地待了多长时间,常与表示一 段时间的状语连用。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
到达,抵达 发现;找到 没有一人;没有一个 (事情)办不到的,不可能的 不健康的;有病的 自……以来 困的;想睡的 每天的;天天的
答案: 1.reach 2.discover 3.none 4.impossible 5.ill 6.since 7.sleepy 8.daily
already/yet辨析 【归纳】 词条 already 用法 多用于肯定句,意为 “已经;早已” 多用于否定句、疑问 句,意为“还、尚”。 例句 We’ve already had the exam. 我们已考过试了。 Have you heard from your sister yet? 你收到你姐姐的信了吗? I haven’t seen the movie yet. 我还没看过那部电影。
since/for辨析
【归纳】
同
引导表示一段时间的短语或从句时,可以互换;对其提 问都用how long
作连词,引导时间状语从句;从句 常用一般过去时,主句常用现在 完成时或现在完成进行时 作介词,后跟表示时间点的词或 词组 for for后跟时间段,表示时间的持续, 句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词
【题组训练】 1.Julie’s father to London last month.He there three times. (2013连云港) A.went;had gone B.has gone;has been C.went;has been D.has been;had gone 2.—Why are you worried? —I’m expecting a call from my daughter.She New York for three days. (2013常州) A.has gone to B.has been to C.has been in D.has come in 3.—Liu Ming,is that our head teacher Miss Chen over there? —It can’t be her.She Xiamen for a meeting. (2014 福州) A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been away 答案:1.C 2.C 3.B
11.take sb.’s
根据短文意思和首字母提示完成单词。 Population is a big problem of the world.The population of the world is increasing larger and larger,perhaps one day there will be not enough room for people to live on the 1.e .What should we do? Is there another planet which has the similar 2.e to the earth?Yes,there is.It is Mars.But we haven’t 3.d life on it.The scientists are now working hard to send 4.a to Mars one day. Another problem is that more and more people are not in good 5.h .They eat too much fast food and 6.e less.They spend a lot of time in front of computers instead of 7.t part in sports,so they often feel 8.s when they are at work.If we take 9.d exercise,we’ll stay away from 10.i . We won’t feel awful or 11. w any more.Let’s do sports and enjoy life.
yet
【题组训练】 1.—Why is Mr.Yang still in the teachers’ office? —Maybe he A.doesn’t finish his work yet. (2013凉山)
B.hasn’t finished
C.haven’t finished 2.—Is Richard still living here? —No,he A.had moved C.will move 答案:1.B 2.D to Paris already. (2014绵阳) B.moved D.has moved
疾病与健康 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
答案:1.cough
咳嗽 发烧;发热 头痛 牙痛 感冒 健康
2.fever 3.headache
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
4.toothache5.cold
虚弱的 疾病 胃痛;腹痛 感到不舒服 量某人的体温 健康状况很好
6.health
7.Weak 8.illness 9.stomach ache 10.feel awful temperature 12.in excellent condition
Ⅰ.寻求帮助(Asking for help) 1.—Can you help me? —Sure,no problem. 2.—How can I get the information on space? —You can go online to search for information. 3.What should I do? Ⅱ.看医生(Seeing the doctor) 1.—What’s wrong/the matter/trouble with you? —I feel ill./I have a cold. 2.—How long have you been like this? —Since Friday. 3.—When did it start? —It started two days ago. 4.Have you taken your temperature? 5.I’ll give you some medicine.Take it three times a day.