(全国用)18年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习2科普知识课件

语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文，说明了防御性悲观的积极力量，防御性悲观主义是一种
管理恐惧、焦虑和担心的策略。防御性悲观者为自己设定较低的结果，他们仔细考虑可 能出现的问题并计划处理这些问题的办法，这给了他们一种控制感。
语篇解读
1.What’s the passage mainly about? A.A book that has recently been published. B.How to become successful in life. C.The dangers of being too optimistic. D.The benefits of defensive pessimism. √
‘Aha！’ moment to us.”
Besides the chemical changes，showering may give you a break from
what you feel you have been stuck with.Especially when you have thought
that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new
ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than
at work.So why does a simple shower have such magic power？Science
can explain it.
Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine，a hormone(荷尔蒙)
closely related to our creativity.“People vary in terms of their level of
But you may be misguided because things don’t turn out for the best.You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example，you may fail to
creativity according to the activity of dopamine ， ” explained Alice
Flaherty，a famous American neuroscientist.“Taking a warm shower can
make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring
专题一Βιβλιοθήκη 阅读理解第三节题组训练
题组2 科普知识
A
(2017· 甘肃甘谷二中一模) Are you an optimist？Do you look at your glass and see it as half full？Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best？Do you believe that if something is meant to be，it will be？If you reply “yes” to all of these questions，then you are an optimist.You probably are enthusiastic，cheerful and outgoing.You may be successful at work and in love.
low outcomes for themselves.They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems.And this gives them a sense of wrence Sanno ， a psychology professor ， says ， “What’s interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people，so their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic.They use it to motivate themselves to perform better.” So far ， so good.This is not rocket science.Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong，whether at work， on date or even in a sports game.It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution.For example，“Don’t
showering can also benefit your mind?
A research by Scott Barry Kaufman，a psychologist from Yale University
in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world.It turned out
obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon) .Wrong.When one door
closes，another door slams(砰然关上) in your face.That’s bitter reality. Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者) have suspected all along.It’s called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism.Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results.Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear， anxiety and worry.Defensive pessimists prepare for t h e t h i n g s b y s e t t i n g
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist.Don’t feel bad if you see
the glass half empty.You are a realist.But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
可知作者是个现实主义者。故C正确。
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2
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解析
答案
B
(2017· 吉林长春外国语学校期中) Showers can be relaxing.You can hum a song，daydream or think about
nothing ， leaving the real world behind you.But did you know that
hard all day about a problem，jumping into the shower can keep you from
the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories.
In this way，according to American psychologist Shelley H.Carson， author of Your Creative Brain，“a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation(孵化) period’ for your ideas.” Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds，but it needn’t just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration.For instance，Gertrude Stein，a female American writer and poet，got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her.So try to create your own way to free your mind，whether it’s a walk near the ocean，a country drive or reading a book at home.
put all your eggs in one basket.” And “Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good.But listen to what Woody Alien，the American comedian says，“Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”
解析
细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的 “There are many sayings in
English urging caution.For example，‘Don’t put all your eggs in one
basket.’”可知该谚语表示做事要谨慎，与防御性悲观者观点一致，故A
项符合。
解析
主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出了人乐观一点会更好，接着主要讨
论了要做一个防御性悲观者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充
分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。那样才能有更好的结果。故D正确。
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解析
答案
2.The underlined sentence in Para.4 means A.it’s not a dangerous thing to do B.it is quite simple to understand √ C.the cost is not so high D.there is no real proof 解析
.
句意理解题。谚语“This is not rocket science.”中的rocket science
指困难的事情，难以理解的事情。本句话的意思就是指这很好理解。故B
正确。
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解析
答案
3.Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe? A.Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. √ B.The glass is half full not half empty. C.Whatever will be，will be. D.Every cloud has a silver lining.
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解析
答案
4.The writer would probably describe himself as A.an optimist C.a realist √ 解析 B.a defeatist D.a scientist
.
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“当上帝关上一扇门的时候，他会为
你打开另外一扇门。但是实际上并不是总是如此。”再接合最后一段内容