沉淀池中淤泥深度和水位测量方法的研究

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of sediment basins.With the curVe model,we
only need measure a few points when measuring,
aIld we
can
calculate the silt dept of whole p001 at any position.Under the supporting of curve
pu叩ose of inlpr0Ving
the e伍ciency of desilting.TIlis topic analyzed theoretical of sediment deposition process detailed,and derived the cuⅣe model of silt deposition interfIace on the baSis of the idealized model
aIld measuring principle of ultraSonic.
This thesis described the design of measurement system in detail,whoes
core
is the
microcomputer.The measurement system included silt d印th meas皿ng section and water leVel measurement section,they all included ultrasouIld trimsmitter'ultrasonic receiVer,controling
本课题的研究将会有助于沉淀池中淤泥深度和水位的监测,从而提高工作效率。
关键词:淤泥深度;水位;沉淀池;超声波
II
Abs tract
TitIe:RESEARCH ON MEASUREMENT METHOD OF SlL_T DEPTH AND
WAlTER LEVEL IN SEDlMENT BASlNS
project will
contribute to moIlitor silt
d印n1 and
water 1eVel of
IlI
sediment
basins,t}lereby impmVe work e街ciency.
Key words:Silt
d印th;W-ateflevel;Sediment basins;Ultrasollic
2.6.4曲线拟合………………………………………………………………………一20 2.6.5结论及意义……………………………………………………………………..22 2.7本章小结………………………………………………………………………………24 3超声波测量原理…………………………………………………………………………….25 3.1超声波理论……………………………………………………………………………25 3.1.1超声场…………………………………………………………………………..25
sediment,so it is needed to make solid—liquid separate using sediment basins.In order to measure the volume of the deposition silt and clear water in sediment basins,a11d t0 eliminate
4.9显示电路………………………………………………………………………………47
1.3课题主要研究内容…………………………………………………………………….3 1.4本章小结………………………………………………………………………………..4
2沉淀池沉积淤泥界面曲线……………………………………………………………………5 2.1平流式沉淀池………………………………………………………………………….6 2.2河水的含泥沙量及沙样组成………………………………………………………….6
3.1.2超声波的物理特征……………………………………………………………..26 3.2超声波换能器………………………………………………………………………...27 3.2.1压电式超声波换能器的基本结构及工作原理………………………………..27
3.2.2压电式超声波换能器的等效电路……………………………………………..28 3.3脉冲回波法……………………………………………………………………………28 3.4测量方案……………………………..……………………………………………….29 3.5本章小结………………………………………………………………………………30 4测量系统的硬件设计……………………………………………………………………….3 l 4.1超声波换能器类型的选择……………………………………………………………3l 4.2系统总体结构框图……………………………………………………………………32 4.3控制部分………………………………………………………………………………32 4.4选通门的设计…………………………………………………………………………33 4.5水位测量电路…………………………………………………………………………34
sludge in the sediment baSins promptly,we need to monitor silt depth and water level of
sediment basins.
In order to help measuring me whole pool silt d印th a11d achieve the
4.5.1
40kHz超声波发射电路………………………………………………………..34
西安理工大学硕士学位论文
4.5.2 40kHz超声波接收电路………■……………………………………………..36
4.5.3温度补偿………………………………………………………………………..38 4.6测淤泥方案一…………………………………………………………………………39

IV
目录
目 录
1绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1课题的背景及意义…………………………………………………………………….1
1.2国内外沉淀池淤泥界面及水位检测技术的研究现状……………………………….1
1.2.1淤泥界面检测技术………………………………………………………………1 1.2.2液位检测技术……………………………………………………………………2 1.2.3超声波界面检测技术的发展现状………………………………………………3

jf,
பைடு நூலகம்
摘要
论文题目:沉淀池中淤泥深度和水位测量方法的研究 学科专业:精密仪器及机械
研究生:曹亚猛
签名:
指导教师:高宗海教授
签名:
摘要
在众多的引水工程中,水中的泥沙含量比较多,因此需要用沉淀池对其进行固 液分离。为了测量沉淀池中沉积淤泥的体积和澄清水的体积,并达到及时排除沉淀
池中沉积淤泥的目的,需要监测池中的淤泥深度和水位。
2.2.1河水的含泥沙量…………………………………………………………………6
2.2.2沙样组成…………………………………………………………………………6
213泥沙颗粒的受力分析………………………………………………………………….8
2.4泥沙颗粒的静水沉速………………………………………………………………….9
4.7.2 LMl812工作原理………………………………………………………………43 4.7.3 200kHz超声波发射电路………………………………………………………。44 4.7.4 200kHz超声波接收电路……………………………………………………….46
4.8两种测淤泥方案的对比………………………………………………………………47
文中详细讲述了以单片机为核心的测量系统的设计,该测量系统的设计包括淤泥深
度测量和液位测量两部分,每一部分均包括超声波发射、超声波接收、控制、显示 以及温度补偿等。在硬件设计方面,首先采用多种方案进行实验,通过对比每种方 案的优缺点,最终选择最佳方案。最后对系统进行了整体调试,并通过实验初步证
明了系统的可行性。
4.6。l 200kHz超声波发射电路………………………………………………………40
4.6.2 200kHz超声波接收电路………………………………………………………40
4.7 LMl812构成的测淤泥方案二………………………………………………………42
4.7.1 LMl812芯片介绍………………………………………………………………42
Major:
PrecjsiOn Instrument&MechaniSm
IUame:
Yameng CAO
Signatu陀:
SuperVisor: PrOf_Zonghai GAO
Slgnatu陀:
AbStraCt
In many diVersion
projects,Wrater resources coming&om me river,and containing a lot of
为了协助测量整个池中淤泥的深度并达到提高清淤效率的目的,本课题对沉淀池中的 淤泥沉积过程进行了详细的理论分析,在理想化的沉淀池模型的基础上推导出了淤泥沉积 界面的曲线模型。在曲线模型的辅助作用下,我们每次只需测量池中几个点的淤泥深度,
便能计算出整个池中淤泥的总体积。
本文采用了超声波技术来实现沉淀池中淤泥深度和水位的测量,文中介绍了超声 波的基本理论及测量原理,并对超声波测量的原理和方法进行了分析。
section,display and
temper栅e compensation,etc.In the aSpects of hardware design,firstly,
used mally kinds of methods to ca玎y on the experiment,through contrasts the adVantages and disadVantages of each plaIl,choosed t11e preferred plaIl ultimately.Finally,I debugged the whole system,a11d preliminary proVed the feasibility of this system by some simple experiment. The researCh of mis
model,we can calculate the total Volume ofthe entire pOol of silt aS long aS we only meaSure the depth ofthe
pool of sludge at seVeral points eVeU time.
2.4.1球体沉速公式……………………………………………………………………9
2.4.2非球体沉速公式…………………………………………………………………9
2.5准静水沉降法…………………………………………………………………………11 2.6淤泥沉积界面曲线模型………………………………………………………………12 2.6.1河水含泥沙量的沿程变化……………………………………………………..12 2.6.2淤泥沉积速度…………………………………………………………………..1 6 2.6.3淤泥深度的计算………………………………………………………………..1 7
In this t11esis,we adopted the ultraSollic teclmology to realize the measurement of silt
depm a11d water 1eVel in sediment basins。This thesis introduced a11d analyzed t11e b戚c t11eo巧
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