跨文化交际第一册作业

二 英语多从句，汉语多分句
English : tree-like sentence Structure(树式结构)
Chinese ：bamboo-like sentence Structure（竹式结构）
example
• 从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户 人家，这十户人家全靠打渔、种地为 生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。
• 原文：人不犯我，我不犯人。 • 译文：We will not attack unless we are attacked. • 原文：打肿脸充胖子，吃亏的是自己。 • 译文：If you get beyond your depth ,you will suffer.
• 原文：种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 • 译文：As you sow, so you will reap.
Hypotactic Structure(形合)
• Hypotaxis means dependent relation or construction. • A hypotactic structure is the construction of sentences or clauses through linguistic forms,which may include conjuctions, adverbs, prepositioal phrases, etc.
Especially 关联词
• Even if you go there, there won’t be any result. 原译：即使你去了也不会有什么结果。 改译1：你去了也不会有什么结果。 改译2：你去也白去。 • The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. 原译：风如此之大，以致他发现站住脚很困难。 改译：风太大了，他感到很难站稳。
Hypotactic vs. Paratactic
• 我国著名语言学家王力先生曾说过：“就 句子的结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中 国语言是人治的。” • 英语句子结构严谨周密，表现手法上注意 组织性、逻辑性，反映英美人ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ的思维方 式和风格。而汉语行文讲究“形散而神不 散”，句子结构连接较松散，主谓宾没有 形式标定，主谓之间关系松散。
• The chunks of a sentence seem to be connected and yet separated, like sections of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and self-contained.
书 给我买的书 我姐姐给我买的书 我过生日时我姐姐给我买的书 那是我过生日时我姐姐给我买的书
We have learned…
• This is the cat. • This is the cat that killed the rat. • This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. • This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. • This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
• 原文：亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。 • 译文：It is not too late to mend the fold even after some sheep have been lost. • 原文：不到黄河不死心。 • 译文：Until all is over ,ambition never dies. • 原文：你死了，我就做和尚。(《红楼梦》) • 译文：If you are dead, I will be a monk.
Cultural Differences on Syntactic Level 中英文句法差异
What is Syntax（句法）?
• Syntax • the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. • Simply put ,syntax is the way sentences and phrases are built.
五 英语多长句，汉语多短句
example
• He who does not advance falls backwarad. • 不进则退 • Those who sleep with dogs will wake up with fleas. 近墨者黑。
六 英语多替代，汉语多重复
• 这是英语和汉语的一个重要差异： 英语重替代（即多用代词，包括人 称代词、指示代词、不定代词和关 系代词，还有表示替代的词so, do）；汉语重重复，重复现象比比 皆是。
八 英语重主语，汉语重主题
● “那狗黄毛，黑眼圈，长身材，
细高腿，特别地凶猛，要咬住人， 不见点血腥味儿，决不撒嘴。” ● “王亦东，推了自行车进了门， 瞧见李贵在刷油漆，他的老伴儿， 陪在一旁给打扇子，真是从心眼里 羡慕。”
一 英语重形合，汉语重意合
• Paratactic Structure(意合) Parataxis means the arranging of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them. A paratactic structure is the connstruction of sentences or clauses through semantic ties rather than connective words
• 这就是那只猫。 • 这就是那只捉住了老 鼠的猫。 • ---老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 • ---老鼠偷吃了放在屋 里的蛋糕。 • ------屋子是杰克盖的。
四 英语多被动，汉语多主动
example
• The good idea was raised by our monitor. • 这个好主意是我们班长提出来的 • Please be seated. • 请坐。
枯藤，老树，昏鸦， 小桥，流水，人家。 古道，西风，瘦马。 夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 Crows hovering over rugged old trees wreathed with , rotten wine----the day is about done , Yonder is a tiny bridge over a sparkling stream, and on the far bank, a pretty little village. But the traveler has to go on down this ancient road , the west wind moaning , his bony horse groaning , trudging towards the sinking sun , farther and farther away from home. Analysis:Chinese : imagitation, it's something beyond words(只可意会不可言传） English : direct , clear
Examples review
• 我们的民族是一个伟大的民族。 Ours is a great nation/ our nation is great one. • 革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 Revolution means the emancipation of the productive force, and so does reform. • 你答应了帮他就应当帮助他。 You should help him since you promised to do so.
三 英语多前重心，汉语多后重心 狮子型和孔雀型
• • • •
This is This is the book This is the book that my sister gave me This is the book that my sister gave me on my birthday
七 英语多静态，汉语多动态
• 英语叙述呈静态,汉语叙述呈动态。汉 语倾向于多用动词，而英语则倾向于 多用名词、介词短语、形容词等等。 • 所以，在英译汉时，要注意从静态到 动态的转化，而汉译英时则相反。
英语介词译成汉语动词
• • • • He walked around the house with a gun. 他拿着枪，绕着屋子走。 He is a man above vulgar interests. 他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人。
英语adj/adv译成汉语动词
• The rocketing price of housing has tremendously dampened the enthusiasm of potential house buyer. • 房价飙升，严重挫伤了潜在购房者的积极 性。 • What film will be on this evening? • 今晚放什么电影？