综合教程大学英语4课本译文及课后答案

综合教程⼤学英语4课本译⽂及课后答案
《⼤学英语4 》复习⾃整理
2017年6⽉20⽇
柏映⽻
版权所有，请勿翻印
第⼀单元MAN AND NATURE
⼀．TEXTA（P4-7）
课⽂翻译：
⼈在⾃然界
亚历⼭⼤?斯伯⾦
1 ⼈类⽣活在⼤⾃然的王国⾥。

他们时刻被⼤⾃然所包围并与之相互影响。

⼈类呼吸的空⽓、喝下的⽔和摄⼊的⾷物，⽆⼀不令⼈类时刻感知到⼤⾃然的影响。

我们与⼤⾃然⾎⾁相连，离开⼤⾃然，我们将⽆法⽣存。

2 ⼈类不仅⽣活在⼤⾃然之中，同时也在改变着⼤⾃然。

⼈类把⾃然资源转变为各种⽂化、社会历史的财富。

⼈类降服并控制了电，迫使它为⼈类社会的利益服务。

⼈类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的⽓候环境下，也改变了他所⽣活环境的地貌和⽓候，并使动植物因之⽽发⽣转变。

3 随着社会的发展，⼈类对⼤⾃然的直接依赖越来越少，⽽间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先⽣活在⼤⾃然的威胁及破坏⼒的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的⽣活物资都⽆法获取。

然⽽，尽管⼯具不甚完备，他们却能同⼼协⼒，顽强⼯作，并总是有所收获。

在与⼈类的相互作⽤中，⼤⾃然也发⽣了改变。

森林被破坏了，耕地⾯积增加了。

⼤⾃然及其威⼒被看成是和⼈类敌对的东西。

譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令⼈恐惧的，因此⼈类便想⽅设法使其⾯积缩⼩。

这⼀切都是打着“⽂明”的旗号进⾏的，所谓“⽂明”，就是指⼈类在那些地⽅建⽴了家园，那些地⽅的⼟地得以耕耘，那⾥的森林已被砍伐。

4 然⽽，随着岁⽉的流逝，⼈类越来越关注的是在何处以及如何得到⽣产所需的不可替代的⾃然资源的问题。

科学与⼈类改变⼤⾃然的实践活动已经使⼈类意识到了⼯业在改变地球的进程中对地质产⽣的重⼤影响。

5 ⽬前，⼈与⾃然以及⾃然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。

⽣物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为严重。

⼈类和社会的需求，即便是像淡⽔⼀样的物质，也变得越来越难以满⾜。

清除⼯业废物的问题也变得⽇益复杂。

6 现代技术的特征是⽣产和使⽤⽇益丰富的⼈⼯合成产品。

⼈们⽣产成千上万种⼈⼯合成材料。

⼈们越来越多地⽤尼龙和其他⼈造纤维把⾃⼰从头到脚包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们⽆益。

年轻⼈或许很少注意到这⼀点，他们更关注的是外表，⽽不是健康。

但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。

7 久⽽久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不⼤的物质在⾃然循环中变为极其有害的物质。

⾃然科学家和哲学家如今都在问⾃⼰这样⼀个问题：⼈类对⽣物圈的破坏难道是⽆法避免的吗？
8 ⼈与⼤⾃然的关系——⽣态环境的危机——已经成为⼀个全球性问题。

这⼀问题的解决之道在于理性⽽明智地协调⽣产和对⼤⾃然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个⼈、企业或者某些国家的⼒量，⽽且要依靠全⼈类的⼒量。

解决⼈与⼤⾃然关系危机的⽅法之⼀，就是使⽤太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其他尚不为⼈所知的宇宙中的⾃然能。

9 但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令⼈难以接受的事实是那些违背了⾃然规律、破坏了⽣物圈和谐的⼈类⾏为将会带来灾难，⽽这种灾难也许是全球性的。

古代东⽅智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近⼤⾃然，⼤⾃然就会⽤那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！
⼆．选词填空（P19-20）
spark of consideration for your family, you wouldn't have taken so many stupid risks.
2) Due to the lack of an adequate labor force, even women in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines.
3) We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded, while others bare and wild.
4) The cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with his bare hands.
5) People in that area are already threatened with environmental destruction since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.
6) The auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year due to the improved working efficiency.
7) Under severe attack from enemy aircraft, the troops were forced to retreat from the front.
8) When I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses, I found that it had been killed with a spear tipped with poison.
9) He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a(n) miracle .
10) Survival of the Fittest is a(n) eternal truth of nature.
11) His heart sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails, memos and telephone messages on his desk.
12) The military government refused to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government.
13) In that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civil war, and there is a real danger of mass starvation.
14) Postal service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail, thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust.
15) With the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises, various kinds of financial disputes have emerged.
16) The earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life.
17) Deforesting and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environment.
18) It is reported that large quantities of beer are consumed, with almost 7 million liters served during the 16-day beer festival in Germany this year. 19) On a bitterly cold night, the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of a great tree.
1) Shortly after the government's new policy was put into effect, the economy of our country began to show signs of recovery.
2) We knew well what difficulties we had to cope with in bringing our work to a successful conclusion.
3) She lived in fear of getting injured and never participated in any violent sports games.
4) It looks like this snow will stop the food supplies and we shall be hungry for
a time, but we've no choice but to tough it out.
5) Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings, which has worsened our living environment.
6) In order to avoid possible infection by the unknown viruses, researchers are protected from head to foot with caps, face masks and white gowns.
7) Despite the warm weather the explorers searched out some snow on the northern slope and boiled it for drinking water.
8) Starting bare-handed, you have built up so many steel plants. This is nothing short of miraculous!
9) As yet we haven't felt the need for any extra hands, but it's only a matter of time.
10) While one cannot choose one's birthplace, one can certainly decide, based on what one has experienced, the best place to settle in.
11) Parents who spend time and money teaching their children music,take heart — a new Canadian study shows young children who take music lessons have better memories than their nonmusical peers.
第三部分翻译
1) The war went on for years, killing thousands upon thousands of people (夺去了成千上万⼈的⽣命).
2) The farmers used a new insecticide(杀⾍剂), thus raising the average yield by 15 percent (将平均产量提⾼了15%).
3) Einstein watched the toy in delight, trying to deduce its operating principle (想推导出它的运转原理).
4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book (看到⼤家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.
5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time (好久没有收到⽗母的来信了), he was worried about them.
6) The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished. (留下了未完成的项⽬).
7) Turning to the right (向右转弯), you will find a path leading to his cottage.
8) Not wanting to make the patient nervous (不想使病⼈紧张), the doctor did not explain the seriousness of his illness.
1) 这个村⼦离边境很近，村民们⼀直担⼼会受到敌⼈的攻击。

(live in fear of) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.
2) 这个国家仅⽤了20年的时间就发展成了⼀个先进的⼯业强国。

(transform) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.
3) 看到项⽬顺利完成，那些为此投⼊了⼤量时间和精⼒的⼈们都感到⾮常⾃豪。

(invest … in)
Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.
4) 鉴于⽬前的⾦融形势，美元进⼀步贬值(devalue)是不可避免的。

(inevitable) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.
5) 现在的汽车太多了，这个地区的道路⼏乎⽆法应对当前的交通状况。

(cope with)
There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.
6) 天⽓没有出现好转的迹象，所以政府号召我们做好防洪的准备。

(show signs of; call upon)
The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.
7) 那场车祸以后爱丽丝⼗⼏年卧床不起，所以她的康复真是⼀个奇迹。

(nothing short of)
Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.
8) 这些同学对世界杯⼗分关注，每天⾄少花两个⼩时看⽐赛的现场直播。

(be concerned about; at least)
The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.
9) 托马斯说他家半个多世纪前就在佛罗⾥达定居了。

(settle in)
Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.
10) 寻求他⼈的帮助，别⾃⼰⼀个⼈扛着。

我很早就吸取了这个教训。

(tough it out)
Ask for help. Don't tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.
⼈类⽣活在⼤⾃然的王国⾥。

他们不仅是⼤⾃然的居民，也是⼤⾃然的改造者。

随着社会的进步和经济的发展，⼈们对⼤⾃然的直接依赖越来越少，⽽对其间接的依赖却越来越多。

⼈类与⼤⾃然⾎⾁相连，谁都⽆法⽣存于⼤⾃然之外。

然⽽，⼈与⾃然之间原来存在的动态平衡已经出现崩溃的迹象。

⼈⼝爆炸、⽣态失衡、资源匮乏等问题已成为阻碍⼈类社会进⼀步发展的主要因素。

斯伯⾦教授认为，要解决这⼀问题，⼈类唯⼀的选择就是明智地协调好⽣产和对⼤⾃然的关爱之间的关系。

Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.
Human beings are connected with nature b y “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic
balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.
第⼆单元MAN AND TECHNOLOGY
⼀．TEXTA（P30-35）
课⽂翻译：
技术与幸福
詹姆斯?萨洛维奇
1 20世纪的美国⼈、欧洲⼈和东亚⼈都享受到了过去历代⼈都⽆法想象的物质和技术
进步带来的乐趣。

譬如，在美国，从1950年到2000年国民⽣产总值翻了3倍。

⼈们
的寿命⼤幅度提⾼。

⼆战后⽣产⼒的迅速发展使商品变得价廉物美。

诸如乘飞机旅游和
打长途电话等曾经是奢侈的事情成了⽣活不可或缺的⼀部分。

尽管美国⼈⼯作起来格外
卖⼒，他们照样追求娱乐，并已把传媒和消遣变成了拥有数⼗亿美元资产的⾏业。

2 那么，根据⼤多数标准衡量，你会说，现在的美国⼈⽐上个世纪中叶富裕多了。

不
过，奇怪的是，如果你问美国⼈有多幸福，你会发现，他们并不⽐1946年时幸福（1946
年正式开始对幸福状况进⾏调查）。

事实上，那些说⾃⼰“⾮常幸福”的⼈所占的⽐例⾃20世纪70年代以来⼀直稳中有降——尽管20世纪40年代出⽣的⼈的收⼊在他们的⼯作⽣涯中平均增长了116％。

你可以在⼤多数发达国家找到相似的数据。

3 ⾃⼯业⾰命开始以来，幸福与技术之间的关系⼀直是社会批评家和哲学家们长期研究的课题，然⽽，基本上还没有受到经济学家和社会学家们的关注。

经济学家理查德?伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系⽅⾯进⾏了具有开拓性的研究，并于1974年发表了⼀篇题为“经济增长改变⼈类命运吗？”的著名论⽂。

伊斯特林表明，就发达国家⽽⾔，⼀个国家的收⼊和国民的幸福之间没有真正的相互关系。

伊斯特林认为，⾦钱买不到幸福，⾄少在（⾦钱）达到了⼀定程度以后是如此。

伊斯特林认为，尽管贫穷与苦难密不可分，但是，⼀个国家⼀旦达到稳定的中产接济⽔平，富有似乎并没有让其国民感到更多的幸福。

4 这好像⼏乎是⼀种普遍现象。

实际上，研究幸福的学者们最重要的观点之⼀是：⼈们对好消息很快便习以为常。

拿彩票中奖者为例。

⼀项重要的研究表明，尽管买彩票中奖的⼈中奖时会感到⾮常⾮常幸福，可这种兴奋很快就消逝了。

⼀段时间之后，他们的⼼情和幸福感与中奖之前没有什么两样。

5 ⼈们对待技术的态度也是⼀样的：⽆论⼀种新事物多么引⼈注⽬，也⽆论它使我们的⽣活变得多么舒适，⼈们都认为这是理所当然的事情。

在技术世界，你每天都会看到这⼀原则起作⽤。

曾经⼀度被视为⾮常神奇的东西很快就变得习以为常，更糟的是，当这些东西运转不正常时，还会令⼈沮丧。

要把新技术问世之前的情形牢记在⼼原来是如此困难！
6 那么，我们对技术进步的快速吸收是否意味着技术没有发挥什么作⽤呢？不，决⾮如此。

不论好⽍，这只是把技术影响的问题变得更加复杂。

我们先从负⾯影响谈起。

在某些⽅⾯，技术显然使得⽣活更加糟糕了。

譬如，我们马上会想到话推销、交通阻塞以及⾝份资料失窃等情况。

这些都是让⼈们明显意识到不幸福的现象。

可是，现代的技术评论⽂章多半都没有把焦点集中在具体的、有害的技术上，⽽是集中在了技术对⼈际关系的影响上。

7 在互联⽹数据库世界⾥，隐私变得越来越脆弱。

在许多⼯作场所，诸如按键监控和电话全程录⾳之类的技术使得对员⼯的监视变得更加容易。

⼈们对电视的攻击主要集中在以下⽅⾯：技术扰乱了⼈际关系、破坏了社区交往。

⼀些⼈甚⾄说，电视是美国⼈逐
渐相互疏远的罪魁祸⾸。

同样也有⼈认为，互联⽹的负⾯影响进⼀步使⼈远离了我们常说的“真实世界”。

8 这种⼴义上关于技术影响⼈际关系的批评颇有趣味，尤与幸福的问题相关，因为我们真正有把握说清楚的事情没有⼏件，但其中之⼀是：⼈们的朋友越多，关系越密切，就越幸福。

9 今天的技术变化异常神速，购买某种产品时你就知道，再过⼏个⽉，⽐这个产品性能更好、运作更快的款式就会问世，⽽你却还得使⽤旧款式的产品。

换句话说，别⼈买到的产品要⽐你的好。

这种失望感仿佛从开始购买这件产品时就已经存在了。

10 ⽇常⽣活的压⼒，⼀种令⼈烦恼的失望感、对政府知道你的情况超出你所希望程度的恐惧感——这些显然都是技术降低了⼈们幸福感的⼏个⽅⾯。

然⽽，技术对⼈们的幸福感最重要的影响是在医疗保健⽅⾯。

⼯业⾰命以前，每三个欧洲⼈就有两个的寿命不⾜30岁。

今天，西欧妇⼥的寿命差不多是80岁，⽽且还会继续提⾼。

道理很清楚：绝⼤多数⼈很乐意活下去，他们在地球上⽣活的时间越长，感觉就越好。

可是，不久前，绝⼤多数⼈还过着龌龊不堪、畜⽣般的⽣活，⽽且⽣命⾮常短暂。

技
术改变了这种状况，⾄少对于富裕国家的⼈们来说是如此。

我们在该为医疗保健费⽤的提⾼和没有参加保险的⼈们的问题⽽担忧的同时，也应该记住，医疗技术带给我们⾝体上和精神上的好处是多么有价值。

11 从更深的层次上说，我们在健康和长寿⽅⾯所取得的进步却强调了在国家和全球层⾯讨论幸福问题的⼀个⾃相⽭盾的说法。

即使⼈们不会更幸福，即使他们更加富裕并拥有更多技术，他们还会像以前那样渴望长寿。

这就像那个古⽼的笑话⼀样：⾷品也许并不好，可我们都想让⾃⼰得到的那⼀份尽量⼤些。

⼆．选词填空（P46-48）
productivity increases.
2)Private space travel is a relatively new phenomenon. It's difficult at the moment to assess its effects.
3)All of us need to build up relationships with others unless we choose to live in complete isolation from the outside world.
4)Since sending her child to the kindergarten, she has been delighted to see a(n) gradual change in the boy's character; he seems less self-centered now.
5)As an active environmentalist(环境保护主义者), Davis has earned a reputation as an outspoken opponent of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea.
6)Quills(⽻⽑笔) were the chief writing tool from the 6th century until the advent of steel pens in the mid 19th century.
7)Do you think it will ever be possible to alter human genetic code in order to produce the “perfect” human being?
8)In the end her sheer competence and professionalism won universal respect within and out of the government.
9)His political views are rather extreme; I hate to discuss anything with him.
10) The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty after a couple of hours.
11) The consumer boom of the 1980s led to an explosion of shopping centre development in big cities around the country.
12) You shouldn't use “Yours faithfully” — it's too formal for this kind of personal letter.
13) According to a(n) survey among 1000 residents, garbage collection service in the city is far from satisfactory.
14) The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.
15) The technicians are working hard to modify the design of the new car to make it more competitive in the overseas market.
16) In my childhood memories, we were living a(n) rough but happy life, with no luxuries to speak of.
第⼆⼩题（P48）
1) The two runners reached the finish line almost at the same time; who came in first was indistinguishable to the naked eye.
2) As a result of the recent financial collapse, many people are stuck with worthless investments.
3) The survey suggests that many college students don't know for certain what kind of job is suitable for them.
4) You can ask him again if you like, but it would make no difference — he will still say no to you.
5) The doctor explained that on average people who don't smoke are healthier than those who do.
6) I'm familiar with the operating system installed on the computer, but when it comes to repairing the machine I don't know a thing.
7) Although peasants in some areas are better off now, those in many other areas still live in poverty.
8) The new staff insisted that opportunities for promotion should be built into the work contract.
9) As they are discussing influential modern artists, three names immediately come to mind.
10) I don't know the exact number, but there are close to three million unemployed at present.
11) Considering the recent storms and landslides, I am certainly not in favor of an outing in this weather.
第三部分翻译
1) 虽然⾬下得很⼤，但他们仍然继续踢⾜球。

(though)
Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
2) 不管你忙不忙，你都要参加毕业典礼。

(whether)
You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.
3) ⽆论天⽓多么冷，她都敞着卧室的窗户。

(however)
She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.
4) 即使天⽓不好，我们也要做⼀次旅⾏。

(even if / though)
We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.
5) 不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。

(no matter who / whoever)
No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.
6) 这份⼯作虽然很艰难，但是他们决定接受下来。

(as)
Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.
7) ⽆论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为我是错的。

(no matter what)
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I'm wrong.
8) 不管我什么时候问她问题，她似乎都有现成的答案。

(whenever / no matter when)
She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question.
1) 他的确懂得很多理论，但是，⼀碰到实际⼯作就显得⾮常⽆知。

(when it comes to)
He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.
2) 最新调查表明，⼤多数市民⽀持政府再建⼀个新图书馆的计划。

(survey)
The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government's plan to build a new library.
3) 这两个国家之所以能够成功地达成科学技术合作协定是因为有利于他们进⾏合作的好⼏种因素⼀直在发挥作⽤。

(at work) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.
4) 我在上⼩学时就看过那部电影，可就是⼀时想不起它的名字来。

(come to mind)
I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won't come to mind for the moment.
5) 尽管每天平均⼯作约12个⼩时，他仍然陷于重重债务之中。

(on average; be stuck with)
He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.
6) 有必要知道他的⾝⾼吗？在我看来，这与他能否成为⼀个好的律师没有关系。

(not relevant to)
Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.
7) 橱柜被安装到墙⾥，既节约空间，⼜使⽤⽅便。

(build … into …)
The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.
8) 这些⼯⼈挣的钱⽐我们多，可话⼜说回来，他们的⼯作也危险得多。

(the other side of the coin)
These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous.
9) 海伦在⼤学⾥学的是经济学，与此同时她把哲学作为第⼆专业来学习。

(at the same time)
Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.
10) 重要的是你们要⾃⼰发现问题和解决问题，我是否到现场去⽆关紧要。

(make no difference)
What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.
⽬前，许多⼈都享受着过去历代⼈想象不到的物质和技术进步带来的好处。

随着科学技术的发展，⼈们的⽣活⽔平越来越⾼，寿命也⼤幅度提⾼。

然⽽，奇怪的是，许多⼈并不感到⽐以前幸福。

可见，⼈们的收⼊和幸福并⾮密切相关，毕竟幸福是⾦钱买不到的。

尽管⼤多数⼈对⽣活并不⼗分满意，可还是乐意活着。

他们在地球上⽣活的时间越长，感觉越好。

重要的是，仅在物质上富有是不够的，⼈们还需要精神上的幸福。

Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people's standard of living is getting higher and higher. People's life expectancy has soared, too.
However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people's income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.
Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they'll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.
第三单元FAME AND SUCCESS
⼀．TEXTA（P58-61）
课⽂翻译：
声誉
梅尔⽂?霍华兹
1 声誉极像⼀个追逐⾃⼰尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还能做什么。

声誉以及随之⽽来的名⽓迫使名⼈陷⼊穷途末路。

真有点讽刺意味，不是吗？
2 名⼈有名多因有⼀技之长，如唱歌、跳舞、绘画、写作等等。

成功的表演者展⽰出⼀种风格，获得声誉。

⽽且这种声誉常常使这位表演者确信，必须把这种风格发扬光⼤，因为这就是⼤众所需要和喜爱的。

可是随着时间的推移，如果歌⼿年复⼀年地⽤⽼调唱⽼歌，画师画千篇⼀律的风景或画像，演员反复饰演同⼀⾓⾊，他们势必都会感到厌烦。

由于公众的要求，艺⼈竟变成了⾃⼰功名的奴⾪。

倘若他或她想改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话，⼤众就会弃他⽽去，转⽽把那飘忽不定的声誉赐予他⼈，⼀段时间后再转给他⼈，这样不停地转下去。

3 ⼀个⼈有了名誉，就有了名⽓，就能赢得忠实的追捧者的⾼度关注，在任何领域都是这样。

⼀个表演者很容易相信，⾃⼰的成就当真和新闻报道的⼀样⼤。

可是⼤多数⼈、⼤多数艺⼈并没有得到美誉和财富。

那些失败的表演者⼜如何呢？其他任何⼀个失败者会⼜如何呢？奇怪的是，对许多⼈⽽⾔，失败往往就是对失败的回报！有些⼈对你表⽰怜悯，他们庆幸⾃⼰不是你。

你的亲朋好友也会降低对你的期望，使你不必去和那些⽐你有天赋并获得成功的⼈较量。

他们会找出种种借⼝来解释你不能功成名就的原因：你太敏感了呀；你对⾦钱没有兴趣呀；你对声誉所能带来的权利不感兴趣呀；因为声望要使你丧失隐私，所以你不感兴趣呀；等等。

所有这些都是借⼝，但对失败者或假装不在意⾃⼰失败的⼈来说，却是安慰。

4 历史充分证明，有些⼈在⼀⽣的某个时刻遭遇失败，的确能激发他们更加努⼒地追求成功，继续对⾃⼰充满信⼼。

美国⼩说家托马斯?沃尔夫的第⼀部⼩说《安琪⼉，往
家⾥看吧！》被退稿39次才得以出版，才使他开始了他的写作⽣涯并赢得了声誉。

贝多芬不屈服于他残暴、专横的⽗亲，还忍⽓吞声当过乐师，但终于克服⼀切，成为世界上最伟⼤、最著名的⾳乐家。

托马斯?爱迪⽣10岁左右，还在上四年级的时候就被赶出教室，因为在⽼师的眼⾥，他脑⼦笨，⼜不乖。

以失败为动⼒，奋发有为，成名成家的例⼦还有很多。

但遗憾的是，对⼤多数⼈来说，失败就是奋⽃的结束，⽽不是开始。

成名的失败事例即使有，也不多见。

5 那么，⼈们为什么要追求声誉呢？你追求声誉吗？你希望许多⼈都知道你、赞赏你吗？你想得到那些往往伴随声誉⽽来的⾦
钱吗你想要媒体注意你台上台下的⼀⾔⼀⾏吗？显⽽易见，在某些领域，出了名就意味着要成为那些不赞同你的⼈和诸多媒体的抨击⽬标。

声誉把你置于所有的灯光下，⼀边给你权利和威望，⼀边把你变得不像你：你必须成为⼤众⼼⽬中的你，⽽不能是那个真实的你或你可能成为的那个⼈。

但是，为什么⼈⼈都追求声誉呢？我想到了以下⼏个理由：为了在某些⽅⾯展⽰才华；为了赢得他⼈的敬仰和爱慕；为了成为⼈⼈谈论的⼈物；为了让亲朋好友看到你⽐他们想象得还要优秀。

也许你还能列出其他理由，但我觉得以上这些理由是相当普遍存在的。

6 对那些拼命追求声誉、财富和名望的⼈们，我想说：祝你们好运。

但是当你已经抓住了⾃⼰的尾巴，即成功和声誉之后，你打算怎么做呢？⼀直追逐下去吗？你若确已抓住了尾巴，那就舍命也不要松⼿。

我盼你们不久都功成名就，或近乎功成名就吧！
⼆．选词填空（P77-78）
1) There are always people who dream of making a(n) fortune from gambling, even though they know the chances are slim.
2) The inventor Thomas Edison was regarded as a(n) dull boy when he was young because he couldn't work out easy mathematical calculations.
3) The police had chased after the robbery suspect for about two days before they finally caught him in a deserted warehouse.
4) The local newspaper has launched a campaign to raise money for the girl who has caught a rare disease.
5) Rock climbing is attractive especially to young people because it is always accompanied with hardship and adventure.
6) The face value of the bill is one dollar, but its intrinsic value is nothing but that of a piece of paper.
7) Having won several championships in international matches recently, he currently ranks second among the world's professional tennis players.
8) There has been a great deal of publicity in the media about the campaign against genetically modified food.
9) The coach was relieved that Michael had recovered sufficiently from his knee injury and he was able to play in the semi-finals next week.
10) He has dropped his old bad-boy image and now portrays himself as something of an angel.
11) Due to its inefficiency, the cable TV company has become a frequent target of criticism from the public these days.
12) A few mirrors can transform a dark room, making it look larger and lighter instantly.
13) Earthquakes had destroyed their houses, so they had no choice but to live temporarily in the tents put up overnight.
14) The argument never ceased as to whether it was fair to cover celebrities' private lives in the mass media.
15) Kelly got a new job as a secretary, but two weeks later she became bored with the endless office chores; so she quit.
16) These two TV programs are both about news or current affairs, but they have attracted very different audiences in the United States.
17) Jane's parents held her in high regard and they supported her decision to be an actress.
18) When the results of the vote were announced, the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.
19) Scientists are unable to predict with accuracy when and where earthquakes will strike.
1) The teachers felt sorry for Nick, a former straight-A student, because he was thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.
2) You can do things for your health in the way of diet, exercise, good lifestyle, and so on.
3) As the ship began to turn to its one side, the horrified passengers all clung on to the other for dear life.
4) Many of the young girls I know set their sights on lofty goals and try very hard to accomplish what they aim at.。