05年北京师范大学 考博英语真题
05年10月考博英语A卷
05年10⽉考博英语A卷中国科学院博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试英语试卷2005年10⽉------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESOctober 2005PAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single baracross the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. Marine biologists are calling for Cardigan Bay to be redeveloped as a marine nature _______ to protect the dolphins.A. reservationB. rescueC. reserveD. refugee2. Police have planned a reconstruction of the crime tomorrow in the hope that thiswill ________ the memory of the passers-by.A. keepB. easeC. jogD. enhance3. Diamonds have little ________ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A. intricateB. intactC. intriguingD. intrinsic4. At the moment she is ________ the netball match between the Japanese team andthe Cuban team over at the playing field.A. arbitratingB. interveningC. refereeingD. deciding5. Any time ________, any period of waiting is because you haven't come and received the message.A. errorB. cutC. lackD. lag6. James Joyce was __________ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.A. salutedB. estimatedC. scaledD. measured7. As a moralist, Virginia Woolf works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, and calling values into question ______ asserting, advocating or bearing witness.A. rather thanB. other thanC. together withD. as well as8. Scientists hope the collision will produce a large crater in the comet’s surface in order to reveal the core and give some _________ to the origin of the solar system.A. sourcesB. interpretationsC. cluesD. observations9. The Japanese Prime Minister’s _________ is a seat on the UN Security Council, for which he will be lobbying at the summit.A. precedenceB. promiseC. priorityD. procedure10. This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growthwas ________ 12 percent.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in face ofD. in excess of11. How well a person __________ depends just as much on whether they’re self-confident as it does on particular skills and expertise.A. jumps outB. turns outC. covers upD. turns up12. The skin of the forest keeper _________ exposure to the harsh northwest weather.A.is tanned fromB.is colored fromC. is tainted byD. is encoded by13. The Court of Auditors of the EU is an _________ body and acts independently from all other institutions.A. indifferentB. imperativeC. impartialD. incoherent14. Since it is too late to change my mind, I am _________ to carrying out the plan.A. committedB. obligedC. engagedD. resolved15. The possibilities of an autumn election cannot be _________.A. struck outB. left outC. ruled outD. counted out16. Hotels and restaurants are an ____ part of the city; without them the city’s tourist industry cannot exist.A. insignificantB. integralC. interiorD. inevitable17. I reject any religious doctrine that does not _______ to reason and is in conflict with morality.A. applyB. appealC. attractD. attend18. There are three bodies of writing that come to _________ this question and wewill consider each in turn.A. bear onB. sort outC. figure outD. put on19. Success does not ________ in never making mistakes but in never making thesame one a second time.A. compriseB. conveyC. consistD. conform20. Thousands perished, but the Japanese wished to ________ the extent of the cruelacts committed by their soldiers.A. live up toB. mark downC. size upD. play downPART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen or something has already happened that needs ___21___. A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from ___22___ our own values. It serves a useful function. Here is a(n) ___23___: If a fire broke out in someone's home ___24___ faulty wiring, he would not be content with ___25___ putting out the fire. ___26___, he would have the house rewired. When we feel guilty about something, we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a ___27___.Unhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal with a situation. A person with___28___ self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways: ___29___ that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego; or experience the feeling as a ___30___ that he is just an unworthy person. An example involves the case of Mr. L. He has a ___31___ with Mr. Y and exchanges angry words. Later that day, Mr. Y gets sick. Mr. L may feel that he was the ___32___of Mr. Y's misfortune. Mr. L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his angry feelings caused the misfortune. This is irrational thinking and is ___33___ of pathological guilt.When people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision, the decision may ___34___ unfavorable consequences. Feeling distress and pain is normal. However, feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy. As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent, then the person remains morally right ___35___ having made the decision. There is no reason for guilt.21. A. connection B. correction C. recovery D. repetition22. A. underestimating B. displaying C. violating D. deteriorating23. A. hypothesis B. definition C. experiment D. analogy24. A. due to B. but for C. with D. under25. A. devotedly B. primarily C. timely D. merely26. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Anyway D. Consequently27. A. distress B. renewal C. conflict D. recurrence28. A. low B. exalted C. sincere D. much29. A. Imply B. Admit C. Deny D. Argue30. A. prescription B. communication C. confirmation D. perception31. A. contact B. disagreement C. relationship D. concern32. A. cause B. origin C. cure D. witness33. A. record B. proof C. evidence D. description34. A. attach to B. turn to C. lead to D. take to35. A. at B. in C. as D. forPART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then selectthe choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Markthe letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on yourMachine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneJeans were invented a little over a century ago and are currently the world's most popular, versatile garment, crossing boundaries of class, age and nationality. From their origins as pure workwear, th ey have spread through every level of the fashion spectrum, and are embraced internationally for their unmatched comfort and appeal.In the mid '40s, the Second World War came to an end, and denim blue jeans, previously worn almost exclusively as workwear, gained a new status in the U.S. and Europe. Rugged but relaxed, they stood for freedom and a bright future. Sported byboth men and women, by returning GI’s and sharp teenagers, they seem ed as clean and stron g as the people who chose to wear them. In Europe, surplus Levi's were left behind by American armed forces and were available in limited supplies. It was the European population's first introduction to the denim apparel. Workwear manufacturers tried to copy the U.S. originals, but those in the know insisted on the real thing.In the 50s, Europe was exposed to a daring new style in music and movies and consequently jeans took on an aura of sex and rebellion. Rock'n'roll coming from America blazed a trail of defiance, and jeans became a symbol of the break with convention and rigid social mores. When Elvis Presley sang in "Jailhouse Rock," his denim prison uniform carried a potent, virile image. Girls swooned and guys were quick to copy the King. In movies like "The Wild One" and "Rebel Without a Cause," cult figures Marlon Brando and James Dean portrayed tough anti-heroes in jeans and T-shirts. Adults spurned the look; teenagers, even those who only wanted to look like rebels, embraced it.By the beginning of the '60s, slim jeans had become a leisurewear staple, as teens began to have real fun, forgetting the almost desperate energy of the previous decade, while cocooned(包围在) in wealth and security. But the seeds of change had been sown, and by the mid '60s jeans had acquired yet another social connotation---as the uniform of the budding socialand sexual revolution. Jeans were the great equalizer, the perfect all-purpose garment for the classless society sought by the Hippy generation. In the fight for civil rights, at anti-war demonstrations on the streets of Paris, at sit-ins and love-ins everywhere, the battle cry was heard above a sea of blue.36.Jeans were first designed for _______.A.soldiersB.WorkmenC. TeenagersD. cowboys37.In the mid 40s, jeans gained popularity because ________.A. they made the wearer look clean and toughB. they were comfortable and looked friendlyC. they were the outward symbol of the mainstream societyD. they stood for freedom and a strong character38.What does the ―real thing‖ refer to in the second paragraph?A.authentic Levi’sB.workwearC. casual wearD. jeans of European style39.The popularity of Elvis Presley’s way of dressing illustrates that _________.A.teenagers wanted to look sexyB.people desired to look strong and manlyC.jeans went well with rock’n’rollD.D.Americans were more rebellious than Europeans40. The last sentence suggests that jeans were ________./doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html ed for military purposesB.the symbol of the ideal of social equalityC.worn by all kinds of peopleD. the outfit of social improvementPassage TwoThe ethnic group known as Ashkenazim is blessed with more than its fair share of talented minds, but is also prone to a number of serious genetic diseases.Researchers now suggest that intelligence is closely linked to several illnesses in Ashkenazi Jews, and that the diseases are the result of natural selection.The Ashkenazim are descended from Jewish communities in Germany, Austria, Poland, and Eastern Europe that date back to the 10th century. Today they make up approximately 80 percent of the world's Jewish population.Ashkenazim have the highest average IQ of any ethnic group, scoring 12 to 15 points above the European average. They are also strongly represented in fields and occupations requiring high cognitive ability. For instance, Jews of European ancestry account for 27 percent of U.S. Nobel science prize winners.But the group is also associated with several neurological disorders, including Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's, and Niemann-Pick. Tay-Sachs is a fatal hereditary disease of the central nervous system. Sufferers lack an enzyme needed to break down fatty substances in the brain and nerve cells. Gauchers and Niemann-Pick are similar, often fatal diseases.Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as moneylending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians.Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in overcrowded areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen.But increased intelligence may have come at a cost, with genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that it's highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance.While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a person’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than 120. This group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants.Modern-day Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expecta tendency for both higher IQs and associated genetic disorders to become less marked over time.41. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are _______.A.more intelligent than other JewsB.more likely to be sick than other JewsC.endowed with natural ability because of genetic diseasesD.more likely to be born with genetic diseases42. According to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in ______.A.the whole Europe and Eastern AsiaB. B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countriesC.Eastern Europe and a few Asian countriesD.Eastern Europe and Germany43. Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s and Niemann-Pick are _______.A.diseases caused by absence of an enzymeB.life-threatening genetic diseasesC.diseases that make people more intelligentD.the same disease with different terms44.The ―lucrative job‖ may most probably be a job which is _______.A.ProfitableB.unsteadyC.challengingD.permanent45.The underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchersbelieve that _______.A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligenceB. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligenceC. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genesD. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance46.From the passage, it can be anticipated that in the future ________.A.Ashkenazim would be less intelligent but healthierB.there would be more outstanding Ashkenazim intellectualsC.Ashkenazim would be more intelligent and less healthyD.the cause of genetic diseases would be explored more deeplyPassage ThreeSometimes it's just hard to choose. You're in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu becomes a blur as you roll your eyes up and down it in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate.It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff - be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government's philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but.Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don't have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don't have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision-making paralysis causes.Choice wasn't supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of self-determination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn't: ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to self-blame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety.Schwartz offers a self-help guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem.But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you ofsomething you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice-limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers' remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows.47.The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice_______.A. it is common for his customer to hesitate in ordering a mealB. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitationC. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality foodD. it is possible to get to know his customer’s partner48.It is implied that it is the government’s inten tion to _______.A.improve the quality of TV programsB.try to offer greater choice over public service systemsC.make people realize that some lovers are interchangeableD.encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones49.We can infer that the author’s attitude toward s choice is that _______.A.the more choice we have, the more freedom we can enjoyB.endless choice has only made us more miserableC.it is easy for people to make a wrong decision with few choicesD. before we make decisions, we want as many choices as possible50.The author mentioned ―Starbucks‖ in Paragraph 3 as an illustration of _______.A.happinessB.low life expectancyC. perpetual stressD. luxury51.From Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice, we can getrecommendation tips on _______.A. how to handle the situation of capitalist exploitationB.how to deal with your expense budgetC. how to avoid the feeling of missed opportunitiesD.how to save money by making a right choice52.We may conclude that it is NOT one of the author’s purposes to _______.AAA. stress the problem of choiceB.discuss decision-making paralysisC. make an analysis of buyers’ remorseD. promote the new book The Paradox of ChoicePassage FourMany things make people think artists are weird –the odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists’ only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel lousy. This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and m usic, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his ―Ode to Joy‖. In 1962, novelist Anthoy Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orange as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages have an agenda –to pry our wallets from our pockets –they make the very idea of happiness seem bogus(假的). ―Celebrate!‖commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forget – what our economy depends on us forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. Thethings that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is ok not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine-connoisseur movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter tha n a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.53.What is most strange about artists?A. They wear special clothes.B. They rarely work in the daytime.C. They mainly depict distressing things.D. They are liable to take illegal drugs.54.What does the author mean by ―a stretch‖?A.a terrible thingB.an exaggerationC.a continuous period of timeD.an exception55.The example that ―Ode to Joy‖ was used in Burgess’s novel is meant to illustratethat _______.A.musicians and novelists share similar artistic tasteB.violent people have a strong desire to be happyC.serious art is often contradictory with happinessD.music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike56.The word ―Celebrex‖ in the advertisement ________.A.misleads people into buying dangerous drugsB.reminds people of a cheerful feelingC.boasts of the effectiveness of a drug/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html es from a religious term57.How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?A.The economy would not be boosted if everybody were satisfied.B.There are many new products designed for the forgetful.C.People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.D.We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.58.What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A.Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B.Happiness comes when everything dies.C.Happiness makes sadness deeper.D.Happiness is not a good thing.Passage FiveAs students return to school this fall, parents will again worry about new illnesses as kids come into contact with flu germs. There are other risks they should worry about—illnesses caused by the common bugs and rodents found in school buildings. Perhaps the even more dangerous pests however are those individuals who prevent school administrators from swiftly addressing these problems.Anti-chemical activists have pushed, and nearly 20 states and local governments have passed, laws to eliminate or drastically reduce the use of pesticides in schools. Yet pesticides are used to control roaches, mice, rats, mosquitoes, and other pests. The public health implications of allowing these things to get out of control should be obvious: increased allergies and illnesses related to insect and rodent bites.Some states have passed a seemingly more reasonable policy that demands that school administrators provide notification 48 to 72 hours before using pesticides. But such laws allow problems to escalate during waiting periods when an urgent response is warranted. Notification paperwork burdens also consume limited financial resources. Journalist Steve Milloy reported that the notification law of Maryland costs the state’s schools $32,000 annually.Parents should fear these laws and the pests they harbor more than the pesticides. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) pesticide standards are so exceedingly cautious that the risks are tiny when the product is used according to label directions. An analysis done by the University of Texas found that the EPA’s risk estimates overstate pesticide exposure damage at a level hundreds of thousands of times greater than the risk of actual exposure.Meanwhile, many of the pests in schools pose serious risks. Allergies and asthma are a particular concern. According to one study published in Environmental Health Perspectives: ―Allergens associated with dust mites and cockroaches are probably important in both onset and worsening of asthma symptoms for children who are chronically exposed to these agents.‖Cockroach allergies are particularly problematic. Children who suffered from this type of allergy missed more days of school and lost more sleep than children suffering from other allergies.Prudent use of chemicals—not reduced pesticide use—can be a big part of the solution. A study in the Journal of Allergies and Clinical Immunology showed that use of chemical baits and regular cleaning can reduce indoor cockroach allergens to levels below that which causes allergies.If people are truly concerned about public health in schools, it’s time to start looking at priorities. Rather than liberate the pests, they should liberate the schools from silly government regulations and dangerous vermin.59. The author implies that parents should be most concerned about __________.A.flu germsB.pestsC.school administratorsD.anti-chemical activists60. The author would most probably agree that the laws restricting the use of pesticides in schools _________.A.are necessaryB.are harmfulC.are quite effectiveD.reflect health concerns61. The third paragraph shows that in schools ________.A. sometimes pesticides should be used immediatelyB. the cost of using pesticides is very highC.the laws about using pesticides are not properly observedD. using pesticides is a daily routine62. Regarding pesticides, the author thinks that _________.A. their danger has been exaggeratedB. their effects have been proved by EPAC. they are not effective for killing some pestsD.they may cause some illnesses in children63. Allergens associated with cockroaches may ________.A. kill some insectsB. trigger genetic problemsC. cause asthma symptomsD. create environmental pollution64. As a result of cockroach allergies, children may have difficulty with _______.A.hearingB.digesting/doc/61c5a61755270722192ef7c4.html municatingD.sleeping65. What is the main idea of the passage?A. New chemicals should be developed to control pests.B. Pesticides should be used frequently to control pests.C.Some policies have ruined the efforts to control pests.D. Schools have ignored the need to control pests.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points)Direction: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choosethe most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered66 to 75). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any ofthe blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneTHE LONDON terrorist attacks on July 7 and July 21 changed British Prime Minister Tony Blair. He had long been reluctant to make the fight against Islamo-fascist terror a domestic issue. Last week he outlined security measures to deal with radical clerics who incite violence.Of particular interest is a measure that reads in part: "It is now necessary, in order to acquire British citizenship, that people attend a citizenship ceremony [and] swear allegiance to the country." That's not much different from U.S. law. ___66___ This requirement would violate Section 203 of the U.S. V oting Rights Act, which requires that bilingual election materials and assistance be made available when a foreign language reaches critical mass in the general population. For example, California recall ballots in Los Angeles County were printed in English, Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Tagalog. ___67___U.S. law, in effect, tells new citizens that they can be fully engaged in U.S. democracy without understanding the language of its election campaigns. ___68___ Naturalized citizens must demonstrate a fundamental understanding of U.S. history and civics. Isn't it reasonable to expect them also to be able to communicate, at a basic level, in the language of U.S. politics?___69___ Requiring citizens to understand basic English isn't bias. But supporting a system that encourages American citizens to accept a life without meaningful participation in politics and civic life —that's bias.To end the separatism and disengagement that flourishes in part because significant portions of his country cannot speak English, Blair wants to make basic knowledge of English a requirement for British citizenship. There can be no true national。
2005年03月考博英语试题及答案
中国科学院博士研究生入学考试英语试卷2005年3月考生须知：一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPER ONE)和试卷二(PAPER TWO)两部分组成。
试卷一为客观题，答卷使用标准化机读答题纸；试卷二为主观题，答卷使用普通答题纸。
二、请考生一律用HB或2B铅笔填涂标准化机读答题纸，画线不得过细或过短。
修改时请用橡皮擦拭干净。
若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别，责任由考生自负。
请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。
三、全部考试时间总计180分钟，满分为100分。
时间及分值分布如下：试卷一：Ⅰ听力20分钟20分Ⅱ词汇15分钟10分Ⅲ完形填空15分钟15分Ⅳ阅读60分钟30分小计110分钟75分试卷二：Ⅴ英译汉30分钟10分Ⅵ写作40分钟15分小计70分钟25分CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESMarch 2005PAPER ONEPART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He needs more fresh air. B. He is willing to go out.C. He is too sick to go out.D. He opened the window.2. A. Their friemts. B. Daily activities.C. Past experiences.D. Historical events.3. A. To buy a ticket. B. To pay a fee.C. To pay back a debt.D. To buy a gift.4. A. Give information. B. State preferences.C. Ask permission.D. Attract attention.5. A. In a gymnasium. B. In an art exhibition.C. In a shop.D. In a hotel.6. A. 19 dollars each. B. 38 dollars each.C. 30 dollars altogether.D. 36 dollars altogether.7. A. Jack is a gentleman. B. Jack does everything right.C. Jack is a desirable husband.D. Jack behaves immaturely sometimes.8. A. It was remarkable to both the man and the woman.B. It was not suitable for the woman.C. The man hated this kind of movie.D. The woman complained about its quality.9. A. See how much the jacket is.B. See if the jacket there is blue.C. See if there is a cell phone in the jacket.D. See if there was anything turned in this morning.10. A. The man has caught a cold. B. The woman was caught in a rainstorm.C. The weather forecast was inaccurate.D. It rained very heavily.Directions:In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be a few questions. Both the talk and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Questions 11-13 are based on Talk 1.11. A. Language comes from physical labor.B. Language learning is a long-term endeavor.C. Language reflects history.D. Language study is very important.12. A. Constructing a wheel. B. Making a choice.C. Coming back.D. Turning around.13. A. The overthrow of a class. B. The overthrow of a tyrant.C. The overthrow of a belief.D. The overthrow of an act.Questions 14-17 are based on Talk 2.14. A. It‟s a wonderful idea.B. It‟s not a smart thing to do.C. It‟s too difficult to put into practice.D. It‟s interesting to the decision maker.15. A. Telling people about your degrees.B. Promising that you will make good achievements.C. Introducing your job responsibilities.D. Talking about the needs of the potential employer.16. A. The results which your potential boss wants to gain with your assistance.B. The results of making more money on an international market.C. The results that the employer has seen in the past.D. The results that your potential boss does not want to see.17. A. Proving that you are capable of doing the job.B. Seeking the position that is not too high or too low for you.C. Insisting that experience is more important than knowledge.D. Claiming that you are better than any other applicant.Questions 18-20 are based on Talk 3.18. A. They exercise dogs twice a day.B. They learn how to be responsible for dogs.C. They encourage dogs to go for long walks.D. They like dogs too much to care about other things.19. A. Working for the police.B. Relaxing with other dogs.C. Protecting businesses.D. Guiding the blind.20. A. Dogs ride in public transport.B. Dogs bite their owners when in a rage.C. Vehicles run over stray dogs.D. People always keep dogs on leads.PART ⅡVOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the of their adolescence.A. crisisB. criterionC. causalityD. credibility22. At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror curiosity.A. put up withB. lived up toC. did away withD. gave way to23. The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijing‟s budget-cutting move might its preparation for the games.A. degradeB. deliberateC. deployD. defend24. You are not allowed to take a second job your employer gives you permission.A. so long asB. otherwiseC. unlessD. whereas25. They continued to about and enjoy themselves until they became tired.A. strokeB. strollC. stammerD. string26. The survey asked 750 school children about the values and beliefs they from television.A. pick upB. take upC. put upD. make up27. I am grateful for your invitation, and I‟d like to accept your offer with pleasure.A. delightedB. innocentC. graciousD. prestigious28. I must you farewell right now, but on some future occasion, I hope to see you again.A. relayB. bidC. sendD. deliver29. Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my and have dinner with me.A. resentmentB. requirementC. requestD. reservation30. That singular ach ievement was not just about Korea‟s arrival as a football force but as a self-confident mature nation to be seriously.A. copedB. shownC. establishedD. taken31. Europe as a unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own.A. incidentalB. apparentC. cohesiveD. descendent32. On 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him at the time and which later became material for his books.A. inadequatelyB. systematicallyC. profoundlyD. simultaneously33. Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to my error.A. make do withB. make up forC. go in forD. go along with34. Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would , for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour.A. prevailB. presideC. perishD. persecute35. With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scientists, but theycouldn‟t any practical uses for it.A. come up withB. do justice toC. get even withD. look up to36. He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel & Company, on more favorable than those Grant Richards had given him.A. itemsB. termsC. articlesD. specifications37. Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, weather, and widespread crop loss.A. intensiveB. extremeC. unpleasedD. unique38. There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with contempt.A. utterB. soleC. intimateD. corresponding39. The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, to discuss the implication of that conclusion.A. recededB. impliedC. compliedD. declined40. Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and loneliness, during which the need to be accepted by peers great significance.A. takes onB. works outC. brings aboutD. gives inPART ⅢCLOZE TEST (is minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose the most suitable of the words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 41 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 42 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such 43 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 44 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate ofmedical opinion is shifting in 45 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 46 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the 47 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 48 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 49 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 50 vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 51 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 52 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 53 , and ECGs(心电图)are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 54 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 55 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.41. A. Then B. Though C. Since D. Even42. A. why B. how C. if D. what43. A. runners B. exercises C. patients D. cases44. A. initiation B. evidence C. incidence D. indication45. A. favor B. positive C. inclination D. bias46. A. good B. well C. much D. far47. A. weight B. amount C. degree D. quality48. A. however B. because C. but D. so49. A. at B. to C. for D. in50. A. taking up B. trying on C. getting over D. doing with51. A. beyond B. by C. with D. of52. A. anyone B. none C. some D. nobody53. A. of course B. at all C. after all D. by far54. A. readily B. suddenly C. already D. ready55. A. having B. had C. having been D. havePART ⅣREADING COMPREHENSION (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: You will read five passages in this part of the test. Below each passage there are some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilderness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes still were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, the orchards and many of the trees were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me.Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a humble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no difference that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the trees an old manappeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray.From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hundred mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leavinga trace.56. Samarkand lies .A. in a desertB. high in the mountainsC. in front of DamascusD. between the mountains and the airport57. The author said that he was overawed by .A. the beauty of the sceneB. the sight of DamascusC. the age of the placeD. the world of Allah and Muhammad58. The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble” because .A. it was an ordinary scene that he rememberedB. it was his last night in the city and his last memoryC. the elm trees were older than Genghis KhanD. the trees looked impressive in the evening light59. The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to .A. the ones his ancestors had keptB. the ones that lived in his own countryC. those his ancestors had seen at the Cape of Good HopeD. those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope60. The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because .A. he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them clearlyB. he did not think there would be any callsC. the calls came from the mosquesD. the calls were no different over loud-speakers61. The market has changed in character because now .A. it does sell jewelleryB. the holy men do not sell thereC. it sells goods for tourists and items of little valueD. the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell therePassage 2The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust” is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child‟s satisfying experiences at this early age.Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that “Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc.”Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected.It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered. In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment‟s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers‟ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children‟s needs and by their overall attitude.62. The sense of trust in an infant is under development when .A. the infant experiences some satisfactionB. adults‟ trust is adequateC. the infant learns how to moveD. the infant is surrounded by people he can recognize63. The author raises evidence of mental illness and other disorders in children .A. to introduce a discussion of the effect of institutions on childrenB. to show the effect on children of an unhappy relation with their mothers during infancyC. to warn parents of the dangers of neglecting and abusing their childrenD. to support the point that trust is an early formed and important element of a healthy personality64. Babies might mistrust the world if .A. they did not receive food when they were hungryB. they mastered their body movements too quicklyC. someone came too close to themD. they saw an object disappear65. The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs .A. before maternal affection is providedB. when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environmentC. when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordinationD. as a result of maternal separation66. A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that .A. the struggle between trusting and mistrusting has reached a climaxB. the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environmentC. the child‟s sense of trust is destroyedD. no sense of trust has ever developed67. According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is .A. the type of techniques used by the motherB. the sensitivity of the childC. maternal loveD. the combined effect of natural feeling and cultural attitudes68. How can mothers create a sense of trust in a child?A. By showing confidence and experience in front of the child.B. By applying techniques taught by psychologists.C. By showing the child that the mother is understanding of his/her wants.D. By offering smiles and comforts.Passage 3I saw a television advertisement recently for a new product called an air sanitizer. A woman stood in her kitchen, spraying the empty space in front of her as though using Mace against an imaginary assailant. She appeared very determined. Where others aresatisfied with antibacterial-laced sponges, dish soaps, hand sanitizers and telephone wipes, here was a woman who sought to sterilize the air itself.As a casual student of microbiology, I find it hard to escape the absurdity here. This woman is, like any human being, home to hundreds of trillions of bacteria. Bacteria make up a solid third, by weight, of the contents of her intestines. If you were to sneak into her bathroom while she was showering—and based on my general impression of this woman from the advertisement, I don‟t recommend this—and secret away a teaspoon of the water at her feet, you would find some 820 billion bacteria. Bacteria are unavoidably, inevitably—and, usually, utterly benignly—a part of our world.The fantasy of a germ-free home is not only absurd, but it is also largely pointless. Unless you share your home with someone very old, very young (under 6 months) or very ill, the few hundred bacteria on a countertop, doorknob or spoon pose no threat. The bacteria that cause food poisoning, the only significant rational bacterial worry in the average home, need to multiply into the thousands or millions before they can overwhelm your immune system and cause symptoms.The only way common food poisoning bacteria can manage this is to spend four or five hours reproducing at room temperature in something moist that you then eat. If you are worried about food poisoning, the best defense is the refrigerator. If you don‟t make a habit of eating perishable food that has been left out too long, don‟t worry about bacteria.Viruses are slightly different. You need only pick up a few virus particles to infect yourself with a cold or flu, and virus particles can survive on surfaces for days. So disinfecting the surfaces in the home should, in theory, reduce the chances of picking up a bug.In practice, the issue is less clear. A study by Dr. Elaine Larson at the Columbia School of Nursing called into question the usefulness of antibacterial products for the home. In New York, 224 households, each with at least one preschooler, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group used antibacterial cleaning, laundry and hand-washing products. The other used ordinary products. For 48 weeks, the groups were monitored for seven symptoms of colds, flu and food poisoning—and found to be essentially thesame. A ccording to Dr. Gerba‟s research, an active adult touches an average of 300 surfaces every 30 minutes. You cannot win at this. You will become obsessive-compulsive. Just wash your hands with soap and water a few times a day, and leave it at that.69. What is the main idea of this passage？A. We don‟t need to worry too much about bacteria everywhere in our life.B. Antibacterial products for the home are found to be effective.C. The TV advertisement the writer mentioned is a total failure.D. The existent bacteria pose a threat only to the very young and very old.70. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that .A. healthy people should live separately from unhealthy members of the familyB. a germ-free home is not only possible, but significantC. unless you live with the vulnerable, it is pointless to sterilize the airD. our immune systems are too weak to fight against the food poisoning bacteria71. In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “... manage this” means “to manage the process of .A. killing the bacteria in your bodyB. multiplying to a significantly large numberC. raising the room temperatureD. sterilizing the perishable food72. According to the author, if you want to keep healthy, you had better .A. make the room dryB. keep the food in the refrigeratorC. wash your hands as much as possibleD. clean the surfaces with anti-bacterial products73. From Paragraph 5 the author emphasizes .A. the danger of virusesB. the common existence of virus particlesC. the short life span of virusesD. the difficulty in killing viruses74. The word “bug” used in Paragraph 5 means .A. a bacteriumB. a coldC. a fluD. a virus75. According to the author, one will become obsessive-compulsive .A. if he washes his hands every time he touches a surfaceB. if he only washes his hands with soap and waterC. if he could not win over the bacteria in his homeD. if he does not fight against the bacteria at homePassage 4Until recently the halls of North High in Minneapolis were lined with vending machines where students could buy soda pop and other sugary drinks, as they can in most other high schools in the nation. But with rates of childhood obesity sky-rocketing, the Minneapolis school district worried about pushing pop. The district needed a way to keep its lucrative vending contract with Coca-Cola while steering kids toward more healthful beverages.Bryan Bass, North‟s assistant principal, took the challenge. He stocked 12 of North‟s 16 vending machines only with water, priced at 75 cents a bottle. Three machines dispensed juice and sports drinks for $1. Only one sold soft drinks, at $1.25 per can. “We located the water machines strategically outside our buildings, so when you come out of a classroom what you see is a water machine,” says Bass. “We also decided to allow water in classrooms but not juice or pop.” The result? Profits from the vending machines nearly tripled, from $ 4,500 to $11,000 in two years. They‟re now in their third year, and says Bass:“Water has become …cool.‟”North‟s suc cess demonstrates what many obesity experts and parents believe: Kids will learn to make healthful food and drink choices if they have access to them and are motivated to do so. “Price is a powerful motivator,” says Simone French of the University of Minnesota, an expert on school-based obesity prevention. She‟s impressed with North‟s efforts, but she says the problem is implementing these strategiesthroughout society. “Obesity is the biggest health issue facing kids,and we‟ve got to do more.”How to do mo re was outlined last week in the Institute of Medicine‟s 460-page action plan, mandated by Congress, on “Preventing Childhood Obesity.” Chaired by Emory University‟s Jeffrey Koplan, the plan is the first comprehensive look at childhood obesity and what government, industry, schools, communities, families, and medical professionals can do to reduce its impact. “I think this is similar in importance to the first Surgeon General‟s Report on Smoking and Health in 1964,” Koplan says. That landmark document led to the health warning on cigarette packages and a ban on cigarette advertising on TV.76. In most American high schools, selling soft drinks is .A. encouragedB. allowedC. unlawfulD. unprofitable77. Water has become “cool” in the Minneapol is school district partly because .A. water is provided freeB. most kids can afford nothing but waterC. water machines are put in noticeable positionsD. children have realized the harm of sugary drinks78. We can infer that in terms of healthful drinks for kids, Simone French and some other experts are .A. confident about children‟s choicesB. pessimistic about the futureC. puzzled about which approach to takeD. worried about how to motivate children79. By mentioning the 1964 report on smoking, Jeffrey Koplan implied that .A. more children tend to smoke today than yesterdayB. both obesity and smoking require the attention of schools and society.C. the present plan on obesity would function similarly as a landmark.D. obesity and smoking are both health problems.80. The primary purpose of this passage is to .。
北京师范大学考博英语分析题
北京师范大学考博英语分析题众所周知，北师大是全国高等的师范学府，这也就是说北师大的考博题型多少是有点偏文的，其考博英语试卷中仅仅翻译和写作就占55分，也就是说如果你的翻译和写作环节很薄弱，你就不可能通过考试。
下面我们一起来看看北师大05年的汉译英题。
在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。
在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。
语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己；没有很好的掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。
数学能训练人的逻辑思维。
其他学科也各有用处，很难说哪一门更重要。
比如，体育和音乐教育对于促进人的智力发展同样是重要的。
(北师大2005年)（15分）想做好这道题我们要具备的是积累一定量单词和词组，不过相信这段中文所涉及到英文单词大家都会拼写，但是很多考生达不了高分的主要原因就是因为只顾着背单词而忽略了在学习英语过程中对词组的积累。
如第一句“在学问上打下坚实的基础将是你终生受益”，其中在……方面打下坚实的基础应该用词组：lay a solid foundation in……，而为……奠定牢固的基础lay a solid foundation for……。
此外，使……受益，应该表达为：grant……benefit.在……的初级阶段：on the preliminary stage.还有所给文章中有一句“学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学”。
这里考生很可能看到最重要的就想怎样把“important”这个词添加进去。
其实dominate也有在……占首要地位的意思，在译文中用dominate会更地道一些。
还有文章中“你就不能很好的表达自己”。
很多考生会译成：you can’t express yourself well.其实我们译成：prevent you from expressing yourself 更好些，不要见到能救翻译成can见到不能就翻译成can’t.要考虑到上下文语境，选择最适合的词语进行搭配。
北京师范大学英语语言文学专业考博真题-参考书-状元经验
北京师范大学英语语言文学专业考博真题-参考书-状元经验一、专业的设置北京师范大学外国语言文学学院每年招收博士生14人，下设英语语言文学、俄语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学，共4个专业。
其中英语语言文学专业下设3个方向，分别是章燕的英美诗歌、蒋虹的英国现代小说、张政的翻译学。
二、考试的科目英美诗歌的考试科目为：①1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）②2019英美文学基础③3809英美诗歌及诗论英国现代小说的考试科目为：①1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）②2019英美文学基础③3005英国现代小说翻译学的考试科目为：①1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）②2036翻译学基础③3077中外翻译理论三、导师介绍章燕，北京师范大学博士，教授，主要研究方向：英美诗歌及西方文论蒋虹：北京师范大学博士，教授，主要研究方向：英美文学，英国现代小说，英国文学史张政，教授，文学博士，博士生导师，毕业于北京大学，英国帝国理工学院、美国纽约州立大学访问学者。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：肆九叁叁，柒壹六，贰六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
2019年北京师范大学博士入学考试英语真题含答案
2019年北京师范大学博士入学考试英语真题I. Listening Comprehension (15 points)Section ADirections: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken only once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.A. He is in a drug store.B. He is at a department store.C. He is at home.D. He is at his doctor's office.2.A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me.B. You made me forget what I was savingC. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you.D. You told me never to interrupt you.3.A Sally drove back and forth to work twice todayB. Sally took long time to do her work.C. Sally took her lunch with her to work.D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time.4.A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests.B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course.C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks.D. It is not necessary to order a textbook.5.A. The speaker's salary is $250.B. The speaker's salary is $1000.C. The speaker's salary is $1100.D. The speaker's salary is $ 275.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6.A. Clean up her roomB. Get her report back.C. Not wait for him past noon.D. Not worry about her raincoat.7.A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down.B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number.D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.8.A. Someone who is in charge of hunting.B. A boss of a company.C. A job-seeking advisor.D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company.9.A. The woman is not careful at all this time.B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enoughC. The woman is most careful this time.D. The woman has never been careful.10.A. Tom stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour.B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent.C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Xiangzhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old.12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used to call dogs.13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position, Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet.14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction,15. After many years in the United States Xiangzhen's body language is still completely Korean.II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed tomography or computed medical imagery has become fairly widely used. Its rapidacceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks ofconventional X-ray technology.To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all ofthe information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depthsare super imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can givethree-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of thebody's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing throughsections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are basedon series of thin “slices”.In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone andair, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variationsin tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain otherorgans may only be rendered visible through the use of radiopaque dye. Since computedtomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the livercan be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measuredifferent degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature oftissue.A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability to measurequantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through whichthe X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. Thisis not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor andsubsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition toits diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy.16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference betweenA. bone and airB. liver and pancreasC. muscle and other body tissuesD. heart and lungs17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body?A. Two-dimensional.B. Three-dimensional.C. Animated.D. Intensified.18. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared to conventional X-raytechniques, computed tomography is moreA. compactB. rapidC. economicalD. informative19. What is the author's attitude toward this new technique?A. Cautious.B. Tolerant.C. Enthusiastic.D. Critical.20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of thefollowing EXCEPTA. monitoring a patient's diseaseB. diagnosing disordersC. locating tumorsD. reconstructing damaged tissuesPassage 2Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing aspurification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. Thisnotion is apparent in the origin of our word “pharmacy,” which comes from theGreek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging."By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. a scroll dating from 1900B.C. and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol.The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The “chief of the preparers of drugs” was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the “collectors of drugs.” field workers, who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The “preparers’ aides” (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the “preparers” And the “conservator of drugs” oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept.By the seventh century B.C., the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed that a physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, even if the suspected “mental” causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine.Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact. One major reason was that physicians unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens—such as bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error.Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first paragraph in order toA. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical scienceB. point out that man of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held todayC. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internalcleansingD. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine differedfrom that of the Sumerians in that the GreeksA. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugsB. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illnessC. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugsD. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes23. In Paragraph 5, the word “holistic” most nearly meansA. integratedB. religiousC. modernD. physiological24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern eraof pharmacology may have been delayed by,A. a lack of understanding of the origins of diseaseB. a shortage of chemical treatments for diseaseC. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparationD. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following observationsabout scientific discovery?A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries areuncommon.B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered.C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery.D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs.Passage 3When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life existin any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need notresemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planetwhere life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be otherkinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venusor Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be ina more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probablytemporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. Theyare, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individuallives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormouslymore power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long onthe evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man's societies may havebecome so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality.Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multipleorganism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be “secondary” machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants froma favored planet.26 What does the word “cheer” (Para. 1, Line 2) imply?A. Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.B. Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.C. Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.D. imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of life on other planets.27. Humans on Earth are characterized byA their existence as free and separate beingsB. their capability of living under favorable conditionsC. their great power and effectivenessD. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society28. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually __A. human societies will be much more cooperativeB. man will live in a highly organized worldC. machines will take control over manD. living beings will disappear from Earth29. Even most imaginative people have to admit that __A. human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB. planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stay,C. it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD. organisms are more creative than machines30. It seems that the writerA. is interested in the imaginary life formsB. is eager to find a different form of lifeC. is certain of the existence of a new life formD. is critical of the imaginative peoplePassage 4Education is one of the key, words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and birth; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally, equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in necessary in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in, 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure thin all on knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.31. The best title for this passage is __A. The Significance of EducationB. Educational Investment and Its ReturnsC. Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its PresentD. Education in the Wilderness32. The word "interest" in paragraph one means __A. capital profit got back from the investmentB. the things young people are interested inC. the well-educated and successful young men and womenD. the well-educated young people with leadership potential33. The author seemsA. against the education in the very early historic timesB. positive about our present educational instructionC. in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesD. quite happy to see an equal start for everyone34. The passage implies that __A. some families now can hardly afford to send their children to schoolB. everyone today' has an equal opportunity in educationC. every, country invests heavily in educationD. we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not35. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. One without education today has no opportunities.B. We have not yet decided on our education models.C. Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now.D. Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.Passage 5Many zoos in the United States have undergone radical changes in the philosophy and design. All possible care is taken to reduce the stress of living in captivity. Cages and grounds are landscaped to make gorillas feel immersed in vegetation, as they would be in a Congo jungle. Zebras gaze across vistas arranged to appear (to zoos visitors, at least) nearly as broad as an African plain.Yet, strolling past animals in zoo after zoo, I have noticed the signs of hobbled energy that has found no release--large cats pacing in a repetitive pattern, primates rocking for hours in one corner of a cage. These truncated movements are known as cage stereotypes, and usually these movements bring about no obvious physical or emotional effects in the captive animal. Many animal specialists believe they are more troubling to the people who watch than to the animals themselves. Such restlessness is an unpleasant reminder that--despite the careful interior decoration and clever optical illusions--zoo animals are prisoners, being kept in elaborate cells.The rationale for breeding endangered animals in zoos is nevertheless compelling. Once a species falls below a certain number, it is beset by inbreeding and other processes that nudge it closer and closer to extinction. If the animal also faces the whole-scale destruction of its habitat, its one hope for survival lies in being transplanted to some haven of safely, usually a cage. In serving as trusts for rare fauna, zoos have committed millions of dollars to caring for animals. Many zoo managers have given great consideration to the psychological health of the animals in their care. Yet the more I learned about animals bred in enclosures, the more I wondered how their sensibilities differed from those of animals raised to roam free.In the wild, animals exist in a world of which we have little understanding. They may communicate with their kind through "language" that are indecipherable by humans. A few studies suggest that some species perceive landscapes much differently than people do; for example, they may be keenly attuned to movement on the faces of mountains or across the broad span of grassy plains. Also, their social structures may be complex and integral to their well-being. Some scientistsbelieve they may even develop cultural traditions that are key to the survival of populations.But when an animal is confined, it lives within a vacuum. If it is accustomed to covering long distances in its searches for food, it grows lazy or bored. It can make no decisions for itself; its intelligence and wild skills atrophy from lack of use. It becomes, in a sense, one of society's charges, completely dependent on humans for nourishment and care.How might an animal species be changed--subtly, imperceptibly--by spending several generations in a pen? I posed that question to the curator of birds at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, which is a breeding center for the endangered California condor. "I always have to chuckle when someone asks me that," the curator replied. "Evolution has shaped the behavior of the condor for hundreds of years. If you think I can change it in a couple of generations, you're giving me a lot of credit."Recently the condor was reintroduced into the California desert---only a moment after its capture, in evolutionary terms. Perhaps the curator was right; perhaps the wild nature of the birds would emerge unscathed, although I was not convinced. But what of species that will spend decades or centuries in confinement before they are released?36. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. highlight the improvements in the conditions of American zoosB. examine behavioral traits of animals living in zoosC. raise concerns about the confinement of wild animals in zoosD. suggest alternative ways of protecting endangered species37. The primary function of the second paragraph is to show thatA. wild animals adapt to their cages by modifying their movementsB. confined animals are not being seriously harmedC. zoos are designed with the reactions of spectators in mindD. people are overly sensitive to seeing animals in captivity38. In the fourth paragraph, the author's most important point is that animals in the wildA. perceive landscapes differently than do animals in captivityB. have modes of communicating that are very similar to those of humansC. are likely to live longer than animals kept in zoosD. depend on the care and support of others of their species39. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the fourth paragraph and the fifth paragraph?A. The fourth paragraph presents a question that is answered in the fir'& paragraph.B. The fourth paragraph contains an assertion that is evaluated in the fifth paragraph.C. The fifth paragraph describes a contrast to the situation presented in the fourth paragraph.D. The fifth paragraph discusses the second part of the process described in the fourth paragraph.40. In paragraph 5. "charges" most nearly means __A. costsB. responsibilitiesC. demandsD. attacksPassage 6The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalist and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects or journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present, the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that __A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to .journalistic interviewingC. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewingD. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews42. Much research has been done on interviews in generalA. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedB. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attentionC. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedD. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalisticinterviewing43. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview. __A. but most of them wish to stay away from itB. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day'C. but most of them may not have been interviewed in personD. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it44.Who is the interviewee in a clinic interview?A. The psychologist.B. The physician.C. The journalist.D. The patient.45. The passage is most likely a part ofA. a news articleB. a prefaceC. a research reportD. a journalistic interviewIII. Translation and Writing (55 points)Section A Translation (40%) Translate the following into Chinese:1) Information processing is the acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval( 检索 ), display, and dissemination of information. In recent years, the term hasoften been applied to computer-based operations specifically. During the past fewcenturies great advances have been made in the human capability to record, store,and reproduce information, beginning with the invention of printing from movabletype in 1450, followed by the development of photography and telephony, andculminating in the mass production of electronic digital computers in the latterhalf of the 20th century. New technologies for preserving and transmitting auraland visual information have further enhanced information processing.2) The entry of the Anglo-Saxon peoples into Britain, and their centuries-longsuccessful struggle to establish Germanic kingdoms there, is among the most famousventures of the Age of Migrations, but like other historical events of the timeit is obscure in much of its detail: the identity and place of origin of the peoplestaking part, the needs and desires that moved them to entry" and conquest, the linesof invasion, the duration of native resistance, the historicity of the BritishArthur (亚瑟王) .Translate the following into English: 英语现在是60多个国家使用的官方或半官方语言。
05年北师考博英语真题
English Entrance Examination for Non-English Major Doctoral CandidatesMarch 26,2005Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken only once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking thecorresponding letter A, B, C and D on the ANSWER SHEET with a single linethrough the centre.1.A.？？？？？The researcher was careless in performing this experiment.B.？？？？？The researcher tried to think of problems before they happened.C.？？？？？Before performing the experiment, the researcher was very nervous.D.？？？？Before performing the experiment, the researcher was very tired.2.A.？？？？？The speaker used a soft, low voice.B.？？？？？The speaker didn’t seem to care much about what he was saying.C.？？？？？The speaker was focused and spoke with great passion.D.？？？？The speaker used long. Complicated sentences.3.A.？？？？？Language changes very slowly.B.？？？？？Language changes very quickly.C.？？？？？Language changes over fifty year periods.D.？？？？Language changes over ten year periods.4.A.？？？？？Southern France has never known severe winters.B.？？？？？In northern France, one can live in comfort all the year round.C.？？？？？In general, the French people enjoy a mild climate.D.？？？？People in southern France often experience severe winters.5.A.？？？？？Fiona is not afraid to give a presentation now.B.？？？？？Fiona’s fever is gone just before the presentation.C.？？？？？Fiona will hear about the final speech.D.？？？？Fiona will come over to the conference.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D on your test paper, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWERR SHEET with a single line through the centre.6.A.？？？？？Korean food.B.？？？？？Chinese food.C.？？？？？Italian food.D.？？？？Indian food.7.A.？？？？？Both of them have overcome their fear of heights.B.？？？？？The woman is still afraid of high places. But the man is not.C.？？？？？They are both afraid of high places.D.？？？？Both of them like to stand on high places.8.A.？？？？？She can’t wear them any more.B.？？？？？She doesn’t like them any more.C.？？？？？She can’t wash them in machine any more.D.？？？？She doesn’t like casual dress any more.9.A.？？？？？March 3td.B.？？？？？March 12th.C.？？？？？March 29th.D.？？？？March 30th.10.A.？？？？？Being private versus being alone.B.？？？？？Being alone versus being with friends.C.？？？？？Being a guest versus being a host.D.？？？？Being lonely versus being alone.11.A.？？？？？She liked it.B.？？？？？She disliked it.C.？？？？？She had no idea about it.D.？？？？She hadn’t heard about it.12.A.？？？？？The insurance company is worried that they might have to pay a lot of money.B.？？？？？The insurance company sees a chance to give the man lots of physical tests.C.？？？？？The insurance company is the first to pay for a man’s genetic diseases.D.？？？？The insurance company does not know how many children the man will have.13.A.？？？？？A long and difficult trip through poor countries.B.？？？？？A chance to learn new language and make money.C.？？？？？An adventure in learning about a different culture.D.？？？？An adventure that combines a vacation with a rest.14.A.？？？？？He will not accept a late paper from her.B.？？？？？Her is interested only in her ideas.C.？？？？？He wants her to correct her paper.D.？？？？He will accept a late paper from her.15.A.？？？？？He will have his operation at 9 o’clock.B.？？？？？He is under operation now.C.？？？？？He already had his operation.D.？？？？He is all right now.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a talk about moving to a new campus. Look at statements 16 through 20 for this part on your test paper and decide if eachstatement is correct. While you are listening, if you think the statement is correctbased on the talk, mark letter A on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. If you think it is not correct, mark letter B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.16. All agriculture science students will stay where they are.17. Some history teachers will move immediately to the new campus.18. Engineering staff has already made their move.19. Part of the Faculty of Law is in its new building.20. The former Law building may become an art gallery.Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Chose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps present a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain？an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of abservation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, droughts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air level which often set the stage for the development of air masses fronts and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for？weather modification studies.21. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is？？？？？.A. fronts？？？？？？？B. changes in temperature？？？C. frost？？？？？？D. wind speed22. The 30-day forecast is determined by examining ？？？？？？.A. daily weather maps？？？？？？？？？？B. upper air levelsC. satellite reports？？？？？？？？？？？？？？D. changing fronts23. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous becauseit？？？？？.A.？？？？？is modern and profitable for the companies involvedB.？？？？？uses electronic instruments to measure the weather on a daily basisC.？？？？？enables man to easily alter the weather to his advantage and profitD.？？？？gives the scientists information not obtained readily otherwise24. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in？？？？？.A. manipulating weather？？？？B. determining density of pressure groupsC. satellites？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？D. controlling storms25. A weather map is synoptic because it？？？？？？.A.？？？？？summarizes a great deal of informationB.？？？？？appears dailyC.？？？？？shows changing frontsD.？？？？can be interpreted accurately2With only a bout 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, said hesalutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. It’s aworthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A&M---to save animals from extinction.”Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct,Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda. Native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells froma dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white while rabbit. They are nowtrying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eg gs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They willprobably h ave to do sevcral hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a？long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not put ting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” addsKraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A&M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this very simi lar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they areattempting to do. It’s a rescarch that is very much needed.”26. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to？？？？？？？？.A.？？？？？salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasB.？？？？？implant embryo into a host animalC.？？？？？introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese whiterabbitD.？？？？save endangered animals from extinction27. How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?A. 3 to 5 years.？？？？B. 1 year.？？？？？？C. 25 years.？？？？？D. 2years.28. The word “groundbreaking” (Paragraph 7) can be interpretedas？？？？？？？？？.A. pioneering？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？B. essentially newC. epoch-making？？？？？？？？？？？？D. evolutionary29. What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to ProfessorKraemer?A.？？？？？Lack of host animals.B.？？？？？Lack of available panda eggs.C.？？？？？Lack of funds.D.？？？？Lack of qualified researchers.30. The best title for the passage may be？？？？？？？？.A.？？？？？China’s Efforts to Clone PandasB.？？？？？China---the Native Place of Pandas ForeverC.？？？？？Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD.？？？？China’s First Cloned Panda3St. Paul has transformed soaring energy costs into a golden opportunity for economic development by putting the final touches on plans to: 1.？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Build the nation’s first system that will heat all major downtownbuildings with waste heat now being dumped into the Mississippi River by electricutilities.2.？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Create a &9-million “energy bank” to lend money to improve theenergy efficiency of homes at low 9-to-11-percent interest rates. 3.？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Construct the nation’s first“energy park”. The area will includeonly those commercial, residential, and industrial facilities that are doing something energy-related. More than & 150-million worth of commitments has already beenlined up.These developments did not just happen. They resulted when Mayor George Latimer asked volunteers to chart a new future for a city that is twice as cold as New York.“We cannot any longer look to foreign nations, old companies or the federalgovernment to solve our energy crisis,” Latimer told his constituents. “We must look to ourselves to find the answers.”31. The reason why these developments did not happen before was(that)？？？？？？？.A.？？？？？the city imported enough foreign oil for its major downtown buildingsB.？？？？？the federal government didn’t approve the necessary money for theconstructionC.？？？？？not givenD.？？？？St. Paul is colder than New York32. St. Paul？？？？？ .A.？？？？？is located on the bank of the Mississippi RiverB.？？？？？has got a new mayor recentlyC.？？？？？is looking for the best approaches to solving its energy shortageD.？？？？is lending money for commercial, residential and industrial purposes33. The plans？？？？？.A.？？？？？were drawn by Mayor George LatimerB.？？？？？were only for St. Paul’s major downtown buildingsC.？？？？？were created by volunteers when they were asked to offer their ideasD.？？？？were turning a golden opportunity into economic development34. Which of the following facilities are/is NOT energy-related?A.？？？？？Shops or supermarkets.B.？？？？？A computer center or a factory.C.？？？？？Private homes.D.？？？？Advertisement boards.35. Judging from what Mayor Latimer said, we are sure that？？？？？？.A.？？？？？these developments will some day become trueB.？？？？？foreign nations and oil companies are not reliableC.？？？？？the future of St. Paul is quite uncertainD.？？？？high energy costs will soon be eliminated4Ideas about “spoiling” children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child. Haw does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling;they h ave always included concepts of a child’s nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adult.The many mothers of the 1820s who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideals about child raising that had been prevalent in the 18th century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptations of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mothers knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the FrenchProtestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As onemother wrote. “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition---however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, bywhich was meant the child’s impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted completely to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the father’s order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama” so the toddler was left alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again.This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonlyreported that after one such trial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive.In passing, we can note that knowledge about a child’s “No” period might havemoderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the saying “Spare the rod and spoil the child”.By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and sobriety. These moral principles, fixed in the child’s character, were to govern itthroughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.36. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children”, hedoes not include the？？？？？.A.？？？？？nature of a childB.？？？？？reasons why spoiling occursC.？？？？？images of an ideal adult and childD.？？？？attitudes of spoiled children when they become adults37. “Spare the rod and spoil the child” means？？？？？.A.？？？？？spoiling children is not as evil as it seemsB.？？？？？eliminating physical punishment is a sound policyC.？？？？？if you do not inflict physical punishment, you will spoil your childD.？？？？“spoiling children” is a matter of definition38. The author suggests that nineteenth century parents were chiefly interested in achild’s？？？？？.A.？？？？？growing up to be industriousB.？？？？？acquiring good character traitsC.？？？？？learning to compete successfullyD.？？？？respecting his parents slavishly39. People in the 19th century be believed their society to be based on allbut？？？？？.A.？？？？？free enterpriseB.？？？？？competitive endeavorC.？？？？？individualismD.？？？？honesty40. The purpose of this passage is to？？？？？.A.？？？？？informB.？？？？？persuadeC.？？？？？inciteD.？？？？change an attitude5The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now anexceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women’s liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly to seemimpossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstances---women working outside the home and the instability of marriage--- tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19thcentury.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and theyincidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrialsociety will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.41. During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the UnitedStates？？？？？？.A.？？？？？increasedB.？？？？？was reducedC.？？？？？experienced both falls and risesD.？？？？remained stable42. What influences the birth rate most in the United States is？？？？？.A.？？？？？highly paid jobsB.？？？？？women’s desire for independenceC.？？？？？expenses of child raisingD.？？？？high divorce rate43. The sentence “From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossiblyexpensive” implies that？？？？？.A.？？？？？food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.？？？？？prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.？？？？？to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD.？？？？social development has made child-raising inexpensive44. A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th centuryis？？？？？？.A.？？？？？birth controlB.？？？？？the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.？？？？？the instability of marriageD.？？？？the changed place of women45. The population in the new century, according to the writer.？？？？？.A.？？？？？will be smaller than a few years agoB.？？？？？will not be as small as people expectC.？？？？？will prove to be a threat to the worldD.？？？？will not continue as serious a problem as expectedⅢ. Translation and Writing (55 points)Part A TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese (25 points):？？？1. Natural disasters during the 1980s were 94% more frequent than in the 1970s. While it is possible that such a jump falls within normal climatic variation, insurance executives realize that it also conforms with patterns predicted for global warming.2. The history of New England is written imperishably on the face of a continent. In the Old World national pride feeds itself with the record of battles and conquests; ---battles which proved nothing and settled nothing; conquests which shifted a boundary on the map, and put one ugly head instead of another on the coin which the people paid to the tax-gatherer. But wherever the New-Englander travels among the sturdy commonwealths which have sprung from the seed of the Mayflower. Churches, schools, colleges, tell him where the men of his race have been, or their influence penetrated; and an intelligent freedom is the monument of conquests whose results are not to be measured in the square miles. Next to the fugitives whom Moses (摩西) led out of Egypt, the little ship-load of outcasts who landed at Plymouth two centuries and a half ago are destined to influence the future of the world.Translate the following into English (15 points):在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。
2005年北京科技大学考博英语试卷
2005年北京科技大学考博英语试卷Ⅰ. VocabularyPart A.Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The scene is so beautiful that it my power of description.A. transportsB. transfersC. transcendsD. transforms2. The schoolmaster the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.A. applaudedB. enhancedC. elevatedD. clapped3. The meaning of “yellow” is a color, but it can also mean “cowardly.”A. positiveB. negativeC. underlyingD. literal4. Many people think that the standards of public have declined.A. moralityB. rightnessC. awarenessD. mentality5. People were surprised to find that he had the ability to everything he was involved in.A. precedeB. dominateC. pervadeD. denominate6. The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different .A. performancesB. personalitiesC. qualitiesD. debut7. This medicine will the pain in the stomach.A. ascertainB. agitateC. alleviateD. allocate8. The apartment was as $50,000 and its owner decided to sell it.A. automatedB. assessed C asserted D. avenged9. The minister all his officials pay the tax.A. bidsB. blessesC. barksD. baffles10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart B.Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.11. Tourists flock from the remotest places to see the capital’s sights.A. invadeB. troopC. promptD. gather12. He has told so many lies that we can no longer place any reliance on what he says.A. beliefB. trustC. convictionD. dependence.13. Oil can change a society more drastically than anyone could ever have imagined.A. grosslyB. severelyC. rapidlyD. radically14. In times of economic difficulty, governmental budgets for education are often slashed before any others.A. shiftedB. cutC. checkedD. donated15. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.A. identicalB. doubleC. illustratedD. legible16. With her youngest child having left home, she felt a pressing need to fill her time.A. tenseB. thoroughC. urgentD. small17. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes on a printed sheet of music.A. omitB. reproduceC. composeD. change.18. Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioactive debris, while high-altitude satellites carry detectors for gamma rays and other emissions.A. diffusionB. remainsC. glitter transfer19. Although worn out by years of service to his country, Washington accepted the presidency of the United States.A. favoredB. honoredC. exhaustedD. weakened20. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of arguments are the breath of life.A. coexistenceB. coincidenceC. correlationD. compatibilityⅡ. ClozeDirections: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. (21) evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over three thousand years ago ate (22) fish.Stealing salt was considered a major crime at certain times in history. In the eighteenth century, for instance, if a person was (23) “stealing salt”, he could be put in prison. History reveals that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that century (24) stealing salt.In the modern world salt has many uses (25) the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the (26) of crops and in killing weeds. It is also used to make water soft, to melt ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to (27) colors in cloth.Salt can be obtained in various ways, besides being taken from mines underground. Evaporation of salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the (28) common processes for manufacturing salt. In Australia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush”. Yet, (29)it is obtained, salt will continue to play an important (30) in the lives of men and women everywhere.21. A. Ancient B. Historic C. Historical D. Old22. A. salt B. salted C. salting D. salty23. A. arrested B. caught C. got D. seized24. A. as B. by C. for D. through25. A. besides B. beyond C. except D. over26. A. bearing B. developing C. growing D. training27. A. fasten B. fix C. preserve D. tie28. A. little B. many C. much D. more29. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever30. A. duty B. function C. responsibility D. RoleⅢ. Reading ComprehensionPart A.Directions: There are three reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus,a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec. 30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “It\'s difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them," Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday. "Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.”(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people — including 32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailand — has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is aboutA. battling the SARSB. epidemic disease controlC. fighting the avian fluD. public health32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.B. Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.C. Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.D. 1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting against the bird flu?A. to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farms.B. to carry out regular disinfectionC. to raise ducks and chickens separatelyD. to stop poultry trade34. We can infer from the last paragraph thatA. currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humansB. the bird flu virus is easy to mutate.C. the bird flu has killed millions of peopleD. the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza.35. The best title for the passage is .A. Bird Flu: A Deadly DiseaseB. What Can We Learn from the Bird FluC. Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird FluD. Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird FluPassage Two(1) The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused onWestern Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.(2) In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could e vented. In part too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentry’s traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry。
北京师范大学学士学位英语考试样题及答案(笔试)普通类
北京师范大学学士学位英语考试样题及答案（笔试）-普通类院（系）专业级姓名学号分数Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations。
At the end of each conversation aquestion will be asked about what was said。
Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once。
After each question there will be a pause。
During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer。
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center。
1。
A。
The man doesn’t want to see Mr。
Williams。
B。
Mr。
Jones is in an inferior position than Mr。
Williams 。
C。
Mr。
Jones used to be in charge 。
D。
Mr。
Williams doesn’t want to work tomorrow。
2。
A。
They need to make more efforts。
B。
They’ll have more work to do tomorrow。
C。
The others have done the greater part of it。
北京师范大学考博英语试题答案(02-09)
2002年北京师范大学考博英语试题ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage One16. B 细节题。
第一段最后一句话说“What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.”。
这与B符合。
A和C与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到D。
17. C 细节题。
文章第二段第二句话说“The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.”。
说明这种专门服务能得到发展并取得明显成功，反映了目前的高失业水平。
这与C符合。
18. D 细节题。
文章第三段指出“Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs…Everything else could and should be saved for the interview.”。
这与D符合。
A、B和C都与文章的意思不符。
19. A 细节题。
文章第四段指出“Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.”。
这与A符合。
北京师范大学考博英语历年真题及详解专业课考试试题
A. Carving changed the texture and strength of the wood.
B. It took the canoe makers several months to build a canoe.
4.D 推理判断题。文章最后一句提到“With harpoons of yew wood, baited hooks of red cedar, and lines of twisted and braided bark fibers, they fished for cod, sturgeon, and halibut, and hunted whales, seals, and sea otters.”，由此可知，木材为海达人提供了重要的捕食工具，故D项正 确。A项过于绝对；B、C两项文中没有提及。
目 录
2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2014年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2013年北京师范大学考博英语真题（回忆版） 2012年北京师范大学考博英语真题（回忆版） 2008年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2007年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2005年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2004年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2003年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2002年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解 2001年北京师范大学考博英语真题及详解
B. To shorten the work of carving wood from the inside.
C. To avoid having to paint the bottom of the canoe.
北京师范大学考博英语部分真题答案解析
北京师范大学考博英语部分真题答案解析23.D解析：推断题。
本题考查作者对于现场表演的虔诚追随者的观点态度。
从文章第三段可知，作者自己选择听唱片/录音而不是听现场音乐会。
第四段开头作者提到，devoted concertgoers认为“录音不能代替现场表演”，但作者认为devoted concertgoers are missing the point(现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害)，之后是论据支持作者的观点，作者认为These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances，即录音便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的现场音乐会有更高的艺术品质。
[D]项overestimate the value of live performances(高估了现场表演的价值)是对作者对于devoted concertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。
干扰项：选项[A]意思是“喜欢听现场音乐会的人忽视了现场表演的花销”，原文确实提到These recordings are cheap，但是这个选项片面，没有概括性。
选项[B]意思是“拒绝大多数种类演唱会录音”没有概括出作者对于devoted concertgoers的观点态度，太浅显，且与原文对devoted concertgoers的描述Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance…存在误差。
选项[C]意思是“夸大了现场表演的多样性”，原文没有提到。
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)24.D解析：推断题。
2005年10月B中科院考博英语真题单词
2005年10月B卷词汇1. soar effortlessly 自由翱翔| 自在翱翔| 自在飞翔2. reckless ['reklɪs]adj. 鲁莽的，不顾后果的；粗心大意的3. reckless driving 鲁莽驾驶；驾驶疏忽4. lenient ['liːnɪənt]adj. 宽大的；仁慈的5. not lenient 严格的6. lenient sentence 轻判7. tender ['tendə]adj. 温柔的；柔软的；脆弱的；幼稚的；难对付的n. 偿付，清偿；看管人；小船vt. 提供，偿还；使…变嫩；是…变柔软vi. 投标；变柔软8. tender for 投标9. open tender [经] 公开招标10. tender offer 投标报价；招标11. tender feeling 柔情12. invitation to tender [经] 招标13. adjourn [ə'dʒɜːn]vi. 休会；延期；换地方vt. 推迟；使…中止；使…延期14. adjourn examination 延期审理15. adjourn with让步16. hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]n. 听力；审讯，听讯v. 听见（hear的ing形式）17. price hearing 价格听证18. hearing loss 听觉损耗；听觉损失19. hearing aid 助听器20. court hearing [法] 庭审21. hold a hearing 举行听证会22. sue [s(j)uː]vt. 控告；请求vi. 控告；提出请求23. sue for 控告24. sue out 向法院请求得到25. Sue out a pardon 求得宽赦26. suspicious [sə'spɪʃəs]adj. 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的27. suspicious of 对起疑28. mischievous ['mɪstʃɪvəs]adj. 淘气的；（人、行为等）恶作剧的；有害的29. Mischievous Instinct 淘气天性30. spoil [spɒɪl]vt. 溺爱；糟蹋；掠夺vi. 掠夺；变坏；腐败n. 次品；奖品31. the spoils of war 战利品32. spoil child 放纵的孩子33. spoil dump [矿业] 废石堆34. seam [siːm]n. 缝；接缝vt. 缝合；接合；使留下伤痕vi. 裂开；产生裂缝35. coal seam [地质] 煤层36. welding seam [机] 焊缝；对接焊缝37. seam line 接缝线；模缝线38. weld [weld]n. 焊接；焊接点vt. 焊接；使结合；使成整体vi. 焊牢39. weld metal 焊缝金属40. weld line 熔接线；焊接纹41. weld strength 焊接强度42. rim [rɪm]n. 边，边缘；轮辋；圆圈vi. 作…的边，装边于vt. 作…的边，装边于43. Pacific Rim 太平洋沿岸地区；泛太平洋44. wheel rim 轮辋；钢圈；轮箍；[车辆] 轮缘45. allusion [ə'luːʒ(ə)n; -'ljuː-]n. 暗示；提及46. in allusion to 针对；引喻47. classical allusion 古典48. Literary allusion 文学典故49. make an allusion to 暗指，间接提到50. allude [ə'l(j)uːd]vi. 暗指，转弯抹角地说到；略为提及，顺便提到51. allude to 暗指，提到52. inflammation [ɪnflə'meɪʃ(ə)n]n. [病理] 炎症；[医] 发炎；燃烧；发火53. chronic inflammation 慢性炎症54. diminish inflammation 消炎55. inflammation point 着火点56. inflame [ɪn'fleɪm]vt. 激怒；使燃烧；使发炎vi. 燃烧；发炎；激动57. assuage inflame 缓和| 激怒58. assuage [ə'sweɪdʒ]vt. 平息；缓和；减轻59. assuage hunger 减缓饥饿60. assuage pain 镇痛61. assuage sorrow 减轻悲痛62. flagrant ['fleɪgr(ə)nt]adj. 公然的；不能容忍的；非常的；恶名昭著的（名词flagrancy，副词flagrantly）63. flagrant foul 恶意犯规，恶性犯规64. flagrant violation 公然侵犯重大违反65. Flagrant Disregard 公然不顾66. disregard [dɪsrɪ'gɑːd]vt. 忽视；不理；漠视；不顾n. 忽视；不尊重67. at length 最后，终于；详细地68. solemn ['sɒləm]adj. 庄严的，严肃的；隆重的，郑重的69. solemn promise 庄严承诺；誓言70. solemn ceremony 隆重的典礼71. presumptive [prɪ'zʌm(p)tɪv]adj. 假定的；根据推定的72. presumptive instruction 推测指令| 基本指令| 假定指令73. presumptuous [prɪ'zʌm(p)tʃʊəs]adj. 专横的；放肆的；冒昧的74. presumptuous demands 非分的要求75. set aside 留出；驳回，撤销；不顾76. leave off 停止77. leave out 遗漏，省去；不考虑78. on leave 休假；在休假中79. leave room for 留下的余地；为留余地；留出空间80. leave it at that 暂时停止争论81. sign away 签字放弃82. hold up 举起；阻挡；拦截83. vocal ['vəʊk(ə)l]adj. 歌唱的；声音的，有声的n. 声乐作品；元音84. vocal tract 声道85. vocal music 声乐；通过口头传唱的音乐86. vocal concert 演唱会87. litter ['lɪtə]n. 垃圾；轿，担架；一窝（动物的幼崽）；凌乱vt. 乱丢；给…垫褥草；把…弄得乱七八糟vi. 产仔；乱扔废弃物88. leaf litter 落叶层89. litter size 同胎生仔数；每窝仔畜数90. no litter 不许到垃圾；禁止扔垃圾91. come to one’s rescue: 来援救某人93. come to the rescue of 营救94. at large 详尽的；未被捕的，整个的95. at heart 本质上，内心里96. at best 最多97. at most 至多98. successive [sək'sesɪv]adj. 连续的；继承的；依次的；接替的99. successive steps 逐步100. successive elimination 逐次消元101. attached [ə'tætʃt]adj. 附加的；依恋的，充满爱心的v. 附上（attach的过去分词）102. attached file 附加文件103. no strings attached 没有附加条件；无附带限制104. attached list 附表105. attached sheet 附件，附页106. attached document 附属资料107. precedent ['presɪd(ə)nt]n. 先例；前例adj. 在前的；在先的108. condition precedent 先决条件109. lay in 贮存110. lay down 放下；制定；铺设；主张111. lay a foundation 奠定基础；奠基；打下基础112. lay eggs 产蛋113. lay out 展示；安排；花钱；为划样；提议114. lay stress on 注意，重视；把重点放在115. lay off 解雇；休息；停止工作116. lay claim to 要求；自以为117. lay at 攻击；将放置在前面118. lay up v. 贮存；搁置；卧床不起119. lay asleep 使入睡；埋葬，使永眠地下120. on the lay [黑话、行话]做(违法)买卖；干活(如偷、扒、抢等) 121. lay upon 随而定；把重点放在122. lay over 覆盖；胜过，压倒123. lay hands on 得到；找到；攻击124. menace ['menəs]n. 威胁；恐吓vi. 恐吓；进行威胁vt. 威胁；恐吓125. serious menace 重大威胁126. invisible menace 看不见的威胁127. dismissal [dɪs'mɪsl]n. 解雇；免职128. unfair dismissal 不公平解雇129. dismissal wage 遣散费；解雇工资130. wrongful dismissal 非法解雇131. dismissal reason 解雇理由132. forced dismissal 勒令退学133. promising ['prɔmisiŋ]adj. 有希望的，有前途的v. 许诺，答应（promise的现在分词形式）134. promising future 发展前景；光明的前途135. promising market 发展潜力大的市场；有销路的市场136. feverish ['fiːv(ə)rɪʃ]adj. 发热的；极度兴奋的137. feverish market 变动不定的证券市场138. feverish activity 兴奋的活动139. pretentious [prɪ'tenʃəs]adj. 自命不凡的；炫耀的；做作的140. pretentious flourish 比喻虚假的141. pretentious language 似以欺惑性的语言142. fiendish ['fiːndɪʃ]adj. 恶魔似的，残忍的；极坏的143. fiendish terrible 极坏的144. venerate ['venəreɪt]vt. 崇敬，尊敬145. To venerate very reverently 恭恭敬敬146. numerate ['njuːm(ə)rət]vt. 数，列举；读（数）adj. 识数的，会计算的147. Literate and numerate 阅读写作计算能力148. transcend [træn'send; trɑːn-]vt. 胜过，超越149. Transcend Self 超越自我150. philosophy transcend 理念超越151. apprehend [æprɪ'hend]vt. 理解；逮捕；忧虑vi. 理解；担心152. apprehend criminal 逮捕罪犯153. feeble ['fiːb(ə)l]adj. 微弱的，无力的；虚弱的；薄弱的154. feeble breathing 奄奄一息155. feeble signal 微弱信号156. strenuous ['strenjʊəs]adj. 紧张的；费力的；奋发的；艰苦的；热烈的157. strenuous exercise 剧烈运动158. constable ['kʌnstəb(ə)l; 'kɒn-]n. 治安官，巡警；警察159. police constable 警员，警察160. constable patrolman 巡警161. patrol [pə'trəʊl]n. 巡逻；巡逻队；侦察队vt. 巡逻；巡查vi. 巡逻；巡查162. on patrol 在巡逻；巡逻中163. police patrol 公安巡逻艇；警察巡逻164. patrol car 巡逻警车165. patrol inspection 巡回检查166. rogue [rəʊg]n. 流氓；小淘气；凶猛的离群兽；（尤指植物的）劣种vi. 游手好闲；去劣；流浪vt. 欺诈；去劣adj. （野兽）凶猛的167. rogue software 流氓软件恶意软件168. rogue germs 顽劣的病菌169. Rogue Racing 野蛮赛车170. brigade [brɪ'geɪd]n. 旅；大部队；队列vt. 把…编成旅；把…编成队171. fire brigade n. 消防队172. construction brigade 工程队173. pilfer ['pɪlfə]vi. 偷窃；小偷小摸vt. 窃；偷窃；小偷小摸174. sloop [sluːp]n. [船] 单桅帆船175. patrol sloop 护卫舰| 巡逻炮舰176. magistrate ['mædʒɪstrət; -streɪt]n. 地方法官；文职官员；治安推事177. magistrate court 治安法院| 裁判法庭| 原本由英国的推事庭178. burglary ['bɜːglərɪ]n. 盗窃，夜盗；盗窃行为v. 入室行窃179. auto burglary 偷汽车里的东西180. unwanted ['ʌn'wɑntɪd]adj. 不需要的；有害的；讨厌的；空闲的181. Unwanted Intrusion 不速之客182. precision [prɪ'sɪʒ(ə)n]n. 精度，[数] 精密度；精确adj. 精密的，精确的183. high precision 高精度184. precision machinery 精密机械；精密机械学185. measurement precision [机] 测量精度186. sculpture ['skʌlptʃə]n. 雕塑；雕刻；刻蚀vt. 雕塑；雕刻；刻蚀vi. 从事雕刻187. ice sculpture 冰雕188. stone sculpture 石雕189. sculpture crafts 雕塑工艺品| 工艺品雕塑| 木制工艺品190. fluidity [flʊ'ɪdəti]n. [流] 流动性；流质；易变性191. membrane fluidity [生物物理] 膜流动性192. thin fluidity 易流动性193. evaporate [ɪ'væpəreɪt]vt. 使……蒸发；使……脱水；使……消失vi. 蒸发，挥发；消失，失踪194. boiling evaporate 沸腾蒸发195. evaporation [ɪ,væpə'reʃən]n. 蒸发；消失196. evaporation loss 蒸气损失197. evaporation rate [气象][物] 蒸发率；[气象] 蒸发速度198. evaporation temperature 蒸发温度199. evaporation capacity 蒸发（容）量，[气象][化工] 蒸发能力；蒸发率200. mirror ['mɪrə]n. 镜子；真实的写照；榜样vt. 反射；反映201. mirror image [数][光] 镜像202. mirror surface 镜面；镜像曲面203. rearview mirror （车辆）后视镜204. mirror effect 镜象效应205. effortless ['efətlɪs]adj. 容易的；不费力气的206. effortlessly ['efətlisli]adv. 轻松地；毫不费劲地207. Almost Effortlessly 几乎毫不费力208. massive ['mæsɪv]adj. 大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁伟的209. massive data 海量数据210. prescription [prɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]n. 药方；指示；惯例adj. 凭处方方可购买的211. folk prescription 偏方；民间药方212. prescription drug 须医师处方才可买的药品213. prescription medicine 处方药214. on prescription 凭处方(的)，根据药方(的)215. medication [medɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]n. 药物；药物治疗；药物处理216. oral medication 内服；口服法217. diabete n. 糖尿病218. tout [taʊt]vt. 兜售；招徕；刺探赛马情报vi. 兜售；招徕顾客；拉选票n. 侦查者；兜售者219. ticket tout 票贩子220. scary ['skeərɪ]adj. 提心吊胆的；引起惊慌的；胆小的221. scary costs 吓人的支出222. scary animals 可怕的动物223. insure [ɪn'ʃɔː; ɪn'ʃʊə]vt. 确保，保证；给…保险vi. 确保；投保224. insure against 给保险以防225. insurance [ɪn'ʃʊər(ə)ns]n. 保险；保险费；保险契约；赔偿金226. insurance company 保险公司227. medical insurance 医疗保险228. unemployment insurance 失业保险229. swing [swɪŋ]n. 摇摆；摆动；秋千；音律；涨落vi. 摇摆；转向；悬挂；大摇大摆地行走vt. 使旋转；挥舞；悬挂adj. 旋转的；悬挂的；强节奏爵士音乐的230. in full swing 活跃；正在全力进行中231. go with a swing 顺利进行；节奏轻快232. swing by 用吊挂；路经；短暂拜访233. swing one's weight 发挥个人的影响(或权势)；施展个人权势(或影响) 234. pharmacy ['fɑːməsɪ]n. 药房；配药学，药剂学；制药业；一批备用药品235. College of Pharmacy 药学院；药剂学院236. pharmacy equipment 药房设备237. downside ['daʊnsaɪd]n. 下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的238. downside risk 跌价风险；下跌风险239. on the downside 下降中，衰落中，衰减中240. pharmacist ['fɑːməsɪst]n. 药剂师241. chief pharmacist 主任药师| 总药剂师242. associate chief pharmacist 副主任药师243. overhead [əʊvə'hed]adv. 在头顶上；在空中；在高处adj. 高架的；在头上的；在头顶上的n. 天花板；[会计] 经常费用244. overhead crane 桥式吊车，高架起重机245. overhead line 架空线路；架空管道246. overhead light 顶灯，高架照明灯247. overhead expense 营业费用；企业管理费用248. general overhead 一般间接费用249. No Overhead 不准超车250. trial ['traɪəl]n. 试验；审讯；努力；磨炼adj. 试验的；审讯的251. on trial 在试验中；在受审252. trial and error 反复试验；尝试错误法253. trial period 试用期254. first trial 初审；初次试验255. criminal trial 刑事审判256. civil trial 民事审判257. by trial and error 反复试验，不断摸索258. court trial 法庭审判259. stand trial 在受审260. protest ['prəʊtest]vi. 抗议；断言vt. 抗议；断言n. 抗议adj. 表示抗议的；抗议性的261. protest against 反对，对提出抗议262. without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地；在不保留异议的情况下263. under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地264. protest about 对...提出抗议265. bullpen ['bʊlpen]n. 牛栏；大房间；（棒球）候补队员区266. brokerage ['brəʊk(ə)rɪdʒ]n. 佣金；回扣；中间人业务267. brokerage firm 经济商行；经纪行；经纪商（号）268. brokerage industry 中介业269. stock brokerage 证券经纪业，股票经纪业；股票经纪业务270. brokerage house 经纪行271. spill [spɪl]vt. 使溢出，使流出；使摔下vi. 溢出，流出；摔下；涌流n. 溢出，溅出；溢出量；摔下；小塞子272. oil spill 漏油；浮油273. spill over 溢出274. spill the beans 泄密；说漏嘴275. spill out （使）溢出，（使）溅出；突然涌出；说出（真相、内情）276. chemical spill 化学溢出物；化学品溢漏277. metallic [mɪ'tælɪk]adj. 金属的，含金属的278. metallic element [化学] 金属元素279. metallic material [材] 金属材料280. metallic glass 金属玻璃，玻璃合金281. shackle ['ʃæk(ə)l]n. 束缚；桎梏；脚镣vt. 束缚；加枷锁282. heart shackle 心形卸扣283. hook shackle 吊钩卸扣284. captor ['kæptə]n. 捕获者；俘虏者285. pile [paɪl]n. 堆；大量；建筑群vt. 累积；打桩于vi. 挤；堆积；积累286. a pile of 一堆；很多287. pile in 塞进；挤入288. pile up 积累，堆放起来289. pile on 堆在之上；使堆积在290. mattress ['mætrɪs]n. 床垫；褥子；空气垫291. spring mattress [家具] 弹簧床垫；弹簧褥子292. air mattress 空气垫；橡胶气垫293. dictate [dɪk'teɪt]vt. 命令；口述；使听写vi. 口述；听写n. 命令；指示294. figure dictate 图形表达295. sensibility [,sensɪ'bɪlɪtɪ]n. 情感；敏感性；感觉；识别力296. musical sensibility 乐感297. tracking sensibility 跟踪灵敏度298. superficial [,suːpə'fɪʃ(ə)l; ,sjuː-]adj. 表面的；肤浅的n. 表面文章；外表；浅薄的人299. superficial layer [解剖] 浅层；[流] 表面层300. superficial area 表面积301. superficial fascia [解剖] 浅筋膜302. cement [sɪ'ment]vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi. 粘牢n. 水泥；接合剂303. in cement [美国口语]坚定不移的，不妥协的304. cement concrete 水泥混凝土305. cement industry 水泥工业306. heathen ['hiːð(ə)n]n. 异教徒；粗野的人adj. 异教的；野蛮的307. blameless ['bleɪmlɪs]adj. 清白的；无可责备的；无过失的308. blameless cycle 良性循环309. Legally Blameless 按照法律无罪310. gospel ['gɒsp(ə)l]n. 真理；信条adj. 传播福音的；福音赞美诗的311. gospel musicn. 福音音乐（美国黑人的一种宗教音乐）312. damnation [dæm'neɪʃ(ə)n]n. 诅咒；非难；被罚下地狱int. 糟了；该死313. forgivable [fɚ'ɡɪvəbl]adj. 可宽恕的；可原谅的314. resent [rɪ'zent]vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶315. resent society 憎恨社会316. bring into line 使排齐；使一致317. to bring into line with 使一致318. heartless ['hɑːtlɪs]adj. 无情的；无勇气的319. Heartless Betrayal 无情背叛320. victim ['vɪktɪm]n. 受害人；牺牲品；牺牲者321. fall victim to 成为的牺牲品；成为的受害者；屈服于；被降服322. prestige [pre'stiː(d)ʒ]n. 威望，声望；声誉323. occupational prestige 职业声望324. high prestige 崇高威望325. stake [steɪk]n. 桩，棍子；赌注；火刑；奖金vt. 资助，支持；系…于桩上；把…押下打赌vi. 打赌326. at stake 危如累卵；处于危险中；在紧要关头327. stake someone to something为某人取得某物而提供金钱(或援助)，资助某人取得某物328. equity stake 股权329. go to the stake (被绑在火刑柱上)受火刑；为自己的行为或信仰而受苦难赴汤蹈火330. have a stake in 与利害攸关331. stake out 监视；立桩标出；派警察监视332. stake on 在...上打赌；把赌注押在...上面333. wholesale ['həʊlseɪl]adj. 批发的；大规模的n. 批发adv. 大规模地；以批发方式vt. 批发vi. 批发；经营批发业334. wholesale market [贸易] 批发市场335. wholesale price 批发价格336. wholesale business 批发业务，批发生意337. wholesale trade 批发贸易338. wholesaler ['həul,seilə] n. 批发商339. preacher ['priːtʃə]n. 牧师；传教士；鼓吹者340. sermon ['sɜːmən]n. 布道；训诫；启示；冗长的讲话vt. 对…布道；对…说教vi. 布道341. Sermon Outline 讲道大纲| 讲题和大纲342. plead [pliːd]vt. 借口；为...辩护；托称vi. 恳求；辩护343. plead guilty 服罪；被告服罪344. plead for 请求；为辩护345. plead with 向恳求；恳求346. plead against sb 反驳某人347. pleader ['plidɚ]n. 答辩人；辩论者348. codify ['kəʊdɪfaɪ]vt. 编纂；将...编成法典；编成法典349. Codify laws 编纂法律350. normative ['nɔːmətɪv]adj. 规范的，标准的351. normative economics [经] 规范经济学352. normative mineral [矿物] 标准矿物353. regard [rɪ'gɑːd]vi. 注意，注重；注视vt. 注重，考虑；看待；尊敬；把看作；与有关n. 注意；尊重；问候；凝视354. with regard to 关于；至于356. in regard to 关于355. in this regard 就这一点而言357. regard as 把……认作358. without regard to 不考虑；不顾及359. pay regard to 重视；注意到360. in regard of 关于361. prescriptive [prɪ'skrɪptɪv]adj. 规定的，规范的；指定的362. prescriptive right [法] 因时效而取得的权利；法定期限权363. Prescriptive Period 时效期364. bulk [bʌlk]n. 体积，容量；大多数，大部分；大块vt. 使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要365. the bulk of 大多数，大部366. in bulk 整批，散装；大批，大量367. bulk density 容积密度，[物] 体积密度；单位体积重量368. bulk cement 散装水泥369. bulk production 批量生产370. sweep [swiːp]vt. 扫除；猛拉；掸去vi. 扫，打扫；席卷；扫视；袭击n. 打扫，扫除；范围；全胜371. sweep the floor 扫地；清洁地面；清扫地板，拖地板372. sweep away 清除；一扫而空373. clean sweep 全胜；快速整理374. frequency sweep 频率扫描375. sweep up 大扫除；收拾干净376. sweep out 清除；扫除377. sweep down 突袭378. sweep rate [电子] 扫描频率；扫描速度379. downtime ['daʊntaɪm]n. （工厂等由于检修，待料等的）停工期；[电子] 故障停机时间380. maintenance downtime 停机检修时间381. spectator [spek'teɪtə]n. 观众；旁观者382. spectator sport 吸引大量观众的体育运动383. Media Spectator 新闻观察384. sibling ['sɪblɪŋ]n. 兄弟姊妹；民族成员385. sibling rivalry 同胞争宠；手足之争386. sibling species [遗] 同胞种；两似种387. culprit ['kʌlprɪt]n. 犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人388. prime culprit 主犯，首犯389. accessory culprit 从犯390. demoralize [dɪ'mɔrəlaɪz]vt. 使道德败坏；使堕落；使士气低落391. demoralize cheer 士气受挫392. divide and demoralize 分化瓦解393. rivalry['raɪv(ə)lrɪ]n. 竞争；对抗；竞赛394. business rivalry 商业竞争395. rivalry behavior争偶行为。
北京师范大学外国语言文学学院英语语言文学考博真题-参考书-分数线-分析资料-复习方法-育明考博
北京师范大学外国语言文学学院英语语言文学考博指导与分析一、北京师范大学外国语言文学学院考博资讯北京师范大学外国语言文学学院的课程与教学论专业初试的两门专业课均用英文答题其余的见下文。
（一）考试科目及各方向导师：2.050201英语语言文学研究方向01：英美诗歌。
导师是章燕。
考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。
（2）2019英美文学基础（100%）。
（3）3809英美诗歌及诗论（100%）。
研究方向02：英国现代小说。
导师是蒋虹。
考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。
（2）2019英美文学基础（100%）。
（3）3005英国现代小说（100%）。
研究方向03：翻译学。
导师是张政。
考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。
（2）2036翻译学基础（100%）。
（3）3077中外翻译理论（100%）。
研究方向04：西方现代戏剧。
导师是曹雷雨。
考试的科目：（1）1113二外（日语）或1114二外（法语）（100%）。
（2）2019英美文学基础（100%）。
（3）3179西方现代戏剧（100%）。
（二）复试分数线：1.复试原则与分数线：此分数线是各专业的最低复试/录取分数要求。
只适用于报考普通博士生、高校辅导员在职攻读思想政治教育专业博士学位研究生、高校思想政治理论课教师在职攻读马克思主义理论博士学位研究生的考生，不适用于少数民族高层次骨干人才攻读博士学位研究生和对口支援西部地区高等学校定向培养博士学位研究生。
未组织复试的导师，将在此分数线基础上，按照一定比例确定复试名单，并在4月中旬前组织复试，具体复试名单由报考院系通过院系网站或电话告知。
已经复试的导师，将在此分数线基础上，依据录取规则，按顺序录取。
专业代码及名称外国语业务课一业务课二总分050201英语语言文学5060601802.复试方案：复试将对考生科研及实践经验、学术潜力、实践能力、综合素质等进行全面考查。
北京师范大学博士入学考试试卷
北京师范大学博士入学考试试卷Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A (50%)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a),b),c) and d).You should decide on the best choice and circle the letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’s fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out. Following is a simple guide to the world of money-laundering.Money-laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation. The word and practice are widely believed to have been invented by the US Mafia (黑手党). As a means of mixing the dirty cash obtained from prostitution, gambling, gun-running, blackmail and its other wicked activities, so that it came out more or less clean, the Mafia bought up and operated large numbers of Laundromats (自助洗衣点). As good cash businesses they were a good means of providing the appearance of honest cash flow.Various techniques can be employed and the means of money-laundering, but they essentially boil down to three stages. Step one: moving the money from the scene of the crime A to a remote location B, ideally in another country, preferably a bank account, if possible one that is anonymous. Step two: disguisingthe trail leading from A to B. Step three: making the cash available to the criminals, along with a plausible explanation of how ti came legally into their possession.Apart from harming the economies that it feeds off, the money-laundering industry is essential to organized crime. As the head of the UN’s crime-fighting wing Pino Arlacchi remarked, organized crime “brutalizes society and diminishes respect for the value like honesty and cooperation upon which succ essful societies are based”. Or as a senior US official said in 1999, “money-laundering may look like a polite form of white-collar crime, but it is the companion of brutality, deceit and corruption.”The liberalization of markets around the world and deregulation(解除管制) of exchange controls are regarded ad the chief causes of the rapid expansion of money-laundering over the past decade. Together they have opened up many more channels for laundering dirty money and provided more opportunities to hide its origins. UN officials believe the most important single measure in eliminating money-laundering is the ending of bank secrecy.1. We know from the passage that money-laundering .a) has almost been stamped out by the world’s financial authorities.b) has grea tly promoted the development of the world’s industries.c) only has a ten-year history but has grown rapidly.d) has expanded rapidly over the past decade.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “stamp it out” (para.1) in the first p aragraph?a) To put an end to it completely.b) To mark a sign by pressing on it.c) To announce it illegal.d) To do harm to is.3. The reason why the Mafia bought up and ran substantial Laundromats is that .a) the Mafia can carry out large numbers of illegal transactions in them.b) the Mafia has many wicked activities like prostitution and gambling in them.c) the Laundromats can give the dirty cash the appearance of legitimate income.d) the Laundromats is such a profit-making industry that it has attracted the Mafia.4. In money-laundering, money would be moved from the scene of the crime to .a) the financial authoritiesb) the circulation fields.c) Laundromats operated by the Mafia.d) anonymous bank account in another country.5. With the worldwide liberalization of markets, money-laundering has expanded rapidly by .a) deregulating the exchange controls.b) buying and operating more Laundromats.c) having more channels to launder dirty money.d) tightening the bank secrecy rules.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The media can impact current events. As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that wore occurring on campus.Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV. I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media. I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage. This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinctions between these realities.Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day. People gather more and more of their impressions from representations. Television and telephone communications are linking people to global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.Consider the information that television brings into your home every day. Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone. These media extend your consciousness and your contact. For example, thevideo coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “live action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts. This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster. T elevision coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy. CNN reported events as they happened. This coverage was distributed worldwide. Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters. This events was triggered by the verdict (裁定) in the Rodney King beating. 32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved . Mediacoverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events. This can have harmful results, as is seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles. By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading, “Can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace. The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools. Because of that, many more people turned out to join the peaceful event they saw unfolding on television. The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.6. Where is the passage most likely to be from?a) Textbook of Media.b) Thesis.c) Newspaper or Magazine.d) Speech.7. The 1989 San Francisco earthquake was mentioned to show .a) how damaging the earthquake was.b) how people carried out rescue workc) the electronic media extend your consciousness and your contact.d) the viewers’ impression of total disaster.8. The term “ electronic city”( para.2) refers to .a) Los Angelesb) San Franciscoc) Berkeleyd) Earth9. The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because .a) the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King.b) people can make their own judgments.c) video coverage from helicopters had made people angry.d) video coverage had provided powerful feedback.10. It can be inferred from the passage that .a) media coverage of events as they occur can have either good of bad results.b) most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree withthe verdict of jury.c) the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week.d) Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday. Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions(离子) in the air can have an ill effect on people’s physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particle, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a large proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes of when winds such as the mistral(寒冷的西北风) are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity(静电) indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffernausea(恶心) or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes. Snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these are near the sea, close to waterfalls of fountains ,or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effort of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic(地震的) readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.11. What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?a) They think they are insane.b) They feel rather bad-tempered.c) They become violently sick.d) They are too tired to do anything.12. According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by .a) using home-made electrical goods.b) wearing clothes made of natural materials.c) waling on artificial floor coverings.d) copying TV programs on a computer.13. A high negative ion count is likely to be found .a) near a pond with a water pump.b) close to slow flowing riverc) in some barren mountains.d) by a rotating water sprinkler.14. What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?a) Ionizers.b) Air-conditioners.c) Exhaust-fansd) Vacuum-pump15. Some scientists believe that .a) watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effectiveb) the unusual behaviors of animals can not be trustedc ) neither watching nor using seismograph is reliabled) earthquakes cannot affect any animalsPassage FourQuestions 16to 20 are based on the following passage.Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of programmer. 34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complexand bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time to understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in adding extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps t hose hackers know something that we don’t know about the shape of things to come. “That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry,”says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former ha ckers became the founders of the highly successfulApple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into people’s lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”, so “capable”, so “human”, affects the way we think about ourselves and our ideas about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in children’s efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances(细微差距)and textured relationships with the computers as they can with people.” Turkle points out.16. The passage tells about .a) the strange behavior of the computer hackersb) the ultimate importance of bringing up computer hackersc) different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenond) the emergence of computer hackers17. According to Prof.Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers’ strange behavior isa) their strong desire to control the computerb) their ignorance of the responsibility of a programmerc) their incompetence in making new computer programsd) their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable18. In Prof. Dertouzos’ opinion, we know that .a) computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersb) the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenc) the hackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopled) only a few hackers will be successful in their later life19. The phrase“to develop an identity”(Para.4) means .a) to become distinguishedb) to seek an answerc) to build up a creative abilityd) to form a habit20. The passage tries to convey to its readers the idea that .a) perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allb) though the hackers are in fact playing with the computer, there may be somebenefitsc) the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowd) the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidancePassage FiveQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The value of a business increasingly lies not in physical and financial assets that are on the balance sheet, but in intangibles: brands, patents, franchises, software, research programs, ideas and expertise. Few firms try to measure returns on these assets, let alone publish information on them. Yet they are often what underlies a firm’s success. “Our primary assets, which are our software and our software-development skills, do not show up on the balance sheet at all,”says Microsoft’s boss, Bill Gates. “This is probably not very enlightening from a purely accounting point of view.”A sign that companies do not measure their assets properly may be the growing gap between their stock-market value and the book value of their assets. Between 1973 and 1993, the median ratio of market values to book values of American public companies doubles; the difference has grown with a boom in high-tech shares. The gap is biggest for companies that have most rapidly boosted spending on research and development(R&D). Even within industries, the divergence(分歧) between stock-market returns and reported earnings has increased.You might think this would present a problem for investors, who no linger have a good way of telling whether the market value of a company is soundly based. Yet investors seem to knowinstinctively that knowledge is valuable. 35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, but it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad. Presumably investors understand that companies in knowledge-based businesses can exploit the magic of rising returns to scale. Once a pill or a software program is developed, each extra sale brings in more money at little extra cost: the bigger the market, the greater the profits.In fact, the absence of good measures may bother those who run firms more than those who invest in them. For managers, the big problem is how to judge rates of return. With building a factory, there are time-honored methods for calculating the payback. But what if you are investing in R&D or software, or deciding whether to buy better people or to train more? There aren’t tools for mak ing such decisions.21. The intangibles of a company are reflected in .a) physical and financial assetsb) stock-market valuec) the balance sheetd) the difference between the stock-market value and the book value22. What can we infer about Microsoft?a) It has no book-value assets.b) Its stock-market value equals its book value.c) There’s a great gap between its stock-market value and book value.d) Its stock-market value does not reflect the company’s real value23. Why does the share price of American multinationals rise?a) Because they buy foreign subsidiariesb) Because they invest much in intangible assets.c) Because they have low R&D spendingd) Because the investors know the methods for calculating the payback ofknowledge-based businesses24. An investor who buys stocks of a company in knowledge-based businesses baseshis decision on .a) pure speculation(投机)b) the company’s book valuec) whether the company buys foreign subsidiariesd) the prospect that its research will translate into low cost products25. The phrase “such decisions”(Para.4) refers to .a) running firms in knowledge-based businessesb) investing in firms in knowledge-based businessesc) judging rates of return on firms in knowledge-based businessesd) calculating returns on a newly-built factorySection BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 26~30, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)Life is full of dangers and surprise. Your house may burn down. You may fall out of the window and break your neck. Mice and beetles ay eat your floor so that you drop in to the flat below for an uninvited cup of tea.26. .You cannot always prevent disasters, but you can insure against them. Most forms of insurance are voluntar y-it is up to you whether you take out a policy or not. But some forms are compulsory. 27. .The “parties” to an agree ment, or contract, are the individuals or groups concerned. With third-party motor insurance, the three parties are (i) you yourself, (ii) your insurance company, and (iii) anybody else---for example, the man whose Jaguar has just smashed up your Mini. Third –party insurance does not cover fire, theft or anything else. It is intended only to protect road users from each other. 28. .Another form of compulsory insurance is National Insurance. Everybody over 16 earning money on a regular basis must pay a sum each week to the state. These weekly contributions cover part of the cost of the National Health Service and the other social service benefits, e.g. unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, old-age pensions, industrial injury benefits and so on. You must be able to prove you have paid your contributions, so you must have a card(kept by your employer unless you are self-employed) onto which stamps are stuck every week. Of course, you can take out private health insurance as well if you wish, but you must still pay your state contributions.There are, of course, many insurance companies in Britain, both large andsmall. But there is also a rather special organization called Lloyd’s, which started as a coffee-house in late 17th century. Lloyd’s is a society of around six thousand members-all of them underwriters-and is administered by a committee controlled by Act of Parliament.29. .You have to go to an insurance broker who will then contact a member of Lloyd’s for you. If you want to insure something expensive---like a fleet of Jumbo jets, forexample-your broker will probably have to contact a syndicate of underwriters because the risks would be too high for one man to cover.Lloyd’s will probably insure you against any risk at all---provided you are prepared to pay the premiums.30. .Maybe clowns insure their noses. You never know-anything may happen.A.Professional pianists sometimes insure their hands.B.Insurance on the other hand eliminates risks already in existence and , bycombining them, substitutes a small known loss(premium) contributed by each person insured.C.If you drive a car, for example, you must take out a third-party insurance policy.D.So it is not an insurance company in the normal sense, but an insurance marketand you cannot do business with it directly.E.If you want to insure against all the other terrible things that might happen to youor your car, you can take out a comprehensive policy.F.This spreading of risk protects the individual against losses that may be disastrousif he has to bear them alone.G.Anything may happen, you never know.Part II TranslationSection ADirections: Translate the following five sentences(all of which are underlined sentences in the five reading passages in Section A, Part I.) into Chinese. Remember to write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Money-laundering (洗钱) has been one of the world’sfastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the world’s financial authorities to stamp it out.32. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury was able to acquit (宣布无罪) the policemen involved .33. To increase the supply of negative irons indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions.34.The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they don’t bother trying to make it understandable to other users.35. A study has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when they buy foreign subsidiaries, bu it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese Remember to write your translation clear on the Answer SHEET.(10%).The media help democracy when they provide more choices to more people, but they do no favors to democracy when they turn themselves from beacons(信号站) of light into heat-seeking missiles. For example, the president’s 1995 State of the Union address took more than an hour, which apparently was about a half hour more than the patience of most network commentators(commentator: person who comments) could tolerate. In their instant analysis after the speech, they allcriticized its length and “ lack of focus”. Yet judging by polls and talk shows the next day, most Americans appeared to appreciate the content of the president’s speech. T oday the media investigate less and preach mor e.......Part III WritingSection ADirections:For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition entitled “Which one Do You Think Is More Imp ortant, Pleasure Or Longevity?”. You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%) (Just for your reference)People are almost phobic(恐惧症) about having fun, increasingly viewing themselves as fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation(刺激). In the name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including calories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol(胆固醇)---can rob your life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengthens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity（长寿）Give your own comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.Section BDirections: Answer the following question with no less than 50 words. Remember to write your answer clearly on theANSWER SHEET.（5%）Who is Confucius(孔子)？（over）。
2005年北京大学考博英语真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2005年北京大学考博英语真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Proofreading 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．That Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______ of folk arts.A．heritageB．heredityC．heroismD．hermitage正确答案：A解析：heritage“传统，遗产”符合题意。
其他三项：heredity遗传，形质遗化；heroism英雄主义；hermitage偏僻的寺院。
2．As for the missing funds, the company manager, when demanded to give an explanation, could not even come up with a ______ one.A．plaintiveB．pervasiveC．perpetualD．plausible正确答案：D解析：plausible“似是而非的”符合题意，如：a plausible excuse看似有理的借口。
其他三项：plaintive悲哀的，哀伤的；pervasive颠倒的，曲解的；perpetual 永久的。
3．The government’s policies in the past five years have shown a (n) ______ in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants’ livelihood.A．exaltationB．coherenceC．agonyD．behavior正确答案：B解析：coherence“一致”符合题意。
考博英语(语法)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．That grand-sized pine tree______the horizon.(北京大学2005年试题)A．stands up well againstB．stands out good toC．stands out well againstD．stands up good to正确答案：C解析：stand out against sth．的意思是“突出，显眼”，符合题意。
stand up against 的意思是“抵抗，反对，同……对抗”；stand out to sth．无此搭配；stand up to sth．的意思是“经得起磨损”。
本题是说巨大的松树突出地显现在地平线上。
因此C项为正确答案。
2．“The effect of this medicine______by midnight,”the doctor told Emma, “You had better not try to read tonight. “(北京大学2005年试题)A．will wear offB．wears offC．will have worn offD．will be worn off正确答案：B解析：当表示普遍规律时应用一般现在时，因此B项为正确答案。
3．______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.(北京大学2005年试题)A．Being shown around the campusB．Having shown to the campusC．After been shown around the campusD．Having been shown around the campus正确答案：D解析：因为在was ushered into the auditorium hall之前就发生了be shown aroundthe campus这一动作，所以应用完成时的被动语态。
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English Entrance Examination for Non-English Major Doctoral CandidatesMarch 26,2005Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken only once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C and D on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.1.A.？？？？？The researcher was careless in performing this experiment.B.？？？？？The researcher tried to think of problems before they happened.C.？？？？？Before performing the experiment, the researcher was very nervous.D.？？？？Before performing the experiment, the researcher was very tired.2.A.？？？？？The speaker used a soft, low voice.B.？？？？？The speaker didn’t seem to care much about what he was saying.C.？？？？？The speaker was focused and spoke with great passion.D.？？？？The speaker used long. Complicated sentences.3.A.？？？？？Language changes very slowly.B.？？？？？Language changes very quickly.C.？？？？？Language changes over fifty year periods.D.？？？？Language changes over ten year periods.4.A.？？？？？Southern France has never known severe winters.B.？？？？？In northern France, one can live in comfort all the year round.C.？？？？？In general, the French people enjoy a mild climate.D.？？？？People in southern France often experience severe winters.5.A.？？？？？Fiona is not afraid to give a presentation now.B.？？？？？Fiona’s fever is gone just before the presentation.C.？？？？？Fiona will hear about the final speech.D.？？？？Fiona will come over to the conference.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D on your test paper, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWERR SHEET with a single line through the centre.6.A.？？？？？Korean food.B.？？？？？Chinese food.C.？？？？？Italian food.D.？？？？Indian food.7.A.？？？？？Both of them have overcome their fear of heights.B.？？？？？The woman is still afraid of high places. But the man is not.C.？？？？？They are both afraid of high places.D.？？？？Both of them like to stand on high places.8.A.？？？？？She can’t wear them any more.B.？？？？？She doesn’t like them any more.C.？？？？？She can’t wash them in machine any more.D.？？？？She doesn’t like casual dress any more.9.A.？？？？？March 3td.B.？？？？？March 12th.C.？？？？？March 29th.D.？？？？March 30th.10.A.？？？？？Being private versus being alone.B.？？？？？Being alone versus being with friends.C.？？？？？Being a guest versus being a host.D.？？？？Being lonely versus being alone.11.A.？？？？？She liked it.B.？？？？？She disliked it.C.？？？？？She had no idea about it.D.？？？？She hadn’t heard about it.12.A.？？？？？The insurance company is worried that they might have to pay a lotof money.B.？？？？？The insurance company sees a chance to give the man lots of physicaltests.C.？？？？？The insurance company is the first to pay for a man’s geneticdiseases.D.？？？？The insurance company does not know how many children the man willhave.13.A.？？？？？A long and difficult trip through poor countries.B.？？？？？A chance to learn new language and make money.C.？？？？？An adventure in learning about a different culture.D.？？？？An adventure that combines a vacation with a rest.14.A.？？？？？He will not accept a late paper from her.B.？？？？？Her is interested only in her ideas.C.？？？？？He wants her to correct her paper.D.？？？？He will accept a late paper from her.15.A.？？？？？He will have his operation at 9 o’clock.B.？？？？？He is under operation now.C.？？？？？He already had his operation.D.？？？？He is all right now.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a talk about moving to a new campus. Look at statements 16 through 20 for this part on your test paper and decide if each statement is correct. While you are listening, if you think the statement is correct based on the talk, mark letter A on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. If you think it isnot correct, mark letter B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.16. All agriculture science students will stay where they are.17. Some history teachers will move immediately to the new campus.18. Engineering staff has already made their move.19. Part of the Faculty of Law is in its new building.20. The former Law building may become an art gallery.Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Chose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps present a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain？ an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of abservation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, droughts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air level which often set the stage for the development of air masses fronts and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for？ weather modification studies.21. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is？？？？？ .A. fronts？？？？？？？B. changes in temperature？？？C. frost？？？？？？D. wind speed22. The 30-day forecast is determined by examining ？？？？？？.A. daily weather maps？？？？？？？？？？B. upper air levelsC. satellite reports？？？？？？？？？？？？？？D. changing fronts23. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageousbecause it？？？？？ .A.？？？？？is modern and profitable for the companies involvedB.？？？？？uses electronic instruments to measure the weather on a daily basisC.？？？？？enables man to easily alter the weather to his advantage and profitD.？？？？gives the scientists information not obtained readily otherwise24. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in？？？？？ .A. manipulating weather？？？？B. determining density of pressuregroupsC. satellites？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？D. controlling storms25. A weather map is synoptic because it？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？summarizes a great deal of informationB.？？？？？appears dailyC.？？？？？shows changing frontsD.？？？？can be interpreted accurately2With only a bout 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past fi ve years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, said he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success p ossible. It’s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A&M---to save animals from extinction.”Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda. Native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white while rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eg gs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes.“They will probably have to do sevcral hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a？long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A&M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this very simil ar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a rescarch that is very much needed.”26. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to？？？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasB.？？？？？implant embryo into a host animalC.？？？？？introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of aJapanese white rabbitD.？？？？save endangered animals from extinction27. How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to thepassage?A. 3 to 5 years.？？？？B. 1 year.？？？？？？C. 25 years.？？？？？D. 2 years.28. The word “groundbreaking” (Paragraph 7) can be interpretedas？？？？？？？？？ .A. pioneering？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？B. essentially newC. epoch-making？？？？？？？？？？？？D. evolutionary29. What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according toProfessor Kraemer?A.？？？？？Lack of host animals.B.？？？？？Lack of available panda eggs.C.？？？？？Lack of funds.D.？？？？Lack of qualified researchers.30. The best title for the passage may be？？？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？China’s Efforts to Clone PandasB.？？？？？China---the Native Place of Pandas ForeverC.？？？？？Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD.？？？？China’s First Cloned Panda3St. Paul has transformed soaring energy costs into a golden opportunity for economic development by putting the final touches on plans to:1.？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Build the nation’s first system that will heat all majordowntown buildings with waste heat now being dumped into the Mississippi River by electric utilities.2.？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Create a &9-million “energy bank” to lend money toimprove the energy efficiency of homes at low 9-to-11-percent interest rates.3.？？？？？？？？？？？？？？？Construct the nation’s first “energy park”. The areawill include only those commercial, residential, and industrialfacilities that are doing something energy-related. More than &150-million worth of commitments has already been lined up.These developments did not just happen. They resulted when Mayor George Latimer asked volunteers to chart a new future for a city that is twice as cold as New York. “We cannot any longer look to foreign nations, old companies or the federal government to solve our energy crisis,” Latimer told his co nstituents. “We must look to ourselves to find the answers.”31. The reason why these developments did not happen before was(that)？？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？the city imported enough foreign oil for its major downtownbuildingsB.？？？？？the federal government didn’t approve the necessary money for theconstructionC.？？？？？not givenD.？？？？St. Paul is colder than New York32. St. Paul？？？？？ .A.？？？？？is located on the bank of the Mississippi RiverB.？？？？？has got a new mayor recentlyC.？？？？？is looking for the best approaches to solving its energy shortageD.？？？？is lending money for commercial, residential and industrial purposes33. The plans？？？？？ .A.？？？？？were drawn by Mayor George LatimerB.？？？？？were only for St. Paul’s major downtown buildingsC.？？？？？were created by volunteers when they were asked to offer their ideasD.？？？？were turning a golden opportunity into economic development34. Which of the following facilities are/is NOT energy-related?A.？？？？？Shops or supermarkets.B.？？？？？A computer center or a factory.C.？？？？？Private homes.D.？？？？Advertisement boards.35. Judging from what Mayor Latimer said, we are sure that？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？these developments will some day become trueB.？？？？？foreign nations and oil companies are not reliableC.？？？？？the future of St. Paul is quite uncertainD.？？？？high energy costs will soon be eliminated4Ideas about “spoiling” children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child. Haw does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling; they have always included concepts of a child’s nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adult.The many mothers of the 1820s who belonged to the early “maternal associations” struggled to uphold the ideals about child raising that had been prevalent in the 18th century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptations of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach t hese mothers knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology of Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote. “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute of an evil disposition---however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity, by which was meant the child’s impulses, could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child submitted completely to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the father’s order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama” so the toddler was left alone in a room where she screamed wildly for ten minutes. After the ten minutes, the child was commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one suchtrial of “will”, the child became permanently submissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a child’s “No” period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the saying “Spare the rod and spoil the child”.By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and sobriety. These moral principles, fixed in the child’s character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.36. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling ofchildren”, he does not include the？？？？？ .A.？？？？？nature of a childB.？？？？？reasons why spoiling occursC.？？？？？images of an ideal adult and childD.？？？？attitudes of spoiled children when they become adults37. “Spare the rod and spoil the child” means？？？？？ .A.？？？？？spoiling children is not as evil as it seemsB.？？？？？eliminating physical punishment is a sound policyC.？？？？？if you do not inflict physical punishment, you will spoil your childD.？？？？“spoiling children” is a matter of definition38. The author suggests that nineteenth century parents were chieflyinterested in a child’s？？？？？ .A.？？？？？growing up to be industriousB.？？？？？acquiring good character traitsC.？？？？？learning to compete successfullyD.？？？？respecting his parents slavishly39. People in the 19th century be believed their society to be based onall but？？？？？ .A.？？？？？free enterpriseB.？？？？？competitive endeavorC.？？？？？individualismD.？？？？honesty40. The purpose of this passage is to？？？？？ .A.？？？？？informB.？？？？？persuadeC.？？？？？inciteD.？？？？change an attitude5The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especially sharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women’s liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs are careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising.From costing nothing, children suddenly to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties, introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstances---women working outside the home and the instability of marriage--- tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries in the near future. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1998 and 1999 have been consumed Urbanization is likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2010. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspiration will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the new century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brought under control, the news is encouraging.41. During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the UnitedStates？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？increasedB.？？？？？was reducedC.？？？？？experienced both falls and risesD.？？？？remained stable42. What influences the birth rate most in the United Statesis？？？？？ .A.？？？？？highly paid jobsB.？？？？？women’s desire for independenceC.？？？？？expenses of child raisingD.？？？？high divorce rate43. The sentence “From costing nothing, children s uddenly come to seemimpossibly expensive” implies that？？？？？ .A.？？？？？food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB.？？？？？prices are going up dramatically all the timeC.？？？？？to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paidjobsD.？？？？social development has made child-raising inexpensive44. A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th centuryis？？？？？？ .A.？？？？？birth controlB.？？？？？the desire to seek fortune in citiesC.？？？？？the instability of marriageD.？？？？the changed place of women45. The population in the new century, according to thewriter.？？？？？ .A.？？？？？will be smaller than a few years agoB.？？？？？will not be as small as people expectC.？？？？？will prove to be a threat to the worldD.？？？？will not continue as serious a problem as expectedⅢ. Translation and Writing (55 points)Part A TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese (25 points):？？？ 1. Natural disasters during the 1980s were 94% more frequent than in the 1970s. While it is possible that such a jump falls within normal climatic variation, insurance executives realize that it also conforms with patterns predicted for global warming.2. The history of New England is written imperishably on the face ofa continent. In the Old World national pride feeds itself with the recordof battles and conquests; ---battles which proved nothing and settled nothing; conquests which shifted a boundary on the map, and put one ugly head instead of another on the coin which the people paid to thetax-gatherer. But wherever the New-Englander travels among the sturdy commonwealths which have sprung from the seed of the Mayflower. Churches, schools, colleges, tell him where the men of his race have been, or their influence penetrated; and an intelligent freedom is the monument of conquests whose results are not to be measured in the square miles. Next to the fugitives whom Moses (摩西) led out of Egypt, the little ship-load of outcasts who landed at Plymouth two centuries and a half ago are destined to influence the future of the world.Translate the following into English (15 points):在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。