上海市2022年高三英语一模六选四(汇编)

上海市2022年高三英语一模六选四（汇编）
Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
2022虹口一模
A.Type 2 is far more common, accounting for more than 90% of cases worldwide.
B.However, urban residents are becoming more willing to exercise, with gyms and yoga classes on the rise.
C.China has an estimated 116 million diabetics, by far the highest number of any country.
D.About 11% of Chinese adults now have the condition, nearly the proportion in America and twice the level in Britain.
E.The other type, though more commonly diagnosed, is not relatively dangerous.
F.City inhabitants tend to be less physically active than people in rural areas.
As China Puts on Weight, Type-2 Diabetes (糖尿病) Is Rapidly Rising
More than 30 years ago, doctors in the northern city of Daqing began a pioneering long-term study into the prevention of type-2 diabetes, a disease which was then thought to affect about 1% of Chinese. When doctors, academics and officials gathered there this autumn to discuss the conclusions and promote prevention work, they faced a very different reality.67______________ Type-2 diabetes is becoming more common globally, but in recent years the rate of the disease has been growing fastest in China.
Diabetes is a disfunction in the body’s regulation of blood-sugar levels. Type 1 is rare and usually shows up early in life, caused by factors that are not yet well understood. It can kill swiftly unless managed with daily injections of insulin (胰岛素). 68______________ It tends to develop in adults, especially if they are overweight or do not exercise much. It can usually be controlled with pills and lifestyle changes, and can sometimes be reversed. Both types, if not well-treated, can
cause complications such as organ damage, blindness, strokes and heart attacks.
69______________Twenty years ago, it had fewer than 25 million. The dramatic increase, almost entirely involving type 2s, worries the government. The study in Daqing showed how lifestyle changes can prevent type 2 among people with damaged glucose tolerance (糖耐量), which is sometimes a start of the condition. The country’s health-care system is trying to ensure symptoms are detected, and help people with them.
A big reason for the increase is that as people get richer, they often consume more processed foods and sugary drinks. One in seven Chinese adults is overfat, including a quarter of adults in Beijing, China’s fattest c ity. The urban proportion of the population has grown from less than 20% to about 60% since 1980.70______________
There may be a genetic link, too. Research finds that ethnic-Han Chinese are acquiring type 2 diabetes while younger and thinner than Caucasians. Smoking is another factor. China has one-fifth of the world’s population but consumes one-third of i ts cigarettes, and most of the daily smokers are men.
答案
67-70 DACF
2022宝山一模
A.Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person—even if it was you who were wrong.
B.This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.
C.Unlike many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.
ually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad.
E.In fact, procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.
F.A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever.
Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do, but instead of challenging it head on, he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible. This delay can take various forms: from doing nothing, to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done. The phenomenon described here is called procrastination, and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.
(67)______________ . They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms, procrastination serves its own purpose, and probably even carries a message worth decoding. So, instead of blaming yourself for being lazy, the next time you procrastinate, try to look past it, and figure out what is happening to you. Most likely, procrastination is your friend. Why?
There are several arguments proving this statement. First of all, it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities. Usually, you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water. Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done. Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different, but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. (68)______________ . On the other hand, procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong, or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest. Either way, the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story; so far, try seeing procrastination as a marker, an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.
Surprisingly enough, procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person. If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. (69)______________ . In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology. The same works for another person: after a cool down period, he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say. Use this to your advantage.
As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing.
(70)______________ . But it is rather a psychological instrument, the main function
of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities, gather information before making an important decision, or finding proper words to make your amends with another person. Thus, instead of avoiding and denying procrastination, you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.
答案
67--70 DFAC
2022崇明一模
A.There are currently many job openings in the United States.
B.Hourly workers are now seeking more flexibility in their schedules.
C.He thinks companies are learning that money alone cannot solve their hiring issues.
D.Now, he notes, it’s more about what you need as an employee and how we can make you happy.
E.It says the rate at which employers were able to fill weekend schedules dropped from January through August compared with weekday work.
F.That contributed to a labor shortage, forcing employers to look for ways to make their jobs seem more attractive while also cutting back on hours of operation.
US Businesses Give in to Worker Demands to Keep Employees As many American businesses struggle to fill jobs, some have started negotiating demands that used to be non-negotiable for most hourly employees.
One of the top demands for many workers is scheduling — the days and time they spend on the job. _______67_______ That means employees are pushing back against requirements to work weekends, late nights or holidays.
_______68_______ Therefore, workers can be more careful about the jobs they choose. There were 10.4 million job openings at the end of August and 11.1 million openings the month before. Those numbers are the highest since at least December 2000, when the government started recording the data. At the same time, the U.S. Labor Department said the number of people quitting their jobs jumped to 4.3 million in August from 4 million in July.
A recent study from an employment company found that nearly 40 percent of
jobseekers worldwide said schedule flexibility was one of their top three issues in career decisions. Instawork is an employment marketplace that connects local businesses with hourly workers. _______69_______
Such changes are happening as companies try to hire more workers for the upcoming holiday season. Target Corporation, for example, said this month it will pay $2 an hour more to employees who agree to work schedules during busy days of the holiday season. Sumir Meghani is co-founder and CEO of Instawork. _______70_______ Hourly workers are now asking how they can get the same work-life balance as workers in other kinds of jobs who can work remotely.
During the pandemic (大流行病), hourly workers were hit especially hard when businesses like department stores and restaurants were forced to close for a few months during the spring of 2020. Those who remained employed at essential businesses like grocery stores found themselves working too much and too hard.
答案
67. B 68. A 69. E 70. C
2022黄浦一模
A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process.
B.Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups.
C.Integration also takes place in various arts programmes which are supported by local community.
D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds.
E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension, discrimination and poverty.
F.Social integration should be guided in reasonable steps and stimulated by local governments.
Social Integration— Welcoming the Newcomers
Social integration is the process through which minority groups interact,
come together or are incorporated within a community. Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society, and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community. How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in s ociety?
A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic, social, political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society. _______67_______ This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life. There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races, and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social, cultural, economic and political activities.
Integration takes place in neighbourhoods, work places, schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. _______68_______ Especially among the younger children, being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy. Participation in sports, community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance. From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in schools, these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause. Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration. In fact, sport can strengthen social networks and promote non-violence and respect. In these ways, meaningful relationships among those of different ages, racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests.
_______69_______ Still, countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped. Instead, it should be better managed so that migration is safe, legal and beneficial for everyone.
_______70_______ Indeed, the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities, while maintaining their identities.
答案
67-70 DBAE
2022嘉定一模
A. Instead, he writes a program that can learn for itself, and then shows that program thousands of pictures of stop signs.
B. The high-tech vision system has the potential to be more successful than humans in detecting dangerous situations.
C. How to give AI at least some appearance of that understanding—the reasoning ability of a seven-month-old child, perhaps—is now a matter of active research.
D. Programmers have developed procedures that behave like the neurons (神经元) in a brain. They can “learn” from the actions taken in previous sit uations and infer what to do in a new, similar situation.
E. This understanding of “object permanence”, is a normal developmental milestone, as well as a basic principle of reality.
F. Similar techniques are used to train self-driving cars to operate in traffic.
Is It Smarter Than a Seven-month-old?
By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. Put a toy under a blanket and a child that old will know it is still there, and that he can reach underneath the blanket to get it back.
(67)______________
It is also something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. Autonomous vehicles are getting better, but they still don’t understand the world in the way that a human being does. For a self-driving car, a bicycle that is momentarily hidden by a passing van is a bicycle that has ceased to exist.
This failing is basic to the now-widespread computing discipline that has claimed to be the slightly misleading name of artificial intelligence (AI). Current AI works by building up complex statistical models of the world, but it lacks a deeper understanding of reality. (68)______________
Modern AI is based on the idea of machine learning. If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels (像素) which could possibly indicate such a sign.
(69)______________ Over many repetitions, the program gradually works out what features all of these pictures have in common.
(70)______________ Cars thus learn how to obey lane markings, avoid other vehicles, hit the brakes at a red light and so on. But they do not understand many things a human driver takes for granted—that other cars on the road have engines and four wheels, or that they obey traffic regulations (usually) and the laws of physics (always). And they do not understand object permanence.
答案
67-70 ECAF
2022静安一模
A.And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.
B.Though regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary widely between cultures.
C.The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.
D.Food choices ar e driven by one’s environment – the context.
E.Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.
F.Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.
Tea has become rooted in the British way of life, from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed—in a jacket and tie, of course. _______67_______ Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.
But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup.
She observes that the strongest brews of black tea—with the largest doses of flavour factors—are typically drunk by the working class. The flavour gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder.
Milk and sweetener have their own codes. According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regarded by many as a definite lower-class indicator. _______68_______ Other implications involve when and how milk is added, if any. Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong(正山小种红茶) with no sugar or milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class, Fox suggests. It’s as far as possible as one can get from sweet, strong, milky cups of the no- nonsense ‘builder’s tea’.
A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here. _______69_______ You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it, though obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything. A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it—the culture of it.
Fox also observes that, alongside its chemical properties, tea is a social space-filler. Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events. _______70_______ Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation, they cook tea.
答案
67-70 AFDE
2022闵行一模
A.Those who learn to forgive deserve respect from others.
B.To forgive is something that most people have difficulty with.
C.The deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive.
D.Forgiveness brings freedom, whereas hate is neither sweet nor satisfying.
E.Forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate.
F.Psychologically forgiveness is defined as a deliberate decision to release feelings of hate toward a person who has harmed you.
Are things not working out in your life, despite your doing all the “right” thi ngs? Is it possible that you are holding “unforgiveness” in your heart? It is worth thinking
about. What do you do when somebody hurts you? Do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? If you answered “yes” to these questions, you are like most people.(67) __________
People don’t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. Some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and effort.
Forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. It is not a reward for good behavior. It is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it. Besides, forgiveness is an act and a long-term process.(68) __________It is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if you’ve truly forgiven someone.
(69) __________It takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. Hate puts unwanted stress on your body. It is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness can actually make you sick. The moment those affected people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well.
(70) __________I have personal experience of this. I used to be very cynical (愤世嫉俗的) about life and d idn’t forgive easily. At the time, I also struggled in every area of my life. Things just didn’t seem to work out for me. It is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. That was until somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. And when I forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. It didn’t happen overnight. It took a while, but I could see and feel the difference.
答案
67. B 68. C 69. E 70. D
2022浦东一模
A.If you are a gout sufferer, you are not alone.
B.No one knows what’s behind the phenomenon.
C.Nor is it any longer exclusive to rich white men.
D.The foot is red and swollen, pounding like a heart.
E.We might dismiss gout as a ghost from a fable, which it was.
F.The tubercular’s hollow cheeks were considered desirable look for women.
Gout(痛风): The Disease of Kings
Gout, once the disease of geniuses, conquerors and kings, now is affecting the masses. It comes at night, first as a fevered dream, then pain in darkness, the body turned rude animal.
(67) __________So strong is the sensitivity of this swollen big toe that the faintest footstep of a sympathetic visitor is a gunshot straight to the nerve. It will not help, at such a moment, to recall that Alexander the Great, Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton reportedly suffered.
(68) __________ In the works of the 17th-century French poet, Gout falls onto a poor man and then, horrified by her host’s ceaseless labor, did nothing in a building. Surely it’s a time of a less enlightened, more hierarchic al(等级制的) age. We can laugh at it from the safe distance of the present day. But the American critic Susan Sontag warned us against illness as myth. Gout is not a punishment, certainly not an embarrassment and, it is highly curable, if good treatment is followed. And the disease has not been limited to the past. (69)__________ From the 1960s to the 1990s, the number of sufferers doubled in the United States, and that’s continued to rise.
It is tempting to see gout as an annoying angel and come to punish greed. Mentioning the romantic aspect of tuberculosis(肺结核) in the 19th century, Sontag argued that gout was contrary to tubercular. The gout-ridden were guilty of eating too much, while those dying of tubercular were themselves consumed from the inside. During that period, turning thinner from tubercular was taken as a sign of elegance, with poets considered unreliable if they weighed more than a hundred pounds, and so “it became rude to eat heartily”. Sontag also highlighted a strange social phenomenon.
(70)__________ Great men “grew fat, wrote novels and conquered continents.”
答案
67~70 DECF
2022普陀一模
A.There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result from
carefully matching people to jobs.
B.For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.
C.High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.
D.Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.
E.The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization's culture.
F.Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.
Motivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism. When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily. 67________________The minor employees remain because their job options are limited. Morale(士气)also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary. Productivity often Suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumors and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. 68________________ Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.
69________________ For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.
The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management's perceptions of the employee's ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. 70________________
Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of each
employee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.
答案
67-70 DBAF
2022青浦一模
A. But insiders say the road from “kids only” to “adults welcome” was a long, uphill climb.
B. AFOLs are also organizing unofficial Lego fan conventions and networking in online user groups.
C. Gone are the days when labels on Lego boxes stated that the contents were appropriate only for boys ages 7 to 12.
D. Attitudes began to shift in the late 1990s and early 2000s when the once-invulnerable toymaker started to struggle.
E. AFOLs were having a dramatic impact on Lego’s bottom line years before the company recognized their value.
F. “Before the late 1990s, the company didn’t think their adult fans had value,” says Smith-Meyer, who held a variety of senior posts at Lego from 2000 to 2014.
The inside story of how a “band of misfits” saved Lego When executives at toymaker Lego first learned that adults were buying large quantities of their interlocking plastic bricks and getting together to build Lego creations of their own, “they thought it was very strange,” says Paal Smith-Meyer.
____67____ “Leadership actually thought ‘adults’ were taking away from the brand.”
Thanks to a handful of employees who worked to change attitudes inside the company, Lego is no longer embarrassed by its adult fans. ____68____ The bygone slogans “Just Imagine... ” and “Play On” have been overshadowed by Lego’s newest marketing motto: “Adults Welcome”. Even superstar athletes and entertainers like Ed Sheeran, Dwight Howard, and David Beckham boast openly about their affection for Lego building sets.
Today Lego is the world’s largest and most profitable toymaker. The Lego brick was named “Toy of the Century” in 1999, and in 2014 Time magazine crowned it the “Most Influential Toy of All Time”, ahead of Ba rbie, G.I. Joe, and the Easy Bake Oven.
The enthusiasm and buying power of Adult Fans of Lego —or AFOLs, as they’re known in the industry —played a major role in the company’s rise to the top. ____69____
Lego founder Ole Kirk Kristiansen always knew he wanted to market his products exclusively to kids. As the company grew over its first six decades, few imagined that its products could appeal as much to adults as to children. ____70____ Two decades ago, when Lego began making licensed sets inspired by hit movies like Star Wars and Harry Potter, it was adult fans who snatched up most of the merchandise.
Despite the benefits AFOLs brought to the brand, executives at the company’s corporate offices in Billund, Denmark had little interest in catering to adult customers. As fan mail and product ideas poured in from AFOLs around the world, the company posted its off-putting position: “We don’t accept unsolicited ideas.”
“Adult fans were often seen as a source of irritation,” says Jake McKee, a Lego executive from 2000 to 2006 who oversaw the company’s Global Community Development team.
答案
67-70 FCAE
2022松江一模
A.And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans.
B.Human aging timeline is also driven by other factors.
C.In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age.
D.So, the question on all our mind is—can science stop aging?
E.Initially restricted to developed countries, population aging has also become a trend in the developing world.
F.Age reversal technology will also increase health span—the length of time during
which one is healthy.
Age Reversal Technology
Our life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short. 67____________ Within the next 150 years, this was raised by medical advances. And fast forward to 2020 and global life expectancy is 72.6 years—higher than that in any country in 1950.
As people live longer, population aging becomes a greater economic problem. It has both placed a burden on public health spending and decreased productivity of workforce. And aging is the fundamental driver behind many diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, to name just a few. One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging—that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past—have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death. 68____________
The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality. On the bright side, the process of reversing aging is already possible for cells in scientific experiments. 69____________ In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well. The goal is to preventively target aging—the major risk factor for a wide variety of diseases and disabilities—instead of treating one disease at a time, which is very costly. One future model projected an increase in NHS expense of £42 million year-on-year until 2031 due to the aging population.
70____________That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life.
答案
67-70 C D A F
2022徐汇一模
A. Studies have shown the importance of eating together.。