新方略词汇复习Unit 9 学校生活(1)

一、导学案：见电子文档
二、备课参考(红色标注为本单元释义)
effort n.
❶ [U] & [C] 气力；精力the physical and mental energy that’s needed to do sth
She puts her time and effort into her businesses, and into helping others.
她把时间和精力投入到生意中，投入到帮助他人中。

2006 安徽改Visit the museum when you’re there. It’s well worth the effort. 你到了那里要参观一下博物馆，那很值得一游。

With (an) effort she managed to stop herself laughing. 她好不容易才忍住了笑。

❷ [C] 努力；尽力an attempt to do sth that’s difficult
As we all know, without efforts nothing can be achieved. 众所周知，不努力则一事无成。

Greg has gone on a diet in an effort to lose some weight. 为了减肥格雷格已经开始节食。

What’s the point of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself? 如果他自己不努力，那么帮他又有什么用呢？2011 江西Hospitals should make every effort to treat the sick. 医院应该尽一切努力为病人治病。

Let’s start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every minute! 让我们现在开始努力，每一秒钟都不遗余力地做好点滴。

2005 江苏改
[C] [常用于名词后] 有组织的活动
the United Nations’ peacekeeping efforts 联合国维和行动
review
vt.
❶复习；温习
We should review our lessons every day. 我们应当每天复习功课。

Let’s review Chapter 5. 我们温习一下第5章吧。

❷复阅；复查
Review your homework before you turn it in. 上交作业前你要再检查一遍。

The decision will be reviewed by the Supreme Court. 这个判决将由最高法院作复查。

回顾；反思
He reviewed the whole of his past life. 他回顾了自己过去的整个人生。

❹给(书、戏剧、电影等) 写评论
I only go to see films that are reviewed favourably. 我只去看评价好的电影。

n.
❶ [C] 复习；温习
The teacher distributed a review for the exam. 老师为考试布置了复习任务。

❷ [C] & [U] 书评；剧评；影评；评论
a book / film review 书评/ 影评
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自上月出版以来一直备受好评。

2011陕西According to the literary review, Shakespeare makes his characters live through their language in his plays. 据文学评论所言，莎士比亚让他剧中的人物通过其语言变得很鲜活。

2010 福建
*revise v.
❶vt. 修订；修改
revise a dictionary 修订字典
❷vi. & vt. 复习；温习
I spent the weekend revising for my exam. 我花了整个周末来复习备考。

*solve vt.解决；解答
I’m trying to solve this problem, but I can’t find the r ight solution. 我正试图解决这个问题，可是找不到正确的方法。

点拨一：review (产出词汇)
1. review 与comment, remark 的辨析见unit 7 comment词条。

2. criticism和review辨析criticism 是对书、电影等发表的评论或此类文集或讲座。

review是用来指批评家在报刊上写的短评。

3. 考点复现
Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything. The teacher will ________ the main points at the end. (2009 天津)
A. recover
B. review
C. require
D. remember
答案：B
4. 与revise一样，二者都有“复习”的意思。

不同的是：
review (BrE)
revise (AmE)
►solution n. [C][常与to连用] 解答；解决方法
Here is the perfect solution to all your problems. 这是解决你所有问题的最佳方法。

北师大④–10
concentrate on 全神贯注于
We must concentrate our efforts on improving education. 我们必须集中精力改进教育工作。

When you concentrate on one task you can get it done faster and better. 当你全神贯注于一项任务时，你会完成得又快又好。

hand / turn in 提交；交上
If you order your lunch at the school dining hall, please hand in your order before 9:30. 如果你要在学校餐厅订午餐，请在9:30前把订单交上来。

2008 天津
refer to
❶查阅；参考
refer to a dictionary to check the spelling 查一下词典看拼写是否正确
While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes. 作英语演讲时，参赛选手不得看讲稿。

2009 天津❷谈到；提到
The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 那位科学家在演讲中至少3次提到全球气候变暖。

北师大⑧– 22 ♦指的是
The word business refers to an organization that provides goods and services. 商业这个词指提供商品和服务的组织。

2013 全国改Venue refers to the place where events or activities take place. Venue 指事件或活动发生的场所。

译林①– 1
come to / draw / reach a conclusion得出结论
They came to a conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace. 他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。

We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion. 在得出最后的结论之前，我们还需要作进一步的讨论。

2001上海
deliver/ give a lecture 作讲座
focus one’s mind / attention on sth 集中注意力于某事点拨二：refer to
1. 掌握与mention的辨析mention to write or speak sth/ sb, usually quickly and without saying very much or giving details refer to (rather formal) to mention or speak about sth/ sb
2. 考点复现
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ________ his notes. (2005 浙江)
A. bringing up
B. referring to
C. looking for
D. trying on
It was foolish of him to ________ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. (2004 上海)
A. stick to
B. refer to
C. keep to
D. point to
答案 B B
access
n. [U]
❶通道；入口
Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village. 坠石挡住了通往村子的唯一道路。

❷进入/ 到达……的方法或途径the way of reaching or entering a place
Each room comes with its own bathroom and Internet access. 每个房间都有浴室，都能上网。

译林①– 1 The police gained access through a broken window. 警察从一扇破窗钻了进去。

利用/ 接近……的权利或机会the opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb / sth
access to:
Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. 全世界有11亿人喝不到干净的饮用水。

2005 上海This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK. 这个网站让你瞬间即可查到在英国学习和居住的大量信息。

2008 广东One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. 她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是去哪儿都很方便，比如去商店和餐馆。

2010 上海注access ≠way, access作为名词，其含义中包含了某种动作。

vt.
❶ (计算机) 存取；访问
access the Internet 访问互联网
Computer users can access information because of the World Wide Web. 因为有万维网，计算机用户可以获取信息。

外研①– 6 ❷到达；进入；使用
The road is closed but can be accessed by emergency vehicles. 这条路封了，但是应急车辆可以通过。

点拨三：access (产出词汇)
1. 本词的难点在于中英文释义不对等，很难找到一个确切的中文来翻译该词。

建议老师可通过多给例句的形式让学生体会并掌握。

2. 考点复现
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. (2009 浙江)
A. access
B. passage
C. way
D. approach
答案 A
means n. [单复数同形] 手段；方法 a way of doing sth or achieving sth
The telephone is a means of communication. 电话是一种通信工具。

北师大⑧– 22 by all means 尽一切办法；务必；[表示答应] 当然可以
Please by all means hand in the report on time. 请务必准时上交报告。

— Can I use your car? 我能用你的汽车吗？
— By all means. 当然。

by means of 借助；依靠
This is a two-year course taught by means of lectures. 这是一门为期两年的通过讲座形式教授的课程。

by no means 决不；并没有(not by any means)
Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically. 惩罚绝对不是帮助学生身心成长的明智选择。

We haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。

注by no means位于句首时，句子多用部分倒装语序。

assess vt.
❶评价；评定to make a judgement about a person or situation It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech. 总统讲话产生的影响很难估计。

❷估价to calculate the value or cost of sth
Damage to the building was assessed at £40 000. 这栋楼的损失估计是4万英镑。

点拨四：means (产出词汇)
1. 辨析见unit 7 approach
2. 考点复现
— Can I come and have a look at your new house?
— Yes, ________! (2011 浙江)
A. with pleasure
B. I like it
C. I quite agree
D. by all means
—Do you think their table tennis team will win the
first place at the coming
Asian Games?
—________. Ours is much stronger than theirs. (2010
江苏)
A. Of course
B. It depends
C. Don’t mention it
D. By no means
●I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________ with my progress. (2006 重庆)
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
答案： D D ● D
点拨五：assess (产出词汇)
辨析见unit 7 judge
mark
n. [C]
❶污渍；痕迹
an ink mark 墨渍
We followed the marks that the car had left in the grass. 我们沿着汽车留在草地上的痕迹走去。

❷记号；(感情等的) 标记；标志
make marks on the tree 在树上作记号
Politeness is a mark of civilization. 礼貌是文明的标志。

2011安徽♦成绩；分数
full marks满分
She scored the lowest mark in her class. 她的得分全班最低。

译林⑤– 1 ❹靶子；目标
hit / miss the mark命中/ 未命中靶子；达成/ 未达成目标leave one’s mark 产生影响
Winston Churchill has surely left his mark on world history. 温斯顿·丘吉尔当然对世界历史产生了影响。

vt.
❶留痕迹于；作记号于
Mark the place with a circle on the map. 在地图上圈出这个地方。

When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what have been marked. 拿回试卷后，要特别注意做了标记的地方。

2007 四川❷标志；表示……的特征
This marked the beginning of the slave trade. 这标志着奴隶贸易的开始。

外研⑤– 4 The gift marks the deep friendship of the two nations. 这份礼物是两国深厚友谊的象征。

♦(给试卷等) 打分数
I have fifty exam papers to mark tonight. 我今晚有50份考卷要评分。

点拨六：mark (产出词汇)
1. 掌握与spot, stain的辨析朗文（英）
三者都有“污渍”的意思。

mark a dirty area on sth that spoils its appearance
spot a small mark on sth
stain a mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a dark liquid
2. sign 与mark 辨析
二者都有“记号”的意思。

mark通常不具有特定的意思，指可供识别的记号，通常是有意做的，偶然留下的或是天然的记号。

Make a mark at the bottom of the page. 在页末端做个记号。

sign 指代表一定意义的符号；一看就知道代表什么内容的符号。

a no smoking sign 禁止吸烟的告示牌
result
n.
❶ [C] & [U] 结果；成果
If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results. 相信自己并付出努力，你就会得到好结果。

2008 浙江The book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是25年研究的结晶。

❷ [常用复数] 比赛结果；考试成绩
the football results 足球比赛结果
get good results 取得好成绩
as a result (of) 作为(……的) 结果
Alice overslept this morning. As a result, she was late for work. 艾丽斯今天早上睡过了头，结果上班迟到了。

About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking. 20世纪90年代约有2 100万人死于吸烟。

外研②– 2 vi. 发生；导致
result from 因……发生；随……产生
Pollution and other serious problems have resulted from human progress. 人类的发展引起了污染和其他严重的问题。

2006 江西改result in 造成；导致(lead to)
I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. 我认识到叫嚣和威胁惩罚会导致祸端。

2014 湖北
score
n.
1 [C] (比赛中的) 得分；比分
win by a score of 7 to 5 以7比5获胜
2 [单复数同] 二十
a score of apples 20个苹果
two score of people 40个人
scores of 许多；大量
There are scores of modern art styles. 现代艺术风格有很多种。

人教⑥– 1 vt. & vi. 得(分)
She scored the lowest mark in her class. 她在班上得分最低。

译林⑤– 1 Yao Ming scored before the first minute had passed. 开场不到一分钟，姚明就得分了。

外研⑤– 5 点拨七：result (产出词汇)
1. 考点复现
Jenny nearly missed the flight ________ doing too much shopping. (2009 全国)
A. as a result of
B. on top of
C. in front of
D. in need of
My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ________, he could neither eat nor sleep. (2005 江西)
A. as a result
B. after all
C. anyway
D. otherwise
答案： A A
2. as a consequence of 比as a result of 更正式。

考点复现
1. — Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? — Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice. (2012 福建)
A. strength
B. talent
C. ability
D. skill
2. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ________ and weaknesses. (2006 湖北)
A. strengths
B. benefits
C. techniques
D. values
答案：1. A 2. A
fail
v.
❶vt. & vi.不能；未能；失败
We tried but failed. 我们尝试过，可是失败了。

It is very important to find out why you failed to achieve your goal. 找到你没有实现目标的原因很重要。

2008 浙江改
I never fail to phone my parents on their birthdays. 我从来不会忘记在父母生日时给他们打电话。

❷vt. & vi. 没有通过(考试)；不及格；评定(某人)不及格
I passed in history but failed (in) chemistry. 我通过了历史考试，但化学不及格。

Her work was so bad that the teacher had no choice but to fail her. 她考得太差，老师只能给她不及格。

♦vi. 出故障；失灵
He saw a terrible accident in which a tram’s brakes failed. 他看见了一起可怕的交通事故，一辆有轨电车的制动装置失灵了。

人教⑧–1
❹vi. [常用于进行时] (健康、体力、视力等) 衰退；减弱；消失His eyesight is failing. 他的视力日渐衰退。

She has suffered from failing health. 她的身体状况越来越差。

❺vt.使失望；使无能为力
When we needed his help, he failed us. 我们需要他帮助的时候，他却让我们失望了。

My memory failed me at that moment. 那一刻我想不起来了。

grade
n. [C]
❶等级；级别
sb’s salary grade 某人的工资级别
The jewels are of the highest grade. 这些珠宝是最上等的。

❷(学校的) 年级
♦(学校的) 成绩；分数
achieve / attain / get / receive good grades 取得好成绩
vt. 给……分等级/ 评分
Eggs are graded from small to extra large. 鸡蛋从小号到特大号分成不同等级。

The papers are being graded. 正在评卷。

catch up with 赶上；追上
If you miss a lot of classes, it’s diffi cult to catch up. 果你缺了很多课，就很难赶上。

I ran faster and faster till I caught up with all the ther runners. 我越跑越快，直到追上其他所有选手。

2007 浙江点拨九：fail (产出词汇)
考点复现
1. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to ________. (2011 全国)
A. disappear
B. fall
C. fail
D. damage
2. Words ________ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house. (2004 上海) A. failed B. left
C. discouraged
D. disappointed 答案：1. C 2. A
点拨十：grade (产出词汇)
在英国学校里，mark表示“数字”的分数，如10分制或100分制里具体的分数。

grade通常是字母A, B, C 等级，指某一段的分数。

在美国学校里，mark 不常用。

grade既可以是具体的分数，也可以指字母A, B, C 等级。

improve vt. & vi. 改善；提高
His health is improving. 他的健康状况正在好转。

How do countries in Europe try to improve the environment? 欧洲国家是如何设法改善环境的？外研③– 4 We had better ask our teachers or classmates for advice on how to improve our writing. 我们最好向老师或同学们咨询如何提高写作水平。

2009 福建improve on / upon 对……作出改进；做得比……更好
Lily has scored 98 in the maths test, and I don’t think anyone will improve on that. 莉莉数学考了98分，我看没人能超过这个分数。

► improvement n. [U] & [C] 改良；改善；改进处
get through到达；办完；(使) 通过；(使) 熬过；(打电话时) 打通
get through (with) one’s work 完成工作
She got through the examination. 她通过了考试。

Focusing on that goal helps me get through tough times. 专注于那一目标帮我熬过了艰难时期。

2009 浙江I’ve tried to phone my wife six times and I can’t get through. 我已给妻子打了6次电话，但都打不通。

2007 全国
make progress取得进步
make rapid progress 进步迅速
Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my study. 多亏她帮忙，我在学习上取得了巨大的进步。

2010 全国
pay off
❶还清(欠债等)
Once we’ve paid off the debts, we’ll owe money to no one. 一旦还清了债务，我们就不欠任何人的钱了。

❷取得成功；得到好结果
He studied hard before the examination, and it paid off. He made an A. 他在考试前努力学习, 功夫没有白费, 他得了个A。

付清工资后解雇；遣散
Over 1,000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. 如果工厂关闭，会有超过1 000名工人被解雇。

点拨十一：get through
考点复现
1. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ________. (2014 湖北)
A. get through
B. get off
C. get in
D. get along
2. After that, he knew he could ________ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. (2010 浙江)
A. get away with
B. get on with
C. get through
D. get across
3. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ________. (2009 全国) A. get along B. get on
C. get to
D. get through
答案： 1. A 2. C 3. D
点拨十二：pay off
考点复现
The athlete’s years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. (2012 安徽)
A. went on
B. got through
C. paid off
D. ended up
答案：C。