专业英语八级模拟试卷800(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷800(题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)
SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
听力原文：How to Approach Discursive Writing? Good morning, everyone. Last class we discussed that it is possible to combine a process and product driven approach to writing. Today we will argue how to approach discursive writing. There are six stages which should be paid attention to in the process of writing. Since writing is primarily about organizing information and communicating meaning, generating ideas is clearly going to be a crucial part of the writing process. Getting started, as much for people writing in their own language as for those writing in a foreign language, is one of the most difficult and inhibiting phases of the writing process. Idea generating is a key in facilitating the transition from thought to paper. A brainstorming activity is an effective way of getting ideas flowing. Therefore, let’s come to see the first stage—brainstorming. Brainstorming consists of group discussion. Everyone would discuss an idea, the answer to or reasons for a problem. Fox example, in a lesson I taught previously I asked students to brainstorm the reasons why people take drugs.(1)Brainstorming involves thinking quickly and without inhibition, which can ultimately lead to an interesting piece of writing. I would remain in the background during this phase, only supplying the language support when you need it, so as not to inhibit you in the production of the ideas.(2)Evaluating ideas during brainstorming can be intimidating, and can have a negative effect, limiting the creativity the process is designed to promote. The relevance and practicality of the ideas produced during brainstorming can be assessed more objectively in the next stage, which is encouraging you to extend your ideas into a mind map, or spidergram.(3)It is in this stage that you can judge the quality and usefulness of your ideas. A mind map or spidergram is also an organized display of information, which can be more easily converted into a draft. Such graphics also make the hierarchical relationship of ideas more easily obvious, which will help you with the structure of your texts. OK, now we will review what we did learn in my previous lesson before discussing the third stage. I argued that it is possible to combine a process and product driven approach to writing. The above steps
mentioned here have focused on the varied classroom activities which promote the development of language use. It is these discussion stages, so important in helping you to decide what you want to say, that I believe to be of great importance from the “process driven approach”. It is after these discussion stages, and the organization of ideas in note form, that I tend to introduce a model text. The reading of a model text, so important in a product driven approach to writing, is not so as to subjugate your ideas to your organization, but so as to make you aware that there is a particular way to express your ideas. In this way you are given the form in order to enable you to adapt it to carry your own meaning. Ellis found evidence to suggest that “ focusing learners’attention on forms and the meanings they realize in the context of communicative activities, results in successful language learning. “(4)In the model text, on the one hand, we should focus on coherence, which refers to the logical development of ideas within a text and it is an important subskill for you to be aware of. I can highlight this in various ways, by focusing on the topic and function of each paragraph for example, or by examining how you have chosen to order your arguments. This focus will hopefully show you that if you are to convey your message successfully, you will have to make your text “reader friendly”. On the other hand, we should also pay attention to model text cohesion, which refers to the grammatical and lexical connections between individual clauses. The grammatical links can be classified under three broad types:(5)Referents such as pronouns, the article “the”, demonstratives and so on: Ellipsis which refers to leaving out of words or phrases where they are unnecessary: Conjunction which refers to a word which joins phrases or clauses together. (6)Pronouns, whether subject, object, possessive, relative, or reflexive, are often underused or misused while performing a writing task, resulting in either confusion as to the referent or tedious repetition of a noun. One way of raising awareness of the key function that pronouns play within a text is to circle all the pronouns, then use arrows to connect them to their referents. This shows that pronouns can be found by looking back or forwards in the text. There are many other activities that can be used to focus on cohesion. For example, replacing a sentence which is missing from each paragraph, or replacing the first sentence of each paragraph, matching clauses which have been separated or gapping conjunctions which you must replace from a selection. After raising your awareness of the grammatical and stylistic devices employed in the model text, you should begin to organize your mind maps into a linear format, i.e. , the text structure of the model text.(7)This provides you with an opportunity to further sift and/or logically connect your ideas, to focus them on the precise function of each paragraph, which will help to clarify your writing. We will also have to discuss the overall structure, i. e. , the order in which to relay your information, depending on the impact you wish to have on the reader. All of the above activities work best if carried out in groups as groupings make the tasks livelier and more enjoyable.(8)Moreover, if you can work together, assisting each other, then the atmosphere of the writing class may be less intimidating, and perhaps you will not be afraid of the complexity of writing tasks. The next stage involves you in writing the first draft of your texts with a partner. This pair work will help you see that writing really is co-operative, a relationship between
writer and reader.(9)Usually, the writer has to imagine a reader, but co-operative writing provides you with a reader and makes the task more realistic and interactive.
(10)OK, let’s talk about the last stage: correction and reading. The first draft could be corrected in a number of ways, depending on your aims. I could code-correct, or simply underline errors, then help you to reformulate your first drafts with the aid of the model text. Once the final drafts are written, you should then exchange your compositions so that you become readers of each other’s work. This gives your texts a communicative purpose, as well as developing an awareness of the fact that you are always producing something to be read by someone else, rather than for the display of writing alone. So, now it’s much easier to approach discursive writing, isn’t it? We know that learning to write coherently, in a way suitable to one’s purpose and one’s audience is clearly a very difficult task. However, writing is a valuable skill, one which is worth all the classroom time and more spent on it. Therefore, I present writing as a stimulating process, and engage you in the act of creating a text, then help you to improve the effectiveness of your writing. I hope these suggestions provide you with enough hints. Thank you for listening.
How to Approach Discursive Writing? How to improve the effectiveness of students’ writing? There are six stages which should be paid attention to in the process of discursive writing.I. Brainstorming—features: think fast and with no【B1】______【B1】______—teachers’role: supporters—evaluating ideas: intimidating and having a【B2】______effect【B2】______II. Assessing ideas—assess the【B3】______and usefulness【B3】______—organize graphics —establish a structureIII. Focusing on coherence and cohesion1. coherence—【B4】______of ideas 【B4】______—emphasizing the topic and function —examing the order2. cohesion —grammatical and lexical connections —classification of the grammatical links—【B5】______: pronouns and demonstratives【B5】______—ellipsis—conjunction —example:—results of misusing pronouns: confusion and【B6】______【B6】______IV. Organizing ideas—organize a linear format—emphasize the【B7】______of each paragraph【B7】______—discuss the integral structure—work in groups to avoid the 【B8】______atmosphere【B8】______V. Writing—co-operative writing between writer and reader—advantages: make the task more realistic and【B9】______【B9】______VI.【B10】______and reading【B10】______—reformulate the first draft: code-correction or underlining errors —exchange compositions after writing the final draft
1．【B1】
正确答案：inhibition
2．【B2】
正确答案：negative
3．【B3】
正确答案：quality
4．【B4】
正确答案：the logical development
5．【B5】
正确答案：referents
6．【B6】
正确答案：repetition
7．【B7】
正确答案：precise function
8．【B8】
正确答案：intimidating
9．【B9】
正确答案：interactive
10．【B10】
正确答案：Correction
SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.
听力原文：W: Welcome to our program. I’m Donisha Adams. This week, I would like to talk about what science and comedy have in common. Welcome, Adam.M: Thank you.W: Imagine that a physicist and a chemist walk into a bar. Or is it a physicist and a biologist? There’s a reason science and comedy don’t usually mingle—but to biologist and comedian Adam Ruben, the two are related in more ways than one.(1)Ruben uses insights from his Ph.D. training and years working in a
lab to write Experimental Error, a humor column for Science Careers. He will share interesting things with us. So Adam, what science and comedy have in common?M: Well,(2)I think something that they have in common that people forget is that they’re both serious pursuits. I think a common misperception of comedy is that it’s not something serious, it’s not a real field. And I really wanted to teach a class on standup comedy- the history of standup comedy and its impact on society. And I pitched this class, and I was eventually told by the committee that they would never accept this class because it just wasn’t about a serious topic. And I think it’s a shame to dismiss comedy. It’s as serious as any other form of self-expression or social commentary. But science sort of already gets that, that little benefit of everyone hears science and they assume it’s serious.W: We know that you’re a funny guy, but are you funny in the lab or do you keep your scientist side separate from your comedian side?M: I actually really do kind of keep the two separate, and that’s mainly because I’m paranoid.(3)If you try to be funny in the lab too much, people will use it as the ready excuse for anything that goes wrong in the lab—Oh, well, it’s because he’s focusing too much on trying to be funny. I had an experience in grad school where my advisor found out that I did standup on the side, and all of a sudden it kind of became the reason why my experiments weren’t working. He said, oh, it’s because your mind is not on science, it’s on standup comedy.W; Well, is it harder to be a comedian or a scientist?M: I think you could make an argument both ways. I think you could say that it’s harder to make a living as a comedian.(4)I mean, to make a living as a scientist, it takes a long time to get there, but there is a set path that a lot of people follow. You go to school, you study science. You go to grad school, you study science. You come out, you get a job in science. And by the time you get that job, you’ve been doing lab work for years and years, and so whatever you’re doing in the lab is not too foreign. But so few people make actual careers out of comedy. Right now it’s not something I could fully support myself doing. I find science to be harder than comedy. When you have a problem in the lab, it can take you years to think of the correct solution. You may never find the correct solution.W: You also write a monthly column for Science Careers. Can you tell me a little bit about your current story?M: Sure. So the column is called Experimental Error. It’s a. humor column in Science, which still blows my mind that Science would have a humor column, and that I would be privileged enough to be able to write it. In fact, I think this is kind of my dream. If I went back in time and told myself a few years ago that I’d someday be writing a humor column in Science, I wouldn’t believe it. In fact, I think the way I know that this is my dream is that I know that my nightmare would be opening up Science and finding a humor column written by someone else.(5)It’s a humor column I’ve been writing for almost two years now. And every month I have a new topic, a new column about something pertaining to science careers.W: Throughout this interview, we’ve spoken about your comedic talents. So can we get a parting joke for our listeners?M: When I first started doing standup on campus when I was an undergrad, I thought the best thing in the world that I could possibly do on stage would be to tell math puns. And it went okay, because it was a campus full of other nerds. But then I got in the real world and started telling math puns, you know, on the comedy club at midnight in
Baltimore, and people did not like it at all. You know that different types of mouthwash have different amounts of alcohol in them. And I wanted to see how much alcohol was in the mouthwash that I used, so I looked but it didn’t list it on the label. I guess the proof was beyond the text of this scope.W: Well, it was funny because I laughed.M: Well, thank you.W: Thank you so much, Adam.M: Thank you for having me. It was a lot of fun.
11．What can we know about the interviewee from the interview?
A．He used to be a biologist.
B．He studies comedy at school.
C．He is a column writer.
D．He made mistakes in labs.
正确答案：C
12．Which of the following statements about the similarity between science and comedy is CORRECT?
A．They both have a long history.
B．They both have influence on the society.
C．They both are subjects of study.
D．They both are serious matters.
正确答案：D
13．According to the interviewee, what is likely to be the consequence of being funny in the lab?
A．It will reduce the pressure of the experiment.
B．It will distract people from their research.
C．It will give people the excuse for mistakes.
D．It will add inspiration and creativity to the lab.
正确答案：C
14．Which of the following best describes the interviewee’s feeling towards being a scientist?
A．It takes too many years to finish the training.
B．There’s a certain pattern on how to become a scientist.
C．Everyday lab work is routine and boring.
D．It is harder to make a living.
正确答案：B
15．What can we learn about Experimental Error from the interview?
A．About 24 topics have been dealt with by the interviewee.
B．Scientists can understand the humor better by it.
C．Math puns are often employed in the column.
D．Its opening was due to the interviewee’s suggestion.
正确答案：A
SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文：(6)Norway’s government is refusing to let Apple take aerial photography of the capital city Oslo to create 3D images for its Maps app, reports local media. There are security concerns about access to detailed views of government buildings, says newspaper Aftenposten. Anyone wishing to fly over Oslo to take pictures requires a license from the authorities, which has been declined according to official documents. However, satellite imagery, as used by other map brands, is not protected. Nokia has 3D-imagery of Oslo in its maps but only for parts of the city. Security measures have tightened in Norway since Anders Breivik planted a bomb outside government premises in the capital before carrying out a separate killing spree at a youth camp two years ago.
16．What is the news item mainly about?
A．Norway government’s security concern about Maps app.
B．The advantage of having satellite imagery in Maps app.
C．The license required for making Maps app in Norway.
D．Comparison of Apple’s Mas app with Nokia’s Maps app.
正确答案：A
听力原文：(7)Leaders of the European Union in Brussels have agreed to a deal for a Eurozone-wide banking supervisor that is designed to help prevent future catastrophic bank failures that could threaten the monetary union. (7)The agreement sets the stage for development of a legal framework to allow the European Central Bank to give emergency funds to ailing banks directly without going through national governments—bailouts which, in turn, have required bailouts for the nations themselves, as was seen in Greece and Ireland. The move is necessary to “break the vicious circle between banks and sovereigns,”said European Council President Herman Van Rompuy in a press conference early Friday. The leaders set a goal of approving the legislative framework by January 1, with the new supervisory mechanism “operational in the course of 2013,” Van Rompuy said. (8)The group also released a statement on the progress of Greece toward meeting budget cuts required to qualify for the next round of bailout payments, applauding “the determination of the Greek government to deliver on its commitments”and “remarkable efforts by the Greek people”while underlining the need for continued fiscal reform.
17．What have the leaders of European Union agreed to do?
A．To permit the local government to supervise the banks.
B．To make the bankruptcy of the national banks legal.
C．To allow European Central Bank give money to banks directly.
D．To require the local government to bail out the suffering banks.
正确答案：A
18．According to the leaders of European Union, Greece government
A．is qualified to carry out the mechanism first.
B．has done well on meeting budget cuts.
C．is in conflict with Greek people.
D．needs to present an effective reform plan.
正确答案：B
听力原文：(9)The murder of six worshippers at a Sikh temple in the American midwest has put the spotlight on a violent type of music embraced by racist groups around the United States. Experts say the music, which glorifies the white race and heaps hate on other ethnic groups, is used to attract new members and spur them to violent action. “It’s the chief recruitment tool of the entire movement,”said TJ Leyden, who spent 15 years in the white-power movement but now works to counter its influence. “It’s what hooks the kids.”(9)The racist skinhead movement is just one type of white supremacist group. Others include the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazis and academic white supremacists. According to the Anti-Defamation League, there are probably 100,000 active white supremacists in the U.S. , but the number of racist skinheads is hard to count. Skinhead music has its roots in the hardcore punk scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s.(10)It is usually loud and aggressive, and the angry lyrics are often violent and filled with racist messages.(9)Wade Michael Page, the shooter who killed six Sikhs at a temple in the Midwestern U. S. state of Wisconsin, was heavily involved in the racist skinhead music scene. Page led a band called End Apathy, whose lyrics talked about genocide against Jews and other minorities.
19．What makes the murder of six people at the temple catch people’s attention?
A．The suspect is a member of skinhead music band.
B．The case reflects the race conflict in the American Midwest.
C．The kids’ response to the violent case is alarming.
D．It was related to another case which occurred 15 years ago.
正确答案：A
20．Which of the following is TRUE about skinhead music?
A．It became popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
B．Both the fans and the musicians are usually skinhead.
C．It often carries some kind of racist information.
D．It originates from the Midwestern part of the U.S.
正确答案：C
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
This is census year in America, and although we hesitate to pre-empt the results of a mighty exercise that will involve over a million staff and whose calculations will not be complete until late December, we can confidently predict one finding. America’s Hispanic population, which is expected to come in at almost 16% of the total, will have overtaken its black population, likely to be put at around 2. 5 percentage points less, with Asians listing the last, only 2. 9 percent. In 2000, the last time this count was performed, 12. 5% of the population was Hispanic, and 12.9% African-American. Thanks to rapid immigration, legal and illegal, and a large stock of young people with a high birth-rate, America’s Latino population has grown twice as fast over the past decade as either its white or black population: and the gap is going to keep on widening. Half the babies in Texas, for instance, are born to Latina mothers, even though Latinos make up under 40% of that state’s population. And this is not only a phenomenon of the border states. Many new arrivals from Mexico head directly to look for jobs in the big cities of the southeast and northeast: and second- and third-generation Hispanics, perfectly acculturated by America’s melting pot, are now to be found everywhere. This steady advance has large consequences. Most obviously, it is changing the balance of American politics. The decennial census is the basis on which federal money is disbursed and seats in the House of Representatives, and consequently Electoral College votes, are allocated. Once the results of this year’s census are known, up to 18 states will see their congressional tallies altered. The big, mostly white, states of the northeast will be the losers. The Hispanic-rich border region will gain. America’s Hispanics, unlike its blacks, have traditionally failed to punch at their true weight. In the current House of Representatives in Washington D. C. , there are only 26 Hispanics, about 6% of the total: there are 41 African-Americans, much closer to their share of the population. Hispanic senators have been few and far between, as have Hispanic governors. One reason is that Hispanics have at least until recently been poorly organized. But this is changing. The Hispanic voter-turnout rate increases at every election. It hit 50% in 2008, up from 47% in 2004, though that is still a lot less than the 66% recorded by non-Hispanic whites or the 65% by blacks. In a fair number of keenly contested states, the Hispanic population in effect holds the balance of power: and as long as they continue to vote solidly Democratic(as they did in 2008, by a whopping 67—31% margin), that is great news for the blue party. The big Hispanic vote for Barack Obama in Florida turned that vital state from Republican to Democratic: the Hispanic vote also proved
crucial in Colorado, New Mexico and Nevada. It is not impossible to imagine that, in time, Texas’huge Hispanic population could turn America’s second-largest state Democratic. If the Republicans want to avoid that fearful fate, they need to reconnect with Hispanic voters, and fast. In principle it ought not to be too hard. Culturally conservative, strongly religious, family-oriented and with a long and distinguished tradition of service in America’s armed forces, Hispanics are natural Republicans. But they are also, on the average, poorer than whites, and they are rightly incensed at anything that smacks of xenophobia. George W. Bush managed to appeal pretty well to Hispanics, scoring an estimated 44% of the Hispanic vote in 2004. But from 2005 onwards, a hysterical Republican reaction to the prospect of immigration reform(which aimed, among other things, to regularize the position of the 12 m or so illegal immigrants living, for the most part peacefully and industriously, within America’s borders)undid all that. As well as the census, this year will see another attempt to tackle the immigration dossier. It would be overcynical to see this as a Democratic ploy to lure the Republicans into alienating a vital group of voters all over again. But there is great peril for a party that is in the process of confining itself to white voters and Southern states. If Republicans could this year once again embrace the opportunity that America’s Hispanics and its proximity to Mexico represents, they could do themselves a power of good.
21．What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．The census is revolving around the Hispanic and black population.
B．The black make up 13. 5 percent of America’s population.
C．Since last census, Hispanic population has risen by 12. 5% .
D．The Hispanic population is increasing while the black is not.
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。

由题干定位至首段。

该段第二句交代了两个事实：第一，拉丁裔人口预期约占美国总人口的16％；第二，拉丁裔人口以2．5％的优势超出非裔人口，因此可以得出结论，非裔人口占13．5％，故[B]为正确答案。

虽然本段谈到拉丁裔人口和非裔人口，但是由此下结论说美国的人口普查是围绕这两类人进行的，并不全面，本段倒数第二句也提到了亚裔人口，故排除[A]；由本段最后一句可知，上次人口普查时，拉丁裔人口占美国总人口的12．5％，而现在是16％，增加的比例不是12．5％，故排除[C]；由第一段的数据和上文的分析综合来看，拉丁裔人口增加了3．5％，而非裔人口从12．9％增加到13．5％，增幅为0．6％，并没有减少，故排除[D]。

22．The second paragraph is mainly to tell us______.
A．the reason why there are so many Mexicans in America
B．where large numbers of Hispanic population can be found
C．why the Latino population can be found all over America
D．the current situation of U. S. Hispanic population and its reason
正确答案：D
解析：段落大意题。

由题干定位至第二段。

该段第一句讲，由于合法或非法移民，以及移民后较高的出生率，美国的拉丁裔人口正在迅猛增长；第二句通过两组数据说明德克萨斯州拉丁裔人口的现状；后两句说明不仅在边境州情况如此，东南部和东北部也是如此，而究其原因是由于墨西哥移民去美国各处寻找工作造成的。

概括可知，第二段介绍了拉丁裔人口在美国的现状及其原因，因此[D]为正确答案。

由上述分析可知，[A]仅指出墨西哥人众多的原因，忽略了第二段中介绍其现状的部分，因而[A]是片面的，故排除；[B]只强调拉丁人口的分布，这只是本段的细节，不是主要内容，故排除；[C]所强调的内容只在本段末尾作为一个细节出现，不能用来概括整段内容，故排除。

23．The numbers in Paragraph Four are used to support the opinion that______.
A．Hispanics are not so politically concerned as the black
B．there are fewer Hispanic statesmen than the Black ones
C．it is time for Hispanics to make a voice in political affairs
D．the number of Hispanic statesmen is small in the U. S.
正确答案：A
解析：推理判断题。

由第四段首句可知，美国的拉丁裔人口素来不会(在政治上)好好利用他们在人口上的优势，从行文结构上判断，本段中出现的数据或事例都是为其服务的；再者，从数据上看，在众议院中，拉丁裔占26人，而非裔占41人，综合首段二者占美国总人口的比例可知，拉丁裔参与政治的积极性不如非裔，故选[A]。

[B]是就数据本身来加以总结的，只是将第四段第二句的第一个分句换个说法而已，只是陈述fact，不是给出opinion，故排除；作者在列举数据时只是客观地说明事实，并没有提出建议，故排除[C]；本段的数据只针对华盛顿区，并没有涉及到整个联邦，故排除[D]。

24．Hispanics influence American politics by______.
A．becoming more and more politically active
B．having turned over the powers of America Parties
C．waving between Democratic and Republican
D．turning Colorado, New Mexico and Nevada Democratic
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。

由第五段第三句可知，拉丁裔的选民数量在逐渐增加，再结合第五段前两句的内容可知，拉丁裔人的政治觉悟在不断提高，因此[A]正确。

第三段第四句提到，一旦今年的人口普查结果揭晓，将会有18个州的议员席位发生变化，这是一种预测，并不是实际发生的事实，故排除[B]；第六段首句说明拉丁裔选民坚定地支持民主党，并没有在两党之间举棋不定，故排除[C]；由第六段第二句可知，拉丁裔人口将佛罗里达州变成了民主党的天下，接下来提及拉丁裔选票在科罗拉多州、新墨西哥州和内华达州也具有至关重要的作用，但并没有说这三个州和佛罗里达州一样被拉丁裔人口变成了民主党的领地，故排除[D]。