陕西师范大学2015年考博英语历年试题

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陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案

陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案2015 Shaanxi Special Undergraduate English Exam Questions and AnswersPart I. Vocabulary and Structure1. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. (10 points)1. I suggested that you ________ your passport before you left for the airport.A. bringB. broughtC. bringingD. brings2. I am interested in learning ________ useful information in the lecture.A. manyB. a much D. some3. ________ w hen she would come to see me, she couldn’t tell.A. AskedB. AskingC. AskD. Being asked4. John left the office at 5 yesterday, so he ________ working hard.A. must stopB. must have stoppedC. had to stopD. should have stopped5. They insisted that the work ________ today.A. will be finishedB. is finishedC. was finishedD. be finished6. The United States ________ its independence from Britain in 1776.A. gotB. wonC. tookD. made7. The students told me that their teacher ________ them the story on Tuesday.A. tellsB. toldC. will tellD. is going to tell8. I don’t think my sister likes coffee. ________.A. Too she doesn’tB. Neither she doesC. Neither does sheD. Either she does9. If we want to succeed, we should try to ________ failure.A. look up toB. look out ofC. look down uponD. look forward to10. We are late. We ________ have left ten minutes ago.A. needB. oughtC. wouldD. should2. Choose the word or phrase that will best complete the blank(s) in each of the following. (10 points)1. The meeting will be ________ until the chairman arrives.A. put offB. put upC. set outD. set up2. Two of the most ________ contributions to medicine in recent years are the MRI scanner and the laser surgery.A. excitedB. excitingC. exciteD. excites3. A new course ________ on modern Chinese literature.A. beganB. was begunC. startedD. was started4. Not only Mary but also Jane ________ her bad manner.A. is unhappy withB. are unhappy withC. are unhappy inD. is unhappy in5. My mother ________ in Beijing.A. bornB. was bornC. is bornD. is borned6. The lands we visit today in this park ________ in the past.A. are builtB. have been builtC. were-builtD. had been built7. To his ________, the thief has left no fingerprints behind.A. chanceB. satisfactionC. surpriseD. disappointment8. Profits ________ up much of product’s final price.A. makeB. takeC. cutD. build9. How far is it from New York to Boston? ________, it is about 250 miles.A. On the wholeB. GenerallyC. RoughlyD. On and on10. That was the first time that my father ________ a computer.A. programmedB. has programmedC. was programmingD. had programmedPart II. Cloze (20 points)Most of us can identify with one of the following pictures of ourselves: Asleep in the arms of a caring parent, playing on the living room floor aboard __1__ the family dog, or studying late into the night for a final exam. These images recall the youth __2__ we have all experienced. They remind us of the __3__ struggles and triumphs that have shaped us into the __4__ who we are today. As __5__ , most of us could recall some image of ourselves __6__ in our parents’ arms. The comfort and security provided by __7__ a relationship with a parent during early experiences has allowed us to explore other __8__ in the world. As adults, __9__ remains true. We assure our___________________________________________These early perceptions shape our sense of self. The success of our relationships in __10__ depends on how competent and comfortable we feel in our world. The __11__ to which we are able to trust others is an essential aspect of the nature of our sense of self esteem. Whether we can show just __12__ or whether we can fully and openly offer it to___________________________________________.Just how important the origin of our self images is remains a matter of debate. __13__ attaching too much importance to them is attended by a similar problem. Our experience with ______________________________ and our relationships as individuals __14__ us unique. Even the earliest experiences we have during the first year of life can, according to some theorists, shape us as adults. The critic Kenneth Kenniston, for one, believes that early attachment in life is crucial to the development of our adult __15__.Certainly as infants we are in great need of__________________. Our biological design requires a lengthy period of care after birth. But once our basic physical needs are met, we remain __16__, needing attention and communication. Our ____________________ progress from the satisfaction of thisdesire is vital to our emotional development. Certainly the case of “Anna”,___________________________________________.The natural bond that does exist between infants and caregivers is supported by research. Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, prominent figures in the field of developmental psychology, have examined the unique ways in which __17__ relationships affect our growth. Like the parents and children we see in the pictures in which we ourselves are __18__, these relationships help us to develop the __19__ and flexibility needed to respond to social situations. In repeatedly stories and newspapers, we see the __20__ of our relationships.Part III . Reading Comprehension (40 points)1. Choose the best answer. (10 points)Jean is a young woman, just out of school, who is now making her way in the world. Her job as a secretary is not well paid, but she enjoys it. The problems in her life began when she moved to a new city a year ago.She moved into a flat with a friend of hers, Judy, and they got on very well. They enjoyed going out together in the evenings, drinking, dancing, chatting, and having a fun time. Andon the other day, Jean would get up early in the morning and go off to work eventually.One day Judy introduced Jean to her cousin, Brian, who is a taxi driver. They immediately went out together, as Judy suggested, and they really enjoyed each other’s company. Slowly, however, Jean realized that the times when she saw Brian away from Judy were becoming infrequent. She got the feeling that Brian was embarrassed to be seen with her in the flat. He visited her at the weekend, and they went out to eat, to drink, or to the cinema. But when Jean suggested that they go to a bar near the flat, Brian quickly made his excuses and left as soon as he could.Jean was upset by this. She worried that she was an embarrassment to Brian when they were in company. Then she began to wonder why they never went to his flat... Brian’s cousin, Judy, who was embarrassed when she failed to see Brian more at work, told her quite bluntly that Brian liked mixed-riviss.2. Read the following passage and write True or False beside the number(s) of the statement(s) you read implied by the passage. (10 points)Children Become Couch TatersExperts in Britain are worried that children are becoming “couch taters” rather than “couch potatoes.” Couch potatoes are known for sitting around watching television. But now they are not only sitting—they are also getting fatter and fatter.Obesity is one of the biggest health problems caused by being inactive. Louise Abbott-Jones of the British National Institute of Health Development said recently that 25 percent of children between the ages of two and 15 are overweight or obese. This is a big problem. Obese children are more likely to have bad hearts and raise blood pressure when they are young adults.To help overcome this problem, the British government is giving money to 30 schools to introduce programs that will help children overcome the “couch tater” syndrome. The schools will improve their physical education classes and introduce programs to encourage children to cycle to school.3. According to a passage, Jean is upset because Brian is embarrassed to be seen with her in the flat. ( )Part IV . Sentence Structure (20 points)1. Error Identification: There is one error in each line. (10 points)I often (1) think that time (2) went by very quickly. In my (3) opinion, however, (4) time going not just disappear, (5) it also memories. We remember (6) the past not for they were, (7) but for they meant (8) to us. Event though all (9) times have gone (10), they have left2. Questions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.(10 points)1. Is it the shop that she bought the shoes?2. When it rained, the cat3. Did they already phone?4. Have you letters to post?5. He said never.Part V . TranslationTranslate the following Chinese into English. (20 points)1. 我认为我们需要更多的时间来准备这次考试。

2015年陕西高考英语精彩试题及问题详解解析汇报

2015年高考英语试题及答案第一部分英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节语音知识（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的选项，并在机读卡上将该选项涂黑。

1.StomachA. technologyB. exchangeC. chairD. church2. uncleA. concertB. strangeC. blanketD. autumn3. exactA. excellentB. exampleC. exerciseD. expensive4.tableA. cottageB. basketC. wakeD. Family5.doubleA. soulB. groupC.pronounceD.couple第二节: 情景对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在机读卡上将该选项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Doctor: Good morning, Sir ______6______Johnson: Yes, doctor. I’m always tired but when I go to bed I can’t sleep. Doctor: ______7________Johnson: Since I started my new job two months ago.Doctor: What is your job?Johnson: I’m in advertising. _______8________Doctor: It depends. How many hours do you work?Johnson: About 80 hours a week.Doctor: __9___________ Do you often take exercise?Johnson: Not very often. _____10__________Doctor: Well, you do need to find some time. Try to work less, or look for a stress-free job.A.That’s a lot.B.I like my job.C.Does it matter?D.How can I help you ?E.I don’t have the time.F.What time do you usually go to bed?G.How long have you had this problem?第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在机读卡上涂黑。

陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案

陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案2015 Shaanxi College Entrance Exam for Adults English TestSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on answer sheet.(10 points)One of the most popular ways to improve your English language skills is to watch English language movies. Not only is it fun, but it can help you to 1 your listening skills and pick up new vocabulary in context. Here are a few tips to 2 the most out of watching English movies.Choose the right movie: Make sure to choose a movie that is 3 to your current level of English. You can start with simple movies with subtitles and work your way up to more complex movies without subtitles.Watch with subtitles: Watching movies with subtitles can help you to understand the dialogue better and pick up new words and phrases. You can start with English subtitles and then 4 to watching without them once you feel more confident.Take notes: If you he ar a new word or phrase that you don’t understand, make a note of it and look it up later. Writing down new vocabulary can help you to remember it 5 .Focus on pronunciation: Pay attention to how the actors pronounce words and phrases. Try to mimic their pronunciation to improve your own English speaking skills.Discuss the movie: After watching a movie, discuss it with a friend or language partner. This will help you to use the new vocabulary and phrases you have learned in context.Overall, watching English movies is a fun and effective way to improve your language skills. Just remember to choose the right movie for your level and to take notes on any new vocabulary you encounter.1. A. improve B. enhance C. develop D. increase2. A. take B. get C. make D. have3. A. suitable B. appropriate C. relevant D. corresponding4. A. proceed B. advance C. transition D. shift5. A. better B. well C. good D. properlySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage. (30 points)Passage 1One of the best ways to improve your English reading skills is to read every day. Reading regularly will help you to become more fluent and confident in English. Here are a few tips to help you make the most out of your daily reading practice.Choose the right material: Make sure to choose reading material that is suitable for your level of English. You can start with simple books and gradually work your way up to more challenging material. Reading newspapers, magazines, and online articles can also help to improve your reading skills.Set aside time: Set aside a specific time every day for reading. This could be in the morning, during your lunch break, or before bed. Consistency is key when it comes to improving your reading skills.Take notes: If you come across a word or phrase that you don’t understand, make a note of it and look it up later. Writing down new vocabulary can help you to remember it better.Practice reading out loud: Reading out loud can help to improve your pronunciation and fluency. Try to read slowly and clearly, paying attention to how each word is pronounced.Discuss what you read: After reading a passage, discuss it with a friend or language partner. This will help you to understand the material better and use new vocabulary in context.1. Why is reading every day important for improving English skills?2. What kind of reading material is recommended for improving English skills?3. How can taking notes help improve English reading skills?4. Why is it important to practice reading out loud?5. How can discussing what you read with a friend help improve your English skills?Passage 2Traveling is a great way to improve your English speaking skills. Whether you are traveling to an English-speaking country or just practicing with native speakers, speaking English inreal-life situations can help you to become more fluent andconfident in the language. Here are a few tips to help you make the most out of your travel experience.Interact with locals: When traveling, try to interact with locals as much as possible. This can help you to practice your English skills in a natural setting and pick up new vocabulary and phrases.Join a language exchange: Many cities have language exchange programs where you can meet native English speakers who are learning your native language. This can be a great way to practice speaking English with a language partner and improve your language skills.Take a language course: If you are planning an extended trip, consider taking a language course in the country you are visiting. This will help you to immerse yourself in the language and improve your speaking skills more quickly.Keep a travel journal: Keeping a travel journal can help you to practice writing in English and reflect on your travel experiences. Try to write a few sentences every day about what you did, saw, and learned during your trip.Use technology: There are many language learning apps and websites that can help you to practice speaking English on thego. Try using these tools to supplement your language learning while traveling.1. Why is traveling a good way to improve English speaking skills?2. How can interacting with locals help improve English skills?3. What are some ways to practice speaking English while traveling?4. What is the benefit of keeping a travel journal?5. How can technology help improve English speaking skills while traveling?Overall, daily reading and traveling are both effective ways to improve your English language skills. By choosing the right material, setting aside time, taking notes, speaking with others, and using technology, you can make the most out of your language learning experience. Good luck on your journey to fluency!。

2015年全国医学博士入学统一考试英语真题及答案解析

2015年全国医学博士入学统一考试英语真题及答案解析Part I: Listening comprehension(略)Part II: Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word or phrases marked A,B,C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Despite his doctor’s note of caution, he never____from dring and smorking.A. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. people with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to____their hearing.A. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD. supplement33. impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to____larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. when the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their plan______.A. accordinglyB. alternativelyC. considerablyD. relatively35. it is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_____ future adults with appreciation of music.A. acquaintB. familiarizedC. endowD. amuse36. if the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy prices_____A. level outB. stand outC. come offD. wear off37. heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate_____ from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and_____ of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine,______ and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. the newly designed system is ____ to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenable Section BDirections: each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. every year more than 1000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. surviviors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude.A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. his imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47. the discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger, so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench it.A. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. a veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating touchy situation.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze(10%)Direction: in this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter’s cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby’s cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cellsof the mother. But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child’s body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the fires 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier. But this is not the case----microchimerism 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 70 percent of cases and to go the other way about half,56.As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer, in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59, according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of “cancer danger”. Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby’s immune system is extremely low.51. A. suggests B. suggesting C. having suggested D. suggested52. A. since B. although C. whereas D. when53. A. what B. whom C. who D. as54. A. predicted B. notorious C. proven D. detailed55. A. where B. when C. if D. whatever56. A. as many B. as much C. as well D. as often57. A. threat B. puzzle C. obstacle D. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletion C. amplification D. addition59. A. therefore B. furthermore C. nevertheless D. conclusively60. A. likelihood B. function C. influence D. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions: in this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish byhalf.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-first-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it’s pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent response to a cancer drug(or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would’ve been two competing companies hadn’t sat down and put their heads together.Are there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information? Who’s to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology’s favorite four-letter word: cure.61. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB.Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. in cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals now ____A. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion’s shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. from the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer that____A. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. from the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question___A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. the tone of the author of this passage seems to be_____A. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. potimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th leading cause of death in the US, chiefly because once it’s determined that a patient needs a new liver it’s difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there’s guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-grown livers into rats.The livers aren’t grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold(支架) with liver cells isolated from health livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also translated some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rat’s vascular systems. However, the current method isn’t perfect and can not seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can’t keep functioning for more than about 24 hours(hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat thansplant).But the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic, but if nothing goes horribly wrong—and especially if stem-cell research established a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. it can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended to____A. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the US.D. address the source of liver transplants67. what does the author mean when he says that the livers aren’t grown from scratch?A. the making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architectureB. a huge step toward building functioning livers in the labC. the building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. growing liver cells in the donor organ68. the biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab until____A. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. what seems to be the problem in the planted liver?A. the rats as wrong recipientsB. the time point of the transplantationC. the short period of the recellularizationD. the insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels70. the research team holds high hopes of_____A. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical bums typically experience severe damage to the cornea—the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye’s focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study, the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful on several patients whose bum injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient’s healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however, stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient’s own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The result of the study, based at Italy’s University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journalof Medicine.71. what is the main idea of this passage?A. stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by bums.B. the vision in the eyes blinded by bums for 10 years can be restoredC. the restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for10 yearsD. the burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons72. the Italian technique reported in this passage_____A. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye bums?A. the places in which people workB. the accidents that involve using household cleaning productsC. the mishaps that involved vehicles batteriesD. the disasters caused by battery explosion at home74. what is one of the requirements for the current approach?A. the stem cells taken from a healthy eyeB. the patient physically healthyC. the damaged eye with partial visionD. the blindness due to damaged optic nerves75. which of the following words can best describe the author’s attitude towards the new method?A. sarcasticB. indifferentC. criticalD. positivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the us by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday, a typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies—and are only party explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail(开创), after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city’s black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What’s exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies that it both probes the mechanisms invlilved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation. Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health , similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to while poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a “soft science” with little that’s serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle—fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicine.It’s time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society’s most deprived members. More important, it’s time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor.76. as shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects______.A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?A. where to liveB. which race to belong toC. how to adjust environmentallyD. what medical problem to suffer78. the Chicago-based project focuses its management on_____A. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?A. the racial perspectiveB. the environmental aspectC. the biological dimensionD. the psychological angel80. the author is a big fan of______A. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8,2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered, according to a report on the findings published in the Wall Street Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJ reports. At the very least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amid the cells of the African—American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. They used the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45’s cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies.Scientists have already discovered plenty of antibodies that either don’t work at all or only work on a couple of HIV strains. Last year marked the first time that researchers found ”broadly neutralizing antibodies”, which knock out many HIV strains. But none of those antibodies neutralized more than about 40 percent of them, the WSJ says. The newest antibody, at 91 percent neutralization , is a marked improvement.Still, more work needs to be done to ensure the antibodies would activate the immune system to produce natural defenses against AIDS, the study authors say. They suggest there test methods that blend the three new antibodies together—in raw form to prevent transmission of the virus, such as from mother to child; in a microbicide gel that women or gay men could use before sex to prevent infection; or as a treatment for HIV/AIDS, combined with antiretroviral drug.If the scientists can find the right way to stimulate production of the antibodies, they think most people could produce then, the WSJ says.81. we can learn from the beginning of the passage that_______A. a newly discovered antibody defeats 91% of the HIV strainsB. a new antiretroviral drug has just come on the marketC. American researchers have developed a new vaccine for HIVD. the African—American gay man was cured of this HIV infection82. what is the implication of the antibodies discovered in the cells of the African—American gay man?A. they can cure the 33 million AIDS patients in the worldB. they may strengthen the effects of the existing antiretroviral drugsC. they will kill all the HIV virusesD. they will help make a quick diagnosis of an HIV infection83. the newest antibody found in Donor 45 reflects a dramatic advance in terms of_____.A. pathologyB. pharmacologyC. HIV neutralizationD. HIV epidemiology84. according to the study authors, the three test methods are intended to____.A. advance the technology in condom production to prevent HIV infectionB. facilitate the natural immune defense against AIDSC. develop more effective antiretroviral drugs85. the passage is most likely_____.A. a news reportB. a paper in ScienceC. an excerpt from an Immunology TextbookD. an episode in a science fiction novel.Passage SixWhitening the world's roofs would offset the emissions of the world's cars for 20 years, according to a new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.Overall, installing lighter-colored roofs and pavement can cancel the heat effect of two years of global carbon dioxide emissions, Berkeley Lab says. It's the first roof-cooling study to use a global model to examine the issue.Lightening-up roofs and pavement can offset 57 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide, about double the amount the world emitted in 2006, the study found. It was published in the journalEnvironmental Research Letters.Researchers used a conservative estimate of increased albedo, or solar reflection, suggesting that purely white roofs would be even better. They increased the albedo of all roofs by 0.25 and pavement by 0.15. That means a black roof, which has an albedo of zero, would only need to be replaced by a roof of a cooler color -- which might be more feasible to implement than a snowy white roof, Berkeley Lab says.The researchers extrapolated a roof's CO2 offset over its average lifespan. If all roofs were converted to white or cool colors, they would offset about 24 gigatons (24 billion metric tons) of CO2, but only once. But assuming roofs last about 20 years, the researchers came up with 1.2 gigatons per year. That equates to offsetting the emissions of roughly 300 million cars, all the cars in the world, for 20 years.Pavement and roofs cover 50 to 65 percent of urban areas, and cause a heat-island effect because they absorb so much heat. That's why cities aresignificantly warmer than their surrounding rural areas. This effect makes it harder -- and therefore more expensive -- to keep buildings cool in the summer. Winds also move the heat into the atmosphere, causing a regional warming effect.Energy Secretary Steven Chu, a Nobel laureate in physics (and former Berkeley Lab director), has advocated white roofs for years. He put his words into action Monday by directing all Energy Department offices to install white roofs. All newly installed roofs will be white, and black roofs might be replaced when it is cost-effective over the lifetime of the roof."Cool roofs are one of the quickest and lowest-cost ways we can reduce our global carbon emissions and begin the hard work of slowing climate change," he said in a statement.86. which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. a Decline in Car EmissionsB. white Roofs or Black PavementsC. the Effect of Linghting-up RoofsD. climate Change and Extreme Weathers87. a indicated by the passage, black roofs______A. are better than snowy white onesB. reflect not heat from the sunC. are more expensive to build in the urban areasD. are supposed to be placed by snowy white ones88. if they are converted to white or cooler colors, all roofs in the world in their lifetime_____A. can absorb 1.2 gigattons of CO2 a yearB. could serve as 300 million cars in terms of emissionC. would offset the emissions from 300 million carsD. would offset about 24 gigatons of CO2 as emitted from the cars89. according to the passage, it is hard and expensive to keep the urban buildings cool because of______A. the heat-island effectB. the lack of seasonal windsC. the local unique weatherD. the fast urban shrinkage90. energy Secretary Steven Chu implies that_____A. nothing could be more effective in cooling global warming than method he has advocatedB. the method in question still needs to be justified in the futureC. our global carbon emissions can be reduced by half if cool roofs are installedD. weather change and global warming can be addressed in no timePart V Writing(20%)Directions: in this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.什么是健康？人的健康包括身体健康和心理健康两个方面。

2015考博真题

一、单选1×50
上下尖牙区别
monson球面的半径
下颌神经前支中的感觉神经
前牙切割运动的杠杆运动形式
单囊性成釉细胞瘤处理方式
腺淋巴瘤病理特点
舌下腺结构
放射性骨髓炎病理表现
翼下颌间隙内容
下颌运动特点
下颌体骨化中心
颞下颌关节手术时切口方式
牙受垂直向力时牙龈主纤维中不受力的是
（以后想起来再补充）
二、名解2×10
近唇线角
pterygoid process
Terra dentition index
mento-cervical angle
taste threshold
alveolar bone proper
candidiasis
chronic gingivitis
branchial cleft cyst
lymphoepithelial carcinoma
三、简答5×6
解剖
1.根管系统在根部侧面开口的系统名称，并从解剖角度解释牙周病和牙髓病的相互影响。

2.口颌系统肌链的组成与功能？
3.临床上面神经的解剖方法，面神经主干的解剖标志点？
病理
1.口腔黏膜鳞癌有很多亚型，请举3例口腔黏膜鳞癌亚型，并叙述其镜下特点及生物学行为？
2.根据牙骨质组织结构学特性，叙述牙骨质龋特点？
3.肌上皮细胞来源的唾液腺良恶性肿瘤各举两例，及其镜下鉴别要点。

西北师大心理学考博英语真题试卷

西北师大心理学考博英语真题试卷1、18．Who is staying at home now? ________, all of them are out. [单选题] *A．NoneB．No one(正确答案)C．EveryoneD．Nothing2、The twins _______ us something about their country. [单选题] *A. told(正确答案)B. saidC. talkedD. spoke3、We can’t go out ______ school nights. （）[单选题] *A. inB. on(正确答案)C. atD. by4、78．According to a report on Daily Mail, it’s on Wednesday（）people start feeling really unhappy. [单选题] *A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that(正确答案)5、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.（）[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after6、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many7、Allen is looking forward to _______ his American partner at the trade fair. [单选题] *A. meetB. meeting(正确答案)C. be meetingD. having meeting8、The car _______ after forty minutes driving, so he didn’t have the interview on time. [单选题] *A. broke down(正确答案)B. broke inC. broke outD. broke up9、—How do you find（）birthday party of the Blairs? —I should say it was __________ complete failure．[单选题] *A．a; aB. the ; a(正确答案)C．a; /D．the; /10、27．Will it ______ warm in the room? [单选题] *A．areB．be(正确答案)C．isD．going to be11、While studying abroad, he financially depended（）his wife. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. ofC. toD. from12、Be _______ when you are driving. [单选题] *A. afraidB. careful(正确答案)C. clearD. clean13、( ) My mother told me _____ in bed. [单选题] *A. not readB. not readingC. don’t readD. not to read(正确答案)14、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or15、—It’s too noisy outside. I can’t fall asleep.—I can’t, either. We have to ______ new ways to solve the problem.（）[单选题] *A. come up with(正确答案)B. get on withC. make up withD. catch up with16、No writer will be considered（）of the name until he writes a work. [单选题] *A. worthlessB. worthy(正确答案)C. worthwhileD. worth17、I don't know the man _____ you are talking about. [单选题] *A. who'sB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. which18、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking19、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing20、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much21、_______ your help, I passed the English exam. [单选题] *A. ThanksB. Thanks to(正确答案)C. Thank youD. Thank to22、My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet?_______ at the airport. [单选题] *A. herB. youC. him(正确答案)D. them23、Growing vegetables（）constantly watering. [单选题] *A. neededB. are neededC. were neededD. needs(正确答案)24、—Why do you call him Mr. Know?—______ he knows almost everything that we want to know.（）[单选题] *A. SoB. OrC. ButD. Because(正确答案)25、Betty works as a waitress to earn money for her education. [单选题] *A. 服务员(正确答案)B. 打字员C. 秘书D. 演员26、I took?some _______of the Great Wall?in China last year. [单选题] *A. potatoesB. tomatoesC. photos(正确答案)D. paintings27、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were28、—Can you play tennis? —______, but I’m good at football.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I can(正确答案)B. Yes, I doC. No, I can’tD. No, I don’t29、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect30、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents. [单选题] *A. satisfactionB. development(正确答案)C. communicationD. preparation。

陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案

陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1陕西2015年专升本英语考试真题及答案Reading Comprehension（阅读理解）Passage 1Questions 1-5Most people have no idea how many secrets a smile can hide. We all know it's pleasant to smile. But what is the hidden secret? According to a study, a smile can trick our brains into feeling better. And as we all know, when we feel happy, we smile. However, the surprising fact is that smiling triggers our brain to release chemicals that make us feel happy.1. Why do people smile according to the passage?A. They want to hide their secrets.B. They want to trick their brains into feeling better.C. They want to make themselves feel happy.D. They want to release chemicals that help them feel happy.答案：B2. According to the passage, what happens when we feel happy?A. We smile.B. We release chemicals that make us feel happy.C. We feel better.D. We trick our brains into feeling better.答案：A3. What does a smile trigger in our brain according to the passage?A. A release of chemicals that make us feel happy.B. A feeling of happiness.C. A desire to trick our brains.D. A desire to hide secrets.答案：B4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a hidden secret that a smile can have?A. Making us feel better.B. Trickling our brains.C. Releasing chemicals that make us feel happy.D. Making us hide secrets.答案：D5. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People should smile more often.B. Smiling is the key to happiness.C. Smiling can make us feel happier.D. Few people know the importance of smiling.答案：CPassage 2Questions 6-10Water is one of the most important resources in the world, yet millions of people still don't have access to clean water. As the global population grows, so does the demand for water. It is estimated that by 2025, two-thirds of the world's population could be facing water shortages. The scarcity of water not only affects humans but also has a devastating impact on theenvironment. It is crucial for us to take action now to conserve water and protect this vital resource.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The scarcity of water.B. The importance of conserving water.C. The impact of water shortages on humans and the environment.D. The growing demand for clean water.答案：B7. What is the estimated percentage of the world's population that could be facing water shortages by 2025?A. One-third.B. Two-thirds.C. Half.D. Three-quarters.答案：B8. According to the passage, who is affected by the scarcity of water?A. Only humans.B. Only animals.C. Only the environment.D. Humans and the environment.答案：D9. What does the author suggest we do in response to the scarcity of water?A. Ignore the problem.B. Take action to conserve water.C. Wait until the situation improves.D. Do nothing.答案：B10. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Water shortages are not a serious issue.B. It is too late to take action to conserve water.C. Water conservation is essential for the future.D. The demand for water will decrease in the future.答案：C以上是陕西2015年专升本英语考试的阅读理解部分的真题及答案。

(完整word版)2015年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题

2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按”考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2。

试卷一（Paper One)答案和试卷二（PaperTwo）答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3。

试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑：如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4。

标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5。

听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。

国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said，The question will be read only once, After you hear the question，read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D。

Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example。

You will hear.Woman：1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read。

陕西师范大学高起专综合英语(一)考试及答案

综合英语（一）一Multiple Choice1 Every time you meet someone, give him your udivided attention for four minutes.A incompleteB wholeheartedC separated2 here are some noticeable differences between American English and British English.A obviousB greatC unavoidable3 Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body the brain.A similarB complicatedC delicate4 The chain of thought would be imermpted if you often consult the dictionary while reading.A brokenB irregularC continuous5 I put a large wooden tub on the kitchen floor of our cottage.A bowlB barrelC bucket6 Every American professor is granted the sabbatical leave approximately every seven years.A less thanB roughlyC exactly7 The doctor thought the patient was really bullheadedA turning into a bull's headB stupid and stubbornC as big as a bull's head8 Mr. Brown is the principal of a British school.A mainB lawC headmaster9 It is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language.A accurateB differentc exactly10 When Grandpa was dying, the whole family was summonedA sent forB sent offC called for二Grammar and structure1 _the brain is given plenty of exercise, it keeps its power.A as long asB Before .C UntilD Assoonas.2 Must we always have the potatoes__ ?A toboilB boiloC boiligD boiled3 You may have noticed that the. does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.A ordinary peopleB people in generalC average peopleD average person4 __sandwiches for our picnic, Aunt Mary gave us a bag of cookies.A In additionB BesideC In addition toD Except for5 When the clever ants came directly__the bait they let themselves fall squarely into the middle of theirA uponB overC aboveD on6 If he had spoken to me in plain English, I __A would understandB could understandC would have understoodD will understand7 lt's no use _ that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation.A to be pretendingB pretendingC to pretendD pretend8 Few sabbatical leave are _ to be described in national newspapers and magazines.A too interestingB interesting enoughoC very interestingD enough interesting9 My family were not going to be helpful about______ a cooking job.A me to takingB metotakeC my have takenD my taking10. There are several methods_may be used in unlocking the meaning of unfamiliar words.A whereB whom.C thatD in which三Recognition.1. The examination will test your ability to understand spoken English, to readA B Cnon-technical language, and writing correctly.D2. The differential attractions of the sun and the moon have a direct effect in the rising andA B Cfalling of the tide.D3. If it receives enough rain at the proper time, hay will grow quickly as grass.A B D4. The value of the dollar declines as the rate of inflation raises.A B C D5. I’m tired after such a long day, so I thinkB C D6. Almost we had given up hope of ever finding a place to live.A C D7. I want that new car but which is too expensive for me to present.C D8. This is the second time that I am in Beijing.A B C9. Knowing how to do a thing is easier than to do it.C D10. Is Brazil largest country in South America in area and in population?A B C D四Reading comprehension.A Working Woman’s Dilemma (困惑)Dear Doctor,My husband and I got married in 1985 and for the first ten years of our marriage I was very happy to stay home and raise our three children. Then four years ago, our youngest child went to school and I thought I might go back to work.My husband was very supportive and helped me to make my decision. He emphasized all of the things I can do around the house, and said he thought I could be a great success in business.After several weeks of job－hunting, I found my present job, which is working for a small public relations firm. At first, my husband was very proud of me and would tell his friends, "My clever little wife can run that company she's working for."But as his joking remark approached reality, my husband stopped talking to me about my job. I have received several promotions and pay increases, and I am now making more money than he is. I can buy my own clothes and a new car.Because of our combined incomes, my husband and I can do many things that we had always dreamed of doing, but we don't do these things because he is very unhappy.We fight about little things and my husband is very critical of me in front of our friends. For the first time in our marriage, I think there is a possibility that our marriage may come to an end.I love my husband very much, and I don’t want him to feel inferior, but I also love my job. I think I can be a good wifeand a working woman, but I don't know how. Can you give me some advice? Will I have to choose one or the other or can I keep both my husband and my new career?Please help."DISTRESSED"1. The letter was most probably written ___.A. in 1995B. around 2000C. four years agoD. in 19852. The writer thought she might go back to work because___.A. she had to help support the familyB. all her children had grown upC. she was tired of house choresD. her youngest child was at school3. What do you think shows her husband was supportive?A. He took up all the work she used to do.B. He made all the decisions for her.C. He gave her encouragement.D. All of the above.4. The term “job-hunting” means ____.A. "hunting and working"B. "to find a job such as hunting"C. "to go hunting"D. "looking for a job"5. Her husband ____ when she first found her present job.A. was very critical of herB. felt disappointedC. was proud of herD. was happy but critical6. Her husband stopped talking to her about her job when ____.A. she received promotionsB. she made more money than her husband didC. her husband was very unhappyD. both A and B7. As her income increased, ____.A. she found a gap emerged between her and her husbandB. she bought more clothes and a new houseC. she did the many things she had dreamed ofD. she felt very proud of herself8. The couple fight about little things and her husband ____.A. often gets very angry with herB. often finds fault with her in front of their friendsC. feels guiltyD. is very disappointed9. For the first time since their marriage, the writer thinks ____.A. their marriage is successfulB. they can lead a happier lifeC. her husband is not so kind as beforeD. she might leave her husband for good10. The dilemma of the working woman is a choice between ____.A. husband and childrenB. children and workC. career and moneyD. job and marriage五翻译1我的一位朋友为我安排好了在北京的吃住。

陕西省2015年英语专升本考试真题

陕西省2015年英语专升本考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12015 Shaanxi English for Postgraduate Entrance ExaminationPart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. Listen carefully and choose the correct answer for each question. Each question will be read only once.1. What is the man's new job?A. A waiter.B. A salesman.C. A driver.D. A teacher.2. What did the woman decide not to do in the end?A. Give a speech.B. Attend the party.C. Go to the doctor.D. Visit her sister.3. When does the swimming pool close?A. At 7 o'clock.B. At 8 o'clock.C. At 9 o'clock.D. At 10 o'clock.4. How many people are in the man's family?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.5. What is the man worried about?A. His health.B. His job.C. His son's grades.D. His wife's cooking.Part II Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: This part is to test your knowledge of English grammar. Choose the correct answer for each question.6. ______ amazes me is that he is only two years old and he can already play the piano so well.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhomD. Which7. Beijing is ______ capital of China.A. aB. anC. theD. /8. I have never been to ______ United States.A. anB. theC. /D. a9. ______ is the weather like today?A. HowB. WhatC. WhereD. When10. If we don't hurry, we ______ the first train.A. don't catchB. won't catchC. catchD. will catchPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world. It is made from the seeds of a kind of cherry. When the seeds are ripe, they are picked. The seeds are then dried in the sun and roasted.Then the roasted seeds are ground into a powder. This powder is now called coffee.In the early years, coffee was only drunk in Arabia. Many years later the people in Turkey and Egypt began to drink coffee too. In the seventeenth century, coffee was brought to Europe. Today, it is drunk in almost every country in the world.Questions:11. How is coffee made?A. From a kind of cherry.B. From the leaves.C. From the flowers.D. From the roots.12. Where was coffee first drunk?A. In Europe.B. In Egypt.C. In Turkey.D. In Arabia.13. When was coffee brought to Europe?A. In the fifteenth century.B. In the seventeenth century.C. In the eighteenth century.D. In the nineteenth century.14. Today, where is coffee drunk?A. In only a few countries.B. In almost every country.C. In only the Arab countries.D. In Europe only.15. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The popularity of coffee.B. The taste of coffee.C. How to make coffee.D. The history of coffee.Good luck with your 2015 Shaanxi English for Postgraduate Entrance Examination!篇2Title: Shaanxi Province 2015 English Proficiency Test for Adult UndergraduatesIntroduction:The English proficiency test for adult undergraduates in Shaanxi Province is a crucial examination for individuals seeking to further their education through undergraduate studies. In 2015, the test featured a range of questions designed to assess candidates' listening, reading, writing, and speaking abilities in English. Let's take a closer look at the test and some sample questions from each section.Listening Section:The listening section of the test consisted of a series of audio clips with accompanying questions. Candidates had to listen carefully and select the correct answers based on the information they heard. Here is a sample question from the 2015 test:Sample Question:Listen to the following audio clip and answer the question below:Audio clip: "I really enjoyed the movie we saw last night. The acting was superb, and the special effects were amazing."Question: What did the speaker think of the movie?A) He thought the acting was terrible.B) He thought the special effects were disappointing.C) He thought the movie was enjoyable.Reading Section:The reading section included passages of text followed by comprehension questions. Candidates had to read carefully and demonstrate their understanding of the material. Here is a sample question from the 2015 test:Sample Question:Read the following passage and answer the question below:Passage: "Climate change is a pressing issue that requires urgent action. By reducing our carbon footprint and investing in renewable energy, we can help protect the environment for future generations."Question: What is the main issue discussed in the passage?A) DeforestationB) Climate changeC) Air pollutionWriting Section:The writing section required candidates to compose an essay on a given topic. This section tested candidates' ability to present coherent arguments and use proper grammar and vocabulary. Here is a sample writing prompt from the 2015 test:Sample Writing Prompt:Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. Use specific examples to support your arguments.Speaking Section:The speaking section involved candidates responding to prompts and engaging in conversation with the examiners. This section tested candidates' ability to articulate their thoughts clearly and express themselves fluently in English. Here is a sample speaking prompt from the 2015 test:Sample Speaking Prompt:Discuss a memorable vacation you have taken. Describe where you went, what you did, and why it was memorable.Conclusion:The English proficiency test for adult undergraduates in Shaanxi Province is a comprehensive assessment of candidates' language skills. By practicing sample questions and honing their English abilities, candidates can increase their chances of success on the test and pursue their educational goals.篇3【陕西省2015年英语专升本考试真题】Part I Listening Comprehension (25 marks)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2When can we expect the price of rice to come down?A) In a few days.B) In two weeks.C) In a month.D) In two months.Question 3Who can the book not help?A) College students.B) Widowed housewives.C) Math teachers.D) Nurses.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 6 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.6. What is the relation between the two speakers?A) Colleagues.B) Teacher and student.C) Customer and shop assistant.D) Father and daughter.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the purpose of the woman’s visit?A) To apply for a job.B) To buy a house.C) To ask for a pay rise.D) To attend a meeting.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 12 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What is the speaker talking about?A) How to reduce holiday stress.B) How to realize one’s dreams.C) How to get self-confidence.D) How to achieve happiness.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. What do we know about Jeanette Rankin?A) She was jailed in 1916.B) She won the popular vote.C) She fought for women’s rights.D) She advocated peace.Attending a concert in ViennaQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. What is so special about Vienna’s music scene?A) The number of concerts held.B) The variety of music genres.C) The historical buildings.D) The famous music schools.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. How do people in Vienna usually dress for a classical concert?A) In casual clothes.B) In traditional costumes.C) In formal attire.D) In extravagant outfits.【Answer Sheet】1.2.3.4.5.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.。

陕西师范大学考博英语题型分析

2015陕西师范大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、陕西师范大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇和结构15分30题Part2:完型15分15道题Part3:阅读理解40分5篇20个小题Part4:翻译10分英译汉5个句子Part5:写作20分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

2015考研英语真题：英语一真题完整版答案

Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically simi lar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befri end those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was takento_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who partywith the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear”because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so thatthe justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s l ame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handing one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspond ences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens’privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.Text 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the Am erican Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “foun d the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers’worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of inte grity across so many of ourinstitutions”Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirectionsIn the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of text to the world.(43)_________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_______This doesn`t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page--including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn`t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading ,our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they willbecome relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred yearsafter the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonist s’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText 121. C ended his regin in embarrassment22. A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23. C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25. B Carlos, a lesson for all European MonarchiesText 226. B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.C disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. D citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text 331.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.C marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText 436. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015年度陕西高考英语试题及标准答案

2015年陕西省高考英语试题第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

1. stomachA. technologyB. exchangeC. chairD. church2. uncleA. concertB. strangeC. blanketD. autumn3. exactA. excellentB. exampleC. exerciseD. expensive4. tableA. cottageB. basketC. wakeD. family5. doubleA. soulB. groupC. pronounceD. coupleKey: 1--5ACBCD第二节情景对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话情境和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

选项中有两个为多余选项。

Doctor: Good morning, Sir. 6Johnson :Yes, doctor. I'm always tired but when I go to bed I can't sleep. Doctor: 7Johnson : Since I started my new job two months ago.Doctor : What is your job ?Johnson : I’m in advertising. 8Doctor : It depends. How many hours do you work?Johnson: About 80 hours a weekDoctor: 9 . Do you often take exercise?Johnson: Not very often. 10 .Doctor; Well, you do need to find some time. Try to work less, or look for a more stress-free job.A. That's a lot!B. I like my job.C. Does it matter?D. How can I help you?E. I don't have the time.F. What time do you usually go to bed?G.. How long have you had this problem?Key:6—10 DGCAE第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

陕西省2015年英语专升本考试真题

陕西省2015年英语专升本考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12015年，陕西省英语专升本考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Children who are raised in homes where parents talk to them in an adult-like manner learn more words, excel at math and are better socially adjusted.These findings come from a study, recently published in Psychological Science, which showed that the number of words a child hears over the course of the day is strongly related to their development in language and other academic skills. The studyfound that children who heard a lot of talk were a full six months ahead of their low-talk peers in terms of language development. They also did better in math and social skills.1. The findings of the study suggest that _______.A. adults should talk to children in a more child-like mannerB. the amount of words a child hears is not related to their developmentC. children do better academically and socially when they hear more wordsD. children do better academically and socially when they hear fewer words2. According to the passage, children who heard more words were how far ahead of their low-talk peers in terms of language development?A. 3 monthsB. 6 monthsC. One yearD. Two years3. In what way did the children who heard more words outperform their low-talk peers?A. They were better at mathB. They were more socially adjustedC. They were more developed in language skillsD. All of the above4. The findings were based on a study published in _______.A. Science DailyB. Psychological ScienceC. Child DevelopmentD. Social Development5. The study suggests that parents should _______.A. speak to their children in an adult-like mannerB. let their children watch TV all dayC. limit the amount of words their children hearD. only speak to their children when necessaryPassage 2Read the following passage and answer the questions below.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.There is little doubt that the way your child's school is organized is at least as important as the way it teaches. Organizing schools along extended-day, extended-year or learning-intense models can yield substantial benefits for children. But even these schedules don't guarantee success. Much depends on the specifics of implementation.The devil is in the details. With extended learning time, for example, we can't just wait around for good things to happen. Careful thinking and actively seeking solutions are needed to ensure that more time for learning equals better outcomes.A new study by the National Center on Time & Learning (NCTL) points out some keys to success. For instance, schools must define what they want to achieve with more time for academics, and they need to measure their academic progress to determine whether the extra time is working. And they must identify effective strategies to get the greatest bang for the buck out of the added time.6. According to the passage, what is as important as the way schools teach?A. The way schools are fundedB. The organization of schoolsC. The caliber of the teachersD. The design of the school building7. Extended-day, extended-year and learning-intense models can yield substantial benefits for children, but _______.A. they guarantee success for all childrenB. the devil is in the detailsC. they are the only factors that influence successD. they are not necessary for success8. What do schools need to do in order to ensure that more time for learning equals better outcomes?A. Define their purpose and measure progressB. Increase fundingC. Hire more teachersD. Enroll more students9. According to the National Center on Time & Learning study, what are some keys to success in implementing extended learning time?A. Determining academic progress and measuring the outcomeB. Providing more time for recessC. Allowing students to have more say in their curriculumD. Hosting more school events10. The passage suggests that schools should _______.A. increase the number of holidaysB. extend the school dayC. cut back on classroom timeD. eliminate all extracurricular activities...Part IV Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following Chinese text into English. Write your translation on the translation sheet.41. 知识是宝库，阅读是开启宝库之门的钥匙。

2015年陕西高考英语试题及答案

- 让每一个人同等地提高自我2015 年陕西省高考英语试题第一部分：英语知识运用（共四节，满分55 分）第一节语音知识（共 5 小题；每题 1 分，满分 5 分）从每题的 A、 B、 C、D 四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡大将该选项涂黑。

1. stomachA. technologyB. exchangeC. chairD. church2. uncleA. concertB. strangeC. blanketD. autumn3. exactA. excellentB. exampleC. exerciseD. expensive4. tableA. cottageB. basketC. wakeD. family5. doubleA. soulB. groupC. pronounceD. coupleKey: 1--5ACBCD5 小题；每题 1 分，满分 5 分）第二节情形对话（共依据对话情境和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该选项涂黑。

选项中有两个为剩余选项。

Doctor: Good morning, Sir.6Johnson :Yes, doctor. I'm always tired but when I go to bed I can't sleep. Doctor:7Johnson : Since I started my new job two months ago.Doctor : What is your job ?Johnson : I’m in advertising.8Doctor : It depends. How many hours do you work?Johnson: About 80 hours a weekDoctor:9. Do you often take exercise?Johnson: Not very often.10.Doctor; Well, you do need to find some time. Try to work less, or look for a more stress-free job.A. That's a lot!B. I like my job.C. Does it matter?D. How can I help you?E. I don't have the time.F. What time do you usually go to bed?G.. How long have you had this problem?Key:6—10 DGCAE第三节语法和词汇知识（共15 小题；每题 1 分，满分 15 分）从每题的 A、B、C、 D 四个选项中，选出能够填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该选项涂黑。

(完整word版)2015年陕西高考英语试题及答案解析

2015年陕西高考英语试题及答案第一部分英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节语音知识（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的选项，并在机读卡上将该选项涂黑。

1.StomachA. technologyB. exchangeC. chairD. church2. uncleA. concertB. strangeC. blanketD. autumn3. exactA. excellentB. exampleC. exerciseD. expensive4.tableA. cottageB. basketC. wakeD. Family5.doubleA. soulB. groupC.pronounceD.couple第二节: 情景对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在机读卡上将该选项涂黑，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Doctor: Good morning, Sir ______6______Johnson: Yes, doctor. I’m always tired but when I go to bed I can’t sleep.Doctor: ______7________Johnson: Since I started my new job two months ago.Doctor: What is your job?Johnson: I’m in advertising. _______8________Doctor: It depends. How many hours do you work?Johnson: About 80 hours a week.Doctor: __9___________ Do you often take exercise?Johnson: Not very often. _____10__________Doctor: Well, you do need to find some time. Try to work less, or look for a stress-free job.A.That’s a lot.B.I like my job.C.Does it matter?D.How can I help you ?E.I don’t have the time.F.What time do you usually go to bed?G.How long have you had this problem?第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在机读卡上涂黑。

2015年博士生入学考试外语真题

2015年博士生入学考试外语真题中国社会科学院研究生院2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语2015年3月14 日8:30 – 11:30PART I: Vocabulary and GrammarSection A (10 points)Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.1. Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is ______________ and horizontally spread out.a. prudentb. reversiblec. diffused. mandatory2. In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history, some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to _______________.a. refineb. discernc. embedd. cluster3. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by T ony Blair, wasdesigned to give the other members of the club a bigger ______________ and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.a. sayb. transmissionc. decayd. contention4. It can hardly be denied the proliferation of so-called dirty books and films has, to date, reached almost a saturation point. People do not acknowledge the _______________ fact that children are bound to be exposed to ―dirty words‖in a myriad of ways other than through the public airwaves.a.i rrefutableb. concretec. inevitabled. haphazard5. A condition is an essential term of the contract. If a contract is not performed, it may constitute a substantial breach of contract and allow the other party to _______________ the contract, that is, treat the contract as discharged or terminated.a. repudiateb. spurnc. declined. halt6. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words as well as agreed conventions ______________ these words should be arranged to convey a particular message. a. as the way by which b. by the way in whichc. as to the way in whichd. in the way of which7. Rarely ______________ a technological development _______________ an impact on many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as greatly as the growth of electronics.a. has… hadb. had…hadc. has…hasd. have…had8. If early humans ______________ as much as they did, they probably ______________ to evolve into different species.a. did not move and intermingle…would continueb. would not move and intermingle…had continuedc. had not moved and intermingled…would have continuedd. were not to move and intermingle…could have continued9. It was ______________ the last time around the track ______________ I really kicked itin--passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran--pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.a. not until…whenb. not until…thatc. until…whend. until…that10．One impediment ______________ the general use of a standard in pronunciation is the fact ______________ pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously, while orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.a. in…whichb. of …in whichc. on…thatd. to…thatSection B (5 points)Directions: Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word.11. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizensbetween India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.a. divisionb. turmoilc. fusiond. consolidation12. Concerning speculation, philosophy looks upon things from the broadest possible perspective;for criticism, it has the twofold role of questioning and judging everything that pertains either to the foundations or to the superstructure of human thinking.a. inebriatesb. forsakesc. relatesd. emaciates13. Meeting is, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological side show.Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating，if not preventing, change.a. promotingb. impedingc. temperingd. arresting14. The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopiapresented by the players and the evil empires portrayed bytheir critics.a. collaborationb. worthc. triumphd. defect15. But Naifeh and Smith reveal a keen intellect, an avid reader and a passionate observer of otherartists’ work who progressed from labored figure studies to inspir ed outbursts of creative energy.Far from an artistic flash in the pan, he pursued his calling with dogged determination against nearly insurmountable odds.a. insuperableb. unsurpassablec. uncountabled. invaluableSection C (5 points)Directions: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.16.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congress is the power toinvestigate, which is usually delegated to committees—either standing committees, specialA Bcommittees set for a specific purpose, or joint committees consisting of members of bothC Dhouses.17.One of the important corollaries to the investigative power is the power to publicizeinvestigations and their results. Most committee hearings areopen to public and are reportedA Bwidely in the mass media. Congressional investigations thus represent one important toolCavailable to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interest in national issues.D18.It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which weA Balmost always know. We begin the natural learning of pronunciation long before we start Clearning to read or write, and in our early years we go on unconsciously imitating andDpracticing the pronunciation of those around us for many hours everyday.19. It had happened too often that the farmers sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debtsAwere coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,Bproducer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become involved, atCleast not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.D20.Detailed studies of the tribe by the food scientists at the University of London showed thatAgathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields onB Caverage about 100 edible calories as an hour of gathering produces 240.DPART II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage 1Plato’s Republic has been the source of great consternation, especially in literary circles, for itsattack on the poets. Socrates in fact asserts that they should have no place in the ideal state. Eric Havelock suggests that there are several misunderstandings in this regard, and in his Preface to Plato he identifies the issues, explains the historical context.Havelock opens his discussion by suggesting that the very title of the Republic is the source of much confusion. The book is commonly understood to be a treatise on the ideal political entity, but even a casual analysis will show that only one-third of the text is concerned with statecraft. The other two-thirds cover a variety of su bjects, but the thrust of Plato’s argument amounts to an attack on the traditional Greek approach to education.The educational methods still in use in the 4th century BC had their origins in what has been called the Greek Dark Age beginning around 1200 BC when the Mycenaean era collapsed. Very little is known about the whys and wherefores of this collapse, but it wasn’t until around 700 BC that the Phoenicianalphabet began to be adapted and used in the Greek-speaking world. During the intervening centuries, all knowledge concerning Greek history, culture, mores and laws were orally transmitted down through the generations. The most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of information was rhyme. The epic form we see in Homer’s Iliad grew out of the need to preserve the Greek cultural memory. Havelock takes the reader through Book 1 of The Iliad and dissects it in detail to show how this cultural, historical and ethical heritage was conveyed. The Iliad takes on new and significant meaning to the reader of this minute examination.The Iliad and presumably other poetic vehicles were taught to children from an early age. The whole of the Greek-speaking world was immersed in the project of memorizing, and out of the masses arose those individuals with superior memories and theatrical skills who became the next generation of minstrels and teachers. Education was thus comprised of memorization and rote learning, and the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals.Plato’s focus in the Republic and elsewhere is on Homer and Hesiod and to some extent the dramatists which at the time were the centerpieces of the educational regime. Their works presented gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth. The overall result is that the Greek adolescent is continually conditioned to an attitude which at bottom is cynical. It is more important to keep up appearances than to practice the reality. Decorum and decent behavior are not obviously violated, but the inner principle of morality is. Once the Republic is viewed as a critique of the educational regime, Havelock says that the logic of its total organization becomesclear.What Pl ato was railing against was an ―oral state of mind‖ which seems to have persisted even though the alphabet and written documentation had been in use for three centuries. Illiteracy was thus stil l a widespread problem in Plato’s time, and the poetic state of mind was the main obstacle to scientific rationalism and analysis. This is why Plato regarded the poetic or oral state of mind as the arch-enemy. In his teachings he did the opposite. He ask ed his students to ―think about what they were sa ying instead of just saying it.‖The epic had become, in Plato’s view, not ―an act of creation bu t an act of reminder and recall‖ and cont ributed to what Havelock terms ―the Homeric state of mind.‖It was So crates’project (and by extension Plato’s) to reform Greek education to encourage thinking and analysis. Thus all the ranting and railing about the ―poets‖ in Plato’s Republic was limited basically to Homer and Hesiod because of what he viewed as a wholly inadequate approach to education of which these particular poets were an integral part.Unfortunately, Western culture has misconstrued wh at Plato and Socrates meant by ―the poets.‖And because we view poetry as a highly creative and elevated form of expression, our critics have failed to recognize that Plato’s diatribe had a very specific and limited target which had nothing to do with high-minded creativity, of which there is plenty, by the way, in the proscribed poet s. It wasn’t really the poets who were the problem; it was the use of them that was deemed unacceptable.Post-Havelock, we can now read the Republic with the scales lifted from our eyes and see it for what it really was: an indictment of an antiquated educational regime which had no place in a democratic society.Comprehension Questions:21. The mistaken understanding of Plato's Republic consists in the widespread belief that it consistsof _______________.a.literary criticismb. a treatise on the ideal polityc. a critique of rationalismd. an indictment of an obsolete pedagogy22. According to Havelock, Plato’s anger with the poets arose from:I: Their representation of gods and heroes as fundamentally immoral and thus bad examples for youth.II: Their transmission of culture, mores and laws.a. I.b. II.c. Both I and II.d. Neither I nor II.23. Prior to the 4th century BC, recitation was considered the best educational method because______________.a.poetry was seen as a highly creative and elevated form of expressionb.rhyme was the most effective device in aid of memorizing vast amounts of informationc.there was no writing systemd.the people enjoyed constant reminders through public readings and festivals24. In Plato's diatribe the poetic or oral state of mind is the arch-enemy of _______________.a.democratic societyb. the Mycenaean Republicc .the Phoenicians d. literacy25. A common critique of the present-day Chinese educational system resembles the educationalsystem that Plato fulminated against in that it often _______________.a.asks students to think about what they were saying instead of just saying it/doc/8e18884558.htmlprises of memorization and rote learningc.has a very specific and limited targetd.encourages thinking and analysisPassage 2To govern is to choose how the revenue raised from taxes is spent. So far so good, or bad. But some people earn more money than others. Should they pay proportionately more money to the government than those who earn less? And if they do pay more money are they entitled to more services than those who pay less or those who pay nothing at all? And should those who pay nothing at all because they have nothing get anything? These matters are of irritable concern to ourrulers, and of some poignancy to the rest.Although the equality of each citizen before the law is the rock upon which the American Constitution rests, economic equality has never been an American ideal. In fact, it is the one unmentionable subject in our politics, as the senator from South Dakota recently discovered when he came up with a few quasi-egalitarian tax reforms. The furious and enduring terror of Communism in America is not entirely the work of those early cold warriors Truman and Acheson.A dislike of economic equality is something deep-grained in the American Protestant character. After all, given a rich empty continent for vigorous Europeans to exploit (the Indians were simply a disagreeable part of the emptiness, like chiggers), any man of gumption could make himself a good living. With extra hard work, any man could make himself a fortune, proving that he was a better man than the rest. Long before Darwin the American ethos was Darwinian.The vision of the rich empty continent is still a part of the American unconscious in spite of the Great Crowding and its attendant miseries; and this lingering belief in the heaven any man can make for himself through hard work and clean living is a key to the majority’s prevailing and apparently unalterable hatred of the poor, kept out of sight at home, out of mind abroad.Yet there has been, from the beginning, a significant division in our ruling class. The early Thomas Jefferson had a dream: a society of honest yeomen, engaged in agricultural pursuits, without large cities, heavy industry, banks, military pretensions. The early (and the late) Alexander Hamilton wanted industry, banks, cities, and a military force capable of making itself felt in world politics. It is a nice irony that so many of toda y’s laissez-faire conservatives think that they descend from Hamilton, the proponent of a strong federal government, and that so many liberals believe themselves to be the heirs of the early Jefferson, who wanted little more than a police force and a judiciary. Always practical, Jefferson knew that certain men would rise through their own good efforts while, sadly, others would fall. Government would do no more than observe this Darwinian spectacle benignly, and provide no succor.In 1800 the Hamiltonian view was rejected by the people andtheir new President Thomas Jefferson. Four years later, the Hamiltonian view had prevailed and was endorsed by the reelected Jefferson. Between 1800 and 1805 Jefferson had seen to it that an empire in posse had become an empire in esse. The difference between Jefferson I and Jefferson II is reflected in the two inaugural addresses.It is significant that nothing more elevated than greed changed the Dr. Jekyll of Jefferson I into the Mr. Hyde of Jefferson II. Like his less thoughtful countrymen, Jefferson could not resist a deal. Subverting the Constitution he had helped create, Jefferson bought Louisiana from Napoleon, acquiring its citizens without their consents. The author of the Declaration of Independence was quite able to forget the unalienable rights of anyone whose property he thought should be joined to our empire—a word which crops up frequently and unselfconsciously in his correspondence.In the course of land-grabbing, Jefferson II managed to get himself into hot water with France, England, and Spain simultaneously, a fairly astonishing thing to do considering the state of politics in Napoleonic Europe.Comprehension Questions:26. The author believes that Americans ________________.a. still believe America to be largely unpopulatedb. largely believe in lower taxationc. are in favor of taxation without representationd. should reconsider the Louisiana purchase27. From the passage, we may assume that the senator from South Dakota _______________.a. opposed tax reformb. was Thomas Jeffersonc. failed in his attempt to reform tax lawd. was Alexander Hamilton28. Jefferson made it possible for ________________.a. a potential empire to become a real oneb. tax laws to reflect the will of the peoplec. France, England, and Spain to simultaneously vacillate upon their mutual feelings towardsthe United States.d. Darwinian social theories to be accepted without question29. Jefferson’s early political writings espoused what would today b e called _______________.a. collectivismb. libertarianismc. socialismd. liberalism30. The author holds that Jefferson’s purchase of the Louisiana territories _______________.a. may be seen as a hypocritical actb. rigorously held with his previous views of inalienable rightsc. cannot be seen as an act of empire-expansiond. was an act meant to lower taxes and improve the wealth of the nationPassage 3If, besides the accomplishments of being witty and ill-natured, a man is vicious into the bargain, he is one of the most mischievous creatures that can enter into a civil society. His satire will then chiefly fall upon those who ought to be the most exempt from it. Virtue, merit, and everything that is praiseworthy, will be made the subject of ridicule and buffoonery. It is impossible to enumerate the evils which arise from these arrowsthat fly in the dark; and I know no other excuse that is or can be made for them, than that the wounds they give are only imaginary, and produce nothing more than a secret shame or sorrow in the mind of the suffering person. It must indeed be confessed that a lampoon or a satire do not carry in them robbery or murder; but at the same time, how many are there that would not rather lose a considerable sum of money, or even life itself, than be set up as a mark of infamy and derision? And in this case a man should consider that an injury is not to be measured by the notions of him that gives, but of him that receives it. Those who can put the best countenance upon the outrages of this nature which are offered them, are not without their secret anguish. I have often observed a passage in Socrates’ behavio r at his death in a light wherein none of the critics have considered it. That excellent man entertaining his friends a little before he drank the bowl of poison, with a discourse on the immortality of the soul, at his entering upon it says that he does not believe any the most comic genius can censure him for talking upon such a subject at such at a time. This passage, I think, evidently glances upon Aristophanes, who write a comedy on purpose to ridicule the discourses of that divine philosopher. It has been observed by many writers that Socrates was so little moved at this piece of buffoonery, that he was several times present at its being acted upon the stage, and never expressed the least resentment of it. But, with submission, I think the remark I have here made shows us that this unworthy treatment made an impression uponhis mind, though he had been too wise to discover it. When Julius Caesar was lampooned by Catullus, he invited him to a supper, and treated him with such a generous civility, that hemade the poet his friend ever after. Cardinal Mazarine gave the same kind of treatment to the learned Quillet, who had reflected upon his eminence in a famous Latin poem. The cardinal sent for him, and, after some kind expostulations upon what he had written, assured him of his esteem, and dismissed him with a promise of the next good abbey that should fall, which he accordingly conferred upon him in a few months after. This had so good an effect upon the author, that he dedicated the second edition of his book to the cardinal, after having expunged the passages which had given him offence. Though in the various examples which I have here drawn together, these several great men behaved themselves very differently towards the wits of the age who had reproached them, they all of them plainly showed that they were very sensible of their reproaches, and consequently that they received them as very great injuries. For my own part, I would never trust a man that I thought was capable of giving these secret wounds; and cannot but think that he would hurt the person, whose reputation he thus assaults, in his body or in his fortune, could he do it with the same security. There is indeed something very barbarous and inhuman in the ordinary scribblers of lampoons. I have indeed heard of heedless, inconsiderate writers that, without any malice, have sacrificed the reputation of their friends and acquaintance to a certain levity of temper, and a silly ambition of distinguishing themselves by a spirit of raillery and satire; as if it were not infinitely more honourable to be a good-natured man than a wit. Where there is this little petulant humor in an author, he is often very mischievous without designing to be so.Comprehension Questions:31. According to the author, those who want to trivializesatire tend to suggest that_______________.a. the damage is immaterialb. the effect is mere buffooneryc. wit is a streak of geniusd. the mischief must be taken in a spirit of raillery32. What would be the best strategy for the object of satire to adopt, according to the author?a. To take no heed.b. To placate the author.c. To take offence.d. To suffer the consequences.33. The main purpose of this article is ________________.a. the derision of the perpetrators of satireb. a warning against mischievous scribblersc. creating understanding of the genred. reproaching fellow satirists34. When the author speaks of ―this little petulant humor‖it is evident that he means________________.a. good-natured witb. the choleric temperc. a silly ambitiond. submission35. In view of the opinion of the author, it is unlikely that the author is a ________________.a. man of lettersb. satiristc. witd. a good-natured man Passage 4Alexander the Great’s conquests in the Eastern Mediterranean initiated a series of profound cultural transformations in the ancient centers of urban civilization of the Fertile Crescent. The final destruction of native rule and the imposition of an alien elite culture instigated a cultural discourse—Hellenism—which irrevocably marked all participants, both conquerors and conquered. This discourse was particularly characterized by a transformation of indigenous cultural traditions, necessitated by their need to negotiate their place in a new social order. As Bowerstock has argued, the process of Hellenization did not accomplish the wholesale replacement of indigenous cultural traditions with Greek civilization. Instead, it provided a new cultural vocabulary through which much pre-existing cultural tradition was often able to find new expression. This phenomenon is especially intriguing as it relates to language and literacy. The ancient civilizations of the Syro-Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultural spheres were, of course, literate, possessing indigenous literary traditions already of great antiquity at the time of the Macedonian conquests. The disenfranchisement of traditional elites by the imposition of Greek rule had the related effect of displacing many of the traditional social structures where in indigenous literacy functioned and was taught—in particular, the institutions of the palace and the temple. A new language of power, Greek, replaced the traditional language of these institutions. This had the unavoidable effect of displacing the traditional writing systems associated with these indigenous languages. Traditional literacy’s longstanding association with the centers of social and political authority began to be eroded.Naturally, the eclipse of traditional, indigenous literacy did not occur overnight. The decline of Cuneiform and Hieroglyphicliteracies was a lengthy process. Nor was the nature of their respective declines identical. Akkadian, the ancient language of Mesopotamian court and temple culture, vanished forever, along with cuneiform writing, in the first century CE. Egyptian lived on beyond the disappearance of hieroglyphic in the fourth century CE in the guise of Coptic, to succumb as a living, spoken language of daily social intercourse only after the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Even then, Coptic survives to this day as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church. This latter point draws attention to an aspect of the decline of these indigenous literacies worthy of note: it is in the sphere of religion that these literacies are often preserved longest, after they have been superseded in palace circles—the last dated cuneiform text we have is an astrological text; the last dated hieroglyphic text a votive graffito. This should cause little surprise. The sphere of religion is generally one of the most conservative of cultural subsystems. The local need to negotiate the necessities of daily life and individual and collective identity embodied in traditional religious structures is slow to change and exists in ongoing dialogue with the more readily changeable royal and/or state ideologies that bind various locales together in an institutional framework.The process of ―Hellenization‖ of the an cient cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean provides us, then, with an opportunity to observe the on-going effect on traditional, indigenous literacy of the imposition of a new status language possessed of its own distinct writing system. The cultural politics of written and spoken language-use in such contexts has been much discussed and it is clear that the processes leading to the adoption of a new language—in written form, or spoken form, or both—in some cultural spheres and the retention of traditional languages inothers are complex. Factors including the imposition of a new language from above, adoption of a new language of social prestige from below, as well as preservation of older idioms of traditional statusin core cultural institutions, must have affected different sectors of a conquered society in different fashions and at different rates.Comprehension Questions:36. The languages that have to some extent managed to survive Hellenization did so in what area?a. In palace circles.b. In governmental institutions.c. In the religious sphere.d. In philological circles.37. Which aspect of society, according to the passage, is one of the most resistant to change?a. Monarchical institutions.b. Religious institutions.c. Linguistic norms.d. State ideologies.38. In the first paragraph, you saw the underlined word disenfranchisement. Choose, among thefollowing expressions, the closest in similar meaning.a. the removal of power, right and/or privilegeb. a strong sense of disappointmentc. the prohibition of the right to conduct businessd. the loss of social position39. Who was the leader of the Macedonian Conquest?a. King Philip of Macedon.b. Pericles of Athens.。

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华慧考博—考博高端品牌华慧网咨询电话/QQ ：4006224468 华慧考博针对2015年陕西师范大学考博英语历年试题特点分析综述：陕西师范大学2015年考博英语试题题量不多，分为词汇题、阅读理解题、翻译（A 部分为5个句子的英译中；B 部分为一段中文的中译英）和写作四个部分。

除阅读理解部分试题和翻译的中译英部分有些地方有一定的难度外，其它试题整体难度不大。

词汇题主要考察词义辨析，也涉及少量词组辨析、固定搭配题和语法题，考生需要掌握一定的词汇量和英语语法知识；阅读部分有4篇文章，文章内容涉及太多使用权的弊端、对美国人生活的新影响、交流中的言外之意、第二语言习得的未来；主要考察细节事实题和推理判断题；也涉及少量主旨大意题和词汇题。

翻译的英译中部分句子结构和内容不复杂，翻译起来应该不难；翻译的中译英部分除个别地方句子结构比较复杂外，整体上较容易翻译。

写作部分属于根据话题来表达个人观点，对考生而言应该不难。

一、词汇题（总分为30分）
1. 分值+题量：30分=30题
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平
3. 题型：选词填空
4. 考点：需考生掌握一定的词汇量和英语语法知识
二、阅读题（总分为20分）
1. 分值+题量：20分=4篇（每篇5道题，共20道题）
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平（127-485字）
3. 题型：阅读文章后做选择题
4. 特点：文章内容涉及太多使用权的弊端、对美国人生活的新影响、交流中的言外之意、第二语言习得的未来；除个别试题外，试题难度整体不大。

5. 考点：侧重于细节事实题和推理判断题，也涉及少量主旨大意题和词汇题。

三、翻译（总分为30分）
A 部分（总分为15分）
1. 题型：5个句子的英译中
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平
3. 考点：考察对that 引导宾语从句、because 引导原因状语从句、that 引导后置定语从句、but 引导转折句、who 引导宾语从句、when 引导时间状语从句、which 引导后置定语从句等的翻译能力
B 部分（总分为15分）
1. 题型：一段中文的中译英
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平
3. 考点：考察对现在完成时态、that 引导宾语从句、一般将来时态、分词短语充当后置定语等的翻译能力
四、写作（总分为20分）
1. 题型：属于根据话题来表达个人观点的作文
2. 难度：大学英语六级水平
3. 考点：需要考生掌握表达观点类作文写作的方法和套路
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