The pleasure of learning 教案

Lesson1
Gilbert Highet(1906-1978):（Scottish-American）
He was born in Glasgow,Scotland,educated at Glasgow格拉斯哥and at Oxford, and became a naturalized(入籍的)American citizen in1951.He was known for his scholarly and critical writing.A classicist,academic,writer,intellectual,critic,and literary historian(古典学者；学者(大学教师)；作家，知识分子，评论员和文学史学家)
The Pleasure of Learning is a condensation(缩写本/节本)from the book,which was first published in“Reader’s Digest”,September,1976.
Introduction
Gilbert Highet thinks that learning is a natural pleasure,inborn and instinctive, one of the essential pleasures of the human race.However,this pleasure is not confined to learning from textbooks.It is found in all kinds of experience,in art,craft and exploration.
In The Pleasure of Learning,the author does a good job describing what adult educators in the1980’s and1990’s call“life-long learning”.There is an extensive literature on this subject,which includes many facets.Formal schooling is only one such facet,often the least successful one.
Highet presents a convincing and effective argument for his view that of all human activities which can be pursued at the individual level,learning is the most gratifying and fulfilling.Because learning can expand our experience,horizons and productivity,it is cumulative.Because the body decays,learning is the only human pleasure that is lasting;it remains with us for a lifetime.
Part one(1):
Introduction:The place of learning in people’s life and many people’s attitude to it.
A mistaken idea about learning—learning appears to be a surrender of our own will to external direction,a sort of enslavement.
“ought”suggests that you think it is morally right,a good idea and important for students to learn.
“must”suggests that learning is very necessary and very important for students to have or experience.
Part two(2---16):Development:
2-4:The explanation of why learning is a natural pleasure and why it is made dull to most people.
5-16:The source of pleasures in learning and the ways to gain pleasures in learning. Part three(17):
Conclusion:The pleasures of learning are indeed pleasures,or rather,happiness. Provided that you aim,throughout your life,as you continue learning,to integrate your thought,to make it harmonious.
It needs a long,deliberate effort of the mind and the emotions,and even the body avoiding being lazy,routine,stupid
Discussion
Why do you learn?
What aspects do learning include?
What is the pleasure of learning in your opinion?And what is the pleasure in the author’s?
Para1:A mistaken idea about learning—learning appears to be a surrender of our own will to external direction./learning appears to be a sort of enslavement. Surrender:surrender sb/oneself to sb
Para2-3:learning is a natural pleasure,one of the essential pleasures of the human race.
How does the writer prove that learning is an inborn and instinctive pleasure of human beings?
A.By watching a small child investigating a problem.
B.By talking to a little creature who can barely talk.
C.By describing the delightful films made by Dr.Gesell.
D.By interviewing many people in the street.
Instinct：
His first instinct is to run away.Her instincts had been right.
Para4:what in the author’s opinion produces dull and incurious people./Why are there so many dull and incurious people in the world.
The author believes that wealth could dull people’s brains,kill their intellectual curiosity(求知欲)and destroy their natural interest in learning.
With all:
With all his shortcomings,I still think he is the best choice.
With all his education,he could not get a job.
Para5-9:The definition of learning.(Para.5-9)
Para5:learning does includes learning from books,not just textbooks.
Confine:
Confined your remarks to the subject of the meeting.
He is confined to be by illness.
Just as...So
Just as French people enjoy their wine,so the British people enjoy their beer.
As soul is to a body,so is love/so love is to a home.
Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
Reading is to the mind what/as food is to the body.
Para6:learning means keeping the mind open and active to receive all kinds of experiences.
双重否定：
Nobody does not know we are here.
You can’t make egg rolls without breaking eggs.
He will not do it for nothing.他不会无缘无故做这件事的
Para7-9:learning means to practice,or at least to appreciate an art.
Para10:two different pleasures you get from reading books(the pleasure of apprehending the unexpected(领悟意想不到的事物的快乐);the pleasure of deepening one’s knowledge of a special field加深对某一特殊领域的认识的乐趣) Para11-12:learning extends our lives into new dimensions./With the poem of Ptolemy the writer shows that learning extends life.
Poem：He find immense joy and pleasure in watching the great many swirling stars. His joy is such that he feels as if he had left the earth and had been invited to dinner with God in the heaven and enjoy the food of gods and goddess.
Although he is mortal,short-lived,the pleasure he gets from watching the stars is ever-lasting.
12：Learning makes us live longer and better in the sense that it adds new meaning to our life.
The more we learn,the more we know,our knowledge is increasing and deepening. We lose our health and strength as we get older,but our knowledge is always increasing.
Para13-15:it is necessary and important to make one into a whole and harmonious personality,which is to be achieved by one’s own efforts.
Para13:The writer suggests we should integrate our thought and make it harmonious.
To go beyond the superficial fragmentary and departmentalized knowledge and grasp or absorb the universal laws of nature which show the world as a harmonious and connected whole.
Para14:It’s necessary to attain whole and harmonious personalities.
Para15:Unlike body,mind will continue to live.
Para16-17:the chief danger confronting us is not age,but laziness,sloth,routine and stupidity which prevents us from learning.
Para16:It’s laziness,sloth,routine,stupidity that prevent people from learning. Para17:The writer got a conclusion that the true name of learning is happiness. Preserve:收藏，保存，强调“使......完好无损，质量不变”；“保养”Conserve:小心明智地使用某一有价值的东西，不可代替，不可再生的东西Reserve:保存下来留作他用（保留意见，权利，款项）；“预订”
useful phrases:
1.Set up:to establish or arrange(an organization,business,plan,etc.)建立，设立，创办（组织、企业）；制定计划等
2.Bring up:to educate and care for(a child)until grown-up.养育，教育孩子
3.Take up:to begin to spend time doing;interest oneself in.开始花时间从事（某项活动）；对…产生兴趣
4.Impel to:(esp.of an idea,feeling,etc)to drive(someone)to take action驱使某人做…，促使，推动
5.Depend on:to be supposed by,esp.with money;need for one’s support依赖，依靠Famous sayings about learning:
Never too late to learn.
The brighter you are,the more you know you have to learn.
By reading we enrich the mind,by conversation we polish it.读书使人充实，交谈使人精明
One discovers his ignorance only through learning.
Fools learns nothing from wise men,but wise men learn much from fools.
愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问
Learning without thought useless;thought without learning is dangerous.
Learning without thinking leads to confusion;thinking without learning ends in danger.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆
Argumentation
This is an essay of argumentation,which begins by pointing out a misconception
about learning and the ways of learning,and then argues that learning is a kind of pleasure and life-long endeavor.Gilbert Highet uses convincing examples to illustrate his points and organizes his arguments one after another so that readers will understand his points and find learning a necessary,pleasant and rewarding part of his or her life.
About argumentation
To argue means to provide reasons for or against something,especially clearly and in proper order.
When you are for or against something and intend to make your view understood and accepted,you write argumentative.A piece of argumentative written work expresses the writer’s own idea on a subject instead of merely assembling facts. Purpose:
Argumentative essay tries to make the reader to agree with its point of view and support it,to persuade him to change his mind or behavior and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes.
Methods:exemplification例证法；deductive method推理法；inductive method归纳法
Cause and effect因果；analogy类比/推；comparison and contrast对照和对比；Quotation引证；subjective假设法。