2018年高考英语一轮复习专题3.4Astronmythescienceofthestars(练)(含解析)

Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
Ⅰ.词义辨析
1．______ began our new lesson.
A. But
B. Such
C. Thus
D. So that
2．See the model ship ____in the pool? That’s what my father made for me last weekend.
A. float
B. floating
C. floated
D. to float
3．The new method he suggested sounded good in_______,but is not practical in use.
A. opinion
B. policy
C. theory
D. principle
4．We should try our best to __________those people after the disaster.
A. break out
B. cheer up
C. break up
D. cheer on
5．On the ground on some hay, ___ a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
A, lie B. lying C. lay D. laid
6．Do ______ the cars on your way to school.
A. watch out
B. watch out for
C. watch
D. watch for
7．Phillip, can you see something red _____ in the distance on the water?
A. Floated
B. float
C. being float
D. floating
8．Use an umbrella to _____ you from the rain.
A. stop
B. prevent
C. keep
D. protect
9．The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.
A. climate
B. weather
C. state
D. occasion 10．Thinking that the students were having an evening class, the teacher left the classroom, _____.
A. slowly and gentle
B. slowly and gently
C. slow and gentle
D. slow and gently
【答案】CBCBC BDBAB
Ⅱ. 动词时态和语态专练
1．—How is your sister?
—She ________ (feel)quite good after the operation，but she is taking a turn for
the worse today.
2．—What’s the result of the basketball match?
—You see，the rain ________ (ruin)it and the second half is put off till next PE class.
3．—Hi，Peter.Why didn’t you go to the cinema last night?
—I ________ (watch)the popular show Dad，where are we going？with my family. 4．—Have you brought the photo of your family?
—Yes，I ________ (look for)it the whole morning.
5．—Does your brother serve in the army?
—No，not now.But he ________ (serve)in the army for 8 years.
6．This glass ________ (break)easily，so please put a “Handle with Care” sticker on the box before you mail it.
7．The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder，indicating that it’s high time we ________ (reflect)on ourselves.
8．I first read the fashion magazine over a decade ago and ________ (subscribe)to it since.
9．Reminded that her family would move out of the familiar neighborhood，the little girl ________ (shake)from head to toe the whole night.
10．A recent research shows that there ________ (be)volcanic activities on the moon and Mars.However，they no longer exist now.
3．was watching [考查时态。

句意：——你好，皮特。

为什么你昨晚没去电影院？——我和我的家人一直在看热播剧《爸爸去哪儿》。

表示过去一个时间段一直正在进行的动作或状态用过去进行时。

]
4．looked for [考查时态和语态。

句意：——你带来你的家庭照了吗？——是的，我找了
一个早上。

分析句子。

已经带来了家庭照。

故一个早上寻找家庭照只是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。

]
5．served [考查时态。

句意：——你哥哥在部队服役吗？——不，现在不了。

但他在部队服役8年。

]
6．breaks [考查动词的时态和语态。

句意：玻璃易碎，因此在邮寄前请在箱子上贴上“小心轻放”的标签。

英语中的某些及物动词一旦被副词修饰，则可用主动形式表示被动含义，如sell，read等。

break也一样，空后有easily修饰，“玻璃易碎”又是客观事实，应用一般现在时。

]
7．reflected [考查动词的时态。

句意：全国范围的雾霾充当了不断地提醒者，暗示着是我们该反省我们自己的时候了。

It is time＋主语＋过去时，意为“是……的时候了”。

] 8．have subscribed [考查动词的时态。

句意：我10多年前第一次读时装杂志，并从此以后一直订阅该杂志。

根据题干中的since判断用现在完成时。

]
9．was shaking [考查时态。

句意：有人提醒她，她的家人将搬出熟悉的社区，小女孩整个晚上一直全身发抖。

根据时间状语the whole night判断用过去进行时。

]
10．were [考查时态。

第一句句意：最近的研究表明在月球和火星上曾经有火山运动。

根据下文的However，they no longer exist now.可知，现在它们不再存在了，故可以判断是曾经存在，故使用一般过去时。

]
III.短语填空
1．Firemen said the fire was under control, but they warned that the change in the weather might ______ new fires.
2．--- _______ for the glass.
---It’s OK .I ‘m wearing shoes
3．_____Tom has no interest in piano, there is no point pushing him to learn it．4．Try and__________ a bit; life isn’t that bad!
5．Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _____ increase the risk of heart disease.
6. We hope that she will _____soon.
7．Trains stop here in order to _____ passengers only.
8．—May I use your computer?
—Sure, _____________
9．Reading in the sun ________to your eyes.
10．That wall________ all the light.
IV.完成句子
1．He_____________ (放好桌子)and went out ．(lie)
laid the table
2．We must do what we can to ______________________ (防止河流污染)．(prevent) prevent the river from being polluted
3． _____________________ , you might as well make full use of it.(既然你有好机会)．(now that)
Now that you have a good chance
V.模仿造句
1．What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
[翻译]造成这次意外的是的他过于粗心。

______________________________________________________
What caused the accident is that he was too careless.
3．They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
[翻译]他没能通过考试，这让我们非常惊讶。

______________________________________________
He didn’t pass the exam, which made us surprised.
4．But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
[翻译]日本生产的汽车是中国生产的汽车的两倍。

_____________________________________________________
The number of cars made in Japan is twice as large as that of those made in Chinese. 5．That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 那
[翻译]他的帮助让我们的成功有了可能。

_______________________________________________
His help made it possible for us to succeed.
VI．语法填空（共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）【山东师范大学附属中学2017届高三上学期第一次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Dr．Barone has helped many kids smile who were born with defects(缺陷)，including me．She did my first operations when I was a baby，which were the most important and 1 (effect)．
I don’t remember the first two operations very well．but I do recall 2 third．Dr．Barone was kind and eased me into the process．She let me choose my sleep medicine， 3 (make)sure that I was okay．I recently saw a picture of me before my operation，and I know 4 a big job she did．
Dr．Barone 5 (operate)on people with all types of birth defects．She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them 6 free．
Many people benefit from her new ways 7 (invent)to fix birth defects of the head and face．She has won many awards．A few of the most recent 8 (be)Best Doctors in America 2013-2014，America’s Top Plastic Surgery，and many others．
Dr．Barone was my doctor when I was a kid，and even though I was 9 (probable) just another patient to her，to me she was 10 (much)than just my doctor．She was and is my hero，and she gave me back my smile．
4.what 句意：我知道我做了一项多么大的工作。

根据句意可知用what引导宾语从句。

5.operates 句意：Dr．Barone对所有类型的出生缺陷的人动手术。

根据句意可知用一般
现在时态，主语是单数第三人称，故填operates。

6.for 固定词组：for free免费。

故填for。

7.invented 此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填invented。

8.are 根据句子主语A few of the most recent可知此处填are。

9.probably 副词修饰整个句子，故填probably。

10.more 根据后面的than可知此处用比较级，故填more。

VII．完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空
白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

【河北省衡水中学2017届高三上学期小二调考试】
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we _ 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4_ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. _ 5 _ modern manufacturing (制
造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and _ 6 _.
Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for _ 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 _ buying
new things. Advertisements persuade us that _ 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we _ 14 _ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the _ 15 _ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the _17__, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. _ 18 , this is not enough to solve our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about _ 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1.A. key B. reason C. project D. problem
2.A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products
3.A. face B. become C. observe D. change
4.A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw
5.A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of
6.A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful
7.A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division
8.A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy
9.A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends
10.A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve
11A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes
12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for .
13.A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger
14.A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away
15.A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences
16.A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
17.A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands
18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
19.A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of
20.A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D.
advertising
1.D考查名词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A答案；B原因；C项目；D问题。

根据…people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before…人们扔更多的垃圾可知，这是世界上很多国家有的问题，故选D。

2. B考查名词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债；D. products 产品。

根据句意可知，因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山，故选B。

3.B考查动词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. face面对；B. become变得；C. observe观察；D. change改变。

句意：我们怎么成了一个乱扔的社会了呢？根据句意可知选B。

4.C考查动词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. hide隐藏；B. control控制；C. replace取代；
D. withdraw撤回。

句意：与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更容易更换物品，故选C。

5.A考查副词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. Thanks to多亏；B. As to至于；C. Except for
除了；D. Regardless of不管。

句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多，根据句意故选A。

6.C考查形容词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽的；C. cheap便宜的；D. powerful强有力的。

根据根据上句的 quickly and inexpensively对应这里的plentiful and cheap，故选C。

7.A考查名词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. love爱；B. lack缺少；C. prevention阻止；D. division划分。

根据句意可知，另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱，故选A。

8.D考查形容词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind善良的；C. brave
勇敢的； D. busy繁忙的。

根据“we are always looking for…”可知，人们总是在节省时间，说明人们很忙碌，故选D。

9. A考查名词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends 朋友；a way to do sth做某事的方法，是固定搭配，故选A。

10.C考查动词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保存；根据句意可知，企业生产大量的一次性产品，故选C。

11.D考查动词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. adapts适应；B. returns返回；C. responds回应；D. contributes贡献，导致；根据句意可知，人们对新产品的欲望促成了这一问题，故选D。

12.B考查短语辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. tired of厌烦，疲惫；B. addicted to上瘾；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for感到羞愧；根据“appetite”可知，人们痴迷于购买新产品，故选B。

13.A考查形容词比较级以及对语境的理解。

根据句意可知，广告使人们相信新的更好，故选A。

14. D考查动词短语辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. pick up捡起，学会，好转，接某人；B. pay for 支付；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，不卖；D. throw away扔掉；根据句意可知，人们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方，故选D。

15.D考查名词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. advantages优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions 功能； D. consequences后果，结果；根据下句可知，这里指的是乱扔垃圾的后果，故选D。

16.C考查动词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. show展示； B. record记录；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量；根据句意可知，越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾，故选C。

17.B考查名词辨析以及对语境的理解。

A. technology科技；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者； D. brands商标，品牌；根据语境可知，要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境，故选B。

18.A考查副词辨析以及对语境的理解。

然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的，故选A。

考点：考察故事类完型填空
VIII．基础写作
【广东省佛山市第一中学2017届高三上学期第一次月考】假定你是李华，正在一所英国学
校学习暑期课程，遇到一些困难，希望得到学校辅导中心(Learning Center) 的帮助。

根据学校规定，你需书面预约，请按下列要点写一封信：
1. 本人简介；
2. 求助内容；
3. 约定时间；
4. 你的联系方式（Email: lihua1236. com; Phone: 12345678）。

注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir or Madam,
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in your university.
Everything is going well. I enjoy all the courses here but one offered by Professor Martin Bygate. I have difficulty understanding him in class. He has a very strong accent, which makes it hard for me to follow him in class. I feel worried about this.
I was told that I can go to the Learning Center for help. I’m wonderin g if I could come on Wednesday and Friday afternoon. I have no classes at both times and can manage to come for help and suggestions. Please let me know which time is OK with you either via or 12345678.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【亮点说明】本文是一篇书信，语言简洁，条理清晰，结构严谨，布局合理，采用惯用的三段式，句中使用高级句子。

I’m Li Hua, a Chinese student taking summer courses in yo ur university. 现在分词作后置定语；He has a very strong accent, which makes it hard for me to follow him in class.非限制性定语从句用于句中；I was told that I can go to the Learning Center for help.被动语态和宾语从句的结合；Please let me know which time is OK with you either via or 12345678.祈使句和宾语从句在同句出现。

考点：考查书信式话题作文
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