Anki 1

[基本概念]Anki是什么,它能做什么?
Anki是一个按照“艾宾浩斯曲线”理论编制的记忆复习软件，提供问答模式良好环境，可以背单词、背知识点以及复习相关材料使用。

优点：
1、结合了遗忘规律，能够智能化的为你安排复习回忆时间；
2、随时可以复习，充分利用一些琐碎的时间；
3、本身有很多开放的词库，对于学习英语、日语、韩语等语言的学生来说是非常好用的辅助软件。

Anki 是跨平台的自由软件系统，Anti提供了Windows, Linux, Mac, Android, iPhone, 及网络版，几乎包含了全部的流程操作系统版本。

Anki 还具有免费的网络同步功能，只要注册一个账号即可在任意系统间进行同步你的学习内容，避免你进行重复学习的工作。

非常节省时间。

Anki到底能做什么呢？
Anki是一款科学高效的记忆软件，它根据遗忘曲线来安排每日的学习进度和复习计划。

Anki目前应用广泛，特别在发达国家普及率很高。

常常可以用于以下学科：
语言类，可以用Anki学习各种语言。

地理类，比如首都，地理位置，省会，州府等等；
音乐类，主要是乐理知识；其中一个好玩的是，在第一个相应卡片Classical Music Themes里，让你听一段音频，然后猜测是哪个古典音乐作曲家作品；
医学类，比如解剖学，循环系统，肌肉组织等等；病理学...
生物类，比如鸟类的分门别类；
化学类，比如元素周期表；
还有数学，物理，法律等等。

不过这些并不是强项，Anki 的强项在于：你可以让你自己制作记忆库（非常方便），也能从Anki 官方或一些论坛下载记忆库。

新添卡片时可载入音标、图片、视频。

能随意设置卡片背景、字体。

任何需要记忆的东西，比如单词、考试、人名甚至吉他键……都可以放进Anki 里帮助记忆。

[基本概念] 卡片的难度划分
生疏/错误困难/模糊犹豫/想起顺利/正确
1、生疏/错误：这个是级别简单得说就是你一看到就知道自己没见过或者见过也忘了。

2、困难/模糊：这个是级别简单得说就是你用力想能记起来一点，但不完全。

3、犹豫/想起：这个是级别简单得说就是你仔细想，还是能够回忆出来。

4、顺利/正确：这个是级别简单得说就是没什么难度，基本熟悉了。

5、轻松/容易：这个是级别简单得说就是条件反射、一看便知。

在学习时Anki有一个按钮，如果记忆对象实在太简单了，你可以点击排除按钮将卡片排除在今后复习之外（你如果忍无可忍还可以删除该条）。

实际上第5个级别只在学习新卡片时出现，所以常用的级别就是1-4。

生疏/错误选项，Anki认为是学习失败，失败的这张卡片在接下来几分钟或本次学习的末尾还会出现，失败次数达到某个值会变为记忆难点（决定于你的设置）。

[基本概念]创建筛选记忆库（智能牌组）的相关解释
Q：如何创建？
A：主界面，工具→创建筛选的记忆库
搜索
deck:“你想要的牌组”
限制
该牌组卡片上限
卡片选择命令
Order
The "cards selected by" option controls the order that cards will appear in. If the maximum number of cards you select is lower than the number of cards that match the filter criteria, Anki will exclude the cards at the end of this sorted list first.
Oldest seen first
Display ca rds that you haven’t seen in reviews for the longest time first.
Random
Randomize the order of all cards that match the filter criteria (use no set order).
Increasing intervals
Display cards that have the smallest interval first.
Decreasing intervals
Display cards that have the largest interval first.
Most lapses
Display cards that you have failed the most times first.
Order added
Display cards that you added first (have the earliest creation date) first.
Order due
Display cards with the earliest due date first.
Latest added first
Display cards that you’ve most recently added to the deck first. (This is the opposite of Order added.)
Relative overdueness
Display cards that are most overdue in relation to their current interval first (for instance, a card with a current interval of 5 days overdue by 2 days displays before a card with a current interval of 5 years overdue by a week). This is useful if you have a large backlog that may take some time to get through and want to review the c ards you’re most in danger of forgetting first.
[基本概念]毕业间隔简单间隔开始简化简单奖励
牌组右方齿轮状有黑小三角即可点开这个设置
毕业间隔是指当你回答Good时候，这张卡再次出现的延时时间.
Graduating interval is the delay between answering Good on a card with no steps left, and seeing the card again.
简单间隔是当你回答是Easy时候，这张卡再次出现的延迟时间.
Easy interval is the delay between answering easy on a learning card and seeing it in review mode for the first time.
开始简化(Starting ease )
它控制着延迟时间因子。

它通常在卡第一次出现时设置，如果第一次出现时，你的答案是good，正常延迟是1天，如果这个时间因子是250%，则下次再回答good，延迟时间将是第一次延迟的2.5倍。

如果最后一次延迟是1天，则当前延迟就是2.5天，如果上次延迟是10天，则下次延迟就是25天。

Starting ease controls the easiness that cards start out with. It is set when a card graduates from learning for the first time. It default s to 250%, meaning that once you’ve finished learning
a card, answering "Good" on subsequent reviews will increase the delay by approximately
2.5x (eg if the last delay was 10 days, the next delay would be 25 days). Based upon how you rate the card in subsequent reviews, the easiness may increase or decrease from what it starts out as.
Turning off bury related… will prevent Anki from burying siblings, and instead Anki will just try to avoid showing siblings directly after one another in the same session. For this to work, your new cards/day setting needs to be large enough for the cards of multiple notes to be included.
简单奖励
答EASY 或GOOD的时候，下次卡片，例如130%，就会乘以1.3之后再出现。

百分比越高，
卡片下次出现越晚——取决于你一开始简单间隔设定为几天
Easy bonus allows you to set the difference in intervals between answering Good and Easy on a card. For instance, with the default value of 130%, Easy will give an interval that is 1.3 times the Good interval.
间隔修饰符
简单说就是调整卡片之后出现频率，越低下次出现时间越快
Interval modifier allows you to apply a multiplication factor to the intervals Anki generates. At its default of 100% it does nothing; if you set it to 80% for example, intervals will be generated at 80% of their normal size (so a 10 day interval would become 8 days). You can thus use the multiplier to make Anki present cards more or less frequently than it would otherwise, trading study time for retention or vice versa.
For moderately difficult material, the average user should find they remember approximately 90% of mature cards that come up for review. You can find out your own performance by opening the graphs/statistics for a deck and looking at the Answer Buttons graph - mature retention is the correct% on the right side of the graph. If you haven’t been studying long you may not have any mature cards yet. As performance with new cards and younger cards can vary considerably, it’s a good idea to wait until you have a reasonable amount of mature reviews before you start drawing conclusions about your retention rate.
On the SuperMemo website, they suggest that you can find an appropriate multiplier for a desired retention rate. Their formula boils down to:
间隔修饰符公式
log(desired retention%) / log(current retention%)
Imagine we have a current retention rate of 85% and we want to increase it to 90%. We’d calculate the modifier as:
log(90%) / log(85%) = 0.65
You can use Google to calculate it for you.
[基本概念]搁置相关新卡片到隔日
1条笔记自动生成卡片1、2、3、搁置的话当你学完这条笔记的卡片1后，2和3就被搁置到明天再学习了也可以点击“取消隐藏”把搁置的显示出来
CLOZE 1234也是如此
[基本概念]Note 与Card
Note 是Fields 的集合
Card 由Note 生成，一条Note 可以生成多个Cards，由同一条Note 生成的Cards 互为Siblings
[概念][高级]Anki的搜索命令
感觉没用的，说明尚未有这方面需求，不建议看。

Searching
Above the card list is a search box. You can type in various things there to search for cards. (If you’d rather select what you’re looking for in a list, please take a look at the sidebar section above.)
Simple searches
When you type some text into the search box, Anki finds matching notes and displays their
cards. Anki searches in all fields of the notes, but does not search for tags (see later in this section for how to search for tags). Some examples:
dog
search for "dog" - will match words like "doggy" and "underdog" too
dog cat
finds notes with both "dog" and "cat", such as "a dog and cat"
dog or cat
finds notes with either "dog" or "cat"
dog (cat or mouse)
finds notes with dog and cat, or dog and mouse
-cat
finds notes without the word "cat".
-cat -mouse
finds notes with neither "cat" nor "mouse".
-(cat or mouse)
same as the above.
"a dog"
finds notes with the exact phrase "a dog" on them
-"a dog"
finds notes without the exact phrase "a dog"
d_g
finds notes with d, <a letter>, g, like dog, dig, dug, and so on.
d*g
finds notes with d, <zero or more letters>, g, like dg, dog, dung, etc.
Things to note from the above:
Search terms are separated by spaces.
When multiple search terms are provided, Anki looks for notes that match all of the terms.
You can use "or" if you only need one of the terms to match.
You can prepend a minus sign to a term to find notes that don’t match.
If you want to search for something including a space or parenthesis, enclose it in quotes.
You can group search terms by placing them in parentheses, as in the dog (cat or mouse) example. This becomes important when combining OR and AND searches—in the example, with the parentheses, it matches either dog cat or dog mouse, whereas without them it would match either dog and cat or mouse.
Anki is only able to search within formatting in the sort field you’ve configured. For example, if you add "example" to one of your fields, this will not be matched when searching for "example" unless that field is the sort field. If a word is not formatted, or the formatting does not change in the middle of the word, then Anki will be able to find it in any field.
Limiting to a field
You can also ask Anki to match only if a particular field contains some text. Unlike the searches above, searching on fields requires an exact match by default.
front:dog
find notes with a Front field of exactly "dog". A field that says "a dog" will not match.
front:*dog*
find notes with Front field containing dog somewhere
front:
find notes that have an empty Front field
front:_*
find notes that have a non-empty Front field
front:*
find notes that have a Front field, empty or not
Tags, decks, cards and notes
tag:animal
find notes with the tag "animal"
tag:none
find notes with no tags
tag:ani*
find notes with tags starting with ani
deck:french
find cards in a French deck, or subdecks like French::Vocab
deck:french -deck:french::*
find cards in French, but not subdecks
deck:"french vocab"
searching when a deck has a space
"deck:french vocab"
also ok
deck:filtered
filtered decks only
-deck:filtered
normal decks only
card:forward
search for Forward cards
card:1
search for cards by template number - eg, to find the second cloze deletion for a note, you’d use card:2
note:basic
search for cards with a Basic note type
Card types
is:due
review cards and learning cards waiting to be studied
is:new
new cards
is:learn
cards in learning
is:review
reviews (both due and not due) and lapsed cards
is:suspended
cards that have been manually suspended
is:buried
cards that have been buried, either siblings or manually
Cards that have lapsed fall into several of these categories, so it may be useful to combine them to get more precise results:
is:learn is:review
cards that have lapsed and are awaiting relearning
-is:learn is:review
review cards, not including lapsed cards
is:learn -is:review
cards that are in learning for the first time
Card properties
prop:ivl>=10
cards with interval of 10 days or more
prop:due=1
cards due tomorrow
prop:due=-1
cards due yesterday that haven’t been answered yet
prop:due>-1 prop:due<1
cards due between yesterday and tomorrow
prop:reps<10
cards that have been answered less than 10 times
prop:lapses>3
cards that have moved into relearning more than 3 times
prop:ease!=2.5
cards easier or harder than default
Note that due only matches review cards and learning cards with an interval of a day or more: cards in learning with small intervals like 10 minutes are not included.
Recently added
added:1
cards added today
added:7
cards added in last week
The check is made against card creation time rather than note creation time, so cards that were generated within the time frame will be included even if their notes were added a long time ago.
Recently answered
rated:1
cards answered today
rated:1:2
cards answered Hard (2) today
rated:7:1
cards answered Again (1) over the last 7 days
rated:31:4
cards answered Easy (4) in the last month
For speed, rating searches are limited to 31 days.
Object IDs
nid:123
all cards of the note with note id 123
cid:123
the card with card id 123
mid:123
find note types with note type id 123
Note and card IDs can be found in the card info dialog in the browser. Note type IDs can be found by clicking on a note type in the Browse screen. These searches may also be helpful when doing add-on development or otherwise working closely with the database.
[常见问题] 如何删除标签＆空标签空图片空音频？
选中卡片，然后点remove tags ，选择想删除的标签
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
空标签=只有标签，没有卡片
空音频图片=卡片已经删除，但是图片音频等仍然存在情况
PC端主界面工具→检查数据库
点击就可以删除空标签，空图片及空音频等
注：删除后发现在添加栏还标签还存在的话，在确定目标卡片标签删除干净后，重启一次ANKI [常见问题]如何发音之AwesomeTTS插件使用
有这么几种方法,但是个人认为最简单，最快捷最方便的还是AwesomeTTS，初学者用这个非常容易上手
1AwesomeTTS插件发音
2语音库发音
3AudioDownloader 或AnkiSoundM
4手工下载插入卡片发音
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
根据插件中选择网站不同，可以选择发音的语言也有所不同。

----------------------------------插入单张卡片音频教程-------------------------------------------
输入代码：301952613（点击浏览可去Anki官方网站看更多插件，需一定英文水平）
重启ANKI
快捷键Ctrl+T 可在编辑卡片时候唤出插件
左边是语音设置，上方语音来源，下方语音选项
(英音美音日语都可）
---------------------------------多音频对应多卡片教程---------------------------------------------------------- 点浏览，进入ANKI浏览器，选中卡牌，按Ctrl+T进入插件设置界面
或
点浏览，进入浏览器，选中卡牌，按上方状态栏的AwesomeTTS进入插件设置界面
左边是语音设置，上方语音来源，下方语音选项。

右边Source Field是TTS判定发音的字段。

Destination Field是你想把发音放到哪个字段上。

点击generate即可
[常见问题]分享牌组给他人＆同步过慢或离线如何同步？
左上方文件，点导出
导出格式-选择Anki记忆库包（共享给别人，装有ANKI时点击安装即可使用）
包含-选择想要导出的记忆库
包含学习进度=导出时附带你学习卡片的情况。

不选择等于所有卡片都是新卡片
包含媒体文件=附带图片音频等。

不选择则卡片相应音频图片不包含其中
------------------------------------同步过慢或离线如何同步？------------------------------------------------ 1按上方所说，以PC端导出→AnkiDroid为例
导出时候选择包含学习进度+媒体文件，复制记忆库包到手机上，选择导入即可
由此延伸而来的，可以将PC端记忆库导出，上传到云存储软件如百度云onedrive等，而后从手机下载后导入。

手机端也可如此操作
2VPN同步，因为ANKI是国外软件。

3多同步几次,或换个地方的网络
[常见问题]Anki如何批量导入or新建卡片？
以英语单词为例。

其他类型，基本方法都是一致、
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
假设我们想要一张卡片有单词+音标+ 例句+释义这四个项目（ANKI里面叫做四个字段）。

那么我们首先需要在EXCEL建立四列，分别对应单词音标例句释义。

然后直接复制到TXT，选择UTF8格式保存。

（一定要UTF8格式，别搞错了）
导入之前，ANKI还需要做些调整。

没有经过更改的ANKI基本卡片是这种类型——只有正反面。

接着我们点击区域（区域按钮在上方图片当中↑↑↑↑），你会看到这张图↓
为了便于理解，我把正面背面重命名为单词音标。

但是我们想要一张卡片有单词+音标+例句+释义这四个项目，还差两个。

点击右边的添加（看上面的图↑）这个时候再添加两个，命名为例句+释义，你会看到这样的情况，这距离我们完成批量已经很近了。

如果心急的朋友在玩成上方步骤直接选择导入，你仍然只有两个字段会出现，这是因为你没有做下面的操作。

点击右边的卡片按钮（区域的旁边）
你会看到这个情况。

有三部分——正面模板样式（不用理会）反面模板按照流程走的朋友们会看到正面模版有{{单词}}
背面模版会见到有这些
{{FrontSide}} =正面模版所展现的
<hr id=answer> =分割线
{{音标}}
我们在背面模版添加两个{{例句}} {{释义}}
（不喜欢排列如此紧密就，添加<br>）
然后ANKI选择导入
按照流程走
最终显现就是我们想要的单词+音标+例句+释义卡片了。

更多的字段就自行按照上述方法添加
[常见问题]如何更改PC端的语言设置？
第一种办法：卸载重装
第二种办法
将ANKI同步或备份好之后关掉（以避免数据丢失等悲剧）
进入C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Anki文件夹，删除prefs.db文件。

重新打开ANKI会询问使用哪种语言，选你要用的。

登陆账号同步即可
[常见问题]关于导入文件时字段不匹配的问题
错误情况
如图，只添加了十四卡片。

情况描述：
“导入信息”=>
导入成功。

'藍あい名蓝色' 行有4 个字段, 预期5
'愛顧あいこ名，サ変爱顾、惠顾' 行有4 个字段, 预期5
...
...
'腕力わんりょく名腕力、臂力；体力；暴力、动武' 行有4 个字段, 预期5
添加了14条笔记, 更新了0条笔记, 0 notes unchanged.
添加第一字段ああ
添加第一字段愛
...
...
————————————————————————————————
导入的是txt文件，只有部分行正常导入。

导入文件的时候，其实是以第一行为标准的。

在我产生错误的这个txt文件里面，最前几个特别是第一个是类似这样的：
"XXX \t XXX \t XXX \t XXX \t" \t表示制表符。

然后机器就识别为5个字段，即它默认以下几行都是这样的。

但是其他的基本都是没有最后的一个制表符，机器就不匹配，显示出这行有 4 个字段, 预期 5 ，导致没导入，最后只有14条笔记。

[模版]type类型模版
手残的同学直接照着复制就行了
----------------------------正面模版，直接复制↓↓↓↓下方模版到相应模版即可-------------------- {{正面}}
<br>
{{type:背面}}
------------------------------------反面模版直接复制↓↓↓↓下方模版到相应模版即可{{FrontSide}}
<hr id=answer>
-----------------------------------
<br>等于换行
<hr id=answer>等于分隔线
[模板][高级]卡片question 与answer 之间的state persistence
如果你看不懂标题，不要往下看。

希望制作高级卡片模板的人肯定希望能把question里边的输入存储起来留到answer里边进一步利用，但官方手册并没有给出js object persistence 的方法。

经过我仔细研究，在所有平台上都实现了js object 在question 与answer 之间的传递，记录下来，给以后的模板作者做一点点小小的参考吧。

Desktop：Desktop 有两个变量是全局的py 和window，其中py 是在DOM 完全载入后才被注入到全局空间的，所以必须包裹在window.setTimeout(function(){}, 0) 之类的东西里边用。

注意py 是Desktop 特有的。

注意py 和window 是跨卡片全局的，用完记得清楚状态。

iOS：iOS window 是全局的，同样注意用完之后清除状态。

Android：Android 非常奇葩，question 和answer 是两个window，所以window 不能用。

但是开发者实现了document.cookie 可以用JSON.stringify 和JSON.parse 来传递状态。

贴一个Android, iOS & Windows 三平台的实现
#front
<ul id = "front"></ul>
<div id = "question" style=display:none>{{Front}}</div>
<div id = "answer" style=display:none>{{Back}}</div>
<script>
function shuffle(array) {
var currentIndex = array.length, temporaryValue, randomIndex ;
while (0 !== currentIndex) {
randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * currentIndex);
currentIndex -= 1;
temporaryValue = array[currentIndex];
array[currentIndex] = array[randomIndex];
array[randomIndex] = temporaryValue;
}
return array;
}
function onClick(ev) {
var choice = ev.target.nextSibling.innerHTML;
if (ev.target.checked) {
erAnswer.push(choice);
}
else {
var index = erAnswer.indexOf(choice);
erAnswer.splice(index, 1);
}
document.cookie = JSON.stringify(window.tmp);
}
var question = document.getElementById("question").innerHTML.toString(); var answer = document.getElementById("answer").innerHTML.toString(); var questions = question.trim().split("~");
shuffle(questions);
var answers = answer.trim().split("~");
var userAnswer = [];
window.tmp = {}
if (window.tmp.persisted == undefined) {
window.tmp.persisted = true;
window.tmp.questions = questions;
window.tmp.answers = answers;
erAnswer = userAnswer;
}
var ulist = document.getElementById("front");
for (var i = 0; i < window.tmp.questions.length; ++i) {
var list = document.createElement("li");
var label = document.createElement("label");
var input = document.createElement("input");
input.type = "checkbox";
input.addEventListener("click", onClick);
label.innerHTML = window.tmp.questions[i];
list.appendChild(input);
list.appendChild(label);
ulist.appendChild(list);
}
document.cookie = JSON.stringify(window.tmp);
</script>
#style
.card {
font-family: arial;
font-size: 20px;
text-align: center;
color: black;
background-color: white;
}
li {
text-align: left;
list-style: none;
margin: 10px;
}
li input {
margin-left: -20px;
}
.failed {
background-color: #f2dede;
}
.success {
background-color: #dff0d8;
}
label {
padding-left:26px;
width:90%;
text-transform: uppercase;
display:inline-block
}
#back
<ul id = "back"></ul>
<script>
if (window.tmp != undefined) {
tmp = window.tmp
}
else {
tmp = JSON.parse(document.cookie.split(";")[0]); }
var ulist = document.getElementById("back");
for (var i = 0; i < tmp.questions.length; ++i) {
var list = document.createElement("li");
var label = document.createElement("label");
var input = document.createElement("input");
input.type = "checkbox";
input.disabled = true;
label.innerHTML = tmp.questions[i];
list.appendChild(input);
list.appendChild(label);
ulist.appendChild(list);
}
if (erAnswer.length > 0) {
var inputs = document.getElementsByTagName("input"); for (var i = 0; i < inputs.length; ++i) {
var content = inputs[i].nextSibling.innerHTML;
if (erAnswer.indexOf(content) != -1) {
inputs[i].checked = true;
if (tmp.answers.indexOf(content) != -1) {
inputs[i].nextSibling.setAttribute("class", "success");
}
else {
inputs[i].nextSibling.setAttribute("class", "failed");
}
}
else {
if (tmp.answers.indexOf(content) != -1) {
inputs[i].nextSibling.setAttribute("class", "failed");
}
else {
inputs[i].nextSibling.setAttribute("class", "success");
}
}
}
}
</script>。