【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)含解析

【英语】高二英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Boomerang children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found.
The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing.
The young adults taking part in the study were "more positive than might have been expected about moving back home—the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found.
Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.
The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a "family project". Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder. "However", the study says, "day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates".
Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close.
（1）What is the finding of the previous research?
A. Boomerang children made their parents happier.
B. The parents were looking forward to their children's return.
C. The parents' quality of life became worse than before.
D. Boomerang children never did any housework.
（2）The underlined word "trigger" in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by ________. A. cause B. defeat C. arise D. allow
（3）What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home?
A. They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help.
B. They are glad that they could come back.
C. They are doubtful about whether they should return.
D. They are proud to be independent from the family.
（4）What can be inferred as the reason for the "boomerang children" phenomenon?
A. The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents.
B. The parents are willing to provide support to their children.
C. It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job.
D. There is more house work needed to be done by the children.
（5）What is the side effect of the boomerang children phenomenon?
A. Both parents and children enjoy a more harmonious relationship.
B. Neither parents nor children want to do the chores at home.
C. Not only parents but also children want to be independent.
D. There are occasional quarrels between parents and children.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究发现，“回巢族”子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。

而这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果相矛盾，该研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

父母和孩子对于独立的紧张情绪会导致父母和子女之间偶尔的争吵。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing.”这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果不一致，早些的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化。

可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感比之前更差，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the r esearch published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing. ”通过新旧研究对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

即可推理划线部分单词trigger意为“导致，致使”，与cause意义一致。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The young adults taking part in the study were‘more positive than might have been expected’about moving back home – the shame is reduced as so many of their friends are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financi al and emotional support.”参与这项研究的年轻人对于搬回家“比预期的更积极”——他们的羞愧感减少了，因为他们的许多朋友都处于同样的处境，而且他们承认父母
在经济和情感上的支持是有好处的。

）可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的，很高兴能够回家，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.”但他们承认，如今的毕业生情况有所不同，他们毕业时背负着巨额债务，工作机会也更少。

由此推断出，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作，故选C。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"‘However’, the study says, ‘day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict”可知对于实现不同层面独立前景的日常紧张情绪，是大多数家长和略多于一半毕业生经历的特征。

在少数极端情况下，这种紧张情绪接近冲突。

可知回巢族孩子现象的副作用是在少数情况下，紧张情绪会导致父母和孩子之间偶尔发生争吵。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解
A study found wireless signals are able to pass through bags and suitcases to judge the sizes of dangerous metal objects and identify them." These items could include weapons, chemicals, laptops and batteries for bombs, "the research team said on Tuesday.
Research suggested that Wi-Fi can now be used to estimate the volume of liquids such as water, acid, alcohol and other chemicals for explosive material. The study led by researchers at the Wireless Information Network Laboratory (WINLAB) in the School. of Engineering showed a wireless device with two to three antennas(天线)that could be fitted in existing Wi-Fi networks. The detection system analyzes what happens when wireless signals go through and bounce off objects or materials. The approach, which the paper states, works by separating the wireless interference(干扰)caused by two factors of objects-the material and shape." Most dangerous objects such as weapons are usually metal or liquid, which have significant interference," researchers said.
When it was tested on a backpack, the accuracy rate topped 95 percent. "But the accuracy dropped to about 90 percent when objects inside bags are wrapped. And the tech could save lives if used in museums, stadiums, theme parks or schools," the team said, noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an exposure to privacy.
It uses channel state information (CSI) that is readily available in low-cost Wi-Fi devices." This could have a great impact on protecting the public from dangerous objects," said Yingying Chen, a co-author of the study," There's a growing need for that now. In large public areas, it's hard to set up expensive screening equipment like what's in airports. Manpower is always needed to check bags and we want to develop a method to try to reduce manpower.”
The peer-reviewed study, which recently won a best paper award at the 2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security, is now published online." Future work will continue to
focus on ameliorating the accuracy of identifying objects and imaging shapes and volumes," researchers said.
（1）What does paragraph 3 talk about?
A. The function of the technique.
B. The way the device works.
C. The principle the study is based on.
D. The benefit of the study findings.
（2）What's the advantage of the device?
A. It saves people in danger of natural disasters.
B. It passes through bags without damaging them.
C. It uses antennas to pick up networks' signals.
D. It protects personal information from being disturbed.
（3）Why did the researchers study the device according to Yingying Chen?
A. To save money and labour.
B. To make full use of Wi-Fi.
C. To protect passengers' privacy.
D. To research dangerous objects.
（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “ameliorating" in the last paragraph?
A. Confirming.
B. Improving.
C. Discovering.
D. Examining.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员发现，WiFi可用于可用于安检。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第三段中的“The detection system analyzes what happens when wireless signals go through and bounce off objects or materials.”这个检测系统分析信号在物体和材料上穿透和反射时会发生什么。

可知选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“noting its design can inspect bags or luggage without being an exposure to privacy.”可知，不用打开和检查人们的个人物品，避免了侵犯隐私，可知选D。

（3）考查推理判断，根据第五段中的“In large public areas, it's hard to set up expensive screening equipment like what's in airports. Manpower is always needed to check bags and we want to develop a method to try to reduce manpower.”在大型公共场所，很难像机场那样设置昂贵的安检设施。

检查行李总是需要人力，我们希望开发一种互补的方法来减少人力，可推知选A。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“Future work will continue to focus on ameliorating the accuracy of identif ying objects and imaging shapes and volumes”今后的工作将继续侧重于提高识别物体和成像形状及体积的准确性，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-effects.
For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient—but it also causes new problems that could hold back the transition(转型).
Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.
Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand— younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.
In the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow.
Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, power failure and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let governments watch over people's shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data.
（1）Some rich countries are trying to .
A. dematerialize money
B. get rid of the side-effects of cash
C. make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered species
D. promote payment without paper money or coins
（2）In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show .
A. the differences between developed and developing countries
B. that cash is still king across the world
C. digital payments are becoming a trend that cannot be stopped
D. China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment
（3）Cash is disappearing largely because .
A. younger consumers are short of money to live their digital lives
B. suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and data
C. the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed markets
D. financial firms want to abandon old-fashioned customers
（4）The author's attitude towards digitalized payment is .
A. favorable
B. negative
C. objective
D. indifferent
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，富裕国家正在减少现金支付,现金正在因为需求等原因消失。

总的来说,无现金经济的未来是个好消息,但是对于电子支付人们也有一些担忧。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕国家正竞相将支付非物质化；再根据第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。

结合上下文,可知某些富裕国家比如瑞典正在减少现金支付,推广不用纸币或硬币的支付方式,也就是电子支付方式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％；再根据“In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.”可知在中国,数字支付从2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。

瑞典和中国的共同点是现金支付减少,电子支付比例上升,由此可推断作者提到瑞典和中国是为了说明数字支付正成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)... Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.”可知现金消失的一个重要原因就是诸如银行和科技公司（在发达市场）和电信公司（在新兴市场）之类的供应商正在开发快速,易于使用的支付技术,他们可以从中提取数据和小费。

运行现金经济背后的基础架构需要付出高昂的成本,这些基础设施包括自动取款机,载有纸币的货车,接受硬币的出纳员。

大多数金融公司都渴望放弃它,或者以高昂的费用劝阻老式客户。

也就是供应商为了减少成本,获取数据和小费,开发了更便捷的支付方式,导致现金支付的减少。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，,作者提到无现金支付即电子支付的好处,也提到电子支付引起的担忧,对待电子支付是客观的,故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick
smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city. The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
（1）Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.
B.The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution.
C.Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis.
D.The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.
（2）Who may not complain about the serious air pollution?
A.The parents whose children have to stay at home.
B.The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.
C.The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.
D.The officials who have to work out of their offices.
（3）Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5?
A.Sent out.
B.Sent up.
C.Sent in.
D.Sent on.
（4）The title of the passage should be .
A.Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi
B.Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi
C.Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi
D.Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题；第五段“New Delhi, is en gulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.” 新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。

庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。

可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。

由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期间，由于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。

学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产，是不会抱怨的，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring state s.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。

因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。

根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。

由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Some people sit outside for hours without getting bitten by mosquitoes, but it always seems like you're being eaten alive within minutes of stepping outdoors.
If this is you, you're not alone. According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes
mosquitoes' mouths water?
A popular myth claims that mosquitoes prefer certain blood types, but the fact is that they simply can't tell what your blood type is from a faraway place. Jonathon Day, a professor of medical entomology (昆虫学) at the University of Florida in the US, told NBC it's not complicated. "The two most important reasons a mosquito is attracted to you have to do with sight and smell." Mosquitoes are especially active in the late afternoon. While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims (攻击对象) by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. That's why you commonly find them in crowded streets and parks.
Joop van Loon, an entomologist at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, told Live Science, "Mosquitoes start orienting (使......朝向) themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations (浓度)."
As a result, people who simply exhale (呼出) more of the gas over time –generally, larger people – have been shown to attract more mosquitoes than others. "This is why kids don't get bitten as much ... as adults," US professor Ted Rosen told Science Alert.
This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant.
In addition to carbon dioxide, the color of the clothes you wear also plays a role in attracting mosquitoes.
According to Live Science, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from up to 50 meters away. At this distance, what we wear has a huge effect. Due to their vision (视觉), people wearing dark colors are more likely to become targets.
Being bitten by mosquitoes is annoying, but don't worry. Some simple tips can help ward them off. Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent (驱虫剂) and wear light-colored clothing.（1）How do mosquitoes locate their targets, according to the article?
A.By seeking out bright clothes.
B.By identifying different blood types.
C.By sensing an increase of carbon dioxide.
D.By following bigger crowds.
（2）Why are pregnant women more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes?
A.Their larger size helps mosquitoes to see them.
B.They breathe out more CO2.
C.They are more likely to sweat.
D.Their body temperatures are higher.
（3）How does the article advise you to avoid mosquitoes?
A.Exercise regularly.
B.Wear light-colored clothing.
C.Keep your skin dry and clean.
D.Stay indoors in the evening.
（4）What's the article mainly about?
A.A new finding about mosquitoes.
B.How people can avoid mosquito bites.
C.A popular myth about mosquitoes.
D.Why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么有些人可以整个夏天坐在户外乘凉却不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出门就好像要被蚊子吃掉一样。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“While flying along, they use their sen se of smell to find possible targets. They find victims by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO2) breathed out by humans and animals. ”飞的时候，它们用嗅觉发现目标。

它们通过闻人和动物呼出的二氧化碳来锁定目标；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoes start orienting themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations”蚊子开始飞向有二氧化碳的地方，当它们感知到高浓度的二氧化碳时，就保持逆流飞行，可知，蚊子通过感知二氧化碳的增加来锁定目标。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段“This love for CO2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant.”对二氧化碳的喜欢使得孕妇很容易被蚊子咬，因为她们比正常相同年龄，相同体型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕妇呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent and wear light-colored clothing.”科学家建议我们使用驱虫剂或者穿浅颜色的衣服。

可知，文章建议我们可以通过穿浅色衣服来避免蚊子叮咬。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water?”根据Smithsonian杂志，世界上大约20%的人容易招蚊子咬。

为什么这些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探讨的话题是：为什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air than forest trees.
As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.
Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.
To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.
City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest，trees tend to grow close together，shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.
（1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2?
A. It is one of the side effects of greenhouses.
B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming.
C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels.
D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on.
（2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees?
A. To know about their growth rates.
B. To find out how much they weigh.
C. To check whether they were healthy.
D. To assess the carbon amounts in them.
（3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees?
A. They are more likely to access growth promoters.
B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air.
C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbors.
D. They are better at competing for light.
（4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued?
A. How urban trees can live longer.
B. Why city living makes trees die young.
C. How trees respond to dry soil conditions.
D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more C02.【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究发现：与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2.”可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。

可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“To figure on how quickly trees were growing,
researchers tracked their diameters.”可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮）in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground.”可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。

光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。

由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样，这方面的数据不多。

因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”；文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现：城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。

由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Many years ago, my mother read from the book Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey to me.
I remember as if it were yesterday, hearing her voice at my side on a cold wintry night. My mother's voice changed my world.
Long before I could read on my own, she shared with me the strength and beauty of McCloskey's language a story of a little girl and her mother out in nature, co-existing with a mother bear and her own baby. The power of the story, of language and of my mother all came together. And it happened many times after that, over and over. The read aloud made me a reader.
Years later, I was reading aloud a picture book to a small child in a classroom. His life, so far, had not been easy. His childhood was troubled by poverty and loneliness. In that moment, in the joy of the read aloud, he had an idea that started something big.
What he said was this: "Mrs. Allyn, let's make sure everyone knows how good this feels. Let's have a holiday for the read aloud" Therefore, my organization, LitWorld, created a grassroots movement World Read Aloud Day in 2010 to honor this young boy's wish for everyone to be able to have a read aloud every day.
Since the day he shared that good idea with us, World Read Aloud Day has become a worldwide event reaching over one million people in more than 65 countries around the world. This year we are over 600 cities strong, a number that is growing every day.
Children who grow up as readers become engaged citizens of the global world, and every child deserves the right to read. When I say that reading aloud will change the world, I know it sounds。