在职申硕同等学力英语(阅读)模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析)

在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension
Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
The world’s population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth. Where will we find the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and health care for all these people?
A major new study shows that the situation may be changing. A large and rapid drop in the world’s birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations. Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away from their homes instead of having children. And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth. China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth. China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. China now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero population growth, the number of births equaling the number of deaths, by the year 2000. Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations could face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people.
1．In Paragraph One, in the sentence “Experts long have been concerned about such growth”, the phrase “concerned about” is similar in meaning to______.
A．worried about
B．related to
C．engaged in
D．made a study of
正确答案：A
解析：选项worried about意思为“担心”；B选项related to意思为“有联系”；C选项engaged in意思为“参与”；D选项made a study of意思为“做调查”。

因此A为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
2．“Family planning programs” means______.
A．birth control policy in a country
B．economic policy in a family
C．TV programs designed for a family
D．economic policy in a country
正确答案：A
解析：从第三段最后一句可知计划生育是减少人口增长的手段，因此A为正确选项。

知识模块：阅读
3．The world’s birth rate has dropped because______.
A．people marry at a much later time
B．more birth control devices and methods have been used
C．women would rather go to study or work than have children
D．all the above reasons are true
正确答案：D
解析：本题问世界人口增长率降低的原因。

从第三段可知D为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
4．By the year 2000, the number of births and the number of deaths in China will______.
A．be greatly different
B．be equal to each other
C．drop a great deal
D．become much larger
正确答案：B
解析：本题问2000年时中国的出生率和死亡率将会怎样。

根据第四段最后一句：“And it hopes to reach zero population growth，the number of birth equaling the numberof deaths，by the year 2000．”可知，到2000年，中国的出生率和死亡率将会相等。

故B项正确。

知识模块：阅读
5．Some time in the future, the people who are working in Europe would have to pay much higher taxes because______.
A．more and more children will be born
B．fewer and fewer children will be born
C．they will be making a lot of money
D．the number of retired people will become ever larger
正确答案：D
解析：本题问将来在欧洲工作的人们会交纳更多税款的原因。

从第五段最后一句可知D为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
6．The reasons for the population decrease are as follows except______.
A．later marriage
B．later pregnancy
C．national family planning policy
D．China’s reducing population
正确答案：D
解析：世界人口下降的因素很多，选项D中提到的中国的情况只是一个具体例子。

知识模块：阅读
When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner’s name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph—a picture of a woman and a young girl about twelve years old, who looked like the woman’s daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me. That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn’t remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As the police sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.
7．The wallet which the writer found______.
A．was empty
B．had some money in it
C．had a few coins and a photograph in it
D．had an old photograph in it
正确答案：C
解析：本题问作者捡到的钱包里有什么。

从第一段第三句可知C项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
8．The writer opened the wallet because he wanted to______ in it.
A．find some money
B．find some gold
C．find the owner’s name
D．find the owner’s photograph
正确答案：C
解析：本题问作者打开钱包的原因。

从第一段第二句可知作者打开钱包的目的是寻找失主的姓名，所以C项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
9．The writer recognized the young woman because______.
A．he had met her somewhere before
B．she was the old woman in the photograph
C．she often had dinner with his aunt and uncle
D．she looked like the young girl in the photograph
正确答案：D
解析：本题问作者是如何认出那位年轻妇女的。

D项是正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
10．The young woman told of her loss of the wallet______.
A．at the beginning of the dinner
B．during the conversation
C．as soon as she saw the writer
D．after the dinner
正确答案：B
解析：本题问年轻妇女何时告诉作者她丢失了钱包。

从第二段第五句可知B 项是正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
11．The story was amazing because______.
A．the writer found both the wallet and its owner
B．the finder and the loser of the wallet were old friends
C．the finder and the loser of the wallet met at the police station
D．the woman knew the writer and his uncle
正确答案：A
解析：作者不仅找到了钱包还找到了失主，因此A项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
12．Why was the young woman who had lost her wallet invited to dinner?
A．She was familiar with the writer’s aunt.
B．She was familiar with the writer’s uncle.
C．She happened to be invited so as to amount to 4 persons for dinner.
D．She was friend of writer’s uncle and aunt.
正确答案：C
解析：其他选项都是猜测，文中没有提到。

知识模块：阅读
At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense—a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and America’s “gun culture”are responsible for America’s high rates of murder. In Bellesiles’ opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesiles’ low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in A-merica, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
13．Which of following statements is true about the public debate over gun
network?
A．It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice network.
B．Neither supporters nor opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars.
C．The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it.
D．Many social science historians have so far failed to take part in it.
正确答案：C
解析：本题中，A、D两项与文章的意思不相符；B项在文中未被提及。

从文中的“To date…been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians…”可知，主流社会学家对枪支管制产生的影响很大。

因此C项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
14．The author mentions Kleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to .
A．illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun control
B．refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimes C．support the thesis that gun ownership leads to more violence
D．demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of the gun ownership history
正确答案：D
解析：本题中，A项与文章的意思不符；B、C两项明显不对。

作者提到Kleck、Lott和Bellesiles是指出他们的错误从而表明采用新的研究方法的重要性。

因此正确答案是D。

知识模块：阅读
15．The author’s main criticism of John Lott is that he______.
A．advocates private ownership of firearms
B．is not objective in his analysis
C．has analyzed a wrong period
D．has cited dubious statistics
正确答案：C
解析：根据第一段倒数第二句“However，he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992，when violent crime rates had peaked and var—ied little from year to year．”可知，Lott的结果存有偏见，因为他把分析时间局限在了1977年至1992年之间，而当时是犯罪最高峰，由此推断，Lott所选的分析时间不恰当，所以C项正确。

A、B、D三项都与文章的意思不相符。

知识模块：阅读
16．With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree?
A．Gun control should be tightened.
B．Guns have little to do with murder.
C．Gun culture was the result of high homicide rates in America.
D．The statistics that earlier historians produced of gun ownership is reliable.
正确答案：A
解析：本题中，B、C、D三项都与Bellesiles的观点不相符。

从文中的Bellesiles in—sists that guns and America’s“gun culture”are responsible for America’s high rates of murder．(Bellesiles坚信枪支以及美国的“枪支文化”导致了美国的高谋杀率。

)可知，A项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
17．The passage is primarily concerned with______.
A．resolving a public dispute over gun control
B．describing the effects of earlier studies on gun control
C．analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun control
D．summarizing the recent development in the studies of gun control
正确答案：C
解析：本题中，A、B、D三项都不能表达文章的主要意思。

综观全文，本文主要是围绕以前主流社会历史学家在枪支控制方面的错误论证方法和观点而展开的，因此C项为正确答案。

知识模块：阅读
18．In the fourth sentence of first passage, the sentence “despite profound flaws” means______.
A．the books of the scholars were profound and wrong in some aspects
B．there were many mistakes in the books of the scholars
C．the books of the scholars were not perfect then
D．the books of the scholars were very wrong in some aspects
正确答案：C
解析：这是考查对局部文意的正确理解。

其他三个选项都比较偏颇. 知识模块：阅读
Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin(亲戚)and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviousness” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large
communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广者的)outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
19．Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A．Two contrasting views are presented.
B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
正确答案：A
解析：本题问本文第1段的组织结构是什么，其实是问第1段的主旨大意。

A项意为“提出两种相反的观点”，最为恰当地概括了第1段的内容。

知识模块：阅读
20．According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents______.
A．did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B．could not develop long-standing relationships
C．tended to be associated with bad behavior
D．usually had more friends
正确答案：B
解析：文章开头就明确提出：过去人们普遍认为现代社会改变了人们自然形成的人际关系，与亲戚和邻居之间变得冷漠，代之以与认识的过路人一样肤浅、表面的关系。

B项说“不再形成持久、深入的人际关系”，显然B项与原文相符。

知识模块：阅读
21．One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors______.
A．disrupt people’s natural relations
B．make them worry about crime
C．cause them not to show concern for one another
D．cause them to be suspicious of each other
正确答案：C
解析：题干中的impersonal意为“没有感情的”；A项中的disrupt意为“使分裂，使中断，使陷入混乱”。

根据第3段第2句话可知C项正确。

A项的错误在于并非邻里之间的冷漠导致人们原来自然的关系中断，二者不是因果关系。

邻居关系的疏远也不是他们担心犯罪的原因，也没有造成邻里之间互相猜疑，所以B、D两项不对。

知识模块：阅读
22．It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ______.
A．the better its quality of life
B．the more similar its interests
C．the more tolerant and open-minded it is
D．the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
正确答案：C
解析：C项正是文章最后几句话的概括。

A项与第2段第5句话(but the quality oflife does not differ between town and city)相悖；D项与第2段第6句话(Nor are resi—dents…)意思相反。

知识模块：阅读
23．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.
B．Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C．The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D．The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
正确答案：A
解析：本文第1段先提出两种相反的观点，随后便一直在论证第2种观点，即讨论A项的内容。

知识模块：阅读
24．The word “alienation”in the 2nd paragraph can be replaced by the word______.
A．distraction
B．remote
C．estrangement
D．partition
正确答案：C
解析：词汇题。

alienation可译为“疏离”，与estrangement同义，故C项是正确答案。

知识模块：阅读。