英语阅读中的猜词技巧教师版

英语阅读理解猜词技巧
1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation)
Signal words: be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words, that is , that is to say, refer to, signify ，attributive clause …..或用破折
号、冒号、括号等来表示etc.
例如：
1). Do you know what a ―territory‖ is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. [05 湖北卷A篇]
【由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。

】
2). Green building means ―reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land‖.（04 浙江卷B篇）
【由定义我们可以推断这里Green building 指的环保房子。

】
3）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(A)
The word ―pruning‖ means______
A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 4）、There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty。

The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense—— there is a reason for everything that happens。

The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens，especially the bad things that happen。

The underlined part ―the world makes sense‖ in paragraph 3 probably means that——
A、everything in the world is planned in advance。

B、the world can be understood in different ways
C、there’s an explanation for everything in the world
D、we have to be wise in order to understand the world
【―there is a reason for everything that happens‖，so the answer is C.】
定语从句复述：例如：
5）（04 福建卷E篇）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .
According the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
【通过whose引导的定语从句，可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D.】6)We like our new house because it has a few elms in the back yard，which gives us shade and keeps the house cooler.
What does ―elm‖ mean？
【由―Which gives us shade and keeps the house cooler‖可知，elm是一种树。

】
7）Yet，shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems，such as shoplifters，who always take away things from the shop without paying for them。

What does the underlined word ―shoplifter‖ mean？
【由―who always take away things from the shop without paying for them‖可知，shoplifter指的是小偷。

】[练习]
1）The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.
2）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.
3）The word ―lefty‖ means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.
4）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.
5）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature.
6) The nurse is on night shift ----- from midnight to 7 a.m.
7) There are two types of fat, e xternal fat (fat under skin and internal fat (fat inside the body wall).
答案：1）职业的2）盗窃癖3）左撇子“的”4）久坐的5）症状
6）shift: the period of time worked by a group of people who work by turns (轮班)
7）external: on, of or for the outside (外部的; 外面的)
2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 例如：
1）After Mary put the letter in the envelope, she seal ed it and placed a stamp on it, then put it into the postbox.
seal: to fasten or close as / with a SEAL or a tight cover or band of something (密封; 封闭)
2) Mike got on the motorcycle, and Mary sat behind him on the pillion.
pillion: a seat for a second person on a motorcycle placed behind the drive (摩托车后座)
3.利用同义/ 同位语(similarity/appositive)
Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 例如：
有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead of, rather than等信息词。

如：
1）．The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra，for example，uses an electronic ―black box‖，an instrument that sounds a perfect tone of 440cycles per second，which is considered standard。

According to this passage，the electronic ―black box‖ is used——
A．by most major orchestras B .to set the standard pitch
C．to replace the principal clarinetist D. to avoid quarrels among musicians
【由同位语从句that sounds a perfect tone of 440cycles per second，which is considered standard可知，答案选B。

】
2）．My organic business biog relates to news of interest to parents who are interested in organics，alternative energy and etc. It’s made a little money. It pays for itself，plus a tiny bit extra，but it certainly isn’t enough to make a living.
The underlined sentence ―It pays for itself‖in the 1st paragraph means——
A、the writer spends some money on blogging
B、the writer borrows some money for blogging
C、the write r’s blogging has made ends meet
D、the writer’s blog ging costs her little money
【由It’s made a little money，but it certainly isn’t enough to make a living可知答案选C。

】
3）The cutting of large forest areas also causes environmental problems，such as growing desert and the deaths of more and more animals。

[由such as 列举的沙漠的扩大，越来越多的动物的死亡，可知environmental problems指的是―环境的问题‖。

]
4）（04 辽宁卷C篇）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
【根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。

】
5）（05浙江卷B篇）In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．
【由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。

】
6) I am a resolute man , that is , once I set up a goal , I won’t give it up easily.
【resolute: (of a person or his character) firm; determined in purpose (坚决的; 断然的)】
7）Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say ―I’m sorry you’re upset‖；this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done。

According to the author，saying ―I’m sorry you’re upset‖most probably means―_________‖.
A．You have good reason to get upset B.I apologize for hurting your feelings
C．I’m wrong for making you upset D.I know you’re upset，but I’m n ot to blame 【―This suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person
has done‖，so the answer is D.】
8).Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin(青霉素) from it in order to make antibiotics , that is , substances that kill germs.
antibiotics: substances that kill germs (抗生素; 抗生菌)
[练习]：
1）The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.
―adolescence‖ means___________ (The period between childhood and adulthood)
2).One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
A. Quite right.
B. Time enough.
C. Most unlike.
D. Just the opposite. [分析：由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。

]
3).The largest player – Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans , minivans , station wagons , coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.
The words ―deluxe sedans,‖ ―minivans‖ and ―station wagons‖ used in the text refer to ________.(C)
A. cars in the making
B. car rental firms
C. cars for rent
D. car makers
4) Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.
5). Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicke d, we passed the time telling stories.
6). Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.
7). He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.
8) Large chunks of ice and snow melt very slowly. Once they begin to thaw, several weeks of warm weather may be required before they are totally dissolved.
9) The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an
eccentric lady.
10) His uncle was a roamer, a wanderer who never could stay in one place .
roamer: a person who wanders through or around a place with no very clear aim (俳徊者; 游荡者) 11) Every country has its favorite beverage. Indians like to drink coffee after dinner. The English prefer tea. Americans often drink soda.
beverage: a liquid for drinking, esp. one that is not water (饮料)
[答案]：4).单一民族的5)慌张6) 不同意7) 不英俊8) thaw: (of a frozen substance) to increase in temperature to above freezing point and so becoming liquid, soft or bendable (解冻; 溶化)
dissolve: (of a solid or a gas) to become liquid by being put into liquid (溶解)
9). eccentric: (of a person or his behavior) peculiar; unusual; rather strange (古怪的; 怪异的)
10).roamer: a person who wanders through or around a place with no very clear aim (俳徊者; 游荡者)
11) beverage: a liquid for drinking, esp. one that is not water (饮料)
4.利用举例(from examples)
Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while, instead…ect.
[例如]：
1). The snow was falling . Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers.
2). Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
3)Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资), while others carried only passengers.
cargo: goods carried by a ship, plane or vehicle (货物)
4) You may select any of these periodicals to read: New Yorker, Times, Reader’s Digest, Beijing Review and so on.
periodical: books, magazines, etc. issued or published repeatedly at regular times (杂志; 刊物）
5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast)
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义
词猜测其词义。

表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。

例如：
1)Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 【例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast，（相对照的，相对比的）可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。

分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为―目空一切的，傲慢的‖。

】
2)A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
【句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。

这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义，―熟练的‖。

】
3)MET 2002 E篇）A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined word ―hassle‖ (paragraph 1) probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
【根据对比关系，这里hassle 和a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。

】
6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生（Compound & Derivation）等
根据前缀猜测词义。

例如：
1)（05江西卷E篇）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
【根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。

】
2)Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old--- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.
The underlined word ―illiterate‖ in the passage means __________.[C]
A. Repeated
B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick
3)Overwork may cause diseases. 【over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork―工作过度‖。

】
4)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
【dis ―不‖ +satisfied―满意的=dissatisfied ―不满意的‖。

】
根据后缀猜测词义。

例如：
（05 广东卷E篇）It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．
【后缀-ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。

】
根据复合词的各部分猜测词义。

例如：
1).（05 北京卷B篇）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions. 【Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。

它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。

】
2)（04浙江卷D 篇）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled
labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.
【根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。

】
3)After I had been away from my parents for two years I began to feel homesick.
homesick: feeling a great wish to be at home, when away from it (思乡的; 思乡病的)
7.利用同义词或反义词(Synonym or Antonym)
1）The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish both stress and pain.
The underlined word ―diminish‖ is similar to _________.
A. test
B. stop C .reduce D. increase
【―laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain‖，so the answer is C。

】
2）Ind onesia’s reefs are vast ——they cover 51，000 square kilometers，surround17，500islands and stretch 3，500kilometers——but they are not infinite.
The underlined word ―infinite‖ in the 2nd paragraph most probably means___________.
A．incomplete B. short C. unfit D. limitless
【―Indonesia’s reefs are vast，but---‖，so the answer is D。

】
3）Any of these，coming at the right time，can serve as an igniter to start one’s enthusiasm for learning or for a better career，to turn him from a passive state of waiting to an active state of pursuing，to lend him strength to go ahead bravely. In that case，what he has prepared for years will be quickly turned into fruitful reality.
What’s the meaning of the underlined word―pursuing‖ in the sixth paragraph？
A．Dreaming about success. B. Trying to achieve something.
C．Preparing for the worst. D. Hoping to be a leader.
【―from a passive state of waiting to an active state of pursuing‖，so the answer is B.】
4）There is no doubt that adults，and even highly educated adults，vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading 。

Some proceed very slowly throughout；others dash along too quickly and have to regress. The underlined word ―regress‖ can be best replaced by _________.
A．regret B. stop C. move slowly D. go back
【―some proceed very slowly throughout；others dash along too quickly and have to regress‖，so the answer is D。

】
5)I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .‖(B) The word ―presumptuous‖is closest in meaning to ―___________‖.[B]
A．full of respect B．rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
6) In many nations there are two financial extremes (极端), from penury to great wealth.
penury: the state of being very poor; poverty (贫穷; 贫困)
7) Our spacious house has more advantages than our overcrowded apartment.
spacious: wide; not narrow; having a lot of room; (宽阔的; 宽敞的)
8) Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely.
homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not good-looking (不漂亮的)
8.利用上下文的语境(context or related information)
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。

如：
1)If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.
A. drunk
B. sweating
C. happy
D. mistaken
【解析】：根据I don’t like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。

我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的他就大错特错了。

因此答案D。

2) In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most voca l are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.
The underlined phrase ―the most vocal‖ means ______.
A. Those who try their best to win
B. Those who value competition most highly
C. Those who are against competition most strongly
D. Those who rely on others most for success 【答案：C。

解题关键：上下文语境context or related information】
9. 根据各种逻辑关系，如原因、结果关系和并列关系等猜词
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

例如：
1）（05上海卷B篇）I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to
do .‖
The word ―presumptuous‖ in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to ―‖ .
A．full of respect B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
【根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。

对应的理解题答案为：B。

】2）（05江西卷D篇）Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
【根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪（树枝等）”的意思。

】
3）Only a few men on the work crew meet those standards。

Before Terry took the boat job，several others had it and gave up because they found it so tedious。

Another word for the underlined word ―tedious‖ is ________.
A．difficult B. boring C. serious D. tiring
【―meet those standards，had it and gave up‖，及前面提到―Terry Thomas has a very boring job‖，因此答案选B。

】
4)Immigration officials at airport look suspiciously at a girl whose passport shows her occupation as ―Model‖，and these are men and women of considerable experience of the world。

It comes no surprise to find that some models prefer to put ―Secretary‖or ―Businessman‖ as their jobs in their passports。

The underlined word ―suspiciously‖ can most probably be replaced by_________.
A．doubtfully B. excitedly C. proudly D. sadly
【―It come s no surprise to find -----‖，so the answer is A。

】
5）The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.(A)
A. work
B. study
C. name
D. interest
6）（04 湖北卷C篇）I s it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is ―yes‖, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.
【根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。

】
7) The tree will have to be cut down, for it obstruct s the view of oncoming traffic (迎面驶来的车辆).
obstruct: to block up; to put difficulties in the way (阻塞; 挡住)
8) She is usually prompt for all her classes. Today, however, she arrived in the middle of her first class.
prompt: (of an action) done or given quickly or at the right time (准时的)
9) After his parents had been married for eight years, they divorced last year, so he had to live with his
mother alone.
divorce: to end a marriage between a husband and wife (离婚; 离异）
[练习]：
1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.
3）All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.
4）For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.
5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.
答案：（1）五金店（2）温和的（3）坍塌（4）一步之遥（5）大火灾
6)Imagine that you are on a jury and you hear the testimony of an eyewitness who says that the accused
person is guilty. You would probably vote to convict the accused，don’t you think？Well，more often than not，you’d be wrong。

The underlined words ―to convict the accused‖ probably means _______.
A．to show that the accused is wrong B．to express that the accused person is true C．to declare that the accused person is guilty D．to explain that the eyewitness is dangerous
【―The testimony of an eyewitness who says that the accused person is guilty，you would‖，so the answer is C。

】
7)Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space。

The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to
be sure about radiation damage. A person may feel perfectly well，but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. The underlined word ―deformed‖ probably means____________.
A．badly-shaped B. weak C. naturally-grown D. ugly
【―but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until‖，so the answer is A.】
8) I lost my key to my bike, so I went to the shop to duplicate a new one so that I could get to school on
time.
【duplicate: to copy exactly (复制; 配)】
9) My son has been in school for two years but he can’t write a sentence, so I shouted to the teacher: ―You
have made my son illiterate.‖
【illiterate: unable to read and write (无知的; 文盲）)
Practice：
1. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so.
The word ―audience‖ in the paragraph means __________.
A. students
B. people who watch a play
C. people who act on the stage
D. people who listen to something
【答案：A。

解题关键：常识teacher-----students】
2. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.
The underlined part ―the colours turned the customers off‖means that the colours_______ A．Attracted the customers strongly B. Had weak effects on the customers
C. Tricked the customers into shopping
D. Caused the customers to lose interest
【答案：D。

解题关键：因果关系because】
3. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .
―hazard‖ means ______.
A. pleasure
B. problem
C. danger
D. attraction
【答案：C。

解题关键：举例for example】
4. .…When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture. [2006年湖南]
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means Sontag _____.[D]
A. was a symbol of American cultural life
B. developed world literature, film and art
C.. published many essays about world culture
D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture
5.Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them－a form of favoritism will replace equality.
The word ―favoritism" is used to describe the phenomenon that ________.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
【答案：B.解题关键：破折号（定义或同位语）】
6. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say , if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.
―Object permanence‖ means that when out of sight, an object ______.
A. Still exists
B. keeps its shape
C. Still stays solid
D. is beyond reach
【答案：A解题关键：1.定义：definition that is to say也就是说2.构词法：permanent—permanence】7. A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle ; instead , it can be a basket of fun , according to Beth
Anaclerio , an Evanston mother of two , ages 4 and 18 months.
What does the underlined word "hassle― probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
D. a demand made by guests
【答案：C. 解题关键：比较comparison (instead—相反,反而)】
8. William Shakespeare said. ―The web o f our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.‖
The underlined word ―mingled‖ most probably means?
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
【答案：B. 解题关键：definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义】
9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstre tched hand. ―Good boy,‖ Buster whispered. ―What a great guard dog you are --- trying to lick me to death.‖。

Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word ―exotic‖ ?
A Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming
D. Unusual and foreign.
【答案：D解题关键：对比contrast，normal—but---unusual】
10. Lions are opportunist s. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. [2006年安徽]
By describing lions as ―opportunists‖, the author means to say that lions _________.
A. are cruel animals
B. are clever animals
C. Like to take advantage of other animals
D. Like to take every chance to eat
【答案：C。

解题关键：构词法及下文解释opportunity---ist 】
11.…Analyzing the law of the talion---an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth---William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of ―pay back.‖[2006年上海]
The word ―talion‖ in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of______.[C]
A. medicine
B. trade
C. avenging
D. striving
12. Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. …
―Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,‖ said Russell Barkley, a professor…[2006年天津]
The underlined phrase ―inheritable trait‖ in Paragraph 2 means _____.[A]
A. inborn nature
B. developed character
C. accepted theory
D. particular environment
13. That's why slight differences in conversational style--tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems---even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training. [2010北京卷C篇]
The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means _______
A. being willing to speak one's mind
B. being able to increase one's power
C. being ready to make one's own judgment
D. being quick to express one's ideas confidently 【A．词义猜测题，较难。

难点在于A选项的干扰作用。

原文说那位MM的inability to speak up注意别人认为她没能力，不是说她不愿意。

所以D比A好，此处用反义对比方法。

】
14. …Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S. , where are more TVs than people, a nd where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over
the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.[2010福建卷B篇]
The underlined word ―outlawed‖ in paragraph 2 probably means ―‖.
A. allowed
B. banned
C. offered
D. refused
【out作为前缀构成动词时，有“超越，超过”的意思。

与law连用，意思是“超越了法律”，即为法律所不容。

再结合句意：In 2005, after the fall of the Taliban, which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. 2005年塔利班垮台以后，五分之一的阿富汗人有了电视机，而在这之前电视是“被禁止的”。

故答案为B。

】
15 Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy. [2010福建卷C篇]
The underlined word ―inform‖ in Paragraph 2 probably means―‖.【A】
A．affect B．change C．disturb D．reject
【A．对比关系。

由while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy. 可知】
16 When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，‖Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.‖ or ―I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault；the car broke down.‖ It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success. 【2010广东卷B篇】
The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. avoid
B. accept
C. improve
D. consider
【答案：C 由第一段最后两句可知】
16. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."[2010湖南C篇]
What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
【答案：A。

解析：根据定语从句―that they show‖所修饰的eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A】17. I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I'm in London. [2010辽宁B篇] What does the word "shot" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. choice.
B. try
C. style.
D. goal
[B。

词义猜测题。

从第一句的hate，到but意义上的转折，说明尽管不喜欢，还是要“尝试一下”，所以try的意思更接近shot。

]
18. I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.【2010年全国卷E篇】
Which of the following words can best take the place of the word ―relish‖ in the second paragraph?【B】
A. choose
B. enjoy
C. prepare for
D. carry on。