高考英语一轮复习 高频语法训练 附录7 情态动词和虚拟

七、情态动词和虚拟语气
1．—Guess what，he has decided to enter for tomorrow's speech contest!
—________ it be possible？He is usually quite shy and reserved.
A．Must B．Would C．Should D．Need
答案 C [句意：——你猜怎么样，他已经决定参加明天的演讲比赛了。

——这有可能吗？
他通常很害羞很保守。

should表示说话人意外、惊喜等语气。

must“必须；一定；偏偏”；
would表示过去的意愿；need“需要”。

]
2．He has always insisted that he ________ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
A．will be called B．call
C．have been called D．should be called
答案 D [句意：他一直坚持被叫做特纳博士，而不是特纳先生。

insist意为“坚持要……”时，其后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”；he 与call是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态。

]
3．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier，the river ________ so seriously now.
A．is not polluted
B．would not be polluted
C．had not been polluted
D．would not have been polluted
答案 B [句意：如果我们早采取这些有效措施，那条河现在就不会被污染得这么严重了。

由语境及时间状语可知，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，属于错综虚拟语气，故主句谓语用would do的形式。

]
4．Mary failed the driving test again.If she ________ harder，she ________ the test easily.
A．practiced；would pass
B．had practiced；would pass
C．had practiced；would have passed
D．should practice；should have passed
答案 C [考查虚拟语气。

句意：玛丽又没有通过驾驶考试。

要是她多加练习，她就能很容易地通过考试。

表示与过去事实相反时，if从句谓语用“had＋过去分词”，主句谓语用“would＋have＋过去分词”。

]
5．It ________ be really cold in November in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.
A．should B．will C．must D．can
答案 D [考查情态动词can的用法。

句意：11月份合肥真的很冷，虽然通常温暖且阳光明媚。

can表示推测多用于否定句和疑问句中，用于肯定句时，多指“客观可能性”。

] 6．I ________ have gone the concert because I know nothing about that kind of music.
A．couldn't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．oughtn't
答案 C [考查虚拟语气。

句意：我本来不应该去音乐会的，因为我对那种类型的音乐一无所知。

shouldn't have done sth表示“本不该做的事情却做了”。

]
7．I'd rather you ________ right away.
A．leave B．left
C．will leave D．to leave
答案 B [考查would rather后面的从句用虚拟语气，动词用过去式。

]
8．It's important that we ________ protect wild animals.
A．will B．should C． shall D．must
答案 B [考查“it＋be＋adj.＋that＋sb＋(should)＋动词原形”结构，即虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用。

]
9．Jack should have taken the doctor's advice that he ________ in bed for a couple of days.
A．lies B．lie C．must lie D．lay
答案 B [advice，suggestion等表示意见、建议的词后面的同位语从句用虚拟语气。

] 10．We ________ a wonderful party to mark the special occasion in the open air，but it rained heavily then.
A．could have had B．must have had
C．could have D．must have
答案 A [句意：为了纪念这特别的日子我们本来能在露天举办一个美好的晚会的，但那时雨下得很大。

由“it rained heavily then”可知，此处表示过去本能够做某事实际上没做，故用could have done。

must have done表示对过去情况把握性较大的肯定推测；
could do和must do是对现在情况的推测。

]
11．Michael is always doing well in maths.But sometimes he ________ be a failure.
A．can B．shall C．must D．will
答案 A [句意：迈克尔的数学非常好，但有时他也会做得很差。

can表示推测用于肯定句时，表示偶然的可能性或一时的情况，意为“有时会”，符合题意。

shall表示命令或请求；must表示推测或“必须”；will表示意愿或习惯。

]
12．—Will you take up teaching as a career after graduation?
—Hard to say.I ________ go abroad for higher education instead，but it depends.
A．should B．must C．might D．shall
答案 C [句意：——毕业之后你会从事教育职业吗？——很难说，我可能去国外留学深造，但也要看情况。

由题意可知，此处表示对将来情况把握性不大的推测，故用might。

should表示请求、责任或义务；must表示推测或“必须”；shall表示命令或请求。

] 13．—We ________ as well go straight home.There's nothing better to do.
—OK，though I hate to do so.
A．might B．can C．should D．must
答案 A [might as well为固定搭配，意为“不妨”。

]
14．—When shall we meet your cousin at the station?
—His plane took off 2 hours ago，and it ________ arrive at 5 pm.
A．should B． could
C．must have D．need
答案 A [should意为“应该会，可能”，此处是对将来的推测，表示“预期会……”。

] 15．—The traffic is heavy now，so Mike ________ come late.
—Let's wait ten more minutes.
A．can B．need C．may D．shall
答案 C [句意：——现在交通繁忙，所以麦克可能会迟到。

——那让我们再等10分钟吧。

此处may表示“(有可能但不肯定)也许，可能”；can表示“能够”；need表示“需要”；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示警告、命令、威胁等语气。

因此选C项。

] 16．He wished he ________ so careless；his examination results could have been more satisfactory.
A．isn't B．wasn't
C．hasn't D．hadn't been
答案 D [句意：他希望自己没有这么粗心就好了，他的考试结果本应更令人满意的。

wish 后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，故选D。

] 17．I really don't know how to express my thanks to Mr Li，my high school English teacher，without whose help I ________ to college that year.
A．weren't to go
B．hadn't been able to go
C．couldn't go
D．couldn't have gone
答案 D [句意：我真的不知道怎么表达对我的高中英语老师李老师的感谢。

那一年若没有他的帮助我是不会考上大学的。

without whose help表示含蓄的虚拟条件，句子表示与过去事实相反的情况，故用couldn't have gone。

]
18．The doctor suggested he ________ with a serious disease and that he ________ to hospital at once.
A．be infected；be sent
B．was infected；be sent
C．should be infected；was sent
D．be infected；was sent
答案 B [句意：医生说他得了一种严重的疾病，并建议他被立即送到医院去。

第一个suggest意为“表明，暗示”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，句子表示过去的事实，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

第二个suggest意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。

]
19．—________ he have been chosen as captain of our school football team?
—Yes，he ________.Can't you see he's wearing an armband?
A．Can；can B．Must；must have
C．Must；must D．Can；must have
答案 D [考查情态动词的用法。

句意：——难道他被选为我们学校足球队的队长了吗？
——是的，他一定被选为队长了，你没看见他戴着袖标吗？——第一空，can have done 表示对现在的推测，一般用于疑问句和否定句。

用于疑问句时表示怀疑，用于否定句时表示不确定；第二空，must have done，表示肯定推测。

]
20．If Rose ________ her diamond in a safer place，it ________ stolen.
A．had put；might be
B．had put；might not have been
C．had put；could be
D．had not put；could not have been
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果罗斯把钻石放在更安全的地方，钻石就可能不会被偷了。

表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓语用had＋过去分词，主句谓语用would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。

根据语境，说话者语气不肯定，用might 表示不确定的推测。

]
21．It's said that there are plenty of hotels in that town.There ________be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.
A．wouldn't B．shouldn't
C．mustn't D．needn't
答案 B [句意：据说在那个城镇有许多旅馆，对你来说找个地方住下应该没有困难。

只有B项shouldn't是这个意思。

]
22．—You really should have taken part in the competition.
—I know I ________，but I ________ too busy to spare any time.
A．should have；was B．should do；was
C．should；had been D．should have；had been
答案 A [从语境判断，谈话人所说的事情是已经发生过的事，因此是对过去事情的推断，用情态动词的完成时，而but后是对过去事实的描述，用一般过去时。

]
23．—Look at the girl，her eyes were red.
—Yes，she ________.
A．may cry B．must cry
C．must be cried D．must have been crying
答案 D [考查情态动词。

句意：——看那个小女孩，她的眼睛是红的。

——是啊，她刚才肯定一直在哭。

”对过去正发生某事的推测。

]
24．—Can I pay the bill by check?
—Sorry，sir.But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment ________ be made in cash.
A．shall B．need C．will D．can
答案 A [考查情态动词shall的用法。

句意：——我能用支票付账吗？——先生，很抱歉，这是我们酒店的管理规定，必须要用现金结算。

四项中只有shall可以表示按照命令、条文、承诺、要求或义务等应该怎样。

]
25．Jim ________his strict father，for he has failed in the examination once again.
A．didn't dare to see B．not dare see
C．didn't dared to see D．dare not to see
答案 A [考查dare的用法。

句意：吉姆不敢见他严厉的父亲，因为他又没通过考试。

dare可用作情态动词和实义动词，用作情态动词否定形式为：dare not do sth，故排除
B、D两项；用作实义动词否定形式为：don't/didn't dare to do sth。

]
26．You ________ come if you don't want to.
A．won't B．needn't C．mustn't D．shan't
答案 B [句意：如果你不想来，你不必来。

won't“将不会”；needn't“没有必要”；
mustn't“必须不”；shan't“不愿意”，只有B项句意通顺，故选B。

]
27．—It's hard to believe that Jack ________ have fought with the policeman.
—Yes.If one ________ ask for trouble，it can't be helped.
A．would；will B．must；may
C．should；must D．need；dare
答案 C [句意：——难以置信，杰克竟然与警察打了一架。

——是的。

如果一个人非要找麻烦，实在没法子。

句中should表示“竟然”，must表示“硬要，非要”。

均符合语
境。

]
28．Mr White ________ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didn't show up.
A．should have arrived
B．should arrive
C．should have had arrived
D．should be arriving
答案 A [“should＋动词原形”表示现在或将来应该；“should＋be doing”表示现在应该正在做某事；“should have＋过去分词”表示过去本该做某事而未做。

根据题意，A 符合本题要求。

]
29．Sorry，I'm late.I ________ have misunderstood the plan and I went for another appointment.
A．might B．should C．can D．will
答案 A [句意：抱歉，我迟到了。

我可能误解了这个计划，赶赴了另一个约会。

此处表示把握性不大的肯定推测，用might。

should表示“应该”；can表示推测多用于否定句和疑问句；will表示意愿和倾向性。

]
30．If you ________ that film late last night，you wouldn't be so sleepy now.
A．didn't see B．haven't seen
C．wouldn't have seen D．hadn't seen
答案 D [句意：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看那部电影，你就不会这么困了。

last night暗示从句是与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句应用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，谓语用would do。

]
31．—If he ________，he ________ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A．was warned；would not take
B．had been warned；would not have taken
C．would be warned；had not taken
D．would have been warned；had not taken
答案 B [考查虚拟语气在if从句中的运用。

答句．..he was sent表明“他被送进医院”
是过去的事，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done。

]
32．The rice ________ if you had been more careful.
A．would not be burning
B．would not burn
C．would not have been burnt
D．would not burnt
答案 C [从句子的意思分析“如果你仔细点，那么饭就不会烧焦了。

”明显是对过去动作的假设。

根据条件状语从句中虚拟语气的规则选出答案。

]
33．You ________ pay too much attention to your English learning，as it is so important.
A．should B．must C．cannot D．needn't
答案 C [cannot too...表达“再……做也不过分”的意思。

]
34．—Excuse me.Is this the way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry，I am not sure.But it ________ be.
A．might B．will C．must D．can
答案 A [由答句中“I am not sure”来判断，空白处需要一个表示“可能”之意的情态动词来进行判断。

而might恰恰表示一种语气较为委婉的推测，含义是“也许”，故选A。

]
35．In the 1990s，a trip to Zhangjiajie cost less than 500 yuan，but now with the same amount of money you ________ even cover the entrance fee.
A．couldn't B．shan't
C．can't D．won't
答案 C [考查情态动词。

句意：在九十年代，到张家界的旅游费用不到500元，但是现在同样的钱连付门票都不够。

选项中，只有can't表示客观事实。

]
36．—The fog is so thick that the express way ________ have been closed.
—You are right.I ________ have thought of that.Now we have to take another road.
A．can；should B．may；can
C．should；must D．must；should
答案 D [考查情态动词。

句意：——雾这么大，高速公路一定已经关闭了。

——你说的对。

我本应该想到的。

我们选别的路吧。

第一空，must have done“一定”，表示肯定的推测，语气较肯定；第二空，should have done“本应该……而没有……”。

]
37．________ about his financial situation，I would have helped him out.
A．Did I know B．Had I been knowing
C．Had I known D．Have I known
答案 C [句意：我要是知道他的经济状况，就帮助他了。

由主句谓语would have helped 可知，从句是对过去事实的虚拟，要用过去完成时；从句省略if，把had提前，故选C。

] 38．The professor recommended the young couple ________ their emotions.
A．do not hide B．not hide
C．mustn't hide D．couldn't hide
答案 B [句意：那位教授建议那对年轻夫妇不要隐瞒他们的情绪。

recommend表示“建议，劝告”，其后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。

本题
从句是否定句，故谓语动词用(should)not hide。

]
39．—A man is asking to see you.________ he come in?
—Let him in.
A．Must B．Shall C．Will D．Dare
答案 B [shall用于第一、三人称表示请求允许。

]
40．—Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?
—No.You ________ because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．don't have to D．shouldn't
答案 C [根据答语中的No以及空格后的解释可知没必要查生词，故C符合题意。

] 41．When winter comes，________ spring be far behind?
A．must B．should C．will D．can
答案 D [must表示推测，用于肯定的陈述句表示有一定事实根据的推测，“一定，肯定”；should表示常理、常规或一般情况的推测，“应该会”；can表示逻辑上、理论上的可能性。

本句意为：冬天来了，春天还会远吗？为理论上的推测，应选D。

] 42．—You realize that you were driving at 80 miles per hour，don't you?
—No，officer，I ________.This car can't do more than 70.
A．don't need to be B．must not have been
C．couldn't have been D．needn't have been
答案 C [根据横线后的话“这辆车不能开到70公里以上”，判断说话者是说“我不可能……”。

因此只能选择C。

]
43．If there were no subjunctive mood，English ________ much easier.
A．will be B．would have been
C．could have been D．would be
答案 D [主句是对现在情况的假设，用would be。

]
44．I forget where I read the article，or I ________ it to you now.
A．will show B．would show
C．am going to show D．am showing
答案 B [考查虚拟语气。

句意：我不记得我在哪儿读过这篇文章，不然的话我现在就可以指给你看。

根据上文的语境可知句中的or隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or＝if I didn't forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话，但事实上忘了)。

]
45．It looks as if he were drunk.So it does.________.
A．Had better give up drinking
B．He shouldn't have drunk so much
C．Health is more important than drink
D．I wonder why he is always doing so
答案 D [考查虚拟语气。

句意：他好像喝醉了。

如果是这样。

我想知道他为什么经常这样。

关键信息是“It looks as if he were drunk”中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，他喝醉了不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D 项。

]
46．—May I take my lunch to the classroom?
—No，you ________.You should finish it right here.
A．mightn't B．won't
C．needn't D．mustn't
答案 D [考查情态动词。

句意：——我可以把午饭带到教室吗？——不可以，你就在这吃完。

mustn't表示“强烈的禁止”。

]
47．—There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.
—Really？It ________ be a fire，most probably.
A．ought to B．can C．have to D．must
答案 A [答句是根据谈话人所说情况所做出的推测，“这应该是场火灾，极有可能”，从后半句可以看出答话人的推测有很大可能，但又不是断定，B语气过轻，C、D过重。

] 48．—________ I speak to Mike，please?
—I'm sorry he ________ come to the phone because he isn't in.
A．Might；won't B．Can；mustn't
C．May；can't D．Could；shouldn't
答案 C [表示“请……接电话好吗？”时，通常用May/Can/Could I speak to...，please？来表达，表示否定推测时，用can't。

]
49．—________ I borrow your lighter for a minute?
—Sure，no problem.Actually，you ________ keep it if you want to.I've given up smoking.
A．Can；can B．Should；may
C．Must；can D．May；must
答案 A [句意：——我可以借你的打火机用一下吗？——当然，没问题。

实际上，如果你想要可以留下。

我已经戒烟了。

第一空用can或may皆可，表示请求允许；第二空用can 或may表示给予许可。

]
50．Without electricity，life today ________ quite different.
A．be B．was C．is D．would be
答案 D [句意：如果没有电，今天的生活会完全不同。

without...表示的是含蓄虚拟条件，句子说的是与现在事实相反的情况，故句子谓语动词用“would/could/should/might ＋动词原形”，故选D。

]。