被动语态难在哪里？讲义2023届高考英语学习提升课堂

高考英语学习提升课堂：被动语态难在哪里？
被动语态难在哪里？
一、动词后面有什么——介词、不定式、名词。

Be + V-ed ——介词词组=V + O + 介词词组(c ompare sth with sth)Be + V-ed ——形容词/副词=V + O + adj/adv (wipe sth off)Be + V-ed ——to do =V + O + to do (consider sth to be)Be + V-ed ——直接宾语（名词）=V + OI + OD (offer sb sth)
例句：
1. He became worse as time went on, and finally was taken to the hospital for
an operation. Just before he was wheeled into the operating room, I took a look at him.
他被送进医院=送他去医院（took him to the hospital）他被推进手术室=推他进手术室（wheeled him into the operating room）
2. Not only that, it uses broadcasting airwaves instead of an Internet connection.
The images are sent through the air by TV towers, not satellites.
影像被通过电视塔而非卫星传输=send the images through the air…
3. His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work,
but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.
他的能力被充分反映在考试中=（考试）充分反映他的能力（reflect his ability）
4. The candles on the 30th birthday cake were lit and blown out, the cake was
cut and shared and the real Gala began.
蜡烛被点燃并被吹灭=点亮并吹灭蜡烛（短语动词blow out：吹灭）
5. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are
set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.
你被释放=set you free（set sb free：释放某人、使某人自由）你被给与更长的刑期=给你更长的刑期(give you a much longer sentence)
6. Experienced gamers were shown to be able to pay attention to more than six
things at once without getting confused.
更有经验的游戏玩家被显示能够=（数据？实验？）显示更有经验的游戏玩家能够（show s to be able to do）
7. A thief who dropped a winning lottery ticket (彩票) at the scene of his
crime has been given a lesson in honesty.
小偷被给了一个教训=给了小偷一个教训（has given a thief a lesson）注意这类有“给与“意义的动词，后面可以接双宾语（V+ sb + sth）。

二、某些动词，在中文中没有对应的、简单直接的“说法”
8. Student participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected
of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation.
学生参与不仅被接受、而且被期待=期望学生的参与（expect participation of the student）注意这个b e expected of the student, 来自expect sth. of sb.，“期望某人有某物”——这个说法和中文的“话术”不同（“某人”和“某物”的先后不同）。

此类容易让中国学生感到困惑的动词例子还有：rub s. of sth. （抢了某人的东西）
9. He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called
the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
characterize：成为…的特征；以…为典型；使…具有特点——这类动词，是中国学生最难理解（或说接受）的。

因为我们的汉语中，找不到对应的表达方式：即“使……、以……为……” 这种“话术“。

观察以下例子：文如其人（见其文如见其人）his works define him逛集市是这个小镇游的一大特色this town tour features shopping in the fair这个古镇以当地美食为特色this ancient town is characterized by its delicious food
三、助动词部分：情态动词+被动式、和be之外的系动词
10. This fact accords with results of previous studies, but given the scant data and
the magnitude of the values, no conclusions can be drawn.
没有结论能够被得出=不能得出结论（can draw no conclusions）
11.He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the
"survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
人类进化的特征是抗争=struggle characterized human evolution.（characterize：成为……的特征）弱势的族群一定被更强更先进的族群所取代的=更强更先进的族群所取代弱势的族群（stronger, more advanced races and societies must eventually replace weaker races and societies）
12.Experts in media studies and onli ne psychology have been examining the fake
news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don't get fooled!
不要被（虚假新闻）欺骗=（the fake news fool you）被动语态的构成，除了be+ V-ed，get+ V-ed也很常见。

例如：The cleaning woman gets paid by the hour.（这个女清洁工是按照小时计酬的。

）
要注意的是，其他系动词（如seem、grow、turn、feel这类）也有接过去分词的，但这些过去分词，基本上都已经“进化”成形容词了。

属于“主-系-表”结构，与被动语态无关。

例如：They seem discouraged.（他们看起来很沮丧。

）。