英语语法--句子成分课件

2、主语补足语： 主动语态变成被动语态后，宾补变主补。
eg. I last saw him playing near the river. → He was last seen playing near the river.
He pushed the door open. → The door was pushed open.
二、谓语 (PREDICATE)
O 简单谓语: 由动词或动词词组组成 O I saw the flag on the top of the hill? O He looked after two orphans.
O 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; O He can speak English well. O He has caught a bad cold. O She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
↓ ↓
O 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语 指人。
O eg. He gave me some books.
间直接接 宾宾 语语
四、定语(ATTRIBUTE)
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 OHe is a clever boy.
(形容词)
O There are 54 students in our class. (数词)
找出补足语：
O Please make yourself at home. O Please keep the dog out. O He made himself known to them.
O The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam. →The student was caught cheating in the exam.
系动词不用于被动语态. • The apple tastes sweet.
补足语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。 1、宾语补足语：补充说明宾语状态，使句子意义完整
常用及物动词： O make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have,
let ……
eg. I found the book interesting.
句法(一)
---by Elena
O 定义：构成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分 有主要成分和次要成分。
O 主要成分：主语、谓语
O 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、表语、 补足语、同位 语
一 、 主 语 ( SUBJECT)
OJane is good at playing the piano. O She went out in a hurry. O Four plus four is eight. O Smoking is bad for health. O The young should respect the old. O What he has said is true.
O There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词)
常见系动词: • be(am/is/are/were/was), appear, look, seem
• feel, smell, taste, sound, keep, turn, become
• get, grow, come, go……
O He told me the news that I am interested in. 从句
八、同位语 (APPOSITIVE)
位于名词或代词后面，二次说明它们的性质和情况 O We young people should respect the old. 名词 O He himself will do the experiment. 代词 O He is the oldest among them four. 数词
找出主语：
OThe sun rises in the east. 名词
O He likes traveling. 代词
OTwenty years is a short time in history. 数词
OTo see is to believing.
不定式
O It is very clear that English is important in traveling. It形式主语，从句主语是真正主语