国外组织行为学课件皮尔森ch08

The Subtle Power of Compliance
• Simple compliance can set the stage for more complete involvement with organizational norms and roles.
• The process through which this occurs in organizations is known as organizational socialization.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 12
Organizational Socialization
• Socialization is the process by which people learn the attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours that are necessary to function in a group or organization.
• Two kinds of dependence are information dependence and effect dependence.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 4
Information Dependence
• Conformity occurs because it is seen as right. • Conformity is due to internal, rather than
external forces.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 11
Chapter 8 / Slide 3
Social Influence in Organizations
• In many social settings, and especially in groups, people are highly dependent on others.
• This dependence sets the stage for influence to occur.
• Reliance on others for information about how to think, feel, and act.
• Information dependence gives others the opportunity to influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions via the signals they send to us.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 10
Internalization
• Conformity to a social norm prompted by true acceptance of the beliefs, values, and attitudes that underlie the norm.
Chapter 8 / Slide 9
Identification
• Conformity to a social norm prompted by perceptions that those who promote the norm are attractive or similar to oneself.
Social Influence in Action
• One of the most obvious consequences of information and effect dependence is the tendency for group members to conform to the social norms that have been established by the group.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 13
The Socialization Process
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 14
Organizational Socialization (continued)
• An important objective of organizational socialization is for newcomers to achieve a good fit.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8ization (P-O) fit refers to the match between an employee’s personal values and the values of an organization.
• P-J and P-O fit are strongly influenced by the socialization process and are related to job attitudes and behaviours.
• Information dependence is especially important.
• An imitation process is involved in which established members serve as models for the behaviour of others.
Person-Job and PersonOrganization Fit
• Person-job (P-J) fit refers to the match between an employee’s knowledge, skills, and abilities and the requirements of a job.
• Compliance is the simplest, most direct motive for conformity to group norms.
• It primarily involves effect dependence.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 7
Motives for Social Conformity
• The motives for social conformity vary across situations and can be classified as follows: – Compliance – Identification – Internalization
Chapter 8 / Slide 5
Effect Dependence
• Reliance on others due to their capacity to provide rewards and punishment.
• The group frequently has a vested interest in how individual members think and act.
Learning Objectives
5. Describe the main methods of socialization and how newcomers can be proactive in their socialization.
6. Define organizational culture and discuss the contributors to a culture.
• It is a learning process in which new members must acquire knowledge, change their attitudes, and perform new behaviours.
• It is the primary means by which organizations communicate the organization’s culture and values to new members.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 8
Compliance
• Conformity to a social norm prompted by the desire to acquire rewards or avoid punishment.
• Socialization methods influence immediate or proximal outcomes which lead to more distal or longer-term outcomes.
• Learning during socialization involves four main content areas or domains of learning: task, role, work group, and organization.
Chapter 8
Social Influence, Socialization, and Culture
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 1
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the difference between information dependence and effect dependence.
• Group members desire the approval of the group.
• These circumstances promote effect dependence.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 6
• The effects of social information can be very strong, often exerting as much or more influence over others as objective reality.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
4. Describe the implications of unrealistic expectations and the psychological contract for socialization.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 8 / Slide 2
7. Discuss the assets and liabilities of strong organizational cultures.
8. Describe how to diagnose an organizational culture.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Canada Inc.
2. Differentiate compliance, identification, and internalization as motives for social conformity.
3. Describe the socialization process and the stages of organizational socialization.