初中八年级英语下册 I’ve had this bike for three years Section A 2 (2)
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事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现 在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）
I have bought two apples． 我买了两个苹
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完 成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework．
It is four days since last Friday. 从上周五到现在已经四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (second…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
• 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动
作对现在造h成av的e影/ 响ha或s结+果V，过或去分从词过去开始一直延
续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情
况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990， l•a一st般S过un去da时y ：等一）般。过去时只表示过去的动作或状
如: I have bought this computer since four years ago. (×) I have had this computer since four years ago. (√) I haven’t bought anything for two months.(√ )
我刚才去邮局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
(3). Have (has) been to 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。
如：I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 (4). Have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示 到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人 不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。
我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？
5. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了 多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用；
inha2v0e0b4reakfast
IIs’tmillnliovtehhuenrgery now
past
now
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
和alreIadhya，vneejvuers,tevhera,jdusmt,byefborrea,yketf等as状t. 语(现在我不饿)
连2.过用去。已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
如： This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen.
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较 大： （1）for后须接“时间段”
He has studied English for five years. 他学英语5年了。 （2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999.
/be a member 组织机构, go there — be there, become — be,
get to/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away from, get to know — know, go (get) out —tie out， put on—wear, catch a cold —have a cold,
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换 leave — be away borrow — keep buy — have begin/start — be on die — be dead finish --- be over
get up—be up, come here — be here, join — be on +组织机构
2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since …
1. 现在完成时动词构成
have /has + v 过去分词
助动词
否定 haven’t hasn’t
疑问 Have you…? Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,
ever, never, before, several times
现在完成时
moved here
（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完 成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。
Unit 10
I’ve had this bike for three years.
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造
成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的 动作或结保构存：的主状语态+。have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the He’s owned it since his fourth
train and railway set?
birthday.
Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
如：
He has taught here since he came to China. 自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。
We have been friends since we met in school. 我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
（5）现在完成时常用句型： ①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或 从句
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years.
(2). Have (has) been to 意为“曾经去过某地”， 表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。 如：I’ve just been to the post office.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体
的过去时间。 ( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher _f_o_r___ a year. He has been at this school _s_in_c_e___ 1992.
例如： He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场) He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。 (说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。
Grammar Focus
How long have you had that bike over there?
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet?
sinWcee have learned 1,000 English words
_______ we came to this school.
B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
e.g. Have you _e_v_e_r_been to Japan? I have _j_u_s_t_ finished my homework. already I have finished my homework ____y_e_t . I haven’t finished my homework ____.
I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。
态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经 结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet 在用法和意思上有什么区别？ 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故
I have bought two apples． 我买了两个苹
在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完 成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如：I have already finished my homework．
It is four days since last Friday. 从上周五到现在已经四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (second…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。
3. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在 的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：
I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。
I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
• 现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动
作对现在造h成av的e影/ 响ha或s结+果V，过或去分从词过去开始一直延
续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情
况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：in 1990， l•a一st般S过un去da时y ：等一）般。过去时只表示过去的动作或状
如: I have bought this computer since four years ago. (×) I have had this computer since four years ago. (√) I haven’t bought anything for two months.(√ )
我刚才去邮局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
(3). Have (has) been to 后面可接次数， 表示去过某地几次。
如：I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 (4). Have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示 到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人 不在现场，一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。
我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal．他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？
5. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了 多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。
注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语 (如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等)连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等)连用；
inha2v0e0b4reakfast
IIs’tmillnliovtehhuenrgery now
past
now
1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
和alreIadhya，vneejvuers,tevhera,jdusmt,byefborrea,yketf等as状t. 语(现在我不饿)
连2.过用去。已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 常与for或since引起的一段时间状语连用。
如： This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen.
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较 大： （1）for后须接“时间段”
He has studied English for five years. 他学英语5年了。 （2）since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999.
/be a member 组织机构, go there — be there, become — be,
get to/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away from, get to know — know, go (get) out —tie out， put on—wear, catch a cold —have a cold,
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换 leave — be away borrow — keep buy — have begin/start — be on die — be dead finish --- be over
get up—be up, come here — be here, join — be on +组织机构
2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。
注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for …, since …
1. 现在完成时动词构成
have /has + v 过去分词
助动词
否定 haven’t hasn’t
疑问 Have you…? Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,
ever, never, before, several times
现在完成时
moved here
（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完 成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。
Unit 10
I’ve had this bike for three years.
现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造
成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的 动作或结保构存：的主状语态+。have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句： have / has … ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the He’s owned it since his fourth
train and railway set?
birthday.
Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
如：
He has taught here since he came to China. 自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。
We have been friends since we met in school. 我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
（5）现在完成时常用句型： ①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或 从句
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years.
(2). Have (has) been to 意为“曾经去过某地”， 表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。 如：I’ve just been to the post office.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语 A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体
的过去时间。 ( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher _f_o_r___ a year. He has been at this school _s_in_c_e___ 1992.
例如： He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场) He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。 (说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。
Grammar Focus
How long have you had that bike over there?
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。 Haven’t you read The Call of the Wild yet?
sinWcee have learned 1,000 English words
_______ we came to this school.
B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此 类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
e.g. Have you _e_v_e_r_been to Japan? I have _j_u_s_t_ finished my homework. already I have finished my homework ____y_e_t . I haven’t finished my homework ____.
I have lived here for three years. I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.
动词构成：have/has+v过去分词
2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。
1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。
态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经 结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet 在用法和意思上有什么区别？ 现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。
如：Have you read that story？你读过那个故