大学英语词汇学SECTIONCPPT教学课件

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词汇学PPT课件

词汇学PPT课件

Major Features of Words
1. A word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with out vocal equipment.
Major Features of Words
2. A word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else. In each language, sounds are used to represent objects, happenings, or ideas.
5. A word may consist of one or more morphemes. It can be broken down into smaller meaningful units.
Major Features of Words
6. Words are part of the large communication system we call language. A word is partly dependent for meaning upon its use in that larger context.
1. Definition of a Word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.(张维友)
Definition of a word
daydream
Mew-mew喵 喵
Naturalists
There is an intrinsic

英语词汇学第二章课件

英语词汇学第二章课件
• According to various degrees of similarity and their
geographical distribution, the surviving languages of Indo-European language family fall into 10 principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.
of English;
• Let students know the growth of contemporary
English vocabulary and the modes of vocabulary development
➢ Teaching focus:
• the Indo-European language family • three phases of the historical development • general characteristics of English • three sources of contemporary English vocabulary • modes of vocabulary development
➢ Russian俄罗斯语
2. Indo-Iranian印伊语族 ➢ Persian波斯语 ➢ Bengali 孟加拉语 ➢ Hindi 北印度语 ➢ Romany吉普赛语
3. Armenian亚美尼亚语族 ➢ Armenian
4. Albanian阿尔巴尼语族 ➢ Albanian
The Western Set
英语词汇学课程课件
课件名称:英语词汇的发展 制作人:寻阳、孙红梅 单位:曲阜师范大学外国语学院

英语词汇学教程 全套课件-精选文档

英语词汇学教程  全套课件-精选文档

How Much Do You Know About the English Vocabulary?



《牛津英语字典》所收英语单词是六十多 万个。 《韦伯斯特大词典》所收英语单词几乎达 到一百万之多。 现代英语词汇超过两百万个! 《汉语大字典》所收汉字五万六千个。与 英语相比,汉语的词汇量是非常小的。
8000-15000词汇量 (GRE词汇量) abrasion equivocate morbid belligerent fortuitous peccadillo coalesce immaculate procrastination divulge loquacious taciturn
龙之九子





Skill of memorizing new words






insomnia Anyone can suffer from insomnia, although such problems are more common among women, the ill, the elderly, smokers, and alcoholics. (if you suffer from insomnia, you are not able to sleep 失眠) In=not/somni=sleep Somnambulate=sleepwalking Somniloquence=sleeptalking In some nights awake
coherent gorgeous subvert
dilute heritage unprecedented
词汇测试
8000词汇量 (雅思、托福、专业8级词汇量) asymmetry epidemic simultaneously bilateral hectic variation centrifugal ingenuity perpetuate dismantle opaque paralysis

《英语词汇学第一章》PPT课件

《英语词汇学第一章》PPT课件
A morpheme may be represented by one syllable, lik e boy and child, or by two or more syllables, as in la· dy, cro·co·dile, etc.
• B. Allomorphs 词素变体 • A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. • 如:books, pigs, horses共同词素是什么? • 曲折词素-(e)s。 • 有三种不同发音:/-s, -z, -iz/
• An elusive notion • have has had ? • friend friends ?
• entry词条in a dictionary --- lexeme 词位 • word form 词形:词的不同形状 • lexical unit 词汇单位:一个词形跟一个意义的结合
• Definition: • A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
• 粘着词根大多源自希腊语或拉丁语,不能独立使用。
• 观察下面几个单词,找出共同词根: • revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid • 拉丁词根:vit-/viv-, 意思:life or live • 复兴,复活;维生素;十分重要的;生机勃勃的,活泼的;生动的
zable into smaller forms. • 词素是语言中最小的语音语义结合体。(P13)
• Q: What’s the difference between a “word” & a “morpheme”? • 词:能独立运用的、最小的语音语义结合体 • 词素:不一定能独立运用 • Example • 试分析:denationalization共有几个词素? • nation • nation+al • nation+al+ize • de-nation+al+ize • de-nation-al-iz-ation 使非国有化,使私营化

词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT

词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT

1.4 Sound and Form

Task 1 Say the following words by yourself.
cough
thought
though
thorough
tough
through
Question: why is there the disparity?


The international reason Changes Borrowings
1.3 Sound and Meaning

In how many languages do you know the name of the animal in this picture?

Task 1 Say the name of the animal in
as many languages as you can.
content words and which are functional words? denote never and run notion upon seven Christmas have would
1.5.3 Native words & borrowed words
Task

Guess whether the statements are true or false.
non-basic vocabulary
Not all the words of the basic word stock have these features.

Non-basic vocabulary include:

Terminology 专业术语 Jargon 行话 Slang 俚语 Argot 隐语 Dialectal words 方言词 Archaisms 古词语 Neologisms 新词语

英语词汇学授课课件 PPT

英语词汇学授课课件 PPT
❖ 2. synonyms and idioms
B: rapid growth of present-day English Vocabulary and Its causes
❖ Neologisms(新词) after World War II ❖ Reasons: ❖ 1. progress of science and technology科技
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法), but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
Bloomfield布洛姆菲尔德(美国语言学家教育 家) and ❖ a French linguist, Antoine Meillet(梅耶,法 国语言学家)
Bloomfield
❖ “some linguistic forms(语言形态), which we call bound forms(限定/非自由形态) are never used as sentences.
invaded by Angles盎格鲁, Saxons撒克逊, Jutes朱特人
❖ Vocabulary: 5000-6000 words,chiefly Anglo-Saxon/ some Old Norse古斯堪的那维 亚语
❖ Old Norse words (are, they, their, them, till, call, die, give, take, skin, window, ill, weak)

1英语词汇概说ppt课件

1英语词汇概说ppt课件
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பைடு நூலகம்
实义词表示明确的含义或概念,它包括名 词(noun)、动词(verb)、形容词(adjective)、 副词(adverd)、数词(numeral)等。它表示 物体、现象、动作、品质、状态、程度和 数量等。实义词构成了英语词汇的绝大部 分,数量极大。
Content words (notional words) denote clear notions, including: nouns, verbs, ajectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree and quantity.
基本词汇包括七个部分:(1)术语 (terminology);(2)行话(jargon);(3) 俚语(slang);(4)隐语或黑话(argot); (5)方言(dialectal words);(6)古语 (archaisms)和 (7)新语(neologism)
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(二)根据词的功能,英语词汇可以分 为实义词(content words)即“实词” 和功能词(function words)即“虚词”。
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词汇学 (lexicology) 是语言学 (linguistics) 的一个分支,它研究词的起源和意义。
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.
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英语词汇学(English lexicology)旨在研究英 语词汇的形态结构、语义结构、语义关系、历 史演变以及词的构成和用法等。这是一门理论 课。

英语专业本科词汇学教师ppt课件Cha

英语专业本科词汇学教师ppt课件Cha

Байду номын сангаас
Old English was a highly inflected language. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs had complex endings or vowel changes marking distinction of number, case and of gender.
(ME) And he seide, A man hadde twei sones: 12 and the ʒonger of hem seide to the fadir. Fadir. Ʒyue me the porcioun of catel. that fallith to me. And he departide to hem the catel. 13 And not aftir many daies. whanne alle thingis weren gederid togider, the ʒonger sone wente forth in pilgrymage in to a fer countre; and there he wastide hise goodis in lyuynge lecherously.
Modern English (1500—1700: Early; 1700—the present: Late): Sources of the new words: Latin and Greek (Renainssance): Latin (scientific and abstract words), chemist, scientific, vacuum, theory, education, exist; Greek (literary, technical and scientific words), drama, comedy, tragedy, physics Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Rumanian and others developed from Latin 罗曼语;拉丁语系诸语言): French, café; Italian, concert, piano, balcony; Spanish, cargo, cigar, cocoa; Portuguese, pagoda Other European languages: German, nickel, zinc; Dutch, freight; Russian, vodka, tsar Non-European languages: Australian, boomerang, kangaroo; Arabic, sugar, alcohol; Chinese, loquat; Japanese, kimono; African, zebra

词汇学及相关学科.ppt

词汇学及相关学科.ppt
Grammatical knowledge allows us to generate sentences.
If we want to express meanings, we need to have a store of words that we can select from when we wish to express these meanings under the control of grammatical rules.
What is linguistics then? Linguistics is the scientific study of
languages.
Lecture 1
Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics
语言学的主要内容
A /bull-ˋcalf is a young bull.
2. With grammar
Vocabulary and grammar are organically related to one another.
In learning a language, attention to grammar is as important as attention to vocabulary.
语义学(semantics),分析语言单位和所指内 容之间的关系。
语用学(pragmatics),分析语言符号和使用者之 间的关系,如何通过语言符号表达语言符号所 表达的以及语言符号之外的意义。
The nature and domain of lexicology
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins, meaning and uses of words.

大学英语词汇学SECTION C

大学英语词汇学SECTION C
Morpheme
• What is a morpheme? ? It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素是最小的有意义的单位。 语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小 的构词单位
3.4 Root, stem, base词根、词干、词基 base词根 词干、 词根、
A root is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.
派生语素附着于其它语素可派生出新词。 派生语素附着于其它语素可派生出新词。英语中 派生词和合成词都是由这样的语素构成的。 派生词和合成词都是由这样的语素构成的。
• Inflectional morphemes indicate the syntactic relationships between words and function as grammatical markers. Inflectional morphemes are confined to suffixes.
• A base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind (both derivational and inflectional) can be added. It can be a root or a stem. • 词基是任何一种词缀都可加在上面的形式。 词基是任何一种词缀都可加在上面的形式。

英语词汇学chapter

英语词汇学chapter

The basic vocabulary is consistently updated and expanded as new words and expressions enter the language through changes in culture, technology, and society
• The Changes and Development of English Vocabulary
目录
• Introduction to English Lexicology
• The Composition of English Vocabulary
• The semantic relationship of English vocabulary
Middle stage: During the Middle Ages, schools begin to pay attention to the morphology and semantic changes of words, and compiled a large number of dictionaries and glossaries
Characteristics
English Lexicology is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the dynamics and complex nature of vocabulary It involves the study of word formation processes, semantic changes, and the use of words in context
Modern stage: With the development of linguistics in the 19th century, scholars have been systematically studying the structure and function of the English vocabulary from a linguistic perspective Since then, English Lexicology has gradually become an independent discipline

词汇学PPT

词汇学PPT

文化及活动:
观看flash动画《梁祝》带领学生理解中国传统故事,讲解一些容易理解的 文化传统。 In ancient China, girls cannot study in the school. So she disguised as a boy. Their family didn’t allow them marry, because they were not at the same status in social relationship. In ancient Chinese, when lovers want to get marry, they must be in the same social status. But now it is not the rules.
生词含义:
在: (Prep) at;in;on 如:在家,在学院,在这儿。后面一般接表示地 点场所的名词。 the meaning of zai is at;in and on, 在的意思是at;in; on,for example, we are now in the classroom. 光盘:(N) CD 如:一张光盘
书:(N)book 报:(N)newspaper 本子:(N)notebook
那儿:(Pr)there 如:去那儿 在那儿 到那儿
梁祝:(PN)name of a Chinese violin concertor let me show you the music. it also a very famous love story in china. Do you want to know about this story? Let’s watch a flash latter。

英语词汇学教程 全套课件-精选文档

英语词汇学教程  全套课件-精选文档
长子,赑屃/囚牛 次子,螭吻 三子,蒲牢 四子,狴犴 五子,饕餮 六子,蚆嗄 七子,睚眦 八子,狻猊/负屃 九子,椒图 /貔貅





龙之九子
长子,赑屃(bìxì ) /囚牛(qiúniú) 次子,螭吻(chīwěn) 三子,蒲牢( púláo) 四子,狴犴(bìàn) 五子,饕餮(tāo tiè) 六子,蚆嗄(bā xià) 七子,睚眦(yá zì ) 八子,狻猊( suān ní )/负屃(fù xì ) 九子,椒图( jiāotú)/貔貅( pí xiū)
Biblioteka 莎士比亚大约掌握24000个词。 丘吉尔能使用90000个词。 一个受过高等教育的英国人一般能掌握 25000词以上。 美国大学对外国学生的英语要求是掌握 4000词。 学会常用的5000个词,就能理解97%左 右的内容。



大学英语四级(CET-4)词汇量4500 大学英语六级(CET-6)词汇量5500 英语专业四级(TEM-4)词汇量6000 英语专业八级(TEM-8)词汇量8000 托福 (TOEFL)词汇量7500 雅思 (IELTS) 词汇量8000 研究生入学考试 (GRE)词汇量12000 你的词汇量……?
Skill of memorizing new words


charisma Chairman Mao revealed his charisma to the whole world. (a natural ability and personality to attract and interest other people and make them admire you领袖魅力/气质/风采)
8000-15000词汇量 (GRE词汇量) abrasion equivocate morbid belligerent fortuitous peccadillo coalesce immaculate procrastination divulge loquacious taciturn

英语词汇学教程 全套课件-精选文档

英语词汇学教程  全套课件-精选文档

Unit 1 英语词汇概说
1.1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology

What is language?

Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information.
没有语法,人们可以表达的事物寥寥无几; 而没有词汇,人们则无法表达任何事物。 ---英国语言学家威尔金斯(Wilkins)
《英语词汇学教程》 A Survey of English Lexicology


理论指导:现代英语语言。 研究对象:英语词汇。 学习内容:单词的结构、构词法、单词的意义及 词义关系、英语词汇的构成、词义的历史演变、 成语及词典知识。 学习目标:1.比较系统地掌握英语词汇的知识; 2.比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变 过程;3.能对现代英语词汇发展的趋势和所出现 的现象作出分析和解释,提高运用英语的能力。
英谷物不是干货heartman换心人不是有心人maddoctor精神病科医生不是发疯的医生eleventhhour最后时刻不是十一点blinddate由第三者安排的男女初次会面并非盲目约会或瞎约会personalremark人身攻击不是个人评论sweetwater淡水不是糖水或甜水confidenceman骗子不是信得过的人criminallawyer刑事律师不是犯罪的律师servicestation加油站不是服务站restroom厕所不是休息室dressingroom化妆室不是试衣室或更衣室horsesense常识不是马的感觉capitalidea好主意不是资本主义思想familiartalk庸俗的交谈不是熟悉的谈话blacktea红茶不是黑茶blackart妖术不是黑色艺术blackstranger完全陌生的人不是陌生的黑人whitecoal作动力来源用的水不是白煤whiteman忠实可靠的人不是皮肤白的人yellowbook黄皮书法国政府报告书以黄纸为封不是黄色书籍redtape官僚习气不是红色带子greenhand新手不是绿手bluestocking女学者女才子不是蓝色长统袜chinapolicy对华政策不是中国政策chinesedragon麒麟不是中国龙americanbeauty一种玫瑰名为美国丽人不是美国美女englishdisease软骨病不是英国病indiansummer愉快宁静的晚年不是印度的夏日greekgift害人的礼品不是希腊礼物spanishathlete吹牛的人不是西班牙运动员fren Much Do You Know About the English Vocabulary?

《词汇学》英文版课件Chapter 1 English Lexicology--Introduction

《词汇学》英文版课件Chapter 1 English Lexicology--Introduction

Teaching focus:
1.1 What Is a Word
a minimal free form of a language a sound unit a unit of meaning a form that can function alone in a sentence “A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function”. 词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能,能独 立运用的最小的语言单位。
Morphology studies the structures or forms of words through the use of morpheme construct Etymology studies the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. Semantics studies the meanings of words and sense relations: polysemy,homonymy,synonymy,antonomy, hyponmy, and semantic field
• 1.2 Sound and Meaning • There is no logical or intrinsic connection between a sound and what it refers to. The relation between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary or conventional. The same language can use the same sound to mean different things and the different languages use different sounds to refer to the same thing.
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3.3 Classifications of morphemes
• Free vs. bound morphemes in terms of their capacity of occurring alone
• Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes applying to affixes only
Section C Word Formation I
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➢ Objectives:
– Discuss morphemes, their classification and identification; – Explain the relationship between morphemes and word-
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3.1 Morpheme
• What is a morpheme? It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小 的构词单位
• 自由语素都是词根, 也叫自由词根, 能用作词或作 为构成新词的构词要素。
• Bound morphemes consist of either roots (bound roots) or affixes.
• 粘着语素包括词根(粘着词根)和词缀。
• E.g., bound root: -dict-, -ced-
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Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes 派生语素与屈折语素
• What are derivational and inflectional morphemes?
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12Байду номын сангаас
➢ Derivational morphemes are used to derive new words when they are added to another morpheme. In English derivatives and compounds are all formed by such morphemes.
formation
➢ Teaching focus:
– Definition of morphemes – Definition of allomorphs – Types of morphemes
free morpheme bound morpheme
– Definitions of root, stem and base
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3.2 Morph and allomorph
➢The definition of morphs:
The phonetic or orthographic strings or segments which realize morphemes are termed ‘morphs’. 语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。
• 语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。
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For example
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When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog, and horse, it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z,
-iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the three forms are just the variants of the same morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme {s}.
• 粘着语素不能独立成词,只能依附于其他语素上 以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。
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• Free morphemes are all roots /free roots, which are capable of being used as words or as wordbuilding elements to form new words.
➢ 自由语素是能独立运用的语素,它有完整的意 义,在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。
➢ E.g., man, wind, open, tour
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• Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function.
Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. 形素是口语中最小的意义载体。
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What is an allomorph?
• An allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme.
affix: -ion, -ist, -ic
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A multitude of words made up of merely bound morphemes, eg: ante-ced-ent. ➢-ced- 是词根,‘接近’, ➢ante- 是前缀,‘在…前’, ➢-ent 是后缀,‘人,物’,
• Content / lexical vs. grammatical morpheme on a semantic and syntactic basis
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Free vs. bound morphemes 自由语素与粘着语素
➢ Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.
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