大学英语四级模拟试卷275(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级模拟试卷275(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 8. Translation
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about foreign fast food. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below 1. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的现象 2. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的原因3. 洋快餐存在的问题
正确答案：Foreign Fast Food Foreign fast food, like KFC and McDonald, is very popular nowadays. It is food that has already been prepared, such as hamburgers, fried chicken and potato chips. With the fast living pace, foreign fast food, which is easy to get and eat, becomes more and more welcome among people. People like to buy foreign fast food because of its convenience. It saves people time and energy. You can either eat it in the restaurant or take the food out and eat it at home, at work, or in a park. What’s more, its taste is different from that of traditional Chinese food. So it is particularly popular among the children. However, the foreign fast food has some disadvantages. It is more expensive than the Chinese fast food and it has less nutritive value than Chinese food. Those who eat foreign fast food frequently ate more likely to suffer from stomach troubles and easy to put on weight. So it’s better for people to eat less fast food in order to keep healthy.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
Rain forests Did you know there are two types of Rainforest-the temperate and the tropical? Tropical rainforests are found close to the equator. Temperate rainforests are found along coasts in the temperate zone, such as the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Both are endangered! Rainforests Endangered! Today only about three percent of the original temperate rainforest in the U. S. A. remains, mostly inside Olympic National Park in Washington State. Prior to the arrival of homesteaders just over a century ago, the Olympic Peninsula contained more than a million acres of old-growth spruce and hemlock. Because of habitat destruction, many plants and animals have become “island dwellers” inside the park now. Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the world’s tropical forests and only 20% of the world’s total
forests. They cover 6%-7% of the Earth’s land surface. Half of the world’s plant and animal species live in the tropical rainforests of the world. Thirty acres of trees are cut in the tropical rainforests every minute. As you read this, tropical rainforests are shrinking. Each second a portion of rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed or damaged. What Makes the Tropical Rainforest Special? The rainforests are home to half of the Earth’s plant and animal species. They are winter homes to many birds that breed in temperate latitudes. Tropical rainforests are some of the most beautiful wildernesses on our planet. They are home to tribal cultures that have survived successfully in the forests for many thousands of years. The forests are a potential source of medicinal plants that may benefit everyone on Earth. The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals. This is both the forest’s strength and its weakness: highly specialized organisms are particularly vulnerable to disturbance, because they cannot adapt fast enough to survive the change. Tropical rainforests help maintain global rain and weather patterns. Much of the water that evaporates from the trees returns in the form of rainfall. Removal of the forest can change the natural rainfall patterns. Tropical Rainforest Layers Tropical rainforests have four layers: Emergent Layer These giant trees thrust above the dense canopy layer(树冠层) and have huge mushroom-shaped crowns. These trees enjoy the greatest amount of sunlight but also must endure high temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds. Canopy Layer The broad, irregular crowns of these trees form a tight, continuous canopy 60 to 90 feet above the ground. The branches are often densely covered with other plants (epiphytes) and tied together with vines (lianas). The canopy is home to 90% of the organisms found in the rain forest; many seeking the brighter light in the treetops. Understory Receiving only 2%-15% of the sunlight that falls on the canopy, the understory is a dark place. It is relatively open and contains young trees and leafy herbaceous plants that tolerate low light. Many popular house plants come from this layer. Only along rivers and roadways and in tree fall and cut areas is sunlight sufficient to allow growth to become thick and impenetrable Forest Floor The forest floor receives less than 2% of the sunlight and consequently, little grows here except plants adapted to very low light. On the floor is a thin layer of fallen leaves, seeds, fruits, and branches that very quickly decomposes. Only a thin layer of decaying organic matter is found, unlike in temperate deciduous(落叶性的) forests. Soil and Nutrient Recycling Most tropical rainforest soils are relatively poor in nutrients. Millions of years of weathering and torrential rains have washed most of the nutrients out of the soil. More recent volcanic soils, however, can be very fertile. Tropical rain forest soils contain less organic matter than temperate forests and most of the available nutrients are found in the living plant and animal material. Nutrients in the soil are often in forms that are not accessible by plants.Constant warmth and moisture promote rapid decay of organic matter. When a tree dies in the rainforest, living organisms quickly absorb the nutrients before they have a chance to be washed away. When tropical forests are cut and burned, heavy rains can quickly wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more impoverished. Causes of Destruction Tropical rainforests are being cut at an alarming rate. Although
estimates vary, some scientists believe that we are losing an area of rainforest the size of Pennsylvania each year. If deforestation continues at this rate we may lose rainforests altogether within the next one hundred years. Tropical deforestation occurs for a number of reasons. As human populations increase in tropical regions, people move away from the overcrowded cities into the forest areas where they practice small-scale farming. Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may cause more permanent damage. Logging of forests for firewood, charcoal, building materials, and other wood products is another cause of deforestation. The conversion of rainforest to pasture land for cattle ranching has led to the destruction of millions of acres of forest. Mining for gold, bauxite from which aluminum is made, and other minerals can lead to the drastic destruction of the land. Once the land is scarred by mining efforts it is left vulnerable to massive erosion. Other events and issues such as natural disasters, war, the construction of dams, and poverty in developing countries also contribute to the destruction of tropical rainforests.What Can You Do to Help Save the Tropical Rainforest? Preserving tropical rainforests involves more than just deciding not to cut trees. Social, political and economic factors all need to be taken into consideration. The following are some suggestions about how you can contribute to the solution. Learn more about tropical rainforests and the plants and animals, including people, which live there. Investigate the complex issues surrounding deforestation and possible solutions through further reading. Write letters to your congressional representatives or your local paper to express concern about the destruction of the tropical rainforests. The more you know about the topic and issues, the more specific you can be in suggesting actions you would like your elected officials to take. Visit tropical countries to see the rainforest. Gaining firsthand experience is one of the best ways to develop an understanding of and commitment to an issue. Work to protect tropical rainforests and their indigenous peoples. Think globally and act locally. Practices at home, like the ones listed below, can have an impact on the preservation of rainforests. Recycling aluminum cans reduces the need for bauxite, which must be mined from the ground in tropical countries. Bauxite is the source of aluminum. Buy only pets which were captive bred here in the United States. Those which were not bred here may have been taken from the wild and imported illegally from tropical countries. When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in a sustainable manner. In all things you do, practice the environmentally sound use and reuse of our resources. This will not only have a positive impact on the tropical rainforest but on all the ecosystems of the world.
2．The passage gives a general description of the tropical rainforests.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：通过快速浏览(scan)文章中的几个黑体字标题，便可得知本文概括性地描绘了热带雨林的情况，故答案为Yes。

3．Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the world’s tropical forests and only 20% of the world’s total forests.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：在文章的“Rainforests Endangered!”一段中指出“Tropical rainforests comprise only 40% of the world’s tropical forests and only 20% of the world’s total forests”：“热带雨林只占世界热带森林面积的40%，占世界森林总面积的20%”。

故答案为Yes。

4．The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：A
解析：在文章的“What Makes the Tropical Rainforest Special?”一段中指出“The ecosystem of the rainforest is based on the most complex interdependence of plants and animals”：“(热带)雨林的生态系统是建立在动植物的最复杂的相互依存之上的”。

故答案为Yes。

5．The rainforests are home to one-third of the Earth’s plant and animal species.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：在文章的“What Makes the Tropical Rainforest Special?”一段中指出“The rainforests are home to half of the Earth’s plant and animal species”：“热带雨林是地球上一半的动植物物种的家园”。

故答案为No。

6．The giant trees above the dense canopy layer(树冠层) cannot enjoy sunlight.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：在文章的“Emergent Layer”一段中说道；“These giant trees thrust above the dense canopy layer(树冠层)and have huge mushroom-shaped crowns．These trees enjoy the greatest amount of sunlight but also must endure high temperatures，low humidity，and strong winds。

”从中得知，树冠层之上的这些大树是可以充分享受到阳光的。

故答案为No。

7．When people cut and burn tropical forests, heavy rains can wash the released nutrients away, leaving the soil even more fertile.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：B
解析：在文章的“Soil and Nutrient Recycling”一段中说道：“When tropical forests are cut and burned，heavy rains can quickly wash the released nutrients away，leaving the soil even more impoverished．”从中得知，大雨把营养冲走后，土壤会变得更加贫瘠而不是更加肥沃。

故答案为No。

8．Tropical rain forest soils contain less volcanic soils than temperate forests.
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
正确答案：C
解析：在文章的“Soil and Nutrient Recycling”一段中说道：“More recent volcanic soils，however，can be very fertile．Tropical rain forest soils contain less organic matter than temperate forests and most of the available nutrients are found in the living plant and animal material．”从中得知，热带雨林土壤中含有的有机物比温带森林中少，但没有提到火山灰是其原因。

故答案为NG。

9．Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may cause______.
正确答案：more permanent damage.
解析：在文章的“Causes of Destruction”一段中说道：“Commercial agricultural projects may require conversion of large plots of rainforest land and may cause more permanent damage．从而得出答案为：more permanent damage。

10．When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction, investigate the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in______.
正确答案：a sustainable manner.
解析：在文章的“What Can You Do to Help Save the Tropical Rainforest?”一段中说道：“When purchasing tropical woods for furniture or construction，investigate
the source of the wood to determine whether it was grown in a sustainable manner．”从而得出答案为：a sustainable manner。

11．To preserve tropical rainforests, social, political and economic factors all need to be______.
正确答案：taken into consideration.
解析：在文章的“What Can You Do to Help Save the Tropical Rainforest?”一段中说道：“Preserving tropical rainforests involves more than just deciding not to cut trees．Social，political and economic factors all need to be taken into consideration．”从而得出答案为：taken into consideration。

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
听力原文：M: I’d like to get my sister a nice practical gift for her birthday.W: Well, how does a hairdryer sound?Q: What does the woman mean?
12．
A．She thinks a hair dryer is a good gift.
B．She wants to know what’s making all the noise.
C．She isn’t stare how practical the man’s gift is.
D．She can’t hear anything when the hair dryer is on.
正确答案：A
听力原文：M: I’m getting absolutely nowhere with these physics problems.W: How about my going through them with you?Q: What does the woman mean?
13．
A．It would do him good to go out for a while.
B．He ought to do the first ten problems again.
C．She could help him with the problems.
D．He should be finished with the problems by two.
正确答案：C
听力原文：W: You’ve already famished your apartment?M: I’ve found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.Q: What does the man mean?
14．
A．The apartment was very dirty.
B．He had his old furniture cleaned.
C．He found an apart with a big yard.
D．The furniture was very inexpensive.
正确答案：D
听力原文：W: Do you ever think of changing your major to art?M: Every once in a while.Q: Whet does the man mean?
15．
A．He sometimes considers changing majors.
B．Most people frequently change their minds.
C．He rearranged his artwork a while ago.
D．Everyone’s inside for a short time.
正确答案：A
听力原文：W: Can you make me a cabinet four feet high and three feet wide?M: Sure, how many shelves do you need?Q: What most probably is the man’s occupation?
16．
A．Teacher.
B．Taxi driver.
C．Carpenter.
D．Shoemaker.
正确答案：C
听力原文：M: When is Jack going to finish writing that paper?W: I don’t know. He’s been working on it day in and day out.Q: What does the woman say about Jack?
17．
A．He’s been in the program for several days.
B．He is working hard on the program.
C．He works only during the day.
D．He will probably never finish.
正确答案：B
听力原文：M: The winters here are usually mild.W: Usually. But I think this year would be different.Q: What does the woman imply about this winter?
18．
A．It won’t be any different from the others.
B．It will be unusually mild.
C．It won’t affect the hunters.
D．It will probably be cold.
正确答案：D
听力原文：M: What shall we have for lunch?W: Is there any chicken soup left?Q: What does the woman mean?
19．
A．She would like some soup.
B．She’s inviting the man to lunch.
C．She wants to know if the man likes chicken.
D．She ate lunch earlier.
正确答案：A
听力原文：M: Excuse me. My watch stopped running and I’m not sure what’s wrong with it.W: Well, let me look at it.M: OK. It’s a new watch. I’ve only had it for about a year.W: Hmm. It seems that it just needs a new battery. They only last about a year, you know.M: Oh, that’s a relief. I was hoping it wasn’t broken or something. In fact, last week I got some water on it and I was afraid that the water might have mined it. How much is a new battery?W: It’s six ninety-nine plus tax.M: Oh dear, that seems like a lot. 1 thought my friend said she paid about three ninety-nine for a battery.W: Well, she may have. But we’re a watch repair shop and we install your battery and then guarantee it for a year. If you have the watch cleaned here we guarantee it for an additional three months.M: Well, I guess you get what you pay for. I’ll get my battery here. How long will it take to put it in?W: Usually I can do it right away, but right now I’m way behind in my repair of a large shipment of watches. They all need to be fixed by this afternoon. Can you leave your watch here until about 5 P.M. ?M: Oh dear. I’m afraid I can’t. I need to get back and I have to work this evening. So I couldn’t pick it up by five. And I have to have it by tomorrow.W: Well, then maybe I can just squeeze it in now. It’ll only take a few minutes. Can you wait?M: OK. I’d really appreciate that. Sure, I’ll wait.W: OK. Just sit down over there. I’ll have it fixed in a few minutes.
20．
A．It needs cleaning.
B．It needs regular servicing.
C．It needs a new battery.
D．It was mined by water.
正确答案：C
21．
A．$3.99.
B．$5.50.
C．$6.99.
D．$9.50.
正确答案：A
22．
A．The shop guarantees the battery for a year.
B．The man will clean it at no extra charge.
C．The man can repair watches very quickly.
D．The shop is offering a special discount.
正确答案：A
听力原文：Let me tell you a story about Bert and Mildred Bumbridge, who used to be very forgetful. For example, Mildred would forget to cook dinner, or Bert would show up for work on Sunday thinking it was Monday. One summer they were to take a long plane trip. What do you suppose happened? Well, they got to the airport with only ten minutes to spare. So time was short. In that situation anyone would board the plane right away. But not Mr. And Mrs. Bumbridge. They just had to buy some flight insurance first. After all, who knows what will happen on a plane flight? They quickly put some coins into a machine and out crone their insurance policy. “Who would get the motley ff we crash, I wonder?” asked Mildred. “My mother, of course.”her husband replied. “We’ll mail the policy to her. Now quick, give me a stamp, will you?” he said. “The plane’s going to take off in another minute.” Bert put the stamp on the envelope, dropped it in the mail box, and suddenly let out a cry. What happened, do you suppose? He had mailed their plane rickets to his mother!
23．
A．They were always short of time.
B．They were very forgetful.
C．They were very frightened of flying.
D．They often suffer from airsickness.
正确答案：B
24．
A．A stamp.
B．An envelope.
C．Two tickets.
D．Some flight insurance.
正确答案：D
25．
A．He had to do everything in a great rush.
B．It was his first flight, and he was very worried about it.
C．He had forgotten to bring a stamp for his mother’s letter.
D．He was very worried about his mother.
正确答案：A
听力原文：Do you find yourself feeling fired all the time although you get enough sleep? Then maybe this is for you. When you’re feeling weak and fired, the worst thing to do is to take a nap. It won’t restore your stamina. On the contrary, what happens then is your body loses even more energy than it had before, making you even sleepier. You may also have these poor habits that worsen the problems. Do you stay in the same small area without getting up to move around? Does your job require that you sit dawn the whole day in front of a computer? Any or all of these reasons might be the cause of your energy loss, keeping your energy level low. What should you do, then, at those moments when you feel so tired even though you’ve got enough sleep? A cup of coffee won’t help much either, as it is easy to get addicted to the caffeine. The best and most natural thing to do is to take a brisk walk. Doctors recommend the activity because it will increase the heart rate. This increased heart rate will lead to several hours of alertness. Moreover, a regular exercise routine can make your fatigue problems disappear forever.
26．
A．Your heart rate increases.
B．You become even more tired.
C．You solve the fatigue problem.
D．You’ll get hungry.
正确答案：B
听力原文：M: I say, aren’t you Gloria Partridge? We were at school together, I think.W: I’m Gloria Partridge all right. But who are you?M: Don’t you remember me? I’m Dennis Nightingale. I’m the fellow who sat at the back and always gave the wrong answers.W: Now I remember you. You were captain of the school football team.M: But this is really a surprise. It must he five years since we last met in London, wasn’t it? And now to nm into each other in Paris! DO you come here often?W: It’s my first visiting, I’m on my honeymoon. Meet my husband, Forest.M: So you are married. How very nice to meet you, Forest! Is it your first visit to Paris, too?W: Forest speakers no English. He comes from a small Italian village.M: Don’t tell me that you went wandering around small Italian villages before you made the acquaintance of Forest.W: We met in London. Forest was at a language school there.M: And how much Italian do you speak? As far as I remember, you weren’t particularly good at languages at school.W: Not a word.M: So you don’t speak Italian and Forest doesn’t speak English. How on earth did you manage to get married?W: Looking back, I’ve no idea. But at least we haven’t quarreled yet.
27．
A．Husband and wife.
B．Old classmates.
C．Desk mates.
D．Members of the school football team.
正确答案：B
28．
A．He is a language teacher in London.
B．He is an Italian.
C．He is a tourist giving his first visit to an Italian village.
D．He is a Parisian.
正确答案：B
29．
A．In London.
B．In Paris.
C．In a small Italian village.
D．In a school five years ago.
正确答案：A
30．
A．Forest speaks no English.
B．Gloria was poor in remembering things.
C．They cannot communicate in one language.
D．They were lest in Paris.
正确答案：C
听力原文：Electronic Commerce or e-commerce refers to the exchange of goods and services by means of the Internet or other computer networks. E-commerce follows the same basic principles as traditional commerce-that is, buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods for money. But rather than conducting business in the traditional way-in mores or through mail order catalogs and telephone operators-in e-commerce buyers and sellers do business over networked computers. E-commerce offers buyers convenience. They can visit the World Wide Web sites of multiple sellers 24 hours a day and seven days a week to compare prices and make purchases, without having to leave their hones or offices. In some eases, consumers can immediately obtain a product or service, such as an electronic book, a music file, or computer software, by downloading it over the Internet. For sellers, e-commerce offers a way to cut costs and’ expand their markets. They do not need to
build staff, or maintain a store or print and distribute mall order catalogs. Because they sell over the global Internet, sellers have the potential to market their products or services globally and are not limited by the physical location of a store. E-commerce also has some disadvantages, however. Consumers are reluctant to buy some products online. Online furniture businesses, for example, have failed for the most part because customers want to test the comfort of an expensive item such as a sofa before they purchase it. Many people also consider shopping a social experience. For instance, they may enjoy going to a store or a shopping mall with friends or family. Consumers also need to be reassured that credit card transactions are secure and that their privacy is being respected.
31．
A．Do business in stores.
B．Do business over networked computers.
C．Buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods for money.
D．Do business through mall order catalogs and telephone operators.
正确答案：C
32．
A．Consumers can compare prices and make purchases without leaving their homes.
B．E-commerce offers buyers convenience.
C．Consumers can immediately obtain, a product or service.
D．Consumers can test the comfort of an expensive item.
正确答案：D
33．
A．Sellers can reassure the consumers that credit card transactions are secure.
B．Sellers do not need to build staff.
C．Sellers can easily market their products or services globally.
D．Sellers do not need to maintain a store or print and distribute mail order catalogs.
正确答案：A
34．
A．Customers can test the comfort of an expensive item.
B．Consumers are reluctant to buy some products online.
C．Customers can enjoy going to a store or a shopping mall with friends or family.
D．Consumers are reassured that their privacy is respected.
正确答案：B
Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the Suicide has been a cause of【B1】______in mast societies for a long time. The【B2】______Greeks, for example, required people who wanted to kill themselves to get【B3】______. from the senate. While this law is not without humor by today’s 【B4】______, it clearly shows an【B5】______of the problem in times gone by. In today’s society, suicide is much more【B6】______than we want to admit. Why do people try to take their own lives? The【B7】______for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath, the need for attention, stress, and so on. However, the qualities of a person who wants to take his own life change from person to person, making it difficult to describe the【B8】______victim.【B9】______. In the United States, a network of centers has been created to attempt to prevent suicides.【B10】______. These workers often advice to the callers, trying to help the callers to see that suicide as a solution to problems is an illusion.【B11】______. So, in the area of man helping his fellow man, they are certainly a success.
35．【B1】
正确答案：concern
36．【B2】
正确答案：classical
37．【B3】
正确答案：permission
38．【B4】
正确答案：standards
39．【B5】
正确答案：awareness
40．【B6】
正确答案：prevalent
41．【B7】
正确答案：motives
42．【B8】
正确答案：typical
43．【B9】
正确答案：To make the problem even more complicated, people will often hide their true feelings, thus this causes their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious
44．【B10】
正确答案：People who are bitter, worried, or depressed are encouraged to contact workers at these centers.
45．【B11】
正确答案：They have helped a lot of people with wide variety of problems.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
By 2003 an estimated 42 million people were infected【S1】______and more than 20 million people had died of AIDS. A United Nations report presented in 2002【S2】______that unless prevention programs were greatly expanded, AIDS would claim an【S3】______68 million lives by 2020. Sub Saharan Africa has been the region hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS pandemic; more than two-thirds of all people with HIV/AIDS are in this region. In the United States, an【S4】______900,000 people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2002. HIV is spread through contact with【S5】______body fluids such as blood and semen. Infected people may harbor the virus within their bodies for several years or even longer before developing symptoms of。