高中高一英语定语从句语法复习
定语从句高一知识点总结
定语从句高一知识点总结定语从句是高中英语中一个重要的语法知识点。
它能够为主句提供修饰成分,使得句子更加准确、丰富。
下面是对定语从句的高中英语知识点总结:一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一个句子,用来修饰一个名词或代词。
它提供了更多的描述和信息,以使主句更加明确。
定语从句可以用来修饰人或物,而且在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语。
二、定语从句的引导词1.关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that2.关系副词:when, where, why三、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
四、关系代词的用法和例句1.用who或that代替修饰人的名词,作为定语从句的主语。
例句:The boy who is reading in the library is my brother.2.用whom或that代替修饰人的名词,作为定语从句的宾语。
例句:The girl whom you met yesterday is my best friend.3.用which或that代替修饰物的名词,作为定语从句的主语或宾语。
例句:The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.4.用whose表示所修饰名词的所有关系。
例句:The man whose car was stolen reported it to the police.五、关系副词的用法和例句1.用when表示时间,修饰修饰时间的名词,作为定语从句的状语。
例句:Yesterday was the day when we won the championship.2.用where表示地点,修饰修饰地点的名词,作为定语从句的状语。
例句:Do you remember the place where we had our first date?3.用why表示原因,修饰修饰原因的名词,作为定语从句的状语。
高一英语定语从句考点汇总,高一英语学习有方法
高一英语定语从句考点汇总,高一英语学习有方法定语从句作为英语语法,在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分,也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大,屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志!接下来小编为大家整理了高一英语学习的内容,一起来看看吧!高一英语定语从句考点汇总概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。
高一英语外研社版三语法复习:定语从句和非限制性定语从句
高一英语外研社版三语法复习:定语从句和非限制性定语从句课程目标:一、学习目标1. 定语从句的差不多用法以及关系词的用法。
2. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
3. 非限制性定语从句及其和限制性定语从句的区别。
二、重点、难点重点:定语从句的差不多用法。
难点:定语从句中个别关系词的使用,及其和某些名词性从句的区别。
三、考情分析1)定语从句是每年高考的重点,要紧分布在单项选择、完形填空中,书面表达要注意定语从句的使用。
定语从句的把握与否还会阻碍阅读能力的提高。
2)每年的高考题中,单项选择题中定语从句的分值一样为1—2分。
完形填空中也会有一、两个空考查定语从句。
知识梳理:一、定语从句【教材原句】Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.古代的中国是个国家之间经常发生战争的地点。
But it was also a time when there were many great philosopher s.但也是个产生许多伟大哲学家的时代。
Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greate st.孔子是阻碍最大的哲学家。
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.墨子是另外一个阻碍力庞大的学者。
He came from a family which was very poor.他来自一个贫穷家庭。
【用法1】1. 定义:在句中起定语的作用,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。
2. 差不多构成:被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。
定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系词引导。
3. 关系词分类:关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句
高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删去后,影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导可以省略(that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略)不可以省略可以替代(whom作宾语时,可用who或that替代)不能替代只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,此时定语从句前有逗号分开,只能用which或as引导。
限制性:她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)非限制性:她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。
高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句
高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句定语从句是高中英语第一大语法内容,必须清晰掌握。
接下来小编为大家!整理了高一英语学习的内容,一起来看看吧01定语从句基本概念在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
02定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括 that, which, who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose),as 等。
关系副词包括where, when, why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
例如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
例如:The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
04关系代词的用法1. thatthat 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2. whichwhich 用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。
高中定语从句知识点归纳
高中定语从句知识点归纳一、定语从句的概念定语从句是在句子中起定语作用的句子。
它修饰主句中的某个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、代词叫先行词,定语从句总是放在先行词之后,且引导定语从句的关联词必须放在定语从句之首。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.(位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
)3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。
who和whom作宾语时也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
)4.whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
高一英语(牛津译林版)定语从句知识讲解
⾼⼀英语(⽜津译林版)定语从句知识讲解定语从句⼀、基本概念1.定语从句:在⼀个主从复合句中修饰某⼀个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。
换句话说,定语从句就是⽤来作定语的句⼦。
2.先⾏词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先⾏词。
先⾏词前⼀般⽤the ,但在指“⼀个”概念时可⽤a , an 。
3.关系代词/ 关系副词:连接先⾏词和定语从句的词叫关系词,根据其在从句中作⽤分为关系代词或关系副词。
若先⾏词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等,应⽤关系代词引导定语从句;若先⾏词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,应⽤关系副词引导定语从句。
4.定语从句的位置:⼀般紧跟在先⾏词后⾯。
但有时因句⼦结构的需要,定语从句和先⾏词被某些成分隔开。
5.引导定语从句的关系词分为⼆类:关系代词:that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词:when, where, why⼆、基本⽤法2.使⽤关系代词时应注意的⼏个问题:a. 在以下⼏种情况下只使⽤that不⽤which。
1.先⾏词是不定代词时,如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。
1.I told him all (that) I know.2.He gave her everything (that) he had.2.先⾏词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.2.You can take any book (that) you like.3.先⾏词被序数词和形容词的最⾼级修饰时。
1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先⾏词既有⼈⼜有物时。
高中英语定语从句知识点总结
定语从句是高中英语语法中的一个重要知识点,它用于修饰名词或代词,起到限定或说明的作用。
以下是高中英语定语从句的知识点总结:1. 定语从句的基本结构:定语从句通常由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(when, where, why)引导,它们在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分。
2. 关系代词的用法:- who, whom 用于指人,who 在定语从句中作主语或宾语,whom 在定语从句中作宾语。
- whose 用于指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,表示所属关系。
- which 用于指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
- that 既可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
3. 关系副词的用法:- when 表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
- where 表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
- why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
4. 定语从句的省略:当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略。
5. 定语从句与先行词的隔离:当先行词与定语从句之间被其他词隔开时,可以使用“介词+关系代词”的结构。
6. 定语从句的倒装:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,有时为了保持句子平衡,可以将定语从句倒装。
7. 定语从句的主谓一致:定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
8. 非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句与先行词之间用逗号隔开,起补充说明的作用。
以上是高中英语定语从句的知识点总结,希望对你有所帮助。
在学习定语从句时,还需要通过大量的练习来巩固和掌握这些知识点。
定语从句-高一英语语法专题
高一英语语法专题定语从句一、概念1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1引导定语从句、2代替先行词、3在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(一)限定性定语从句(没有逗号)(1)关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)1. that既可代表事物也可代表人which代表事物。
注:that和which在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
e.g. The number of the people that come to visit the city each year rises one million.e.g. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which:当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时,或者是every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,或者是有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时、既有人又有物时、句中前面有which时都只能用that。
3. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,who作从句中的主语,whom作宾语e.g. The boys who are playing football are from Class One.e.g. Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.e.g. The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.4. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。
高中英语定语从句讲解与归纳
高中英语定语从句讲解与归纳高一英语定语从句讲解一、定语从句1.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关联词。
2.定语从句在选择关联词that 与which时,常常容易出错,所以应记住什么时候只能用that,什么时候只能用which.(1).只能用that 的情况归纳4种:即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过;先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词;先行词同时是人和物并列时;最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。
请看下列四组例句,注意其先行词:①.The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan .②.I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that he knew at this lesson .③.Later my father and Mr. Crosset talked for about half an four of things and persons that they remembered in school.④.This is the very dictionary that I want to find .(2).只用which is 情况有两种情况:一是非限制性定语从句,关联词要用which;二是做介词宾语时只能用which。
请看下列两组例句:I said nothing , which made him more angry .I have the book about which you are talking .三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中,which 和as 是容易混淆的。
在很多情况下两者兼可互换,但在下列情况中不可互换:1、通常As 可以放在整句的句首,而which,只能在逗号之后,as 本身含有“正如”,as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.She is remarkable, as I have told you .2、which 在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词,指前句整个的意思,如:She has married again, which surprises us .四、在定语从句中,许多人往往分不清all that 和what, what 实际上只引导名词性从句,它相当于all that两个字,例如:All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.= what I know is that ……定语从句知识要点:一、限定性定语从句:种类先行词关联词例句说明定语从句(人)在从句中做主语或宾语物在从句中做主语或宾语whowhichThis is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .这就是救了孩子生命的医生。
高一英语定语从句归纳整理
高一英语定语从句归纳整理一、定语从句的定义定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常放在所修饰的名词或代词之后,被称作后置定语。
定语从句主要分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种类型。
二、关系代词的种类及用法关系代词在定语从句中用作宾语或主语,起到指代先行词的作用。
常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom和whose。
1.That:用于修饰人或物,指代某个特定的事物。
在从句中,that可作主语或宾语。
2.Which:也用于修饰人或物,指代某个特定的事物。
在从句中,which通常作主语或宾语。
3.Who:用于修饰人,指代某个人的身份或特征。
在从句中,who通常作主语。
4.Whom:用于修饰人,指代某个人的身份或特征。
在从句中,whom通常作宾语。
5.whose:用于修饰人或物,指代某个事物的归属或特征。
在从句中,whose通常作定语。
三、关系副词的种类及用法关系副词在定语从句中用作状语,起到修饰整个从句的作用。
常见的关系副词有when、where和why。
1.When:用于修饰时间,指代某个特定的时间点或时间段。
在从句中,when可作时间状语。
2.Where:用于修饰地点,指代某个特定的地点或场所。
在从句中,where可作地点状语。
3.Why:用于修饰原因,指代某个特定的情况或事实。
在从句中,why可作原因状语。
四、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别1.限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句与主句的关系十分紧密,缺之不可,对先行词起限定、修饰的作用。
如果将其去掉,会影响句子完整性,甚至意义不明。
限定性定语从句的先行词前面不可加其他定语修饰词,并且不用逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解,它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
非限定性定语从句前面可以加其他定语修饰词。
非限定性定语从句先行词为专有名词或者具有特指性的名词时,一般不用that。
非限定性定语从句还可以由as引导。
高中英语语法必背基础知识点总结
中学英语语法必背基础学问点总结语法是从阅读学来的。
语法书势必有用,但它和字典一样,只是从旁帮助的工具。
只看语法书却从不阅读,必需会走火入魔,其下场与死背生词一样。
下面是我为大家整理的有关高一英语语法必背学问点总结,盼望对你们有帮助!高一英语语法必背学问点总结专题一:定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语留意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法(1)常用于以下构造:such…as;so…as;thesame…as;as…as留意:thesame…as表示同一类,不同一个thesame…that表示同一个(2)as与which的区分a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的依据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用andthis来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
留意:as常用于以下构造:asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbe fore/above,asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的状况1、.先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,n one,theone等不定代词时2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时.3、领先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
高一英语语法定语从句归纳总结
高一英语定语从句的归纳一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Theman who you’re talking to ismy friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man towhomyou’re talkingis my friend.Ineed a pen withwhich Ican write aletter.=I need a piece ofpaper on which I can write aletter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:Theman(who/whom/that) I talkedabout at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The manaboutwhom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. Thepalace (which/that) I oftenpay a visit to wasbuilt in the17th century.=The palace towhichIoften paya visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
突破高一语法之一---定语从句
定语从句一、【基础知识】学习who/whom/whose/which/that 引导的定于从句,理解并熟悉其结构。
1)先行词和关系词主句中被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句一般位于先行词之后。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词,用来指代先行词。
关系代词有that/which/who/whom(宾格)/whose(所有格)/as,关系副词有when/where/why2)关系代词的用法*who 指人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语或宾语都可以。
e.g. The girl who is singing is John’s sister. 正在唱歌的女孩是约瀚的姐姐。
(girl是先行词,关系代词who在从句作主语。
在这种情况下也可用that)注:关系代词在定语从句作主语时,其人称和数要与先行词一致。
*whom指人,是宾格,在定语从句只作宾语。
e.g. The man (whom)we talked about will come tomorrow. 我们谈论的那个人明天来。
(先行词是man,关系代词whom在从句作talk about的宾语,在英语口语中可以省略。
在这种情况下也可以用who或that,它们都能指代人,作主语或宾语都可以)*whose多指人,也可指物,指物时。
在指物时可与of which换用,whose是所有格, 在定语从句中作定语。
e.g. Aunt Wang is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to Shanghai.王姨在照看父母都去了上海的那个小孩。
(先行词是the little child, 关系代词whose在定语从句作parents的定语)He lives in the room whose windows ( the windows of which) face south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房子里(the room是先行词, 关系代词whose在定语从句作windows的定语)* that: 指人或物,在定语从句中担任主语或宾语。
高一英语重点语法-定语从句-要点
定语从句要点在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如:1)Do you know the professor who gave us the talk this afternoon?2)You must do everything that I do.定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,上面两句中的professor和everything就是先行词。
定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的(引导)词有关系代词which、who(宾格是whom,所有格是whose)、that和关系副词when、where、why。
关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时它们又作定语从句的一个成分。
+替代作用一、关系代词的用法1. which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
1)She was not on the train which arrived at 7.(作主语)2)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.(作宾语)2.who、whom、whose指人,在定语从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语。
1)This is the stranger who saved your son’s life.(作主语)2)The shop assistant (whom) I spoke to made no answer at first.(作宾语)3)Wei Fang is the student whose room caught fire last night.(作定语,修饰room)特别说明:whose除了指人,有时也可指物。
4)The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.(作定语,修饰roof)3.that指物,有时也可指人,在(定语)从句中作主语或宾语1) A plane is a machine that can fly.(作主语,指物)2)Who is the man that is reading a newspaper over there?(作主语,指人)3)Here is the car (that) I have told you about.(作宾语,指物)4)The people (that) you met in our school are from England.(作宾语,指人)二、介词(in, with, about, to ...)+which/whom引导的定语从句当which/whom引导定语从句时,如果which/whom在(定语)从句中作某个介词的宾语,这时可把该介词放在which/whom之前;为了使关系代词which/whom紧跟它所修饰的先行词,也可以把该介词仍放在从句中有关动词的后面。
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高中高一英语定语从句语法复习一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.This is the man to whom I gave the book.③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)引导。
One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.(比较:He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.(比较:We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。
但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.(那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)3.在非限定性定语从句中,任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。
指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;指物做主语,宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where,也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.He went to America, ______ his parents live.He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:The house, whose window faces south, is mine.=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.=The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的主语,不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?2.whom/who/that指人是宾格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾(动词后接宾语)时,关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?②当作介宾(介词后接宾语)时:介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.※注:固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开,既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.3.whose: 指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。
Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。
Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (主语)He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (动宾)The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (介宾)4.which/that 指物,指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。
②当作介宾时:介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.The games in which the young men competed were difficult.※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语,宾语,表语或状语,不能省略。
主要用于“the same …as…;such …as…;so …as…;as …as…;as follows”固定结构中,形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。
要用as代替who(m), which, 或that引导定语从句:Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.My hometown is no longer the same as it was.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.He is not such a person as I expected.He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.※注:which和as可引导非限定性定语从句:可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容,有时可以互换。
因此,当as/which 指代前面的整个句子,或前句中的部分内容作定语从句的主语时,谓语用单数.Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.He married her, as/which was natural.区别:①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾;而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。