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SCI之路1——Case Report篇

INTRODUCTION
引言
1、总体上介绍GIST，什么是 GIST，有什么特点，病理特征怎么样等等。。。 2、我们在这里报道1例由于阑尾出血而偶然诊断的 GIST。
Case ReΒιβλιοθήκη ort 病例报告1、最简单易写，但是认为最关键，因为要引起别人的兴趣。 2、好写在什么地方？好比我们中文个案一样—男，多少岁，因为XX入院，实验室检查。。，手术。。 3、很多话是可以“拿来” 的，好比一个填空一样，只是个别数值需要修改下就好。
Case Report组成
1.Abstract and Keywords(摘要和关键词) 2.INTRODUCTION(引言) 3.CASE REPORT(病例报告) 4.DISCUSSION(讨论) 5.REFERENCES(参考文献)
胃肠道间质瘤举例——GIST(上文)
这是一例关于阑尾间质瘤的病例，我之前说过胃肠道间质瘤在胃肠道常见，阑尾罕见。
Abstract an Keywords
概述性摘要：三步走 1、GIST是什么？ 2、GIST是少见，绝大部分位于胃肠部位，但是位于阑尾非常罕见。 3、我们在此报道1例阑尾 GIST，由于阑尾出血而被偶然诊断。关键词：一般满足要求即可。
Case Report
Case Report中注意事项
1、前面讲过，比较好写，因为很多话在任何病例中基本是一样的，A 56-year-old man was admitted to our department on an emergency basis because of a sudden onset of hematochezia.注意我划线部分，就是所谓的可以填空的，一个56岁的男性患者因为突然开始便血而来我院就诊，那你可以替换成因为头疼，或因为腹疼，或因为腹泻。。。 2、写作中基本就是按照我们诊断基本的步骤而来，从体检到实验室或者影像学检查，再到手术或者治疗，再到预后等等，限于篇幅，但是在此之间要在相应部位插入图片，比如术前的影像学、术中照片以及术后病理等等。。。。。。

case report范文

case report范文Title: A Miraculous Recovery: A Case ReportIntroduction:In this case report, we present the extraordinary journey of Mr. Smith, a 62-year-old man who experienced a life-threatening medical condition. This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of his case, including the initial presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment interventions, and the remarkable recovery that followed. Mr. Smith's case highlights the importance of timely medical intervention, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the resilience of the human spirit.Clinical Presentation:Mr. Smith presented to the emergency department with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and profuse sweating. His symptoms were suggestive of a myocardialinfarction, commonly known as a heart attack. Upon arrival, he appeared pale, diaphoretic, and in distress. His vital signs were unstable, with a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHgand a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. The gravity ofhis condition necessitated immediate resuscitative measures. Diagnostic Workup:An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed ST-segmentelevation in leads II, III, and aVF, confirming the diagnosis of an inferior myocardial infarction. Further investigations, including cardiac enzyme markers and echocardiography, supported the diagnosis and provided valuable information regarding the extent of myocardial damage. Additionally, coronary angiography revealed acritical stenosis in the right coronary artery.Treatment Interventions:Given the severity of Mr. Smith's condition, a multidisciplinary team consisting of cardiologists, interventional radiologists, and cardiac surgeonscollaborated to devise an optimal treatment plan. Initially, he was stabilized with intravenous fluids, oxygen supplementation, and pain relief. Subsequently, he underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore blood flow in the occluded coronary artery. A drug-eluting stent was successfully placed, effectively resolving the stenosis.Recovery and Rehabilitation:Following the successful PCI, Mr. Smith's condition gradually improved. He was closely monitored in theintensive care unit for the first few days to manage potential complications and ensure optimal recovery. Physical therapy and cardiac rehabilitation were initiated early to enhance his cardiovascular fitness and prevent deconditioning. With each passing day, Mr. Smith's strength and endurance improved, and he regained his independence.Psychological Impact:While the physical recovery was remarkable, it isimportant to acknowledge the psychological impact that such a traumatic event can have on patients. Mr. Smith experienced anxiety, fear, and a sense of vulnerability during his hospitalization. A multidisciplinary team, including psychologists and social workers, provided emotional support, counseling, and education to help him cope with the psychological aftermath of the myocardial infarction. This holistic approach played a crucial role in his overall recovery.Conclusion:Mr. Smith's case demonstrates the critical importance of timely intervention, collaborative care, and comprehensive rehabilitation in achieving a successful recovery from a life-threatening medical condition. It also highlights the resilience and determination of individuals in overcoming adversity. By sharing this case report, we hope to inspire healthcare professionals to continue providing compassionate care and innovative interventions that can transform lives and restore hope.。

医学专业CaseReport格式与写作技巧

医学专业CaseReport格式与写作技巧对于医学专业的留学⽣来说，可能还没有资源、没有数据、不会统计、英语很差，那么如何完成⼀篇专业的学术论⽂甚⾄发表呢？Case report（病例报道）就是⼀个很好的选择。

作为⼀名学⽣，你可能没有时间做⼤样本的回顾，没有课题⽀持，没有经费可⽤，没有⼈⼿帮忙。

但只要选择⼀个特殊的、有研究价值的病例进⾏深⼊研究，这篇Case就能完成。

⽽病例，在中国并不算是严格保密的材料，只要费点⼼思就能得到。

下⾯我们来谈谈Case Report格式，以及如何写作。

⼀个完整的Case Report包括以下⼏个部分：1. Abstract2. Introduction3. Case presentation4. Discussion5.References让我们以⼀个例⼦来说明。

这是⼀例关于肺腺癌患者中EGFR基因和EML-ALK基因共同突变的Case。

EGFR基因和EML-ALK基因是互斥的，极少共同突变，这个病例的特殊性，成为它可以发表的亮点。

1、abstract六句话：第⼀句：关于肺癌；第⼆句：关于EGFR；第三句：EGFR基因与肺癌；第四句：关于EML4-ALK；第五句：EML4-ALK与肺癌；第六句：EGFR与EML4-ALK关系2、introduction写两个部分：第⼀部分：逻辑上与摘要相同，只是展开⼀些讲，每⼀点⽤2-3句话，重点部分⽤4-6句话（本例就是：EGFR与EML4-ALK互斥，很少同时在同⼀患者肿瘤组织中发现。

同时陈述⽀持这⼀观点的⼏个重要⽂献和数据）。

第⼆部分：套话。

我们在这⾥报道EGFR与EML4-ALK同时positive的⼀例肺腺癌患者。

3、case presentation这部分是⽂章的主体，最关键。

但却是全⽂最好写的部分。

为什么？因为你只需要陈述这个病例的全部情况就可以，⼥，45岁，因为XX⼊院，实验室检查发现……，⼿术发现……，病理提⽰……，免疫组化提⽰……⽽且，很多话是可以“拿来”的，好⽐⼀个填空⼀样，只是个别数值需要修改下就好。

学习临床试验常见英文

英文单词 A · Active control ,AC 阳性对照，活性对照阳性对照，活性对照 · Adverse drug reaction ,ADR 药物不良反应药物不良反应 · Adverse event ,AE 不良事件 · Approval 批准 · Assistant investigator 助理研究者 · Audit 稽查 · Audit report 稽查报告 · Auditor 稽查员 B · Bias 偏性，偏倚 · Blank control 空白对照
· Forced titration 强制滴定 G&H · Global 全球 · Generic drug 通用名药 · Good clinical practice ,GCP 药物临床试验质量管理规定 · Good manufacture practice ,GMP 药品生产质量管理规范 · Good non-clinical laboratory practice ,GLP 药物非临床研究质量管理规范 · Health economic evaluation ,HEV 健康经济学评价 · Hypothesis testing 假设检验 I · Improvement 好转 · Inclusion criteria 入选标准 · Independent ethics committee ,IEE 独立伦理委员会
· Principle investigator ,PI 主要研究者 · Product license ,PL 产品许可证 · Protocol 试验方案 · Protocol amendment 方案补正 Q&R · Quality assurance ,QA 质量保证 · Quality assurance unit ,QAU 质量保证部门 · Quality control ,QC 质量控制 · Randomization 随机 · Regulatory authorities ,RA 监督管理部门 · Replication 可重复 · Run in 准备期 S

医学病例报道case report文章英语用词用句

出生/妊娠情况∙was the first child born to unrelated healthy parents after a full-term pregnancy.∙The patient was born after a full-term pregnancy by caesarean section because of premature rupture of the membranes足月、剖腹产、胎膜早破∙she spontaneously breathed and cried.∙The proposita, a 15-year-old girl, was the product of the fifth full-term pregnancy.∙Polyhydramnios was present in the third trimester. 晚期妊娠羊水过多∙Anthropometrical data recorded at birth were: weight 1700g ( < 3rd centile) and height 40cm ( < 3rd centile).∙He was the first child of a nonconsanguineous 非近亲结婚Turkish couple born at term by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. 顺产∙This 13-year-old boy was born to non-consanguineous Pakistani parents by Caesarean section and weighed 3.6 kg (50th centile) at birth.∙She was delivered by Cesarean for failure to progress 停育at 37 weeks’ gestation.∙Pregnancy was characterized by intrauterine growth retardation宫内发育迟缓, nuchal thickness, and turbidity of amniotic fluid requiring a caesarean birth at the 39th week of gestation.∙short femora 股骨短家人情况∙Her younger sister is healthy.∙ A 13-year-old girl was the second child born to a 42-yearold mother and an unrelated 43-year-old father∙There was no family history of short stature, mental deficiency or congenital anomalies∙He is the only affected member in his pedigree∙At the time of his birth, his father was 35 year-old, 170 cm tall, his mother was32 year-old, 157 cm tall and obese.∙He had two brothers; one was obese but had neither learning difficulties nor visual impairment.生长发育∙Her developmental milestones were normal∙At 11.5 years of age, her height was 129 cm ( – 3 SD), weight 29 kg ( – 1.5 SD), and occipitofrontal circumference 49 cm ( – 2.75 SD).∙Along with her cognitive profile, she showed difficulty in mathematics, reading and writing. 学习困难∙His height and weight have remained markedly below the 3rd percentile∙His height and weight have always been below the 3rd percentile∙Stature (115 cm, 10–25th centile) was disproportionate to the weight (30 kg, 97th centile)∙病情发现∙We call attention to∙Soon after birth, were noted.∙She attained menarche at∙The patient exhibited a full MS phenotype of the clinical and radiological criteria reported in MS, including∙Multiple/ Several congenital anomalies were noted at birth including cleft lip and palate唇腭裂, left facial paralysis左面部瘫痪, systolic heart murmur左面部瘫痪, pilonidal dimple, hypospadias with meatal stricture尿道下裂, congenital phimosis先天性包茎, right crytorchidism右隐睾and inguinal hernia腹股沟疝.∙Hypertension was documented at age 1 1 years∙Marked hyperopia was found on an ophthalmologic examination at age 21 years ∙At age 1 year he was felt to be developmentally delayed∙From infancy the mother noticed the existence of hearing-loss which remained untreated until adolescence.∙He has hypernasal speech because of adenoid hypertrophy.∙From age 3 years he frequently refused to walk complaining of painful legs.就诊原因∙She was referred to us for investigating her short stature at the age of 10 years ∙He was admitted to a state institution for the mentally retarded at age 30 years with ∙He was first referred to a pediatric nutritionist at the age of seven years for the exploration and management of polyphagia and obesity.∙He presented to endocrine clinic at age 11 for short stature and precocious puberty (onset at age 10), and had elevated FSH, and an enlarged left testis.∙特殊面容Craniofacial features/ Craniofacial features∙She had a flat wide facies with prominent prognathism, blepharophimosis, anda narrow mouth with a thin vermilion of the upper lip∙She had a short stature and an unusual square-shaped body habitus with horizontal position of the clavicles and shoulders along with a short neck∙flat wide facies with upward slanting palpebral fissures, blepharophimosis, and a flat nasal bridge with hypoplastic left nares and flat maxillary regions.∙She had a muscular build肌肉身材, brachycephaly短头畸形, frontal bossing 额部隆起, hypertelorism眼距过宽, a broad and prominent nasal bridge宽鼻梁, deep-set eyes 凹眼with short palpebral fissures短睑裂, midfacial hypoplasia面中部发育不良, small external ears小外耳, a short philtrum短人中, a narrow mouth窄嘴, a thin upper lip上嘴唇薄, downturned corners to the mouth嘴角向下翘, hypoplastic teeth发育不全的牙齿, a high palate高上腭, prognathism凸颚, a short neck短颈, Tanner III breast development and external genitalia, short upper limbs 短上肢(rhizo-acromelic shortening), cubitus valgus肘外翻, brachydactyly of the hands and feet手脚短指, clinodactyly of the fifth fingers指过弯, generalized nail dysplasia指甲发育不良, and normal skin and joint movements∙Facial dysmorphism indicative of Myhre syndrome included short palpebral fissures with ptosis, a flat face with mid-face hypoplasia, prognathism and a high arched palate∙Facial and limb morphology further suggested the diagnosis of MS检查∙Audiological examination revealed mixed conductive and sensorial hearing loss∙Radiological examination revealed a thick calvarium, mandibular protrusion，, shortening of the tubular bones, and large pedicles and thick neural arches, resulting in a narrow spinal canal.∙MRI showed thick basilar bone and large and thick clivus.∙The patient underwent a provocative test by insulin-induced hypoglycemia (ITT), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)∙Radiographic studies (Fig. 2) showed∙the peak GH response was∙the serum IGF-1 level was appropriate for a pubertal girl∙Physical findings at age 24 years (Fig. I) revealed/ showed a height of 140 cm, weight of 45 kg and a head circumference of 56 cm.∙On physical exam/ examination at age 18 years he had a height of 146 cm, a weight of 50.5 kg and a head circumference of 54.7 cm∙The skeletal survey showed multiple abnormalities∙His muscle mass and strength werc increased 升高∙The skeletal survey demonstrated multiple skeletal ab normalities identical to those pictiired in Case 1∙Psychological evaluation showed an IQ of 48∙ A muscle biopsy revealed fascicles of normal looking muscle fibres∙Gene sequencing analysis was carried out of all 11 coding exons of SMAD4 using the MiSeq next-generation sequencing platform∙Musculoskeletal examination revealed generalised stiff muscles, limited phalangeal extension∙Neurological examination was normal apart from clumsy gait with toe walking. ∙he was normotensive (120/65 mm Hg) 血压正常∙he had mild learning difficulties that necessitated additional educational support. 特殊教育∙Dermatological assessment of the proband revealed keratosis pilaris with a clinical impression of thickened skin. 皮肤病学Skin biopsy findings confirmed∙Three additional clinical genetics evaluations failed to identify a unifying diagnosis.∙检查结果正常∙Results of the routine biochemical studies were within the normal ranges.∙Results of the screening tests for metabolic defects, including analysis of urinary mucopolysaccharides and blood amino acids were normal.∙Routine karyotyping (G-bands) showed 46,XX, and the results of the array CGH (Agilent SurePrint G3 60K) were also negative∙EMG showed no abnormalities.∙Endocrinological studies (basalthyroid profile,LH, FSH, estradiol, cortisol, and IGF-1 serum determinations，thyroid profile) showed normal results.∙No signs of polycystic ovary syndrome were identified.∙The histology of a striated muscle biopsy was normal.∙Cardiovascular evaluations began at age 3 years when a twodimensional echocardiogram showed mild valvar pulmonic stenosis, and clinical follow-up suggested resolution∙Sequencing for Kabuki and Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes, (MLL2, CREBBP, and EP300) was normal∙Psychomotor development was normal 智力，精神发育正常被诊断∙She was diagnosed with∙We propose that∙The thick calvarium and thick and stiff skin were clues to the diagnosis of MS ∙She fulfilled the clinical criteria reported for MS.∙This finding indicated that her GH secretion was not defective.∙Gonadotropin responses were not excessive or inappropriate for an early pubertal girl.治疗∙necessitating hormone replacement therapy.∙The patient was diagnosed with skeletal dysplasia of unknown origin and treated for this condition for several years∙He required surgery for right cryptorchidism at the age of 1.5 years.∙The prednisone dose was raised (1 mg/kg/day) with a good clinical response ∙mycophenolate-mofetil (500 mg twice/day) was added for two months to the prednisone therapy.∙The starting dosage of anakinra was 1 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously. 皮下注射∙年龄At the age of 15,测序∙Direct sequence analysis of the coding lesions led to the identification of three missense mutations in the region ofSMAD4 coding for the MH2 domain∙No likely pathological copy number variants (CNVs) were detected in either case 1 or his mother on a 180 K oligo array CGH报道发病情况∙All cases have been sporadic and an autosomal dominant inheritance was suggested because of advanced paternal age.青春期∙These findings suggest that endocrinological abnormalities related to the hypothalamus–hypophysis feedback may be part of the syndrome. This has been proven at least in one male patient (Case 2, Burglen et al., 2003).∙the abnormal onset of puberty observed in three of our cases, two showing early onset (before the age of 9 years) and another one showing delayed puberty with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Although these phenotypic manifestations are discordant, they may point to a disturbance in the hypothalamohypophyso-gonadal axis that should be investigated in further cases.疾病∙Myhre syndrome is a rare, distinctive syndrome due to specific gain-of-function mutations in SMAD4∙The characteristic phenotype includes∙Cardiomyopathy and pericardial abnormalities distinguish Myhre syndrome from other disorders caused by mutations in the TGF-b signaling cascade (Marfan, Loeys–Dietz, or Shprintzen–Goldberg syndromes)∙Major facial features were病例报道∙We report four newly described patients with typical features of Myhre syndrome who had∙To our knowledge, the severely shortened distal phalanges, shortened third metacarpals, and shortened proximal phalanges of digit 5 have not yet been reported elsewhere as being associated with BDA1 据我们所知，在其他地方尚未报道严重缩短远端指骨，缩短第三掌骨和缩短指骨5位与BDA1相关不明were not recorded。

case report 写作顺序 -回复

case report 写作顺序-回复中括号内的主题：Case Report写作顺序一. 引言（Introduction)在引言中，应该包括以下内容：1. 简要介绍研究背景和目的2. 引出研究中涉及的特定病例/患者3. 概述与病例相关的问题或挑战二. 疾病描述（Clinical Presentation)在这一部分，应该提供以下信息：1. 病例的基本信息，如年龄、性别和基本健康状况2. 患者的病情描述，包括主要症状、持续时间和程度3. 其他相关临床表现，如实验室检查和影像学结果三. 诊断过程（Diagnostic Workup)在这一部分，应该描述以下内容：1. 医生对患者进行的各种临床检查和实验室检查2. 各种诊断方法的结果和证据，包括影像学、实验室和生理学测试3. 与其他可能诊断进行鉴别的过程和依据四. 治疗方案（Management)在这一部分，应该包含以下信息：1. 研究中使用的治疗方法，如药物治疗、手术和其他非药物治疗2. 治疗的效果，包括患者的病情改善情况、副作用和并发症3. 如果有的话，与其他治疗方法进行比较的结果五. 结果（Outcome)在这一部分，应该描述以下内容：1. 患者的治疗结果，包括病情改善情况和复发率2. 对治疗效果的评估和效果的量化指标3. 如果有的话，与类似病例的比较结果六. 讨论（Discussion)在讨论部分，应该提供以下信息：1. 对病例的主要发现进行详细解释和分析2. 分析研究的局限性和可能的偏差3. 将研究结果与现有文献和临床实践进行比较4. 提出对进一步研究的建议七. 结论（Conclusion)在结论部分，应该总结研究结果的主要发现并提出对临床实践的意义八. 致谢（Acknowledgments)在致谢部分，应该感谢对本研究有重要贡献的人员、机构或资金来源九. 参考文献（References)在参考文献部分，应该列出所引用的文献，按照指定的引用格式排列这样一来，你的Case Report文章就有了清晰的结构和流程，并且每个部分都具有其独特的目的和要求。

casereports：病例报告

Life-threatening hypokalaemia from abuseof Nurofen PlusA Paul Lambert PhD Colin Close MDJ R Soc Med2005;98:21Non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs are widely available as over-the-counter preparations.Adverse effects of these drugs include nephrotoxicity.1CASE HISTORYA woman aged45came to hospital in a drowsy state,with headache.For three months her mood had been low and she had been prescribedﬂuoxetine20mg/day.She was thin (body mass index17kg/m2)and normotensive.Investi-gations revealed a serum potassium of 2.6mmol/L (reference range 3.5–5.0)and a serum creatinine of 56m mol/L(60–120).She recovered spontaneously,but at discharge48hours later her potassium concentration had fallen to2.8mmol/L.Six months before,serum potassium had been4.5mmol/L.She had two further admissions in the next six weeks with drowsiness and general weakness, on each occasion with profound hypokalaemia(potassium 2.0and1.7mmol/L,respectively).On the third admission, further investigation revealed an arterial pH of7.4(7.35–7.45)with pCO24.0kPa(4.5–6.1),serum bicarbonate 19mmol/L(24–32)and chloride110mmol/L(96–105) (anion gap18mmol/L).She had a normal serum magnesium,0.9mmol/L(0.7–1.0).Urine pH was7.0 and24h urine potassium excretion was120mmol,giving a transtubular potassium gradient of7.3mmol/L.Renal tubular acidosis with renal potassium wasting was diagnosed and she was treated with oral sodium bicarbonate6g/day and oral potassium2.8g(72mmol)per day.Potassium rose to4.3mmol/L and bicarbonate to29mmol/L.A urine drug screen was positive for ibuprofen, paracetamol,opioids and benzodiazepines,and she was subsequently readmitted after self-poisoning with Nurofen Plus(ibuprofen600mg,codeine phosphate12.8mg; Crookes Healthcare Ltd,Nottingham,UK).From another source we learned that herﬂat was littered with empty Nurofen Plus packets,and she later described regularly consuming28g/day of MENTAcute renal failure and interstitial nephritis are well documented adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inﬂamma-tory drugs.However,we have found only two reports ofeffects of these drugs on renal tubular acidiﬁcation.In both, overdose of ibuprofen was reported as causing type2 proximal renal tubular acidosis.2,3We believe this is an important issue to raise,because in the present case and thatof Chetty et al.3the ibuprofen was an over-the-counter preparation.Abuse of such agents can easily escape notice.Acknowledgment We thank Dr RE Ferner(West MidlandsCentre for Adverse Drug Reporting,City Hospital, Birmingham B187QH,UK)for his help in the preparationof this report.REFERENCES1British Medical Association,Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.British National Formulary.London:BMA/RPS,2003:479–812Gaul C,Heckmann JG,Druschky A,Schocklmann H,Naundorfer I, Erbguth F.Renal tubular acidosis with severe hypokalemic tetraparesisafter ibuprofen intake.Dtsch Med Wochenschr1999;124:483–63Chetty R,Baoku Y,Mildner R,Banerjee A,Vallance D,Haddon A, Labib M.Severe hypokalemia and weakness due to Nurofen1misuse.Ann Clin Biochem2003;40:422–3Myocardial infarction afteraspirin treatmentDavid J Fox MB MRCP Timothy P Gray MB MRCPFarzin Fath-Ordoubadi MD MRCPJ R Soc Med2005;98:21–23Aspirin has been reported to cause coronary spasm as wellas bronchospasm,but never acute myocardial infarction.CASE HISTORYA woman of55attended the emergency department aftersix hours of left-sided chest pain.She was a smoker. Previously she had beenﬁt and well apart from mild asthma.There was no history of illicit drug use.She didreport an‘allergy’to aspirin but was vague about how this showed itself.On examination she was haemodynamicallystable and the onlyﬁnding of note was mild expiratoryCASEREPORTS21J O U R N A L O F T H E R O Y A L S O C I E T Y O F M E D I C I N E V o l u m e98J a n u a r y2005Division of Medicine,Taunton and Somerset Hospital,Musgrove Park,Taunton TA15DA,UKCorrespondence to:Dr Paul LambertE-mail:********************.uk Manchester Heart Centre,Manchester Royal Inﬁrmary,Oxford Road, Manchester M139WL,UKCorrespondence to:Dr David FoxE-mail:**********************by guest on February 14, 2016 Downloaded fromwheeze.Baseline investigations including oxygen saturations and cardiac enzymes gave normal results;cholesterol was 4.8mmol/L.Serial12-lead electrocardiograms showed sinus rhythm and no evidence of ischaemia.She was initially managed with oxygen and sublingual glyceryl trinitrate,and when this made no difference to her pain she was given intravenous diamorphine.After10–15 minutes her symptoms had improved but as a precautionary measure the emergency team decided to administer300mg aspirin.In the next20minutes aﬂorid urticarial rash developed over the patient’s entire body surface,she became breathless and she reported central crushing chest pain.The electrocardiogram now showed inferior ST segment elevation of up to7mm with associated complete heart block and she was transferred for coronary angiography.Premedication was200mg intravenous hydrocortisone and10mg chlorphenamine.Gross vaso-spasm was seen in the left and the right coronary arteries, particularly near the ostium of the right coronary artery (Figure1).This abated with intracoronary nitrate injections and at the end of the procedure all the arteries appeared normal(Figure2).Intravascular ultrasound examination of the left and right coronary artery revealed no evidence of atheromatous plaque.She settled on nitrate and calcium channel blocker therapy but measurements of troponin T (0.22m mol/L)and creatine kinase1337u/L twelve hours after the procedure indicated myocardial damage.On echocardiography,inferior hypokinesia was consistent with infarction in the right coronary artery territory.She recovered without incident and was discharged afterﬁve days taking the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel.While she was in hospital,relatives provided some information about her aspirin allergy:she had developed a serious rash and been very unwell after taking aspirin in the past.COMMENTWe postulate that the coronary vasospasm and infarction resulted from the aspirin administration.After aspirin,her atypical pain changed to a typical crushing cardiac chest pain,and ischaemic changes developed on the electro-cardiogram.Possible mechanisms are coronary artery smooth muscle spasm1or massive catecholamine release as part of a stress response to the adverse drug reaction. Aspirin-induced coronary vasospasm has been reported previously,leading to exercise induced angina.2Also, variant angina has been suggested to be aggravated by aspirin.3In our patient the pain on admission was probably musculoskeletal;there was no evidence of cardiac ischaemia at that time.There is only one previous report of coronary spasm related to asthma4,and in this the authors suggest a link between bronchospasm and coronary spasm caused by aspirin.With cocaine,spasm leading to myocardial infarction is well recognized5but we have found no recorded case of aspirin inducing spasm severe enough to cause infarction.Patients who are suspected of having ischaemic chest pain and who report allergy to aspirin should be given an alternative antiplatelet agent such as clopidogrel.REFERENCES1Ramanuja S,Breall JA,Kalaria VG.Approach to‘aspirin allergy’in cardiovascular patients.Circulation2004;110:e1–e42Miwa K,Kambara H,Kawai C.Exercise-induced angina provoked by aspirin administration in patients with variant angina.Am J Cardiol 1981;47:1210–1422J O U R N A L O F T H E R O Y A L S O C I E T Y O F M E D I C I N E V o l u m e98J a n u a r y2005 Figure1Proximal spasm in right coronaryarteryFigure2Right coronary artery after intracoronary nitrateby guest on February 14, 2016Downloaded from3Miwa K,Kambara H,Kawai C.Variant angina aggravated by aspirin.Lancet1979;2:13824Habbab MA,Szwed SA,Haft JI.Is coronary arterial spasm part of the aspirin-induced asthma syndrome?Chest1986;90:141–35Kontos MC,Jesse RL,Tatum JL,Ornato JP.Coronary angiographic ﬁndings in patients with cocaine-induced chest pain.J Emerg Med 2003;24:9–13Splenomegaly,anaemia and pleural effusionP Kojodjojo MRCP S Chew BScK Wakeham BSc MRCP R Lancaster FRCPJ R Soc Med2005;98:23–24Most pseudocysts of the spleen cause no symptoms,but occasionally they lead to disaster.CASE HISTORYA man of71was admitted after syncope.He was on treatment for hypertension,atenolol25mg daily,with good control.Recently he had lost a few kilograms but had otherwise beenﬁt and well.He had not travelled abroad for many years and was teetotal.His blood pressure was133/76mmHg without postural drop,pulse78/min.On chest examination there was a small area of stony dullness at the left base,consistent with a small pleural effusion;the abdomen was distended and a very large spleen could be felt.Investigations revealed a normochromic normocytic anaemia(haemoglobin10.3g/ dL),white cell count13.76109/L(81%neutrophils,17% lymphocytes)and platelets3076109/L.Liver function tests,corrected calcium and clotting proﬁle were normal. Blunting of the left costophrenic angle was seen on a chest radiograph,in keeping with the positive respiratory ﬁndings.Further investigations were requested including serum electrophoresis,hepatic screen,abdominal imaging and bone marrow studies.Several hours later the patient experienced presyncope on the ward and blood pressure declined to97/62mmHg, pulse74/min.Clinically,the left-sided pleural effusion was larger and the haemoglobin was now8.1g/dL.The abdomen remained non-tender and the size of the spleen had not obviously changed.A diagnostic pleural tap drew a small amount of dark blood.Central venous and urinary catheters,along with an arterial line,were inserted to monitor his haemodynamic status more closely.CT showeda large effusion almost completelyﬁlling the left hemithorax,associated with complete left lung collapseand mediastinal shift(Figure1).The spleen was massively enlarged,measuring23623617cm—a cyst with only athin rim of splenic tissue(Figure2).No rib fractures,otherbony injuries or lymphadenopathy were seen.His blood pressure responded to blood and colloid transfusions,but before he could be transferred for exploratory thoracolaparotomy he had a cardiac arrest.After restoration of the pulse andﬂuid administration, insertion of an intercostal drain yielded3L of dark altered blood.At operation he was found to have a splenothoracicﬁstula.There was no blood in the peritoneal cavity.The spleen was removed and the left diaphragm was repaired.23J O U R N A L O F T H E R O Y A L S O C I E T Y O F M E D I C I N E V o l u m e98J a n u a r y2005Department of General Medicine,St Mary’s Hospital,London W21NY,UK Correspondence to:Pipin Kojodjojo,Waller Department of Cardiology,St Mary’s Hospital,Praed Street,London W21NY,UKE-mail:***************************.ukFigure1CT of chest showing large left pleural effusion aroundthe collapsed lung(black arrow)with associated mediastinalshiftFigure2CT of abdomen showing thin rim of splenic tissueencasing cystby guest on February 14, 2016Downloaded fromBelow is given annual work summary, do not need friends can download after editor deleted Welcome to visit againXXXX annual work summaryDear every leader, colleagues:Look back end of XXXX, XXXX years of work, have the joy of success in your work, have a collaboration with colleagues, working hard, also have disappointed when encountered difficulties and setbacks. Imperceptible in tense and orderly to be over a year, a year, under the loving care and guidance of the leadership of the company, under the support and help of colleagues, through their own efforts, various aspects have made certain progress, better to complete the job. For better work, sum up experience and lessons, will now work a brief summary.To continuously strengthen learning, improve their comprehensive quality. With good comprehensive quality is the precondition of completes the labor of duty and conditions. A year always put learning in the important position, trying to improve their comprehensive quality. Continuous learning professional skills, learn from surrounding colleagues with rich work experience, equip themselves with knowledge, the expanded aspect of knowledge, efforts to improve their comprehensive quality.The second Do best, strictly perform their responsibilities. Set up the company, to maximize the customer to the satisfaction of the company's products, do a good job in technical services and product promotion to the company. And collected on the properties of the products of the company, in order to make improvement in time, make the products better meet the using demand of the scene.Three to learn to be good at communication, coordinating assistance. On‐site technical service personnel should not only have strong professional technology, should also have good communication ability, a lot of a product due to improper operation to appear problem, but often not customers reflect the quality of no, so this time we need to find out the crux, and customer communication, standardized operation, to avoid customer's mistrust of the products and even the damage of the company's image. Some experiences in the past work, mentality is very important in the work, work to have passion, keep the smile of sunshine, can close the distance between people, easy to communicate with the customer. Do better in the daily work to communicate with customers and achieve customer satisfaction, excellent technical service every time, on behalf of the customer on our products much a understanding and trust.Fourth, we need to continue to learn professional knowledge, do practical grasp skilled operation. Over the past year, through continuous learning and fumble, studied the gas generation, collection and methods, gradually familiar with and master the company introduced the working principle, operation method of gas machine. With the help of the department leaders and colleagues, familiar with and master the launch of the division principle, debugging method of the control system, and to wuhan Chen Guchong garbage power plant of gas machine control system transformation, learn to debug, accumulated some experience. All in all, over the past year, did some work, have also made some achievements, but the results can only represent the past, there are some problems to work, can't meet the higher requirements. In the future work, I must develop the oneself advantage, lack of correct, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, for greater achievements. Looking forward to XXXX years of work, I'll be more efforts, constant progress in their jobs, make greater achievements. Every year I have progress, the growth of believe will get greater returns, I will my biggest contribution to the development of the company, believe inyourself do better next year!I wish you all work study progress in the year to come.。

FDA临床试验常见词汇中译文对照

FDA临床试验常见词汇中译文对照Aaction letter 决定通知active comparator 活性药物对照组active control = AC 阳性对照，活性对照active ingredient 有效成分Active Substance Master File (ASMF) 欧洲药物主文件acute myocardial infarction 急性心肌梗死acute tibial fractures 急性胫骨骨折adalimumab (Humira) 阿达木单抗adaptive design 自适应设计adaptive randomization 自适应随机ADE = adverse drug event 药物不良事件Adenoviral Vectors 腺病毒载体adequate and well-controlled studies 充分严格的对照研究ADHD = Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder注意力缺陷多动障碍; 注意力不足过动症; 多动症adhesion barrier product 防黏著产品adjuvant 助剂; 佐剂auxiliary;adjuvant therapy 佐药疗法，辅助疗法ADL = activities of daily living 日常生活活动能力ADME = absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion(药物)吸收、分配、代谢和排除ADR = adverse drug reaction 药物不良反应adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adrenal gland 肾上腺adrenaline 肾上腺素adulterated devices 掺假器械adverse drug reaction = ADR药物不良反应adverse effect 副作用adverse event = AE 不良事件adverse medical events 不良医学事件adverse reaction (adverse event) 药物不良反应advisory 提醒advocacy and support groups 倡导和支持团体AE = adverse event 不良事件AERS = Adverse Event Reporting System 不良事件报告系统BBIMO Bioresearch Monitoring Program 生物研究监测bioavailability (F) 生物利用度biochemical drugs 生化药品biocides 生物杀灭剂; 杀生物剂biocompatibility 生物相容性biodegradable 生物分解bio-engineered, transgenic food 转基因食物bioequivalence; bioequivalent 生物等效应biofilm 细菌薄膜, 生物膜biologic 生物制品biological response modifiers BRM 生物应答调节剂biological therapeutic agents 生物治疗药剂biomarker 生物标志物biometrics 生物统计; 生物识别技术bion stimulator 生物体刺激器bionic knee 仿生膝关节biopharma: biopharmaceutical products 生物药物产品bipolar 双相燥郁症birth defect 出生缺陷, 新生儿缺陷, 先天缺陷BLA = biologic license application 生物制品许可申请blank control 空白对照blend uniformity analysis 混合均匀度分析blind 盲法blind codes 编制盲底blind review 盲态审核blinding method 盲法blinding/ masking 盲法，设盲blister packaging 泡罩包装; 水泡眼block 分段;层block size 每段的长度blocked randomization 区组随机Ccase history 病历case record form = CRF病例报告表/病例记录表case report form 病例报告表cash curve 现金曲线cash trap 现金陷阱; 现金套牢categorical variable 分类变量CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments临床实验室改进修订案clinical (human) data 临床数据clinical endpoint临床终点clinical equivalence 临床等效应clinical hold 临床试验暂停通知clinical investigator 临床研究者Clinical Pharmacists 临床药师Clinical Research Coordinator = CRC临床研究协调者clinical study 临床研究Clinical Study Application = CSA临床研究申请clinical study report 临床试验的总结报告clinical trial 临床试验clinical trial application = CTA 临床试验申请clinical trial exemption = CTX 临床试验免责clinical trial protocol = CTP 临床试验方案Clinical Trial Report = CTR临床试验报告clinically significant results 有临床意义cohort 队列cohort studies 队列研究co-investigator = CI合作研究者comparison 对照Compassionate Use 体恤使用competitive labeling 优越标签Complementary And Alternative Therapy 补充性和非传统治疗Complete response 完全有效compliance 遵守；对遵守法规情况的监管composite variable 复合变量Compression Test 压缩试验computer-assisted trial design= CATD计算机辅助试验设计Con Meds = concomitant medications 联合用药confidence interval 可信区间confidence level 置信水平Confidentiality Regarding Trial Participants 为试验参与者保密control对照control group 对照组controlled clinical trials 临床对照实验Controlled Trials 对照试验Critical Path 关键路径CRM = continual reassessment method 连续重新评估方法crossover design 交叉设计cross-over study 交叉研究crossover therapy 交叉治疗CRF = case report form 病例报告表dosage form 剂型dosage regimen 给药方案dose-ranging study 剂量范围研究dose-reaction relation 剂量－反应关系dose-related adverse reactions 剂量相关的不良反应double blinding 双盲double dummy 双模拟double dummy 双模拟double dummy technique 双盲双模拟技术double-blind study 双盲研究Double-Masked Study 双盲研究DRGs = Diagnosis Related Group System 疾病诊断相关分组drop out 脱落drop test 落震试验;跌落试验drug eluting coronary stents 药物洗脱支架drug product 药物产品drug substance 原料药drug-drug interaction56 药物-药物相互作用drug-food interaction 药物-食物的相互作用EEPS = Electronic Entry Processing System 电子录入处理系统effectiveness 疗效efficacy 有效性测定efficacy (Of a drug or treatment) 药效；药品疗效EEMEA = European Medical Evaluation Agency; European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; European Medicines Agency 药物评价机构; 欧洲医药品管理局emergency envelope 应急信件Empiric Bayesian Multiple Gamma-Poisson Shrinker经验性贝氏法（伽玛泊松分布缩检法）empirical 经验性endpoint 终点endpoint criteria 终点指标factorial design 析因设计factorial trial 析因试验failure 无效，失败Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (1966) 公平包装和标签法False Claims Act 防制不实请求法false therapeutic claims 错误的疗效声明full analysis set 全分析集full factorial design 全因子试验法Iinclusion criteria 入选标准inclusion/exclusion criteria 入选/排除标准incremental exposure 食品中递增摄入量incubation period/latency period 潜伏期IND = Investigational New Drug 临床研究新药INDA = investigational new drug application NDA前申报阶段indemnity insurance 赔偿保险Independent Data Monitoring = IDM独立数据监察Independent Data Monitoring Committee = IDMC独立数据监察委员会independent ethics committee = IEC 独立伦理委员会indications 适应症investigational new drug = IND 临床研究新药investigational product 试验药物investigator 调研人员investigator's brochure = IB 研究者手册Mmasked 设盲mean absorption time = MAT(药物在体内的)平均吸收时间mean disintegration time = MDIT(药物在体内的)平均崩解时间Mean Dissolution Time = MDT (药物在体内的)平均释放时间Mean Residence Time = MRT(药物在体内的)平均滞留时间medical governance 医药治理Medicare 老年医疗保险制度；联邦老年医保medication guides (for patients) 用药指南Medicines Control Agency = MCA英国药品监督局Misbranding 错误标签; 冒牌Miscoding 编码错误missing value 缺失值mixed effect model 混合效应模式MLD = minimal lethal dose 最小致死剂量MoA = Mechanism of Action 作用机制;作用机理monitor 监查员monitoring plan监查计划monitoring report 监查报告MR = moderate response 好转MRA = Agreement on Mutual Recognition 相互承认协定MTD = maximal tolerance dose 最大耐受剂量multicenter trial 多中心试验multi-drug resistance 多药物抗药性multiple arm trials 多治疗组的试验mutual recognition procedure (EU) 相互承认程序OOS = Overall survival 总生存率Pparallel group design 平行组设计parameter estimation 参数估计parametric release 参数放行parametric statistics 参数统计方法patient file 病人档案patient global; pt global 病人总体评价patient history 病历per protocol ( PP) analysis 符合方案分析PFS = progression-free survival 无疾病进展存活率PGE = patient global evaluation 病人总体评价PHA = preliminary hazards analysis 预先危险分析pharmaceutical equivalence 药剂等效性pharmaceutics药剂学pharmacodynamics=PD 药物效应动力学; 简称药效学pharmacoepidemiology 药物流行病学pharmacokinetics = PK 药代动力学; 简称药动学pharmacology 药理学Pharmacovigilance105 药物警戒pharmacy 配药学PharMetrics claims database 索赔数据库PhRMA = Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America美国药物研究与生产商协会PIC=Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention 药品检查协定PIC/S Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme 药物检查合作计划pipeline assets 开发中产品PK = pharmacokinetics 药物代谢动力学; 药动学，药代动力学placebo 安慰剂placebo control 安慰剂对照placebo controlled study 安慰剂对照研究placebo effect 安慰剂效应PMA = premarket approval 上市前许可; 销售前批准PMCs = post marketing commitments 承诺药品上市后的继续研究PMDRA = Post Marketing Drug Risk Assessment 上市后药品风险评估(办公室) PMHx = Past Medical History 既往病史PMN = Premarket Notification 销售前通知PMS = Premenstrual syndrome 经前综合症POC (Proof-of-concept) Clinical Trials 概念证明POC = point-of-care testing 床旁分析polytomies 多分类pooled analysis = PA 荟萃分析postmarket surveillance 上市后监督post-marketing surveillance; postmarket safety surveillance 销售（上市）后监督power 把握度; 检验效能Pp = Process Performance 工序绩效Ppk = Process Performance Index 工序绩效指数precautions 慎用；注意事项precision 精密度preclinical (animal) data 临床前(动物实验)数据preclinical study 临床前研究predicate device = legally marketed device that is not subject to Premarket Approval (PMA)和已合法在市场上销售的且不需要做PMA“销售前批准”的Pre-market Approval (Application) = PMA上市前许可（申请）premarket notification 上市前通知pre-marketing surveillance 销售（上市）前监督preparing and submitting 起草和申报prescription drug 处方药preservation 保藏prevalence 患病率prevention trials预防试验primary (coronary) event 原位病变primary endpoint 主要终点primary mode of action = PMOA 首要作用模式primary variable 主要变量principal investigator = PI主要研究者Principles of Qualification 确认（验证）原则process controls 工艺控制process validation 工艺验证product codes 产品的号码product differentiation 产品差异化，产品特色化product license = PL 产品许可证product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期prognosis 预后progression-free survival = PFS 无进展生存progressive Disease PD 病情进展proof of principle study 原理循证研究propensity score 倾向性评分protocol 试验方案; 方案protocol amendment 方案补正prototype design 原型设计protozoa 原生动物门proven acceptable Range = PAR 确定可接受范围PTC = Product Technical Complaints 药品技术投诉Qqualification system for licensed pharmacist 执业药师资格准入制度qualified health claims 有保留的健康宣称Qualified Person = QP 受权人quality assurance = QA质量保证quality assurance unit = QAU质量保证部门quality control = QC 质量控制quality management systems 质量管理体系quality of life trials or supportive care trials 生存质量试验quality risk management = QRM 质量风险管理quantitative risk assessment 量化风险评估Rrandomization 随机化randomized trial 随机化试验randomized, double blinded clinical trial 随机双盲对照研究range check 范围检查rating scale 量表RCT = randomized clinical trials 随机临床试验RCT = randomized controlled trial 随机对照试验RDE: remote data entry 远距数据输入ready-to-eat foods 即食食品reagents 试剂recall 召回; 强制回收RECIST = Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 实体瘤的疗效评价标准reconditioning 整改; 货物重整理；货物重包装recycled plastics 可循环利用塑料制品reference product 参比制剂reference samples 标准样品regulatory methodology 质量管理方法regulatory methods validation 管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）regulatory specification 质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）rejection 排异remote monitoring system 远程监测系统; 远程监控REMS = Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies 风险评估和减缓战略risk 受害risk assessment (risk analysis + risk evaluation) 风险评估，论证risk classification 风险分类;Risk Communications Advisory Committee 风险交流咨询委员会risk evaluation (part of risk assessment) 风险评价risk/ benefit analysis 风险-获益分析risk-benefit ratio 效益/风险比route of administration 给药途径royalties 专利使用费RPN = Risk Priority Number 风险优先指数RR = Response rate 缓解率RSD = (intra-day and inter-day) relative standard deviations (日内和日间) 相对标准差Ssafety advisory 安全建议safety evaluation 安全性评价safety evaluators 安全性评估人员safety set 安全性评价的数据集screening trials 筛选性试验SD = standard deviation 标准(偏)差SE = substantial equivalence 实质上的等同Seal Strength Test 密封强度试验sequence 试验次序SFDA 129= State Food And Drug Administration 国家食品药品监督管理局SG & A= Sales, General and Administration 销售、管理和一般费用shaft 传动轴SHEA = Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 美国医院流行病学学会sheaths 护套shelf life 保存期限; 保质期SIC codes = Standard Industrial Classification codes 标准产业分类代码side effects 副作用significance level 显著性水平Significant Risk (SR) 显著的危险性simple randomization 简单随机simulation model 仿真模型single blinding单盲single-blind study 单盲研究single-masked study 单盲研究site assessment = SA现场评估site audit 试验机构稽查SMDA = Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 1990年安全医疗器械法SMF = Site Master File 生产场所主文件sNDA = supplemental NDA 疗效补充新药上市申请sponsor-investigator = SI 申办研究者spontaneous reports; voluntary reports 药品不良反应自愿报告SPS = Agreement on the Application Of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures卫生与植物卫生措施实施协议;简称SPS协议SSI = surgical site infection 手术部位感染SSOPs = Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures 卫生标准操作程序standard curve 标准曲线standard deviation 标准偏差standard drug 标准药物standard operating procedure = SOP 标准操作规程standard treatment 标准治疗Standards Of Care131 医护标准State Food and Drug Administration = SFDA国家食品药品监督管理局statistic 统计量statistical analysis plan = SAP 统计分析计划statistical model 统计模型statistical significance 统计学意义statistical tables 统计分析表Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry = PSI制药业统计学家协会steady-state Area Under the Curve = AUCss稳态药时曲线下面积/稳态血药浓度－时间曲线下面积stratified 分层study audit 研究稽查study endpoint 研究终点Study Personnel List = SPL研究人员名单study site研究中心study type 研究类型subchronic toxicity studies 亚慢性毒性研究subgroup 亚组sub-investigator 助理研究者subject 受试者subject diary = SD 受试者日记subject enrollment 受试者入选subject enrollment log = SEL受试者入选表Subject Identification Code List = SIC受试者识别代码表subject recruitment 受试者招募subject screening log = SSL受试者筛选表submission 申报；递交subspecialties, internal medicine 亚专科,内科substantial equivalence to legally marketed (predicate) device 和已合法在市场上销售的且不需要做PMA“销售前批准”的相似产品有实质上的等同Ttrain-the-trainer program 培训者培训计划treatment group 试验组treatment IND 治疗性试验性新药申请treatment trials 治疗性试验trial error 试验误差trial initial meeting 试验启动会议trial master file 试验总档案trial objective 试验目的trial site 试验场所TRICARE 军队医疗系统triple blinding 三盲two one-side test 双单侧检验UAE = unexpected adverse event 预料外不良事件unblinding 破盲;揭盲under reporting bias 少报偏差unexplained syncope 不明原因晕厥unresectable 不能手术切除variability 变异variable 变量WHO International Collaborating Center for Drug Monitoring(世界卫生组织)国际药物监测合作中心WHO International Conference of Drug Regulatory Authorities= WHO-ICDRAWHO国际药品管理当局会议WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring = PIDMWHO 国际药物监测合作计划。

case report of XXX(英文病例汇报)

The Third Section of The Department of Gastroenterology
Present illness:
The abdominal CT,MRI and M RCP all showed the dilatation of the bile ducts（both the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts）and the pancreatic ducts. Besides,the abdominal CT showed the enlargement of pancreas with the probability of pancreatic divisum.Then he was diagnosed as pancreatitis and the sy mptomatic treatment was applie d but the effect was not comfortable.
Sex: Male
Race: Han Nationality: China
father and himself
Reliability: Reliable
Address: XinYang,Henan.
Occupation: Excavator driver
The Third Section of The Department of Gastroenterology
amination report of the duodenal wall showed he was diagnosed T lymphoma.
The Third Section of The Department of Gastroenterology

case report范文

case report范文Case Report: A Rare Presentation of Gastrointestinal Stromal TumorIntroductionGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms that arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal or their precursors. They are relatively uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. This case report presents an unusual case of a GIST with a rare presentation and discusses its diagnosis, management, and outcome.Case PresentationA 52-year-old male presented to our hospital with a history of abdominal discomfort and weight loss over the past three months. Physical examination revealed a palpable abdominal mass in the right upper quadrant. Laboratory tests were within normal limits. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous mass in the liver, suggestive of a metastaticlesion. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed a large mass in the right lobe of the liver with multiple smaller lesions scattered throughout both lobes. There was also evidence of peritoneal seeding.The patient underwent a laparotomy, which revealed a large, firm, and encapsulated mass in the right lobe of the liver. The mass was resected along with a segment of the liver. Intraoperatively, there was no evidence of peritoneal metastasis. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a spindle cell neoplasm with mitoses and atypical cells. Immunohistochemistry staining was positive for CD117 (c-kit) and DOG-1, confirming the diagnosis of GIST.Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was discharged on the seventh postoperative day. He was started on imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) as adjuvant therapy. Follow-up CT scans showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis at six months and one year post-surgery.DiscussionGISTs can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but they are most commonly found in the stomach (60-70%) and small intestine (20-30%). They typically present as asymptomatic masses and are often diagnosed incidentally. However, symptoms can include abdominal pain, weight loss, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Metastasis is common, and the liver is the most frequent site of involvement.The diagnosis of GIST is confirmed by histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry staining. Surgical resection is the primary treatment modality for localized GISTs. The extent of resection depends on the size and location of the tumor. Adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib mesylate is recommended for patients with high-risk features, including large tumor size, high mitotic rate, and/or positive resection margins.The prognosis of GISTs varies depending on tumor size, mitotic rate, resection margins, and the presence of metastasis. Long-term survival is possible with complete resection andadjuvant therapy. Regular follow-up with CT scans is recommended to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.ConclusionThis case report highlights the importance of considering GIST in the differential diagnosis of abdominal masses. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, and adjuvant therapy with TKIs improves outcomes in patients with high-risk features. Regular follow-up is crucial for early detection of recurrence or metastasis.案例报告：胃肠道间质瘤罕见病例介绍胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）是起源于卡哈尔间质细胞或其前体的间叶性肿瘤。

Casereport病例报告2

Case report病例报告
Dr. med.vet. FVH G. Hartmeier Tierklinik Aarau West Switzerland
Signalement
• Gucci: Mix breed female, 12 y Gucci：混血雌性，12岁
• Since 3 months with the new owner 3个月前由新主人领养
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Follow up随访
• After 6 months relapse of the symptoms 6个月后症状复发
• Vomiting呕吐 • Weight loss体重减轻 • Inappetence食欲不振
→ Ultrasound超声检查
History病史
• Pollakisuria since 2 weeks2周前开始出现尿频 • Tenesmus里急后重 • Hematuria since yesterday昨天开始出现血尿
Problem list病症
• Pollakisuria尿频 • Tenesmus里急后重 • Hematuria血尿
症状没有完全消失
Surgery手术
• 2 x 4 cm mass in trigon region三角区有一个2x4cm肿块
• Both urethers free两侧导尿管都是通的 • Mass in toto excised肿块完全切除 • Regional lymph nodes biopsied局部淋巴结
1.031 9 ++ ++ +++ ++ ++
Extended problem list 更多病症

case-report病例汇报英文版

Diagnosis is clear.
重症医学科
Treatment
• Preoperative preparation for blood test, skin preparation, blood preparation, etc.
• Give anti-infection, dilute sputum, protect the stomach, relieve pain and other drug treatments.
重症医学科
Diagnostic Basis
The patient had a clear history of trauma and underwent imaging examination in our hospital.
Under the action of the same injury factor, it causes trauma more than 2 parts of his body, and the traumatic hemothorax and pneumothorax can be life-threatening.
• Cardiac,abdomen,head,pelvis,limb,artery,nerve: Negative finding.
• FAST: the perihepatic space, perisplenic space, pericardium and the pelvis:
重症医学科
Negative finding.
Past History •The patient is healthy before. •No history of infective diseases. •No allergy of food or drugs.

case report 写作顺序

case report 写作顺序
（原创实用版）
目录
1.引言
2.case report 的定义和作用
3.case report 的写作顺序
4.案例分析
5.结论
6.参考文献
正文
【引言】
在医学和科研领域，case report 是一种重要的学术论文形式，主要用于描述某个特定病例的详细情况，以及对该病例的分析和研究。

case report 不仅能够为医学界提供宝贵的实践经验，还能够推动医学科学的发展。

【case report 的定义和作用】
case report，即病例报告，是医学科研论文的一种形式，主要描述某个特定病例的详细情况，包括病情、诊断、治疗和结果等。

case report 的作用主要有两点：一是为医学界提供实践经验，二是推动医学科学的发展。

【case report 的写作顺序】
case report 的写作顺序通常包括以下几个部分：引言、病例介绍、病例分析、结论和参考文献。

【案例分析】
以某个具体病例为例，详细介绍了病例的诊断、治疗和结果，并对病例进行了深入分析。

【结论】
通过对这个病例的研究，得出了什么结论，这些结论对于医学实践和科研有何意义。

【参考文献】
列出了在写作这篇 case report 时引用的所有参考资料。

Case Report Adrenocortical Carcinoma with a Solita

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5 (2017) 9-12doi: 10.17265/2328-2150/2017.01.003Case Report: Adrenocortical Carcinoma with a Solitary Fibrous TumorMariélle Mendes Orlandi Tambellini1, Ana Carolina Silva e Costa2, Roberto Odebrecht Rocha2 and Danilo Giffoni de Mello Morais Mata21. Department of Medical Oncology, Servidor Municipal de São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo 01532-000, Brazil2. Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Marcelina Hospital, São Paulo 08452-590, BrazilAbstract: ACC (adrenocortical carcinoma) is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy with an overall five year survival rate from less than 50%. The majority of cases are accidentally diagnosed by imaging studies done for other reasons, so they are often diagnosed in the later stages. Due to the rarity of both neoplasms, the synchronous presentation and the lack of effective therapeutic options; we report a case concerning about a female patient with adrenal cancer with a low grade solitary fibrous tumor who underwent surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with good response.Key words: ACC (adrenocortical carcinoma), solitary fibrous tumor, rare neoplasm, Mitotane.1. IntroductionACC (adrenocortical carcinoma) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis [1] characterized by a high risk of recurrence after radical resection.However, there have been few randomized or controlled studies because of the rarity of the tumors. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. It is apparently curative, but more than half of all patients will have a recurrence.Mitotane is an important drug used alone or in combination with the drug cytotoxic in adjuvant or palliative treatments. It has been associated with cures, long term remissions, regression of metastases and increased survival.The solitary fibrous tumor is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by proliferation of spindle cells, usually affecting pleura, but it is often located in unusual locations [2].The incidence of solitary fibrous tumor with adrenocortical carcinoma is extremely rare; there is no report as yet published on this matter.Corresponding author: MMO Tambellini, M.D., research field: medical oncology. 2. Case ReportA 63-year-old female, presented to emergency due to uncontrolled high blood pressure (230 × 110 mmHg) associated with headache, tremors, excessive sweating, nausea and vomiting.Pathological past history included high blood pressure controlled with angiotensin inhibitors and diabetes controlled with sulfonylurea.Her oncological genetic load included her grandchild with PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor) in central nervous system.The patient had no abdominal mass on a physical exam. There were no other relevant data.Laboratory including full blood count, serum electrolytes, liver and kidney function tests, cortisol, catecholamine and urine metanephrines were all within normal ranges.CT (computed tomography) of the abdomen revealed the presence of a large left suprarenal mass measuring 138 × 92 mm (Fig. 1), with cystic areas (necrosis) and a left inguinal mass with 64 × 56 mm (Fig. 2).The patient underwent an open adrenalectomy and lymphadenectomy. Histopathological result confirmedAll Rights Reserved.Case Report: Adrenocortical Carcinoma with a Solitary Fibrous Tumor10Fig. 1 CT (computed tomography) image with left suprarenal mass.Fig. 2 CT (computed tomography) image with left inguinal mass.a suprarenal adrenocortical carcinoma and a solitaryfibrous tumor, pT3pNxM0 (tumor size: 18 cm, withcapsular, sinusoidal and vascular invasion,2 mitosis/10 high power field and coincident margins).There was good blood pressure control after surgery. She came to the Clinical Oncology Department in September 2014 sent by the Urology Department to do an adjuvant treatment evaluation. We began treatment with 500 mg of Mitotane by mouth once a day with a monthly increasing dose of 500 mg until 2 g/day (patient maximum dose tolerated).She underwent radiotherapy with 54 Gy in the left adrenal area.A six-monthly-radiological follow-up was chosen for the solitary fibrous tumor.After the second cycle the patient presented Grade 2 lymphopenia, Grade 1 asthenia, dizziness and adrenal insufficiency.After two years of therapy, she is completely asymptomatic with good Mitotane tolerance with no disease recurrence evident and is experiencing a good quality of life.3. DiscussionAdrenal Carcinoma is an aggressive malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis. It is a rare tumor and represents 0.2% of all neoplasias. Global incidences are 0.5~2 every 1,000,000 inhabitants per year [3]. It has a bimodal age distribution with higher incidences in children under the age of five and in adults in the fourth and fifth decades of life.Adrenal carcinoma shows no racial predilection and there is an approximate 4:3 woman to man ratio. Adults generally present with an advanced stage of the disease. Five-year survival rates are discouraging and vary from 16% to 38 % [4]. Complete surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment [5] for patients with the localized disease; however, due to a recurrence rate of 50~70%after apparent radical surgery, there is a strong rationale for a concomitant systemic treatment [6]. It is known that patients with adrenocortical carcinoma have an extremely poor prognosis when surgical removal of the tumor is not feasible [4]. Mitotane is the only medication approved by US Food and Drug Administration for adrenal carcinoma treatment. It was developed in 1960 as the insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) [1].All Rights Reserved.Case Report: Adrenocortical Carcinoma with a Solitary Fibrous Tumor11Mitotane is an immunosuppressive agent and is described as an adrenal cytotoxic agent, although itsexact mechanism of action is unknown, severalin-vitro studies have shown that Mitotane suppressesgene transcription of different enzymatic steps of thesteroidogenetic pathway [7]. It directly suppresses theadrenal cortex, both with and without cellular destruction. Production of corticosteroids is inhibitedand peripheral steroid metabolism is modified, leadingto increased excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids [1, 3].Mitotane monotherapy is indicated in the management of patients with a low tumor burdenand/or more indolent disease while patients whose disease show an aggressive behavior need cytotoxicchemotherapy [8].Adjuvant Mitotane treatment was associated withsome adverse events, which may be consideredacceptable, given the disease. Adverse events weremanageable, though a temporary reduction of theMitotane dose was necessary in some patients.Mitotane was not terminated because of adverseevents in many of the patients [4].The most important side effect is adrenal insufficiency, so concomitant glucocorticoid administration is recommended.Adjuvant radiotherapy is controversial, because of the adrenocortical carcinoma low radiosensitivity. It is indicated to reduce local recurrence.Palliative radiotherapy has been considered to reduce symptoms like bone pain, and central nervous system lesion or vena cava syndrome.However, only limited information on pain reduction, quality-of-life data, and duration of response is given in the published reports [9]. The patient of this case was treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, because of the positive margins at histopathology and the possibility of local recurrence.An adjuvant monotherapy was started with 500 mgof Mitotane and progressive increasing dose until 2 g/day with low toxicity and no disease evidence until this moment. The incidence of solitary fibrous tumor with adrenocortical carcinoma is extremely rare. Solitary fibrous tumor represents a spectrum of mesenchymal tumors. The most common sites of occurrence were abdomen and pleura; these tumorswere larger than those occurring in the extremities, head and neck or trunk, but did not demonstrate significant outcome differences.It is estimated that about 78% to 88% are benign and about 12% to 22% are malignant [2].Solitary fibrous tumors are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of the pleural cavity,increasingly recognized at numerous extrathoracic sites [10] and categorized as intermediate biological potential with a low risk of metastasis and relativelyindolent course, however, it may undergo malignanttransformation.Complete surgical resection is the treatment ofchoice. The long-term follow-up is important, becausethe solitary fibrous tumor can recur locally.4. ConclusionsThe incidence of solitary fibrous tumor associated with adrenocortical carcinoma is extremely rare, and there is no report in literature.Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for both tumors.Chemotherapy has been used in adjuvant and palliative scenario to control hormonal excess and induce tumor regression.Adjuvant radiotherapy is ineffective and should be considered only in special cases and palliative treatment.There has been little progress in the management of the disease, due to the rarity of both tumors, randomized studies are difficult to perform. Besides, new therapeutic strategies are needed.References [1] Luton, J. P., Cerdas, S., Billaud, L., Thomas, G.,All Rights Reserved.Case Report: Adrenocortical Carcinoma with a Solitary Fibrous Tumor 12Guilhaume, B., Bertagna, X., et al. 1990. “AdrenocorticalCarcinoma and Effect of Mitotane Therapy.” The NewEngland Journal of Medicine 322 (17): 1195-201.[2]Teixeira, U. F., Waechter, F. L., Sampaio, J. A.,Pereira-Lima, L. M., and Fontes, P. R. O. 2014. “TumorFibroso Solitário Retroperitoneal Volumoso.” Revista daAMRIGS 58 (3): 237-9.[3]Vilchis-Cárdenas, M. A., López-Verdugo, J. F.,Aragón-Tovar, A. R., Torres-Medina, E., Saldaña-Guajardo, M. J., García-Rodríguez, M. A., et al.2011. “Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Case Report andLiterature Review.” Rev. Mex. Urol. 71 (1): 47-56.[4]Terzolo, M., Ardito, A., Zaggia, B., Laino, F., Germano,A., De Francia, S., et al. 2012. “Management of AdjuvantMitotane Therapy Following Resection of AdrenalCancer.” Endocrine 42 (3): 521-5.[5]Ronchi, C. L., Kroiss, M., Sbiera, S., Deutschbein, T.,and Fassnacht, M. 2014. “Current and evolving treatmentOptions in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Where Do WeStand and Where Do We Want to Go?.” EJE Prize 2014:Current and Evolving Concepts in ACC 171: R1-11.[6]De Francia, S., Ardito, A., Daffara, F., Zaggia, B.,Germano, A., Berruti, A., et al. 2012. “Mitotane Treatment for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: An Overview.”Minerva Endocrinol. 37 (1): 9-23.[7]Terzolo, M., Zaggia, B., Allasino, B., and De Francia, S.2014. “Practical Treatment Using Mitotane for Adrenocortical Carcinoma.” Curr. Opin. Endocrinol.Diabetes Obes. 21 (3): 159-65.[8]Terzolo, M., Daffara, F., Ardito, A., Zaggia, B., Basile,V.,Ferrari,L.,et al.2014.“Management of Adrenal Cancer:A 2013 Update.” J. Endocrinol Invest. 37 (3): 207-17.[9]Polat, B., Fassnacht, M., Pfreundner, L., Guckenberger,M., Bratengeier, K., Johanssen, K., et al. 2009.“Radiotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.” Cancer115 (13): 2816-23.[10]Muñoz, E., Prat, A., Adamo, B., Peralta, S., Ramón yCajal, S., and Valverde, C. 2008. “A Rare Case ofMalignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Spinal Cord.”Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33 (12): E397-9.All Rights Reserved.。

Case Report-urachal carcinoma

CaseReport病例报告的书写

2021/4/13
实用文档
15
1. …were/appeared/showed/revealed (ab)normal/ , (but…)
·The right renal artery and branch arteries appeared normal without evidence of occlusion or stenosis from intrinsic vascular disease.
condition is rare, no standard
treatment regimen has been
estab实lis用h文e档d …”
8
After the problem is described, many authors close the introduction section by describing in one sentence the patient who represents the case.
“ This case report describes
clinical characteristics of a 67-year old man with small carcinoma of the prostate.”
This creates a smooth
transition to the next section,
The introduction is a brief overview of the larger problem addressed by the case. The overlying message of the section is, “ X is important to understand because…” For example:

英语病例报告作文

英语病例报告作文Title: Case Report: A Challenging Presentation of Infectious Mononucleosis。

Abstract:In this case report, we present the clinical course of a patient diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis (IM). The patient, a 22-year-old male, presented with a constellation of symptoms including fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, and fatigue. Despite initial suspicion of bacterial etiology, further investigation revealed a diagnosis of IM based on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and serological testing for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The patient was managed conservatively with supportive measures and discharged with appropriate follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering IMin the differential diagnosis of young adults presenting with similar symptoms and the significance of accurate diagnostic evaluation for appropriate management.Introduction:Infectious mononucleosis (IM), often caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, typically affects adolescents and young adults. The clinical presentation of IM can mimic various other conditions, posing diagnostic challenges. Here, we describe a case of IM in a 22-year-old male and discuss the clinical features, diagnostic approach, and management strategies.Case Presentation:A 22-year-old male presented to the outpatient department with complaints of fever, sore throat, and fatigue for the past week. He reported experiencing malaise and generalized weakness, which significantly impacted his daily activities. On examination, the patient appeared febrile with a temperature of 38.5°C. Physical examinat ion revealed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, particularlyin the posterior cervical chain. His oropharynx showed significant erythema and exudates, suggestive ofpharyngitis.Diagnostic Assessment:Given the clinical presentation, initial suspicion was directed towards bacterial pharyngitis, and a rapid streptococcal antigen test was performed, yielding negative results. However, due to the persistence of symptoms and the presence of lymphadenopathy, further evaluation was pursued. Complete blood count (CBC) revealed leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. Serological tests for EBV, including the heterophile antibody test (Monospot test) and EBV-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG), were ordered. The Monospot test was positive, confirming the diagnosis of IM. Additionally, serological testing demonstrated elevated levels of EBV-specific IgM antibodies, further supporting the diagnosis.Management and Follow-up:The patient was counseled regarding the nature of IM, its typical course, and the importance of adequate rest andhydration. Symptomatic management with analgesics and antipyretics was initiated to alleviate discomfort. Precautions regarding activity restriction were advised to prevent complications such as splenic rupture. The patient was instructed to follow-up in the outpatient clinic for monitoring of symptoms and resolution of acute illness. Subsequent visits revealed gradual improvement in symptoms, with resolution of fever and sore throat over the following weeks.Discussion:IM is a common viral illness characterized by a triad of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. While the majority of cases resolve spontaneously with supportive care, complications such as splenic rupture and airway obstruction can occur, necessitating vigilant management. Diagnosis of IM is primarily clinical, supplemented by laboratory tests such as the Monospot test and EBV-specific serological assays. However, false-negative results can occur, particularly early in the course of illness. Therefore, clinical suspicion and correlation withlaboratory findings are essential for accurate diagnosis.Conclusion:This case illustrates the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of infectious mononucleosis in a young adult. Despite initial suspicionof bacterial pharyngitis, comprehensive evaluation led to the accurate diagnosis of IM based on clinical features and serological testing for EBV. Timely recognition and appropriate management are crucial in mitigating complications and facilitating recovery in patients with IM. Further research is warranted to explore optimal diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions for this commonviral illness.。