外文翻译油气储运
油气储运专业英语reading部分翻译
Petroleum and Its Modern Uses[1] Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are the most widely used sources of energy in the m odern world. They are of primary importance in the industrialized countries, where vast am ounts of energy are consumed to operate the different kinds of machines used today. The se three energy sources are collectively referred to as fossil fuels.石油、煤炭和天然气是现代世界最广泛使用的能源。
它们在工业化国家中最为重要，在这些国家，人们消耗大量的能源来操作今天使用的各种机器。
这三种能源统称为化石燃料。
[2] At various depths beneath land and sea, there are accumulations of hydrocarbons form ed millions and even hundreds of millions of years ago by decomposition of animal and v egetable remains. They were covered by sand or mud, which in time was itself covered by the water of the seas. Hydrocarbons are compounds of hydrogen and carbon which, at n ormal temperatures and pressures, may be gaseous, liquid or solid according to their mole cular complexity. The natural deposits are correspondingly gaseous, liquid or solid, dependi ng on the relative proportion of the various hydrocarbons present in mixture. Petroleum is composed largely of the remains of these tiny marine animals and plants that lived so lo ng ago.在陆地和海洋的不同深处，有数百万年甚至数亿年前由于动物和植物残骸的分解而形成的碳氢化合物的积聚。
油气储运专业英语
Unit onewell fluids 井流natural gas 天然气hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢free water 游离水，自由水water vapor 水蒸气end product 终端产品field-processing method 现场处理法，现场加工法rate of flow =flow rate流量sales line 销售管线flowing pressure 流动压力operating pressure 操作压力lease operating 矿场操作压力mechanical separation 机械分离basic sediment 底部沉淀物gathering system 收集系统gas transmission company 输气公司mist extractor 除雾器，捕雾气relief valve 泄压阀，安全阀safety head 安全头liquid level 液位control valve 控制阀gas hydrates 气化水合物freezing temperature 冰冻温度，凝固温度anti-freeze agent 防冻剂glycol dehydrator 甘醇脱水器bubble cap 泡罩，泡帽surge tank 缓冲罐still column 蒸馏柱，蒸馏塔heat exchanger 换热器drying agent 干燥剂molecular-sieve 分子筛desiccant bed干燥剂床层expansion refrigeration 膨胀制冷homogeneous mixture 匀质混合物pressure drop 压降water-in-oil type 水包油型reverse emulsion 反相乳状液heater- actable加热处理器electrostatic coalescer 静电聚结器chem-electric treater电化学处理器free water knockout （FWKO）游离水分离器retention time 停留时间gas vent 通气口，通气管deflector baffle 导流挡板access manway人孔butterfly valve 蝶阀coalescing baffle 聚结板stock tank 罐群，罐组bolted tank 螺栓罐welded tank 焊接罐suction line 吸入管线back pressure 回压背压salt water bearing formation 含盐水底层offshore production platform 海洋采油平台Unit twoatable emulsion 稳定乳化液emulsifying agent 乳化剂organic acid 有机酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙iron sulfide 硫化铁discontinuous phase 非连续相dispersed phase 分散相internal phase 内相continuous phase 连续相enternal phase 外相dual emulsion 双重乳化液Brownian movement 布朗运动polar molecule极性分子electrostatic line of force电力线auxiliary process辅助工艺treating process 处理工艺处理过程direct heater 直接加热indirect heater 间接加热noncorrosive emulsion 非腐蚀性乳状液tubular heater 管式加热fluid-jacket heater 水套加热internal firebox heater 内火炉加热pipe still 管式炉return bend 回弯头，180度弯头bank of tubes 管排，管束hot spot 局部过热，过热点scale deposit 水垢结垢annular space 环形空间heating load 热负荷，热栽荷exhaust stack 排气烟囱distributor pipe 分配管，布液管uneven flow 不均匀流动water bath 水垢tube bundle 管束open flame 明火emulsion breaker 破乳剂surface active 表面活性剂emulsion-breaker chemical 破乳剂chemical injection pump 化学药剂注入泵displacement-type 置换式，容积式plunger pump柱塞泵batch treating 批量处理tank deck 罐顶Unit eightfloating-roof tank 浮顶罐fixed-roof tank 固定顶罐breathing loss 呼吸损耗temperate climate 温带气候open vented tank 通大气罐pressure setting 压力设定值breathing vent valve 呼吸（通气）阀bulk storage 散装储存static electric charge 静电电荷single deck 单盘，单夹板pan-type roof 盘装（浮）顶R.V.P.(=Reid Vapor Pressure)double-deck 双（浮）盘metallic ring seal 金属密封盘tank shell 罐壁steel shoe （密封的）钢导向板，钢滑板synthetic rubber 合成橡胶pantagraph hanger （挂配重用的）缩放吊架static discharge 静电放电fabric seal 织物密封fuel oil 燃料油rust scale 铁锈weather shield 风雨档，挡风雨办bleeder vent 透气孔non-return valve 止回阀，单向阀aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃wind girder 抗风圈fire-fighting 消防，防火curb angle 包边角钢Chapter 2 Pipelinesaviation gasoline 航空汽油branch line 支线city utility 城市公共事业corrosion potential 腐蚀电位，腐蚀倾向crude trunk line 原油干线development well 开发井distribution network 配气管线distribution terminal 分配油库environmental protection laws 环境保护法environmental review 环境评估fired heater 加热炉fractionation plant 分馏厂gas transmission line 输气干线（管道）gathering system 收集系统，集油（气）系统2.5pumps and pump stations Atmospheric pressure 大气压booster station 增压站capacity rating 额定生产率date acquisition system 数据采集系统discharge pressure 排出压力drilling rig 钻机drilling mud 钻井泥浆duplex pump 双缸泵electric motor电动机end-suction pump 端面吸入泵environmental protection 环境保护evaporation losses 蒸汽损耗float tank operation 旁接罐操作head-capacity curve 扬程-流量曲线initial station 首站，始发站inline pump 管道泵（进出口在一条直线上）intermediate station 中间站interstate pipeline 洲际管线meter prover 流量计标定装置，标准体积管miscellaneous suction head 杂费net positive suction head (NPSH)汽蚀余量，泵入口出的绝对压力oil recovery 原油回收，原有采集率originating station 首站，始发站pressurized tank 压力罐prime mover 原动机put and take operation 罐到罐操作rating curves 额定曲线，特性曲线reciprocating pump 往复泵scraper trap 刮管器收发筒，清管器收发筒shaft horsepower 轴功率side-suction pump 侧面吸入泵smart pig 智能清管器spare pump 备用泵specific speed 比转速station site 站址suction booster pump 吸入增压泵，喂油泵suction heater 吸入汇管suction pressure吸入压力tight line operation 密闭操作triplex pump 三缸泵vapor lock 气锁2.6 CompressorsAir cooler 空气冷却器brake horsepower 制动功率，轴功率centrifugal compressor 离心式压缩机compressibility factor 压缩因子compression ratio 压缩比connecting rod 连杆clearance volume 余隙容积heat capacity 热容ideal gas 理想气体Interstage cooling 级间冷却kinetic energy 动能load-carrying capacity 承载能力lubrication oil 润滑油。
油气储运 我秀我专业(修改)
浙江海洋学院石化与能源工程学院
穿越在银河的火箭队
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
本校油气储运专业的优势：
1、石油方向 浙江海洋学 院石化与能源工程学院是 舟山市油品质量检测培训
考核中心。可以考出油品
计量证，这对于以后的工 作很有帮助。中石化、中 海粮油、中化集团在舟山 都有战略储备油库。
中国石油勘探开发研究院 宁波工程学院
浙江海洋学院
北京石油化工学院 徐州空军学院 中国人民解放军后勤指挥学院 沈阳化工学院
茂名学院
重庆科技学院 哈尔滨商业大学 青岛科技大学
浙江海洋学院石化与能源工程学院
穿越在银河的火箭队
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
浙江海洋学院石化与能源工程学院
穿越在银河的火箭队
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
本校的清洁能源必将会有更加广 阔的发展空间。浙江省天然气 管道基本铺设完全 ，各个地区 /市加气站也会蓬勃发展，这都 需要油气储运专业技能的定向 人才。我院与舟山安监局合办 的安全员证书考试对以后进入 天然气行业的同学很有帮助。
浙江海洋学院石化与能源工程学院
穿越在银河的火箭队
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
主要课程：
有机化学、工程图学、电工电子学、化工机械基 础、石油商品学、工程流体力学、油库设计与管 理、油气储运安全技术与管理、输油管道设计与 管理、储运工程施工技术与管理、油品计量、油 品质量检验、燃气输配、测量仪表与自动化等 。
油气储运专业英语
储运专业英语英译汉单词翻译CH1.Oil and Gas Fields 油气田1.1 An In roducti on to oil and gas product iong 油气生产介绍1.1.1 gas processgi ng 气体加工1.1.2 oil processing 原油加工1.1.3 water processing 水处理1.1.4 sand treatment 砂处理1.1.5 auxiliary equipment 辅助设备1.2 Brief description of crude oil surface treatment 原油地面处理简介1.2.1 separators 分离器1.2.2 oil treating原油处理1.2.3 heater-treaters加热处理器1.2.4 free water kno ckouts(FWKOs)游离水脱除器1.2.5vertical treaters 立式处理器1.2.6 stabilizati on and sweete ning of crude oil 原油的稳定和脱酸1.2.7 storage tanks 储罐1.3 Treating oil field emulsions 油田乳状液的处理1.3.1 theory of emulsions 乳状液理论1.3.2 the major reas ons for dehydrat ing crude oil 原油脱水的主要原因1.3.3 treating methods 处理方法1.3.4 some common terms 一些常用术语1.4 Overview of gas-handling facilities 气体处理设备概论1.5 Trays and packing 塔板和填料1.5.1trays 塔板1.5.1.1 sieve trays 筛板1.5.1.2 valve trays 阀板1.5.1.3 bubble cap trays 泡罩塔板1.5.1.4 high capacity/high efficiency trays 高处理量/高效塔板1.5.1.5 bubble cap trays vs. valve trays 泡罩塔板与阀板的比较1.5.1.6 tray efficie ncy and tower height 塔板效率和塔高1.5.2 packing 填料1.5.2.1 random packing 随机填料1.5.2.2 stripping service 规整填料1.6 Gas sweetening 气体脱酸1.6.1 gas sweete ning processes 气体脱硫工艺1.6.2amine processes 胺工艺1.6.3 physical solve nt processes 物理溶剂工艺1.6.4direct con version of H2S to sulfur H2S 直接转换为硫磺1.6.5 gas permeation 气体渗透1.7 Dehydration of natural gas 天然气脱水1.7.1 hydrates 水合物1.7.2 dehydratoin of natural gas 天然气脱水1.7.2.1 dew-point depression 露点降1.7.2.2 liquid-desiccant dehydrators 液体干燥剂脱水器1.8 Hydrocarb on recovery and conden sate stabilizati on 烃回收和凝液稳定1.8.1hydrocarbon recovery processes 烃回收工艺1.8.2absorber and stripper units 吸收塔和气提装置1.8.3 con de nsate stabilizatio n 凝液稳定CH2 Pipeli nes 管道2.1 types of pipelines 管道类型2.1.1 oil pipelines 输油管道2.1.1.1 flowlines 出油管2.1.1.2 gathering lines 集油管道2.1.1.3crude trunk lines 原油干线管道2.1.2 gas pipelines 输气管道2.1.2.1gas gathering 集气管道2.1.2.2gas transmission 输气干线2.1.3 products pipelines 成品油管道2.2 other pipelines 其他管道2.2.1two-phase pipelines 两相流管道2.2.2LNG pipelines液化天然气管道2.2.3 CO2 pipeli nes CO2 管道2.2.4 coal slurry pipelines 煤浆管道2.3 rheology 流变学2.3.1 what is rheology? 什么是流变学？2.3.2 viscosity 黏度2.3.3 non-newtonian liquids 非牛顿流体2.3.4 high pour and high viscosity 高倾点和高粘度2.4 line pipes管道用管2.4.1 specifications 规范2.4.2 steel pipe 钢管2.4.3 other types of pipe其他类型的管子2.5 pumps and pump stations 泵和泵站2.5.1 investment distributions 投资分配2.5.2 pump stations 泵站2.5.2.1 the nu mber of pump stati ons 泵站数2.5.2.2 station equipment 泵站设备2.5.3 pumps 泵2.5.3.1 centrifugal pumps 容积泵2.5.4 types of station operation 泵站操作类型2.5.4.1 put and take operation 罐到罐操作2.5.4.2 float tank operation 旁接罐操作2.5.4.3 tight line operation 密闭操作2.6 compressors 压缩机2.6.1 reciprocating compressors 往复式压缩机2.6.2 centrifugal compressors 离心压缩机2.6.3 compression ratio 压缩比264 capacity and horsepower 流量和功率265 other con sideratio ns 其他考虑因素2.7 gas turbines 燃气透平2.7.1 types of gas turbines 燃气透平类型2.7.2 operation 操作2.8 pipeline pigging 管道清管2.8.1 pigging 清管2.8.2 example of pigging operatings 清管操作的例子2.8.3 launching and receiving 发送和接收2.9 pipe coati ng管子覆盖层2.9.1 exterior corrosion coating 夕卜防腐覆盖层2.9.2 con crete coati ng 混凝土加重层2.10 in spection and rehabilitati on 检查和修复2.10.1 inspecion 检查2.10.2 in-line tools 管内检查器2.10.3 rehabilitation 修复2.10.3.1 external corrosion 外腐蚀2.10.3.2 trans alaska pipeline repair横贯阿拉斯加管道的修理CH3 storage facilities 储存设施3.1 storage 储存3.1.1 crude storage 原油储存3.1.2 natural gas liquids 天然气凝析油3.1.3 natural gas天然气储存3.1.4LNG液化天然气3.2 tand classification 罐的分类3.2.1 tank classification 储罐分类3.2.1.1 atmospheric tanks 常压罐3.2.1.2 low-pressure tanks 低压罐3.2.1.3 pressure vessels (high-pressure tan ks )压力容器(高压罐)3.2.2 major tank components 储罐主要部件3.2.2.1 fixed-foof tanks 固定顶储罐3.2.2.2 floating-roof tanks 浮顶罐3.2.2.3 tank bottoms 罐底3.3 floating roofs 浮顶3.3.1 external floating roofs 外浮顶3.3.1.1 roof types 顶的类型3.3.1.2 support legs 支柱3.3.1.3 vents 通风3.3.1.4 drain age 排水3.3.1.5 wind girders 抗风圈3.3.2 internal floating roofs 内浮顶3.3.2.1 steel roofs 钢顶3.3.2.2 aluminum roofs 铝顶3.4 rim seals边缘密圭寸341 external floating-roof seals 外浮顶密圭寸341.1 mechanical shoe seals 机械滑板密圭寸341.2 resilint toroid seals 弹性环密圭寸3.4.1.3 flexible wiper seals 柔性刷密圭寸3.4.1.4 weather shield 风雨罩3.4.2 in ternal float in g-roof seals 内浮顶密圭寸3.5 tank emissions and venting 储罐发散物和通风3.5.1 mechanisms of evaporation losses 蒸发损耗机理3.5.1.1 fixed-roof tanks 固定顶储罐3.5.2 tank type and emissions 储罐类型和发散3.5.2.1 fixed-roof tanks 固定顶罐3.5.2.2 external float in g-roof tanks 外浮顶罐3.5.2.3 in ternal floati ng-roof tanks 内浮顶罐3.5.3PV valves压力真空阀3.5.3.1 general 概要3.5.3.2 how the PV valve works PV 阀的工作3.5.4 emergency venting 应急泄压3.6 tank foundations 储罐基础3.6.1 in troduction to tank foun datio ns 储罐基础介绍3.6.1.1 preliminary studies 初步研究3.6.1.2 soil investigations 土壤研究3.6.2 imprta nt eleme nts to con sider in foun dati on desig n 基础设计中考虑的重要因素3.6.2.1 foundation elevation 基础标高3.6.2.2 drain age 排水3.6.2.3 oil sand under tank bottom 罐底下的油砂3.6.3 tank foundation types 储罐基础类型3.6.3.1 concrete ringwall foundations 混凝土圈座基础3.6.3.2 crushed-srone ringwall foundations 碎石圈座基础3.6.3.3compacted soil foundations 夯土基础3.6.3.4 slab foundations 平板基础3.6.3.5 pile-supported fou ndatio ns 桩柱支撑基础3.7 fire prevention and foam system 防火和泡沫系统3.7.1 foam fire fighting systems 泡沫灭火系统3.7.1.1 fluidity 流动性3.7.1.2 expansion 膨胀性3.7.1.3drainage rate 吸水率3.7.2 foam making devices 泡沫发生装置3.8 oil storage in rock caverns 在岩洞内储存石油3.8.1 storage at 1 atmosphere 在大气压下储存3.8.2 cavern design and constrution 岩洞设计及建造3.8.3 general operation and maintenance 操作和维护3.8.3.1 pumps 泵3.8.3.2 heating 加热3.8.3.3 sludge 沉积物3.8.3.4 level control and volume measurement 液位控制和体积测量3.8.4 advantages of rock cavern storage 岩洞储存的优点CH4 construcion 建设4.1 land pipeline construction 陆上管道建设4.1.1 construction classification 建设分类4.1.2 land pipeli ne con structio n 陆上管道建设4.2 pipeline installation and road/river crossing 管道安装和管道/河流穿越4.2.1 installaton 安装4.2.2 road/river crossings 道路/河流的穿越4.2.3 testing 试压4.2.4 drying and cleaning 干燥和清管4.2.5 stati on con struct ion 站的建设4.3 offshore pipeli ne con struct ion 海洋管道建设4.3.1 conventional lay barge 常规铺管船4.3.2 reel barge 卷筒船4.3.3 vertical pipelaying 垂直铺管4.4 pull methods and tie-in 牵引法和碰固定口连接4.4.1 pull methods 牵引法4.4.2 tie-in碰固定口连接4.5 welding techniques and equipment 焊接技术和设备4.5.1 welding processes 焊接工艺4.5.2 welding procedures and equipment 焊接程序及设备4.5.2.1 weld passes 焊道4.5.2.2 manual welding 手工焊接4.5.2.3 automatic weldi ng 自动焊4.5.2.4 preparation for welding 焊接准备4.5.2.5 inspection and testing 检查与试验4.5.2.6 weld defects 焊接缺陷4.5.3 other joining methods 其他连接方法CH5 corrosion 腐蚀5.1 cause of underground corrosion 地下腐蚀的原因5.1.1 electrolytic corrosion 电解腐蚀5.1.2 galvanic corrosion 电池腐蚀5.1.2.1 dissimilar metals 不同金属5.1.2.2 dissimilar environments 不同环境5.2 cathodic protection fun dame ntals 阴极保护的基本原理5.2.1 corrosion and corrosion control 腐蚀和服饰控制5.2.1.1 electrically in sulati ng anode area from cathodic area 阳极区和阴极区的电绝缘5.2.1.2 electrically in sulati ng anode or cathode from the elecrolyte 阳极或阴极与电解质的电绝缘5.2.1.3 treatme nt of electrolyte 电解质处理5.2.1.4 use of nonmetallic materials 非金属材料的应用5.2.2 cathodic protection 阴极保护5.221 galvanic cathodic protection systems 原电池阴极保护系统5.222 impressed current systems 夕卜加电流系统5.2.3 desig n and criteria for cathodic protectio n 阴极保护的设计和准则5.3 pipeline corrosion 管道腐蚀5.3.1 estimating the corrosion risk 腐蚀风险评估5.3.1.1 intrinsic corrosiveness of the soil 土壤固有的腐蚀性5.3.1.2 electrolytic effects 电解作用5.3.2 corrosi on protect ion 腐蚀防护5.3.2.1 in sulati ng coat in gs 绝缘涂层5.3.2.2 cathodic protection 阴极保护5.3.2.3 protection against electrolysis 电解的保护5.4 tank corrosion 储罐腐蚀5.4.1 descriptive n ature of tank corrosio n 储罐腐蚀性质描述541.1 atmospheric corrosion 大气腐蚀5.4.1.2 product side corrosion 油品接触面腐蚀5.4.1.3 bottom corrosion 罐底腐蚀5.4.1.4 vapor space corrosion 蒸气空间腐蚀5.4.1.5 in terface corrosi on 界面腐蚀5.4.1.6 bottom underside corrosion 罐底下侧腐蚀5.4.2 corrosi on con trol and preve ntio n 腐蚀控制及防护5.4.3 specific storage tank corrosion service problems 专用储罐的腐蚀问题（石油产品）5.4.3.1 crude oil tanks 原油储罐5.4.3.2 refined hydrocarbon storage tanks 成品油储罐5.4.4 corrosi on preve nti on with linings 用涂层防腐5.4.4.1 basic types of lining 涂层的基本类型5.4.4.2 surface preparation 表面预处理5.4.4.3 precleaning 预清洗5.4.4.4 abrasive blasting 喷磨处理5.4.4.5 other surface preparation methods 其他表面预处理方法5.4.5 corrosi on preve nti on with cathodic protect ion 用阴极保护防止腐蚀5.4.5.1 cathodic protection 阴极保护5.4.5.2 polarization 极化5.4.5.3 electrical potential measurement 电位测量5.4.5.4 current requirements 电流需求5.4.5.5 internal versus exter nal cathodic protect ion 内部与外部阴极保护CH6 metering installations 计量装置6.1 metering gases 气体计量6.1.1differential pressure meters 差压流量计6.1.2 positive-displacement meters（PD）容积式流量计（PD）6.1.3 turbine-type meters 涡轮流量计6.1.4 mass-flow meters 质量流量计6.2metering of liquids 液体计量6.2.1 types of meters in use 在用流量计类型6.2.2 positive-displacement meters 容积式流量计6.2.3 turbine meters 涡轮流量计6.2.4 meter calibration 流量计标定6.3 BTU measurement 热值测量。
油气储运毕业论文翻译原文
( 1of6 )United States Patent Application20050205157 Kind Code A1 Hutchinson, Ray J. September 22, 2005Service station leak detection and recovery systemAbstractA fueling environment that distributes fuel from a fuel supply to fuel dispensers in a daisy chain arrangement with a double walled piping system. Fuel leaks that occur within the double walled piping system are returned to the underground storage tank by the outer wall of the double walled piping. This preserves the fuel for later use and helps reduce the risk of environmental contamination. Leak detectors may also be positioned in fuel dispensers detect leaks and provide alarms for the operator and help pinpoint leak detection that has occurred in the piping system proximate to a particular fuel dispenser or in between two consecutive fuel dispensers.Inventors:Hutchinson, Ray J.; (Houma, LA)Correspondence Name and Address: WITHROW & TERRANOVA, P.L.L.C. P.O. BOX 1287CARYNC27512USAssignee Name and Adress:GILBARCO INC. GreensboroNCSerial No.: 131823Series Code: 11Filed: May 18, 2005U.S. Current Class:141/311A U.S. Class at Publication:141/311.00A Intern'l Class: B65B 001/04Claims1-20. (canceled)21. A method of detecting a leak in a fueling environment's fueling distribution system with a fuel dispenser, said method comprising: dispensing fuel throughout a fueling environment in an inner conduit of a double walled conduit; capturing a leak from the inner conduit with an outer conduit of the double walled conduit; returning fluid leaked into the outer conduit to an underground storage tank through a submersible turbine pump.22. The method of claim 21, wherein returning fluid leaked into the outer conduit through the submersible turbine pump comprises allowing fluid to pass into a casing construction of the submersible turbine pump.23. The method of claim 21, wherein returning fluid leaked into the outer conduit through the submersible turbine pump comprises opening a valve associated with the submersible turbine pump to allow fluid to pass into a casing construction of the submersible turbine pump.24. The method of claim 21, wherein returning fluid leaked into the outer conduit to the underground storage tank through the submersible turbine pump comprises connecting the fluid to a double walled pipe connecting the submersible turbine pump to the underground storage tank.25. The method of claim 21, wherein dispensing fuel throughout the fueling environment comprises dispensing fuel with a main and branch piping arrangement.26. The method of claim 21, wherein dispensing fuel throughout the fueling environment comprises dispensing fuel with a daisy-chained piping arrangement.27. The method of claim 21, further comprising detecting the leak.28. The method of claim 27, further comprising reporting the leak.29. The method of claim 28, wherein reporting the leak comprises reporting the leak to an element selected from the group consisting of: a site controller, a tank monitor, a site communicator, and a location remote from the fueling environment.30. The method of claim 27, wherein detecting the leak comprises detecting the leak with a leak detection probe positioned in the outer conduit.31. The method of claim 27, wherein detecting the leak comprises detecting the leak with a leak detection probe positioned in a fuel dispenser manifold.32. The method of claim 21, wherein returning fluid leaked into the outer conduit comprises assisting the returning with a vacuum.33. The method of claim 21, wherein returning fluid leaked into the outer conduit comprises using gravity to bring fluid to the submersible turbine pump.34. A fueling environment, comprising: a fuel storage tank; a submersible turbine pump associated with the fuel storage tank; at least one fuel dispenser; a double walled piping network fluidly coupling the fuel storage tank to the at least one fuel dispenser such that fuel is dispensed throughout the fueling environment in an inner conduit and leaks from the inner conduit are captured in an outer conduit and returned to the fuel storage tank through the submersible turbine pump.35. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the at least one fuel dispenser comprises fuel handling components.36. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the submersible turbine pump comprises a casing construction and fluid returned to the fuel storage tank through the submersible turbine pump passes into the casing construction.37. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the submersible turbine pump comprises a valve adapted to open to return fluid leaked into the outer conduit through the submersible turbine pump.38. The fueling environment of claim 34, further comprising a double walled pipe connecting the submersible turbine pump to the fuel storage tank, said double walled pipe returning fluid from the submersible turbine pump to the fuel storage tank.39. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the fuel storage tank comprises an underground storage tank.40. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the double walled piping network comprises a main and branch piping arrangement.41. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the double walled piping network comprises adaisy-chained piping arrangement.42. The fueling environment of claim 34, further comprising a leak detector adapted to detect leaks.43. The fueling environment of claim 42, wherein the leak detector is further adapted to report any leaks.44. The fueling environment of claim 42, wherein the leak detector reports any leaks to an element selected from the group consisting of: a site controller, a tank monitor, a site communicator, and a location remote from the fueling environment.45. The fueling environment of claim 42, wherein the leak detector is positioned in the outer conduit.46. The fueling environment of claim 42, wherein the leak detector is positioned in a fuel dispenser manifold.47. The fueling environment of claim 34, further comprising a vacuum source adapted to assist the return of fluid leaked into the outer conduit.48. The fueling environment of claim 34, wherein the double walled piping network is arranged such that fluid leaked into the outer conduit returns to the submersible turbine pump at least in part via gravity.DescriptionFIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel recovery system for recovery leaks that occur in fuel supply piping in a retail fueling environment.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002] Managing fuel leaks in fueling environments has become more and more important in recent years as both state and federal agencies impose strict regulations requiring fueling systems to be monitored for leaks. Initially, the regulations required double walled tanks for storing fuel accompanied by leak detection for the tanks. Subsequently, the regulatory agencies have become concerned with the piping between the underground storage tank and the fuel dispensers and are requiring double walled piping throughout the fueling environment as well.[0003] Typically, the double walled piping that extends between fuel handling elements within thefueling environment terminates at each end with a sump that is open to the atmosphere. In the event of a leak, the outer pipe fills and spills into the sump. The sump likewise catches other debris, such as water and contaminants that contaminate the fuel caught by the sump, thereby making this contaminated fuel unusable. Thus, the sump is isolated from the underground storage tank, and fuel captured by the sump is effectively lost.[0004] Coupled with the regulatory changes in the requirements for the fluid containment vessels are requirements for leak monitoring such that the chances of fuel escaping to the environment are minimized. Typical leak detection devices are positioned in the sumps. These leak detection devices may be probes or the like and may be connected to a control system for the fueling environment such that the fuel dispensing is shut down when a leak is detected.[0005] Until now, fueling environments have been equipped with elements from a myriad of suppliers. Fuel dispensers might be supplied by one company, the underground storage tanks by a second company, the fuel supply piping by a third company, and the tank monitoring equipment by yet a fourth company. This makes the job of the designer and installer of the fueling environment harder as compatibility issues and the like come into play. Further, it is difficult for one company to require a specific leak detection program with its products. Interoperability of components in a fueling environment may provide economic synergies to the company able to effectuate such, and provide better, more integrated leak detection opportunities.[0006] Any fuel piping system that is installed for use in a fueling environment should advantageously reduce the risk of environmental contamination when a leak occurs and attempt to recapture fuel that leaks for reuse and to reduce excavation costs, further reducing the likelihood of environmental contamination. Still further, such a system should include redundancy features and help reduce the costs of clean up.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION[0007] The present invention capitalizes on the synergies created between the tank monitoring equipment, the submersible turbine pump (STP), and the fuel dispenser in a fueling environment.A fluid connection that carries a fuel supply for eventual delivery to a vehicle is made between the underground storage tank and the fuel dispensers via double walled piping. Rather than use the conventional sumps and low point drains, the present invention drains any fuel that has leaked from the main conduit of the double walled piping back to the underground storage tank. This addresses the need to recapture the fuel for reuse and to reduce fuel that is stored in sumps which must later be retrieved and excavated by costly service personnel.[0008] The fluid in the outer conduit may drain to the underground storage tank by gravity coupled with the appropriately sloping piping arrangements, or a vacuum may be applied to the outer conduit from the vacuum in the underground storage tank. The vacuum will drain the outer conduit. Further, the return path may be fluidly isolated from the sumps, thus protecting the fuel from contamination.[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the fuel dispensers are connected to one another via a daisy chain fuel piping arrangement rather than by a known main and branch conduit arrangement. Fuel supplied to a first fuel dispenser by the STP and conduit is carried forward to other fuel dispensers coupled to the first fuel dispenser via the daisy chain fuel piping arrangement. The daisy chain is achieved by a T-intersection contained within a manifold in each fuel dispenser. Fuel leaking in the double walled piping is returned through the piping network through each downstream fuel dispenser before being returned to the underground storage tank.[0010] The daisy chain arrangement allows for leak detection probes to be placed within each fuel dispenser so that leaks between the fuel dispensers may be detected. The multiplicity of probes causes leak detection redundancy and helps pinpoint where the leak is occurring. Further, the multiple probes help detect fuel leaks in the outer conduit of the double walled piping. This is accomplished by verifying that fuel dispensers downstream of a detected leak also detect a leak. If they do not, a sensor has failed or the outer conduit has failed. A failure in the outer piping is cause for serious concern as fuel may be escaping to the environment and a corresponding alarm may be generated.[0011] Another possibility with the present invention is to isolate sumps, if still present within the fuel dispenser, from this return path of captured leaking fuel such that contaminants are precluded from entering the leaked fuel before being returned to the underground storage tank. In this manner, fuel may potentially be reused since it is not contaminated by other contaminants, such as water, and reclamation efforts are easier. Since the fuel is returned to the underground storage tank, there is less danger that a sump overflows and allows the fuel to escape into the environment.[0012] Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the present invention and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES[0013] The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional communication system within a fueling environment in the prior art;[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a conventional fueling path layout in a fueling environment in the prior art;[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a daisy chain configuration for a fueling path in a fueling environment;[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a fueldispenser;[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a first embodiment of a fuel return to underground storage tank arrangement;[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of a fuel return to underground storage tank arrangement; and[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart showing the leak detection functionality of the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS[0021] The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and illustrate the best mode of practicing the invention. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the invention and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.[0022] Fueling environments come in many different designs. Before describing the particular aspects of the present invention (which begins at the description of FIG. 3), a brief description of a fueling environment follows. A conventional exemplary fueling environment 10 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Such a fueling environment 10 may comprise a central building 12, a car wash 14, and a plurality of fueling islands 16.[0023] The central building 12 need not be centrally located within the fueling environment 10, but rather is the focus of the fueling environment 10, and may house a convenience store 18 and/ora quick serve restaurant 20 therein. Both the convenience store 18 and the quick serve restaurant20 may include a point of sale 22, 24, respectively. The central building 12 may further house a site controller (SC) 26, which in an exemplary embodiment may be the G-SITE.RTM. sold by Gilbarco Inc. of Greensboro, N.C. The site controller 26 may control the authorization of fueling transactions and other conventional activities as is well understood. The site controller 26 may be incorporated into a point of sale, such as point of sale 22 if needed or desired. Further, the site controller 26 may have an off-site communication link 28 allowing communication with a remote location for credit/debit card authorization, content provision, reporting purposes or the like, as needed or desired. The off-site communication link 28 may be routed through the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), the Internet, both, or the like, as needed or desired.[0024] The car wash 14 may have a point of sale 30 associated therewith that communicates with the site controller 26 for inventory and/or sales purposes. The car wash 14 alternatively may be a stand alone unit. Note that the car wash 14, the convenience store 18, and the quick serve restaurant 18 are all optional and need not be present in a given fueling environment.[0025] The fueling islands 16 may have one or more fuel dispensers 32 positioned thereon. The fuel dispensers 32 may be, for example, the ECLIPSE.RTM. or ENCORE.RTM. sold by Gilbarco Inc. of Greensboro, N.C. The fuel dispensers 32 are in electronic communication with the site controller 26 through a LAN or the like.[0026] The fueling environment 10 also has one or more underground storage tanks 34 adapted to hold fuel therein. As such the underground storage tank 34 may be a double walled tank. Further, each underground storage tank 34 may include a tank monitor (TM) 36 associated therewith. The tank monitors 36 may communicate with the fuel dispensers 32 (either through the site controller 26 or directly, as needed or desired) to determine amounts of fuel dispensed and compare fuel dispensed to current levels of fuel within the underground storage tanks 34 to determine if the underground storage tanks 34 are leaking.[0027] The tank monitor 36 may communicate with the site controller 26 and further may have an off-site communication link 38 for leak detection reporting, inventory reporting, or the like. Much like the off-site communication link 28, off-site communication link 38 may be through the PSTN, the Internet, both, or the like. If the off-site communication link 28 is present, the off-site communication link 38 need not be present and vice versa, although both links may be present if needed or desired. As used herein, the tank monitor 36 and the site controller 26 are site communicators to the extent that they allow off site communication and report site data to a remote location.[0028] For further information on how elements of a fueling environment 10 may interact, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,259, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Information about fuel dispensers may be found in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,734,851 and 6,052,629, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Information about car washes may be found in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/______ filed 6 May 2002, entitled IMPROVED SERVICE STA TION CAR W ASH, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. An exemplary tank monitor 36 is the TLS-350R manufactured and sold by Veeder-Root. For more information about tank monitors 36 and their operation, reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,423,457; 5,400,253; 5,319,545; and 4,977,528, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.[0029] In addition to the various conventional communication links between the elements of the fueling environment 10, there are conventional fluid connections to distribute fuel about the fueling environment as illustrated in FIG. 2. Underground storage tanks 34 may each be associated with a vent 40 that allows over-pressurized tanks to relieve pressure thereby. A pressure valve (not shown) is placed on the outlet side of each vent 40 to open to atmosphere when the underground storage tank 34 reaches a predetermined pressure threshold. Additionally, under-pressurized tanks may draw air in through the vents 40. In an exemplary embodiment, two underground storage tanks 34 exist--one a low octane tank (87) and one a high octane tank (93). Blending may be performed within the fuel dispensers 32 as is well understood to achieve an intermediate grade of fuel. Alternatively, additional underground storage tanks 34 may be provided for diesel and/or an intermediate grade of fuel (not shown).[0030] Pipes 42 connect the underground storage tanks 34 to the fuel dispensers 32. Pipes 42 may be arranged in a main conduit 44 and branch conduit 46 configuration, where the main conduit 44 carries the fuel to the branch conduits 46, and the branch conduits 46 connect to the fuel dispensers 32. Typically, pipes 42 are double walled pipes comprising an inner conduit and an outer conduit. Fuel flows in the inner conduit to the fuel dispensers, and the outer conduit insulates the environment from leaks in the inner conduit. For a better explanation of such pipes and concerns about how they are connected, reference is made to Chapter B13 of PIPING HANDBOOK, 7.sup.th edition, copyright 2000, published by McGraw-Hill, which is hereby incorporated by reference.[0031] In a typical service station installation, leak detection may be performed by a variety of techniques, including probes and leak detection cables. More information about such devices can be found in the previously incorporated PIPING HANDBOOK. Conventional installations do not return to the underground storage tank 34 fuel that leaks from the inner conduit to the outer conduit, but rather allow the fuel to be captured in low point sumps, trenches, or the like, where the fuel mixes with contaminants such as dirt, water and the like, thereby ruining the fuel for future use without processing.[0032] While not shown, vapor recovery systems may also be integrated into the fueling environment 10 with vapor recovered from fueling operations being returned to the underground storage tanks 34 via separate vapor recovery lines (not shown). For more information on vapor recovery systems, the interested reader is directed to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,040,577; 6,170,539; and Re. 35,238, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/783,178 filed 14 Feb. 2001, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.[0033] Now turning to the present invention, the main and branch supply conduit arrangement of FIG. 2 is replaced by a daisy chain fuel supply arrangement as illustrated in FIG. 3. The underground storage tank 34 provides a fuel delivery path to a first fuel dispenser 32, via a double walled pipe 48. The first fuel dispenser 32, is configured to allow the fuel delivery path to continue onto a second fuel dispenser 32.sub.2 via a daisy chaining double walled pipe 50. The process repeats until an nth fuel dispenser 32.sub.n is reached. Each fuel dispenser 32 has a manifold 52 with an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture as will be better explained below. In the nth fuel dispenser 32.sub.n, the outlet aperture is terminated conventionally as described in the previously incorporated PIPING HANDBOOK.[0034] As better illustrated in FIG. 4, each fuel dispenser 32 comprises a manifold 52 with a T-intersection housed therein. The T-intersection 54 allows the fuel line conduit 56 to be stubbed out of the daisy chaining double walled pipe 50 and particularly to extend through the outer wall 58 of the daisy chaining double walled pipe 50. This T-intersection 54 may be a conventional T-intersection such as is found in the previously incorporated PIPING HANDBOOK. The manifold 52 comprises the aforementioned inlt aperture 60 and outlet aperture 62. While shown on the sides of the manifold 52's housing, they could equivalently be on the bottom side of the manifold 52, if desired. Please note that the present invention is not limited to a manifold 52 witha T-joint, and that any other suitable configuration may be used that allows fuel to be supplied to a fuel dispenser 32 and allows to continue on as well to the next fuel dispenser 32 until the last fuel dispenser 32 is reached.[0035] A leak detection probe 64 may also be positioned within the manifold 52. This leak detection probe 64 may be any appropriate liquid detection sensor as needed or desired. The fuel dispenser 32 has conventional fuel handling components 66 therein, such as fuel pump 68, a vapor recovery system 70, a fueling hose 72, a blender 74, a flow meter 76, and a fueling nozzle 78. Other fuel handling components 66 may also be present as is well understood in the art.[0036] With this arrangement, the fuel may flow into the fuel dispenser 32 in the fuel line conduit 56, passing through the inlet aperture 60 of the manifold 52. A check valve 80 may be used if needed or desired as is well understood to prevent fuel from flowing backwards. The fuel handling components 66 draw fuel through the check valve 80 and into the handling area of the fuel dispenser 32. Fuel that is not needed for that fuel dispenser 32 is passed through the manifold 52 upstream to the other fuel dispensers 32 within the daisy chain. A sump (not shown) may still be associated with the fuel dispenser 32, but it is fluidly isolated from the daisy chaining double walled pipe 50.[0037] A first embodiment of the connection of the daisy chaining double walled pipe 50 to the underground storage tank 34 is illustrated in FIG. 5. The daisy chaining double walled pipe 50 connects to a casing construction 82, which in turn connects to the double walled pipe 48. A submersible turbine pump 84 is positioned within the underground storage tank 34, preferably below the level of the fuel 86 within the underground storage tank 34. For a more complete exploration of the casing construction 82 and the submersible turbine pump 84, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,223,765 assigned to Marley Pump Company, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and the product exemplifying the teachings of the patent explained in Quantum Submersible Pump Manual: Installation and Operation, also produced by the Marley Pump Company, also incorporated by reference in its entirety. In this embodiment, fuel captured by the outer wall 58 is returned to the casing construction 82 such as through a vacuum or by gravity feeds. A valve (not shown) may allow the fuel to pass into the casing construction 82 and thereby be connected to the double walled pipe 48 for return to the underground storage tank 34. The structure of the casing construction in the '765 patent is well suited for this purpose having multiple paths by which fuel may be returned to the outer wall of the double walled pipe that connects the casing construction 82 to the submersible turbine pump 84.[0038] A second embodiment of the connection of the daisy chaining double walled pipe 50 to the underground storage tank 34 is illustrated in FIG. 6. The casing construction 82 is substantially identical to the previously incorporated U.S. Pat. No. 6,223,765. The daisy chaining double walled pipe 50 however comprises a fluid connection 88 to the double walled pipe 48. This allows the fuel in the outer wall 58 to drain directly to the underground storage tank 34, instead of having to provide a return path through the casing construction 82. Further, the continuous fluid connection from the underground storage tank 34 to the outer wall 58 causes any vacuum present in the underground storage tank 34 to also be existent in the outer wall 58 of the daisy chaining doublewalled pipe 50. This vacuum may help drain the fuel back to the underground storage tank 34. In an exemplary embodiment, the fluid connection 88 may also be double walled so as to comply with any appropriate regulations.[0039] FIG. 7 illustrates the methodology of the present invention. During new construction of the fueling environment 10, or perhaps when adding the present invention to an existing fueling environment 10, the daisy chained piping system according to the present invention is installed (block 100). The pipe connection between the first fuel dispenser 32.sub.1 and the underground storage tank 34 may, in an exemplary embodiment, be sloped such that gravity assists the drainage from the fuel dispenser 32 to the underground storage tank 34. The leak detection system, and particularly, the leak detection probes 64, are installed in the manifolds 52 of the fuel dispensers 32 (block 102). Note that the leak detection probes 64 may be installed during construction of the fuel dispensers 32 or retrofit as needed. In any event, the leak detection probes 64 may communicate with the site communicators such as the site controller 26 or the tank monitor 36 as needed or desired. This communication may be for alarm purposes, calibration purposes, testing purposes or the like as needed or desired. Additionally, this communication may pass through the site communicator to a remote location if needed. Further, note that additional leak detectors (not shown) may be installed for redundancies and/or positioned in the sumps of the fuel dispensers 32. Still further, leak detection programs may be existent to determine if the underground storage tank 34 is leaking. These additional leak detection devices may likewise communicate with the site communicator as needed or desired.[0040] The fueling environment 10 operates as is conventional, with fuel being dispensed to vehicles, vapor recovered, consumers interacting with the points of sale, and the operator generating revenue (block 104). At some point a leak occurs between two fuel dispensers 32.sub.x and 32.sub.x+1. Alternatively, the leak may occur at a fuel dispenser 32.sub.x+1 (block 106). The leaking fuel flows towards the underground storage tank 34 (block 108), as a function of the vacuum existent in the outer wall 58, via gravity or the like. The leak is detected at the first downstream leak detection probe 64 (block 110). Thus, in the two examples, the leak would be detected by the leak detection probe 64 positioned within the fuel dispenser 32.sub.x. This helps in pinpointing the leak. An alarm may be generated (block 112). This alarm may be reported to the site controller 26, the tank monitor 36 or other location as needed or desired.[0041] A second leak detection probe 64, positioned downstream of the first leak detection probe 64 in the fuel dispenser 32.sub.x-1, will then detect the leaking fuel as it flows past the second leak detection probe 64 (block 114). This continues, with the leak detection probe 64 in each fuel dispenser 32 downstream of the leak detecting the leak until fuel dispenser 32.sub.1 detects the leak. The fuel is then returned to the underground storage tank 34 (block 116).[0042] If all downstream leak detection probes 64 detect the leak at query block 118, that is indicative that the system works (block 120). If a downstream leak detection probe 64 fails to detect the leak during the query of block 118, then there is potentially a failure in the outer wall 58 and an alarm may be generated (block 122). Further, if the leak detection probes 64 associated with fuel dispensers 32.sub.x+1 and 32.sub.x-1 both detect the leak, but the leak detection probe。
油气储运外文翻译(腐蚀类)【范本模板】
重庆科技学院学生毕业设计（论文)外文译文学院石油与天然气工程学院专业班级油气储运10级3班学生姓名汪万茹学号2010440140NACE论文富气管道的腐蚀管理Faisal Reza，Svein Bjarte Joramo—Hustvedt，Helene Sirnes Statoil ASA摘要运输网的运行为挪威大陆架（NCF)总长度接近1700千米的富气管道的运行和整体完整性提供了技术帮助。
根据标准以一种安全，有效，可靠的方式来操作和维护管道是很重要的。
天然气在进入市场之前要通过富气管道输送至处理厂.在对这些富气进行产品质量测量和输送到输气管道之前要在平台上进行预处理和脱水处理。
监测产物是这些管线腐蚀管理的一个重要部分。
如果材料的表面没有游离水管道就不会被腐蚀。
因此，在富气管道的运行过程中监测水露点（WDP）或水分含量具有较高的优先性，并且了解含有二氧化碳（CO2)和硫化氢（H2S）的水在管道中析出过程中的腐蚀机制对全面控制管道腐蚀很重要.本文将详细介绍生产监测的项目,例如讨论生产流量，压力，温度,气体组成和水露点。
一个全面的内部评估应该包括对富气管道中三甘醇（TEG)和水作用机理的详细阐述.关键词：富气管道，产品监控，内部腐蚀，腐蚀产物，二氧化碳（CO2），硫化氢(H2S），三甘醇（TEG），水露点（WDP），液体滞留。
引言从海上生产设施输送富气所使用的碳钢管线需要可靠的控制装置将水控制在气相中,以避免在管道内表面上凝结水和产生游离水。
全面腐蚀不仅仅是和腐蚀产物本身有关，沉淀产物有可能会促使一个更高的腐蚀速率［1］.液体滞留在管道中可以引起腐蚀，然而为了保证管道内部完整性仅仅评估腐蚀速度是不够的。
在管道中腐蚀产物可能会导致进一步的问题；增加表面粗糙度和减少直径可以导致压力降的增加，同时也会引起接收终端设备的一些问题，比如腐蚀和堵塞［3］。
管道系统可能由主运输干线连接一些输送支线组成，这样一个复杂的海底管道系统的完整性管理不是很简单的。
(完整版)油气储运专业英语(英汉互译)
Chapter 1 Oil and Gas Fields第1章油气田1.1 An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production1.1石油和天然气生产的介绍The complex nature of wellstreams is responsible for the complex processing of the produced fluids (gas, oil，water, and solids). The hydrocarbon portion must be separated into products that can be stored and/or transported. The nonhydrocarbon contaminants must be removed as much as feasible to meet storage, transport, reinjection, and disposal specifications. Ultimate disposal of the various waste streams depends on factors such as the location of the field and the applicable environmental regulations. The overriding criterion for product selection, construction, and operation decisions is economics.油气井井流的复杂性质，决定了所产流体(气、油、水和固体)的加工十分复杂。
必须分出井流中的烃类，使之成为能储存和/或能输送的各种产品;必须尽可能地脱除井流中的非烃杂质，以满足储存、输送、回注和排放的规范。
各类废弃物的最终处置取决于各种因素，如油气田所处地域和所采用的环保规定等。
油气储运专业英语翻译
Chapter 1Introduction（机）你将在本章中得到一个关于石油的简要介绍。
除相关术语和表达外，您还将了解原油的组成、石油的理化性质、石油的分类和不同产品，以及石油在能源中的地位和石油资源的前景预测。
Listening 1广义地说，石油是一种在自然界中由气、液、固态烃类化合物和少量的杂质组成的混合物。
狭义地说，石油就是指原油，也就是一种液态可燃的产生于地下岩石中以烃类作为主要成分的矿物质。
尽管世界范围内不同油田的原油性质不同，但是都主要包括五种元素，分别是碳、氢、硫、氮、氧。
此外，在原油中还包括57种微量元素，比如矾、镍及铁，这些微量元素在石油起源和石油勘探的研究中起到决定性作用。
Listening 2石油（也被称为原油）是一种粘性、有臭味、有色的、可燃的油性液体。
原油是由烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃组成的复杂混合物。
有多种颜色的原油，黑色的、浅色的甚至是透明的。
原油的性质随着产地的变化而变化，密度的变化范围从0.8 g/cm3到1.0 g/cm3。
原油的粘度变化范围大，凝固点、沸点、闪点、燃点及自然点也是这样。
虽然原油不溶于水，但是溶于多种有机溶剂，并且与水可能形成乳状液。
Dialogue 1（机）A：我想了解一下石油的分类。
你能告诉我有多少种石油吗？B：这取决于分类的基础。
例如，根据油源环境，有海洋油和非海洋（陆地/大陆）油。
前者是指海洋沉积物中产生的石油，后者是指大陆沉积物中产生的石油。
A：那么，我国生产的石油属于哪一类呢？B：中国的大部分石油都是非海洋石油。
按有机质成熟度可分为：低熟油、成熟油和高熟油。
A：也按密度分类吗？B：是的，你很聪明！根据密度的不同，有轻、中、重和超重原油。
A：我明白了。
还有其他类型的吗？B：原油按粘度分为：常规油、重油、特重油和特重油，也称沥青/沥青。
A：我知道沥青是用来铺路的。
B：是的。
另外，根据凝固点的不同，我们有高凝点油、常规油和低凝点油。
A：油的种类太多了！我似乎很难马上用心去学习。
油气储运专业英语词表
expansion refrigeration 膨胀制冷 * external phase 外相 exhaust stack 排气烟囱 * extractor n. 提取器 * extraction n. 抽取，提炼 family of curves 曲线簇 * Fahrenheit 华氏度 * feed n. 原料 feedstock n. 原料 * feedstock conversion 原料转化率 * feedstock quality 原料性质 * feasibility n. 可行性 * field-processing method 现场处理法，现 场加工法 * filter n. 过滤器 * filter separation 过滤式分离器 finely ad. 微细的 fire-retardant wall 防火墙 * fixed-bed 固定床 flare n. 火焰，火炬 * flash n. 闪光，闪蒸 * flash separator 闪蒸分离器 * flash zone 闪蒸区 flexibility n. 灵活性 * flowing pressure 流动压力 * flow controller 流量控制器 * flow diagram 流程图 * flueபைடு நூலகம்n. 烟道 * fluid-bed 流化床 * fluid-jacket heater 水套加热炉 * fluid coking 流化焦化 * formation n. 地层，岩层；形成物 * freezing point 冰点，凝固点 fractional a. 分数的，分馏的 * fractional distillation 精镏，分馏 * fractionation n. 精镏，分镏 * fractionating deck 蒸馏板 fraction n. 分数 fracture n. 破裂，断裂 * free water 游离水，自由水 * free water knockout (FWKO) 游离水分离 器 * furnace n. 炉 * gage column 量液管，液位指示管
油气储运专业英语词汇
油气储运专业英语词汇油品储运系统常用工作用词序号中文英文1润滑油lubrication2盘车pump rotation3过滤器filter4均匀混合器mixer5疏水器water trap6抗磨剂anti-wear agent7抗氧剂anti-oxidant agent8抗静电剂anti-static agent9安全阀safety valve10旁路by-pass11法兰flange12垫片gasket13螺栓bolt14螺母nut15螺丝刀screw driver16阀扳手wrench17灭火器extinguisher18下水井sewage well19报警仪alarm annunciator20对讲机walking talking21安全帽safety helmet22工作服uniform23手套glove24泄漏leakage25堵塞block26损坏damage27汽油gasoline28航煤jet fuel29柴油diesel30液化气LPG( liquefied petroleum gas ) 31燃料油fuel oil 32液碱liquid alkaline33废水waste water34蒸汽steam35氨水ammonia36硫化氢sulfureted hydrogen37胶皮管rubber hose38开关switch39灯lamp40冷却水cooling water41换热器heat exchanger42罐tank43机械密封mechanical seal44油杯oil cup45轴承bearing46轴承箱bearing case47抹布towel48拖布mop49铁锹spade50压力表pressure gauge51流量表flow meter52调节阀control valve53手电筒flashlight54油尺dipping meter55电机motor56油壶oil kettle57油桶oil barrel58库房warehouse59修理repair60正常normal61浮盘float roof62吹扫purge63分液罐dewatering drum64工艺流程flow path65盲板block plate66突沸sudden boiling67串岗off post68空气呼吸器air breather69密度density70馏程distillation71真空度vacuum72盘根packing73润滑脂grease74碱渣caustic sludge75补偿器compensator76循环circulation77防护罩safety case78组份cut79样品sample80分析单analysing sheet81化验室laboratory82调度dispatch83闪点flash point84蒸汽压vapor pressure85合格证certification86辛烷值octane number87离心泵centrifugal pump 88螺杆泵screw pump89静电static electricity 90通风ventilation 91摩擦friction92搅拌churn up93火炬flare94水封罐water seal tank95溢流over flow96避雷器lightning arrester97呼吸阀respiratory valve98透光孔light hole99附件adjunct100阻火器flame arrester101加热盘管heat coil102伴热线heat trace103罐容capacity104试水膏water paste105防爆工具explosive proof tools。
油气储运专业英语[汇总]
![油气储运专业英语[汇总]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ba934255326c1eb91a37f111f18583d049640fa9.png)
FPSO：Floating Production, Storage and Offloading. Typically a tanker type hull or barge with wellheads on a turret that the ship can rotate freely around (to point into wind, waves or current). The turret has wire rope and chain connections to several anchors (position mooring-POSMOR), or it can be dynamically positioned using thrusters (dynamic positioning-DYNPOS). Water depths 200 to 200 meters, Common with subsea wells. The main process is placed on the deck, while the hull is used for storage and offloading to a shuttle tanker. May also be used with pipeline transport.TLP: A Tension Leg Platform consists of a structure held in place by vertical tendons connected to the sea floor by pile-secured templates. The structure is held in a fixed position by tensioned tendons, which provide for use of the TLP in a broad water depth rang up to about 2000m. Limited vertical motion. The tendons are constructed as hollow high tensile strength steel pipes that carry the spare buoyancy of the structure and ensure limited vertical motion. A variant is Seastar platforms which are miniature floating tension leg platforms, much like the semi submersible type, with tensioned tendons.SPAR: The SPAR consists of a single tall floating cylinder hull, supporting a fixed deck. The cylinder however does not extend all the way to the seafloor, but instead is tethered to the bottom by a series of cables and lines. The large cylinder serves to stabilize the platform in the water, and allows for movement to absorb the force of potential hurricanes. Spars can be quite large and are used for water depths from 300 and up to 3000 meters. SPAR is not an acronym, but refers to its likeness with a ship’s spar. Spars can support dry completion wells, but is more often used with subsea wells.To get the last of the water out of the oil, the oil is processed through an oil treater or a treating system. A treater is similar to a separator, but with special features to help separate the water from the oil. Treaters or treating systems usually provide heat to reduce oil viscosity and large settling sections to allow the water time to settle from the oil, and may provide an electrostatic grid to promote coalescing of the water droplets. Conventional treaters usually have a front section with a heater in which the emulsion is heated and initial separation of the “free water” takes place. The oil then flows to a second section of the vessel, where additional coalescence and settling of the water droplets takes place. Gas is flashed (i.e. liberated) from the emulsion as the pressure is lowered and the temperature is raised from the upstream separator. For a conventional treater with a heater, free-water knockout section, and settling section, the water content in the oil can be reduced to less than 1%. An electrostatic treater, which is a conventional treater with anelectrostatic grid in the settling section, can reduce the water content to 0.3 to 0.5%by vol ume.The rotating part of the compressor consists of all the impellers. It runs on two radial bearings (on all modern compressors, there are hydrodynamic tilt pad bearings), while the axial thrust generated by the impellers is balanced by a balance piston, and resulting force is balanced by a hydrodynamic tilt pad thrust bearing. To keep the gas from escaping at the shaft ends, dry gas seals are used. The entire assembly is contained i n a casi ng (usual l y barrel type).The different working principles cause differences in the operating characteristics of the centrifugal compressors compared to those the reciprocating unit. Centrifugal compressors are used in a wide variety of applications in chemical plants, refineries, onshore and offshore gas lift and gas injection application, gas gathering, and in the transmission of natural gas. Centrifugal compressors can be used for outlet pressures as high as 10000 psia，thus overlapping with reciprocating compressors over a portion of the flow rate/pressure domain. Centrifugal compressors are usually either turbine or electric motor driven. Typical operating speeds for centrifugal compressors in gas transmission applications are about 14000 rpm for 5000-hp units 8000 rpm for 20000-hp units.The task of gas compression is to bring gas from a certain suction pressure to a higher discharge pressure by means of mechanical work. The actual compression process is often compared to one of three ideal processes: isothermal, isentropic, and polytrophic compression.Mercaptans are compounds that occur naturally in sour gas. They are hydrocarbon compounds that have a sulfur atom inserted between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom. Methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl merchantman are some examples. Mercaptans have a strong offensive odor, and certain mixtures of manufactured mercaptan, such as tertiary butyl mercaptan and isopropy mercaptan, as well as others, are added to sweet natural gas to odorize the gas prior to domestic or commercial consumption.Most of the regenerative chemical sweetening solvents are alkanolamines, which are compounds formed by replacing one, two, or three hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecule with radicals of other compounds to form primary, secondary, or tertiary amines respectively. Amines are weak organic bases that have been used for many years in gas treating to remove CO2 and H2S fromnatural gas as well as from synthesis gas. These compounds combine chemically with the acid gases in the contactor to form unstable salts. The salts break down under the elevated temperature and low pressure in the still.The flow to and from reciprocating compressors is subject to significant pressure fluctuations due to the reciprocating compression process. Therefore, pulsation dampeners have to be installed upstream and downstream of the compressor to avoid damages to other equipment. The pressure losses (several percent of the static flow pressure) of these dampeners have to be accounted for in the station design.Reciprocating compressors are widely utilized in the gas processing industries because they are flexible in throughput and discharge pressure range. Reciprocating compressors are classified as either “high speed” or “slow speed”. Typically, high-speed compressors operate at speeds of 900 to 1200 rpm and slow-speed units at speeds of 200 to 600 rpm. High-speed units are normally “separable”i.e., the compressor frame and driver are separated by a coupling or gearbox. For an “integral”unit, power cylinders are mounted on the frame as compressor cylinders, and power pistons ate attached to the same drive shaft as the compressor cylinders. Low-speed units are typically integral in design.Isothermal compression occurs when the temperature is kept constant during the compression process. It is not adiabatic because the heat generated in the compression process has to be removed from the system.The compression process is isentropic or adiabatic reversible if no heat is added to or removed from the gas during compression and process is frictionless. With these assumptions, the entropy of the gas does not change during the compression process.Diglycolamine (DGA). The DGA process was developed by The Fluor Crop. in the 1950s, which called the process the Econamine Process. The advantage of DGA over MEA appears to be the lower solution rate owing to the higher solvent concentration, resulting in higher acid gas pickup per volume of solution circulated. This yields capital saving, as the regeneration equipment is smaller for DGA than for MEA. Disadvantage appear to be degradation of the chemical with CO2 and greater solubility of heavier hydrocarbons in the solution, as compared to MEA. This is a serious drawback if the acid gas steam is fed to a Claus plant, as additional air is required for the combustion of the hydrocarbons. Also, this dilutes the sulfur compounds in the sulfur recoverytrain. Solution strength is on the order of 50 to 70% by weight of DGA in water, which mol loadings in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 moles of acid gas per mole of DGA circulated. The DGA process train usually includes a reclaimer Diglycolamine（DGA的）。
油气储运专业英语reading部分翻译
油气储运专业英语reading部分翻译Petroleum and Its Modern Uses[1] Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are the most widely used sources of energy in the m odern world. They are of primary importance in the industrialized countries, where vast am ounts of energy are consumed to operate the different kinds of machines used today. The se three energy sources are collectively referred to as fossil fuels.石油、煤炭和天然气是现代世界最广泛使用的能源。
它们在工业化国家中最为重要，在这些国家，人们消耗大量的能源来操作今天使用的各种机器。
这三种能源统称为化石燃料。
[2] At various depths beneath land and sea, there are accumulations of hydrocarbons form ed millions and even hundreds of millions of years ago by decomposition of animal and v egetable remains. They were covered by sand or mud, which in time was itself covered by the water of the seas. Hydrocarbons are compounds of hydrogen and carbon which, at n ormal temperatures and pressures, may be gaseous, liquid or solid according to their mole cular complexity. The natural deposits are correspondingly gaseous, liquid or solid, dependi ng on the relative proportion of the various hydrocarbons present in mixture. Petroleum is composed largely of the remains of these tiny marine animals and plants that lived so lo ng ago.在陆地和海洋的不同深处，有数百万年甚至数亿年前由于动物和植物残骸的分解而形成的碳氢化合物的积聚。
专业英语课程论文-油气储运工程TechnicalEnglishforOilandGas
T echnical English for Oil and GasStorage and T ransportation Engineering Since September this year, we have had a new course called Technical English for oil and gas storage and transportation engineering. Professor Liu is the teacher of this course and she is very well to us. In the teaching of Professor Liu, I get much knowledge and I fell very happy.Now,let me write somethings about my profession with some personnal ideals.Extensive Reading①The title of the first paper I viewed is “Fluid and Hydraulic System”.As far as I am concerned,this paper mainly describes two important contents which are fluid and hydraulic system.The former part of this paper gives an account of Fluid that is a substance which may flow.Its constituent particles may continuously change their positions relative to one another.Moreover,it offers no lasting resistance to the displacement,however great ,of one layer over another.This means that,if the fluid is at rest,no shear force(that is a force tangential to the surface on which it acts)can exist in it.Meanwhile,fluid may be classified as Newtonian or non- Newtonian.In Newtonian fluid there is a linear relation between the magnitude of applied shear stresses and the resulting rate of angulardeformation.In non- Newtonian fluid there is a nonlinear relation between the magnitude of applied shear stresses and the resulting rate of angular deformation.The after part of this paper is concerned with the hydraulic system. I think the ligament between the two sides is “Pascal’s law”. Because all hydraulic systems depend on Pascal’s law,named after Braise Pascal, who discovered the law. This law states that pressurized fluid within a closed container-such as cylinder or pipe-exerts equal force on all of the surfaces of the container. Moreover, in actual hydraulic systems, Pascal’s law defines the basis of the results which are obtained from the system.Thus,pump moves the liquid in the system. The intake of the pump is connected to a liquid source,usually called the tank or reservoir. Atmospheric pressure,pressing on the liquid in the reservior,forces the liquid into the pump.when the pump operates,it forces liquid from the tank into the discharge pipe at a suitable pressure.②The title of the second paper I viewed is “A Discussion on Modern Design Optimization”. In this paper,the author focuses on the theory underlying some of the mathematical methods employed by design optimization procedures.To begin with, this paper treats of the optimization techniques taking one with another. The integration of optimization techniqueshas the power to reduce design costs by shifting the burden from the engineer to the computer. Furthermore,the mathematical rigor of a properly implemented potimization tool can add confidence to the design process.Modern optimization methods perform shape optimizations on components generated within a choice of CAD packages. Ideally, there is seamless data exchange via direct memory transfer between the CAD and FEA applications without the need for file translation. Furthermore, if associativity between the CAD and FEA software exist, any changes made in the CAD geometry are immediately reflected in the FEA model.The second, this paper describe how the optimization problem arises. Consider a three-step process:(1)Generation of geometry of part or assembly in CAD;(2)Creation of FEA mode of part or assembly;(3)Evaluation of results of FEA models.Meanwhile,most optimization problems are made up of three basic components.(1) An objective function which we want to minimize (or maximize). For instance, in designing an automobile panel, we might want to minimize the stress in a particular region.(2) A set of design variables that affect the value of theobjective function. In the automobile panel design problem, the variables used define the geometry and material of the panel.(3) A set of constraints that allow the design variables to have values but exclude others. In the automobile panel design problem, we would probably want limit its weight.The last but not the least, there is no beauideal in the world. Modern design optimization has many benefits and drawbacks. The elimination or reduction of repetitive manual tasks has been the impetus behind many software applications. Automatic design optimization is one of the latest applications used to reduce man-hours at the expense of possibly increasing the computational effort. It is even possible that an automatic design optimization scheme may actually require less computational effort than a manual approach. This is because the mathematical rigor on which these schemes are based may be more efficient than a human-based solution. Of course, these schemes do not replace human intuition, which can occasionally significantly shorten the design cycle. That is, no variable combination of the design parameters is left unconsidered. Thus,designs obtained using design optimization software should be accurate to within the resolution of the overall method.Intensive ReadingOriginal textIndustrial RobotA robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.The key words are reprogrammable and multipurpose because most single-purpose machines do not meet these two requirements. The term “multipurpose”means that the robot can perform many different functions, depending on the program and tooling cureently in use.Over the past two decades, the robot has been introduced into industry to perform many monotonous and often unsafe operations. Because robot can perform certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are being increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.The typical structure of industrial robot consists of 4 major components: the manipulator, the end effector, the power supply and the control system.The manipulator is a mechanical unit that provide motions similar to those of a human arm. It often has a shoulder joint, an elbow and a wrist. It can rotate or slide, stretch out and withdraw inevery possible direction with certain flexibility.The basic mechanical configurations of the robot manipulator are categorized as cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and ariculated. A robot with a cartesian geometry can move its gripper to any position within the cube or rectangle defined as its working volume. Cylindrical coordinate robots can move the gripper within a volume that is described by a cylinder. The cylindrical coordinate robot is positioned in the work area by two linear movements in the X and Y directions and one angular rotation about the axis. Spherical arm geometry robots position the wrist through two rotation and one linear actuation. Articulated industrial robots have an irregular work envelope. This type of robot has two main variants,vertically articulated and horizontally articulated.The end effector attaches itself to the end of robot wrist, also called end-of-arm tooling. It is the device intended for performing the designed operations as a human as a human hand can. End effectors are generally custom-made to meet special handling requirements. Mechanical grippers are the most commonly used and are equipped with two or more fingers. The selection of an appropriate end effector for a specific application depends on such factors as the payload, environment, reliability, and cost.The power supply is the actuator for moving the robot arm,controlling the joints and operating the end effector. The basic types of power sources include electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic. Each source of energy and each type of motor has its own characteristics, advantages and limitations. An ac-powered or dc-powered motor may be used depending on the systerm design and applications. These motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to power the robot. Most new robot use electrical power supply. Pneumatic actuators have been used for high speed, nonservo robots and are often used for powering tooling such as grippers. Hydraulic actuators have been used for heavier lift system, typically where accuracy was not also required.The control system is the communications and information-processing system that gives commands for the movements of the robot. It is the brain of the robot; it sends signals to the power source to move the robot arm to a specific position and to actuate the end effector. It is also the nerves of the robot ; it is reprogrammable to send out sequences of instructions for all movements and actions to be taken by the robot.An open-loop controller is the simplest form of the control system, which controls the robot only by following the predetermined step-by-step instructions. This system does not have a self-correcting capability. A close-loop control system uses feedbacksensors to produce signals that felect the current states of the controlled objects. By comparing those feedback signals with the values set by the programmer, the close-loop controller can conduct the robot to move to the precise position and assume the desired attitude, and the end effector can perform with very high accuracy as the close-loop control system can minimize the discrepancy between the controlled object and the predetermined references.Industrial robots vary widely in size, shape, number of axes, degrees of freedom, and design configuration. Each factor influences the dimensions of the robot’s working envelope or the volume of space within which it can move and perform its designated task. A broader classification of robots can been described as below.Fixed-and V ariable-Sequence Robots. The fixed-sequence robot(also called a pick-and place robot) is programmed for a specific sequence of operation. Its movements are from point to point, and the cycle is repeated continuously. The variable-sequence robot can be programmed for a specific sequence of operations but can be reprogrammed to perform another sequence of operation.Playback Robot. An operator leads or walks the playback robot and its end effector through the desired path. The robot memorizes and records the path and sequence of motions and can repeat them continually without any further action or guidance by the operator.Numerically Controlled Robot. The numerically controlled robot is programmed and operated much like a numerically controlled machine. The robot is servo-controlled by digital data, and its sequence of movements can be changed with relative ease.Intelligent Robot. The intelligent robot is capable of performing some of the functions and tasks carried out by human beings. It is equipped with a variety of sensors with visual and tactile capabilities.The robot is a very special type of production tool; as a result, the applications in which robots are used are quite broad. These applications can be grouped into three categories: material processing, material handing and assembly.In material processing, robot use tools to process the raw material. For example, the robot tools could include a drill and the robot would be able to perform drilling operations on raw material.Material handing consists of the loading, unloading, and transferring of workpieces in manufacturing facilities. These operations can be performed reliably and repeatedly with robots, thereby improving quality and reducing scrap losses.Assembly is another large application area for using robotics. An automatic assembly system can incorporate automatic testing, robot automation and mechanical handing for reducing labor costs,increaing output and eliminating manual handing concerns.What I have learned form the upper paper is listed as followNowadays, along with the fast pace of economic development, more and more Industrial robots have been presented in our living. Industrial robots have many merits and their applications are very abroad in the world.The former three paragraphs of the paper mainly introduce the short and the long of the industrial robots. W e generally realize the functions and use of them. W e know that robots have been used in various vocations. There is a word “reprogrammable”that attracts me in the second paragraph. In my opinion, the term “reprogrammable” implies two things: The robot operates according to a written program, and this program can be written to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks.From 4th to 10th paragraph, this paper mainly introduce the structures of robots. There are a large number of professional words which I list as follow.Elbo(肘) wrist(腕) shoulder joint(肩关节) Coordinate(坐标) volume(范围) cylindrical(圆柱的) spherical(球状的) open-loop(开环) close-loop(闭环) articulated(铰接的) cartesian(笛卡尔的) pneumatic(气动的) payload(有效载荷) feedback(反馈) nonservo(非伺服系统) end effector(终端操作机构)When I read the first sentence of the 4th paragraph, I wonde what is the mechanical unit. V ia some reference books, I know that the major of mechanism is the mechanical system. And the mechanical system is decomposed into mechanisms,which can be further decomposed ino mechanical components. In this sense, the mechanical components are the fundamental elements of machinery. On the whole, mechanical components Can be classified as universal and special components.From 11th to 15th paragraph, this paper mainly introduce the classification of robots. In the point, the classification is presented broad sense. as a matter of fact, there are a lot of categorys of the classification. What attracts me is the word “playback”. The original intention of “playback”is “repeatedly play”, but over here, it’s meaning is “示教”.The last four paragraphs mainly introduce several robot applications. At present there are two main types of robots, based on their use: general-purpose autonomous robots（通用机器人）and dedicated robots(专用机器人). Robots can be classified by their specificity of purpose. There are many application in our society nowadays. For example, in our school, they has three main applications: Robotic kits, V irtual tutors and teacher's assistants.Along with various techniques having emerged to develop the science of robotics and robots, One method shows itself that is evolutionary robotics, in which a number of differing robots are submitted to tests. Those which perform best are used as a model to create a subsequent "generation" of robots. Another method is developmental robotics, which tracks changes and development within a single in the areas of problem-solving and other functions.In a word, the prospect of robots is very bright.Appendix: all the papers in my discourse are extracted from the book named Technical English published in Peking University Press that borrowed from the library of my school.。
油气储运英语
tank
fixed-roof tanks 固定顶储罐 PV valves（pressure vacuum vent valves) 压力真空阀 external floating roof tanks(EFR tanks) 外浮顶罐 internal floating roof tanks(IFR tanks) 内浮顶罐 pontoon[pɑ:nˈtu:n]浮舱 rim seals 边缘密封 mechanical shoe seals 机械滑板密封 resilient [rɪˈz ɪliənt] toroid ['tɔ:rɔɪd] seals 弹性环密封
Useful Words and Phrases in major Oil-gas Storage and Transportation
By:ZhouHeng
emulsion
emulsion[ɪˈm ʌlʃən] 乳状液 immiscible[ɪˈm ɪsəbl] 非互溶的 dispersed/continuous phase 分散相/连续相 oil-in-water emulsions 水包油乳状液 water-in-oil emulsioins 油包水乳状液 phase inversion 相反转 demulsifier 破乳剂 coalescence[ˈk əʊə‘lesns] 聚结
sweetening and dehydration
sulfur compound 硫化物 amine processes 胺工艺 physical solvent processes 物理溶剂工艺 diethanolamine(DEA) dew point 露点 affinity 亲和力 liquid-desiccant dehydrators 液体干燥剂脱水器 solid-desiccant dehydrators 固体干燥剂脱水器
油气储运工程英文作文
油气储运工程英文作文Oil and gas transportation engineering plays a crucial role in the energy industry. It involves the construction and maintenance of pipelines, terminals, and storage facilities for the efficient and safe transportation of oil and gas. This field requires a combination of engineering expertise and knowledge of the oil and gas industry.In this line of work, engineers are responsible for designing and building pipelines that can withstand the high pressure and corrosive nature of oil and gas. They must consider factors such as terrain, climate, and environmental regulations to ensure the integrity of the pipeline system. Additionally, engineers must also plan for the transportation of oil and gas from extraction sites to processing plants or refineries, taking into accountfactors such as distance, capacity, and efficiency.Maintenance of oil and gas transportationinfrastructure is another important aspect of this field.Engineers are tasked with inspecting and repairingpipelines and storage facilities to prevent leaks or other malfunctions. They must also ensure that the infrastructure meets safety standards and regulatory requirements. Regular maintenance and monitoring are essential to prevent accidents and ensure the continuous flow of oil and gas.Safety is a top priority in oil and gas transportation engineering. Engineers must implement measures to prevent accidents and respond effectively in case of emergencies. This includes the installation of safety systems, such as leak detection and fire suppression systems, as well as the development of emergency response plans. Engineers must also stay updated on the latest safety regulations and industry best practices to ensure compliance and minimize risks.In addition to technical skills, effective communication and collaboration are essential in oil and gas transportation engineering. Engineers often work in teams with professionals from various disciplines, such as geologists, environmentalists, and project managers. Theymust be able to effectively communicate their ideas and collaborate with others to achieve project goals. This includes coordinating with stakeholders, such as government agencies and local communities, to address concerns and ensure the smooth implementation of projects.In conclusion, oil and gas transportation engineeringis a complex and important field in the energy industry. It requires a combination of engineering expertise, knowledge of the oil and gas industry, and effective communication skills. Engineers in this field are responsible for designing, building, and maintaining pipelines and storage facilities to ensure the efficient and safe transportation of oil and gas. Safety and collaboration are key aspects of this field, as engineers must implement measures to prevent accidents and work with various stakeholders to achieve project goals.。
油气储运专业英语
Unit onewell fluids 井流natural gas 天然气hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢free water 游离水,自由水water vapor 水蒸气end product 终端产品field-processing method 现场处理法,现场加工法rate of flow =flow rate流量sales line 销售管线flowing pressure 流动压力operating pressure 操作压力lease operating 矿场操作压力mechanical separation 机械分离basic sediment 底部沉淀物gathering system 收集系统gas transmission company 输气公司mist extractor 除雾器,捕雾气relief valve 泄压阀,安全阀safety head 安全头liquid level 液位control valve 控制阀gas hydrates 气化水合物freezing temperature 冰冻温度,凝固温度anti-freeze agent 防冻剂glycol dehydrator 甘醇脱水器bubble cap 泡罩,泡帽surge tank 缓冲罐still column 蒸馏柱,蒸馏塔heat exchanger 换热器drying agent 干燥剂molecular-sieve 分子筛desiccant bed干燥剂床层expansion refrigeration 膨胀制冷homogeneous mixture 匀质混合物pressure drop 压降water-in-oil type 水包油型reverse emulsion 反相乳状液heater- actable加热处理器electrostatic coalescer 静电聚结器chem-electric treater电化学处理器free water knockout (FWKO)游离水分离器retention time 停留时间gas vent 通气口,通气管deflector baffle 导流挡板access manway人孔butterfly valve 蝶阀coalescing baffle 聚结板stock tank 罐群,罐组bolted tank 螺栓罐welded tank 焊接罐suction line 吸入管线back pressure 回压背压salt water bearing formation 含盐水底层offshore production platform 海洋采油平台Unit twoatable emulsion 稳定乳化液emulsifying agent 乳化剂organic acid 有机酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙iron sulfide 硫化铁discontinuous phase 非连续相dispersed phase 分散相internal phase 内相continuous phase 连续相enternal phase 外相dual emulsion 双重乳化液Brownian movement 布朗运动polar molecule极性分子electrostatic line of force电力线auxiliary process辅助工艺treating process 处理工艺处理过程direct heater 直接加热indirect heater 间接加热noncorrosive emulsion 非腐蚀性乳状液tubular heater 管式加热fluid-jacket heater 水套加热internal firebox heater 内火炉加热pipe still 管式炉return bend 回弯头,180度弯头bank of tubes 管排,管束hot spot 局部过热,过热点scale deposit 水垢结垢annular space 环形空间heating load 热负荷,热栽荷exhaust stack 排气烟囱distributor pipe 分配管,布液管uneven flow 不均匀流动water bath 水垢tube bundle 管束open flame 明火emulsion breaker 破乳剂surface active 表面活性剂emulsion-breaker chemical 破乳剂chemical injection pump 化学药剂注入泵displacement-type 置换式,容积式plunger pump柱塞泵batch treating 批量处理tank deck 罐顶Unit eightfloating-roof tank 浮顶罐fixed-roof tank 固定顶罐breathing loss 呼吸损耗temperate climate 温带气候open vented tank 通大气罐pressure setting 压力设定值breathing vent valve 呼吸(通气)阀bulk storage 散装储存static electric charge 静电电荷single deck 单盘,单夹板pan-type roof 盘装(浮)顶R.V.P.(=Reid Vapor Pressure)double-deck 双(浮)盘metallic ring seal 金属密封盘tank shell 罐壁steel shoe (密封的)钢导向板,钢滑板synthetic rubber 合成橡胶pantagraph hanger (挂配重用的)缩放吊架static discharge 静电放电fabric seal 织物密封fuel oil 燃料油rust scale 铁锈weather shield 风雨档,挡风雨办bleeder vent 透气孔non-return valve 止回阀,单向阀aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃wind girder 抗风圈fire-fighting 消防,防火curb angle 包边角钢Chapter 2 Pipelinesaviation gasoline 航空汽油branch line 支线city utility 城市公共事业corrosion potential 腐蚀电位,腐蚀倾向crude trunk line 原油干线development well 开发井distribution network 配气管线distribution terminal 分配油库environmental protection laws 环境保护法environmental review 环境评估fired heater 加热炉fractionation plant 分馏厂gas transmission line 输气干线(管道) gathering system 收集系统,集油(气)系统2.5pumps and pump stations Atmospheric pressure 大气压booster station 增压站capacity rating 额定生产率date acquisition system 数据采集系统discharge pressure 排出压力drilling rig 钻机drilling mud 钻井泥浆duplex pump 双缸泵electric motor电动机end-suction pump 端面吸入泵environmental protection 环境保护evaporation losses 蒸汽损耗float tank operation 旁接罐操作head-capacity curve 扬程-流量曲线initial station 首站,始发站inline pump 管道泵(进出口在一条直线上)intermediate station 中间站interstate pipeline 洲际管线meter prover 流量计标定装置,标准体积管miscellaneous suction head 杂费net positive suction head (NPSH)汽蚀余量,泵入口出的绝对压力oil recovery 原油回收,原有采集率originating station 首站,始发站pressurized tank 压力罐prime mover 原动机put and take operation 罐到罐操作rating curves 额定曲线,特性曲线reciprocating pump 往复泵scraper trap 刮管器收发筒,清管器收发筒shaft horsepower 轴功率side-suction pump 侧面吸入泵smart pig 智能清管器spare pump 备用泵specific speed 比转速station site 站址suction booster pump 吸入增压泵,喂油泵suction heater 吸入汇管suction pressure吸入压力tight line operation 密闭操作triplex pump 三缸泵vapor lock 气锁2.6 CompressorsAir cooler 空气冷却器brake horsepower 制动功率,轴功率centrifugal compressor 离心式压缩机compressibility factor 压缩因子compression ratio 压缩比connecting rod 连杆clearance volume 余隙容积heat capacity 热容ideal gas 理想气体Interstage cooling 级间冷却kinetic energy 动能load-carrying capacity 承载能力lubrication oil 润滑油。
对油气储运认识作文英语
对油气储运认识作文英语Oil and gas transportation and storage are integral components of the global energy industry. Understanding their significance requires delving into their operational mechanisms, environmental implications, and economic impacts.First and foremost, oil and gas transportation involves the movement of crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum products from extraction sites to refineries, distribution centers, and ultimately to consumers. This transportation primarily occurs through pipelines, ships, trucks, and trains. Pipelines are the most common method due to their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ability to transport large volumes over long distances. Ships, trucks, and trains are utilized for shorter distances or where pipelines are not feasible.Storage facilities play a crucial role in ensuring a steady supply of oil and gas to meet fluctuating demand andmarket conditions. These facilities include tanks, underground caverns, and salt domes. Storage helps mitigate supply disruptions, stabilize prices, and ensure energy security. Additionally, strategic petroleum reserves are maintained by many countries as a safeguard against emergencies or geopolitical uncertainties.However, oil and gas transportation and storage pose significant environmental challenges. Pipeline leaks, tanker spills, and storage tank ruptures can result in devastating oil spills, contaminating waterways, soil, and air. These incidents have severe ecological consequences, harming aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems, and endangering human health. Moreover, the combustion offossil fuels transported and stored in these facilities is a major contributor to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change and global warming.Efforts to mitigate these environmental risks include stringent regulations, technological advancements, and industry best practices. Improved pipeline monitoring systems, double-hull tankers, and enhanced spill responseprocedures have been implemented to minimize the likelihood and impact of accidents. Furthermore, there is a growingshift towards cleaner and renewable energy sources,reducing reliance on fossil fuels and thus the need fortheir transportation and storage.From an economic perspective, oil and gastransportation and storage are vital for the functioning of the global economy. The efficient movement of energy resources enables industrial production, transportation,and commerce, driving economic growth and prosperity. Moreover, the infrastructure associated with transportation and storage creates jobs, fosters innovation, and attracts investment in both developed and developing regions.In conclusion, oil and gas transportation and storage are indispensable components of the modern energy landscape. While they facilitate the global energy trade and support economic development, they also present environmental risks that must be addressed through regulation, innovation, and sustainable practices. Balancing the need for energysecurity with environmental stewardship is crucial for a sustainable future.。
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本科毕业论文（翻译）英文标题学生姓名学号教学院系石油与天然气工程学院专业年级油气储运工程2011级指导教师职称单位辅导教师职称单位完成日期2015年06月利用天然气管道压差能量液化天然气流程摘要长输管道天然气的输送压力通常较高（高达10兆帕），在城市门站通常需要一套节流装置完成减压过程，这个过程通常由节流装置实现，而且在此过程中会浪费非常巨大的压力能。
在该文章中通过HYSYS软件来设计和模拟回收利用该巨大能量来完成一股天然气的膨胀液化过程。
将单位能量消耗和液化率作为目标函数并作为优化设计选择的关键变量。
同样对天然气管道在不同运输用作压力下的工作情况进行计算和讨论，同时对不同设备压力能损失进行评估，并对具体细节进行分析。
结果显示，这一液化率显然低于普通液化过程的液化率，该天然气膨胀液化过程适用于进行天然气液化是由于他的单位能耗低，过程简单及灵活。
1.介绍长距离输送管线通常在较高的工作压力下运行（高达10兆帕），高压天然气通常在城市门站内通过一个不可逆的节流过程从而降压到达较低的压力为了适应不同的需求，在这个过程中有用的压力能就这样被浪费了，因而，利用合适的能源利用方法回收这部分大量的压力能是十分有价值的。
天然气管道压力能多用于发电，轻质烃的分离以及天然气的液化。
现在已经有很多关于一些小型的LNG站场天然气液化的研究报告，天然气技术研究所开发了一个小型的利用混合制冷机制冷循环的天然气液化系统，起液化能力在4-40m3 /d，kirllow等人研究了利用涡流液化技术和膨胀液化技术的小型天然气液化调峰厂。
Len等人描述了几个基于压力能回收利用的天然气液化流程。
Lentransgaz公司开发了充分利用压力能而没有外来能源输入来液化天然气的天然气液化的新设备。
Mokarizadeh等人应用了基因遗传学的相关算法对于天然气调峰厂的液化天然气的压力能使用进行优化以及损失的评估，Cao等人使用Hysys软件分析了应用于小型天然气液化流程的使用混合制冷剂循环以及N2，CH4膨胀循环的撬装包。
Remeljej等人比较了四种液化流程包括单级混合制冷循环，两级膨胀氮循环，两开环膨胀流程，以及类似的能量分析得到单级的混合制冷剂循环有最低的能量损失。
表1 符号命名符号名称符号名称a 吸入参量，Pa(m3/mol) t 温度KA 无量纲吸入参量v 摩尔体积m3/molb 摩尔体积m3/mol W 能量kWB 无量纲摩尔体积Z 压缩系数c p 气体比热容Kj/kg.k z i 组分i摩尔组成e x,H 单位质量内能kJ/kg z j 组分j摩尔组成E 内能kJ 缩写h 单位质量焓值kJ/kg C5+ 重质烃k g 二元交换系数CP 压缩机p 压力kPa EXP 膨胀机R 气体常数LMTD 对数平均温差S 熵值kJ/kg.k LNG 液化天然气T 温度K NG 天然气Maunder设计了一种甲烷饱和液化流程，在膨胀过程中温度压力的降低从而达到气体液化的效果。
Alabdulkaremet等人通过使用丙烷预冷的混合制冷剂循环将制冷过程进行优化，并发现了一种可以降低单位产品的能耗的混合制冷剂的新组成。
Shen等人提出了一种利用压力能的液化天然气流程，但是并没有进行详细的分析及优化设计。
Xiong等人设计了一种适用于利用压缩机制冷及换热设备的城市门站。
Gao等人设计了一种带有丙烷预冷的氮气膨胀制冷循环液化煤层气的流程，并分析了氮气含量对液化率的影响。
在本文中，通过利用接近城市门站的气体压力能来完成液化天然气的膨胀液化过程。
这种液化过程的液化率大概在10%-15%之间。
这种循环的液化率要低于像混合制冷剂循环和氮膨胀循环的液化流程。
然而这种液化循环却有低能耗，使用灵活，简单的优点。
2.工艺流程设计2.1原料气参数管输天然气的压力值设置在4MPA，温度设置在15℃，流量假设在100104Nm3/d。
这种制冷过程是一种液化天然气直接膨胀循环利用高野液化天然气的一部分。
大部分供给的天然气膨胀到1.7MPA然后输送到中高压的管网中，另一部分的天然气膨胀到0,4MPA然后进入中等压力的管网，此时的管输流量低于100104Nm3/d，该天然气各个组分的摩尔百分数以及该流程中的其他参数在表2中展示。
2.2液化流程该液化天然气膨胀液化流程如图1所示。
首先供给的天然气被分为两个部分，其中较小部分的天然气流入预处理流程从而脱除二氧化碳，水及硫化氢，然后通过两级LNG 热交换器（LNG-100和LNG-101）从而到达气液分离器所需的重烃分离温度从而达到重烃的分离，此时天然气在另外的两个LNG 热交换器（LNG-102和LNG-103）中逐渐冷却及液化。
之后通过一个气体节流阀调节天然气的压力，最终LNG 产品在一个气液分离器中分离出来。
该气液分离器顶端排出的气体则流回四个LNG 换热器从而回收冷量然后流入中等压力天然气管网。
另外一部分的天然气通过压缩机增压后经过水冷系统冷却然后通过LNG 换热器（LNG-100）在此冷却。
在此冷却的天然气被分为两个部分第一个部分通过第一个膨胀机（exp-1）为其他三个LNG 换热器（LNG-101，LNG-102，LNG-103）提供冷量，最终被输入中高压天然气管网。
另外的一部分天然气随后经过两个LNG 换热器（LNG-101，LNG-102）冷却,.随后这部分天然气经过第二个膨胀机（EXP-2）之后回到四个LNG 换热器中提供冷量。
最终该部分天然气输入中高压天然气管网及中压天然气管网。
在本文中，研究的液化天然气流程不同于传统的液氮膨胀流程及甲烷膨胀流程。
在传统的甲烷膨胀流程及氮气膨胀流程中两个膨胀机是级联式连接，但是在这个系统中，两个膨胀机是平行连接，因而具有可以通过调节两个膨胀机通过的天然气流量来满足不同液化能力的需求的优点。
2.3相平衡方程相平衡方程是在液化过程中各物理参数计算的基础，在本文中使用P-R 方程，P-R 方程如下所示：()()b v b b v v a b v RT -++--=p其中：()()ij j i j i k a a z z a -=∑∑15.0 i i b z b ∑=P-R 方程还可以使用在压缩因数中，()()()023132223=-----+--B B AB Z B B A Z B Z其中：RT PV Z /=()2/RT ap A = RT bp B /=3. 优化处理3.1关键参数的优化单位能源消耗是用来评价液化天然气流程的一个重要方面，因而它往往被用作优化流程的目标函。
其中几个参数对于单位能源消耗有重要的影响，其中包括压缩机的出口压力，两个膨胀机的进口温度以及重烃分离温度。
这四个参数可以通过变量X=（P 202,t 204,t 208,t 105）T ，能源消耗作为目标函数如下所示：()LNG net MIN q W X f /=其中∑∑-=ander compressor net W W W exp表明膨胀机产生的效果全部应用于压缩机(单位为KW)。
q LNG 为LNG 的体积流量（单位为Nm 3/h ）。
由于非常低的能源消耗以及相当低的液化率，因而仅仅考虑参数对单位能源消耗的影响是不正确的。
实际上，还应该考虑这四个参数对于液化率的影响，在进行优化的过程中，应该保证单位能源消耗处于一个相当低的水平，然后让液化率可以到达一个尽可能高的值。
在HYSYS 中的优化程序在优化流程和原始方法中被选中，给出的约束函数如下所示：（1）换热器LNG-103的进出温差的最小值设置为3K 。
（2）输入中压天然气管网的天然气流量不超过10104Nm 3/d 。
（3）天然气经过膨胀机后不留下任何液体。
（4）经过重烃的分离后C 5的摩尔分率不超过70%。
3.2压缩机输出压力P 202在这个工艺流程中的影响压缩机的输出压力对于单位能量消耗及液化率的影响是十分巨大的。
该压缩机的出口压力同压缩机性能之间的关系如图2所示。
随着压缩机出口压力的增高，液化率也随着显著的增高。
这是因为压缩机出口压力的增高会增大膨胀机的膨胀比，这将导致制冷机产生更强的制冷能力，从而可以液化更多的天然气。
同时也表明，在压缩机出口压力不断增高的同时，压缩机的能耗也在不断的增高。
如图2 压缩机的出口压力同压缩机性能之间的关系3.3第一个膨胀机的入口温度对于该流程性能的影响膨胀剂的入口温度对于制冷效果以及膨胀机的出口工作量有十分显著的影响。
图3展示了随着函数变量第一个膨胀机入口温度t204变化，单位能量消耗以及液化率相应的变化关系(EXP-1)，随着膨胀机入口温度t204的不算降低，单位能量消耗先降低随后不断增高，当入口温度t204到达-20℃时，单位能量消耗有最低值。
产生这个现象的原因是，随着膨胀机入口温度的不断降低，使得流过制冷循环的单位制冷剂产生更大的制冷能力，因而使得制冷机中所需要的总制冷剂减少，压缩机所需要的压力也随着减少。
然而，制冷剂流量的减少使膨胀机的输出功率降低，同时使整体流程的单位能源消耗的升高。
因此第一膨胀机的入口温度t204和制冷剂流量有一个获得最低单位能量消耗的最优值。
另一个方面，液化率随着膨胀机入口温度的减少而增加。
图3单位能量消耗以及液化率同第一个膨胀机入口温度t204的变化图3.4第二个膨胀机的入口温度t208对于该流程性能的影响第二个膨胀机的入口温度对于第二个膨胀机的出口温度有轻微的影响。
而第二个膨胀机的出口温度对于节流前的天然气温度有重要影响。
这个影响的结果展示在图4中。
为了使膨胀剂中不产生液体因而要保证t208在-69.2℃以上。
流程的液化率随着t208的降低而增加，这是因为随着第二个膨胀机的t208的降低可以将天然气在节流前冷却到一个较低的温度，从而使得天然气的液化率升高。
而单位能量消耗量随着第二个膨胀机的入口温度的降低而减少。
这是因为随着液化率的升高闪蒸汽的产生量会减少，很容易从约束函数中发现，闪蒸汽需要经过压缩才可以输入中高压天然气管网。
综上所述，单位能量消耗因而减少。
图4 第二个膨胀机的出口温度对于节流前的天然气温度影响3.5重烃的分离温度t205对于该流程性能的影响重烃的分离工作在天然气的液化中起着非常大的作用。
如果重烃的分离不在一个合适的温度中完成，将使重烃在较低的温度中固化产生运输管道的堵塞。
重烃的分离温度对于该液化流程性能的影响展示在图5中。
当随着重烃分离温度的降低，液化率也同时降低。
重烃分离温度越低，天然气的中就有更多的重烃分离出来。
结果使得天然气的液化率降低，无论如何，单位能源消耗量会随着重烃分离温度的降低而升高。
图5 重烃的分离温度对于该液化流程性能的影响4.结果及分析通过利用天然气管道压力能对液化过程的主要参数进行优化设计，如表3所示。