2016考研英语：真题经典长难句必背(一)

2016考研英语真题长难句（特殊结构）

2016考研英语真题长难句（特殊结构）2016考研英语真题长难句(特殊结构)考研常命题的长难句中，除了常考的三大从句外，还有一些特殊结构(如倒装结构、比较结构、分隔结构等)，这些特殊结构往往成为考生理解的难点。

本文给出真题阅读中的一些典型的特殊结构的例句，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。

1、强调结构Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.[参考译文]也许正是因为人类长期以来遭受旱涝摆布的痛苦，才使他们制服洪水的理想显得如此令人着迷。

[结构分析]这是一个强调句，基本结构是it is...suffering...that makes...so fascinating，被强调部分是humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought，其中的中心词是suffering，有两个修饰成分：humankind's long和at the mercy of flood and drought(受旱涝摆布)都做suffering的定语。

suffering这个词除了是被强调的部分外，还是后面that引导的从句的主语;在that引导的从句中，ideal做宾语，带有of引导的动名词短语forcing the waters to do our bidding(让河水听我们吩咐)这个定语;so fascinating做ideal的宾语补语，说明ideal的特点。

2、倒装结构Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.[参考译文]1980年美国的人口普查数据表明，没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。

2016考研英语：积累+运用,搞定长难句so easy

2016考研英语：积累+运用，搞定长难句so easy有的考生形容2016考研英语的知识点像豆腐一样琐碎。

的确，英语的备考需要从词汇、语法、长难句等各个方面来扎实掌握。

考生读不懂句子，其中重要的原因是看不懂句子的结构，尤其是长难句、复杂句，所以攻克他们成了备考首当其冲的问题，积累+运用是攻克良方，让大家搞定长难句so easy，下面我们就一起来学习一下吧！●PART 1Although the figure may vary , analysts do agree on another matter：that the number of the homeless is increasing . One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night , a good number still spend the bulk of each day wandering the street . Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.闪光词组帮助日益增多的无家可归者：assist this growing homeless population找到做某事的方法变得越来越难：finding ways to do something has become increasingly difficult设法找到了庇护所：manage to find a shelter每天花大部分时间做某事：spend the bulk of each day doing something对酒和毒品上瘾：be addicted to alcohol or drugs考点运用Although the figure may vary , analysts do agree on anther matter:that the number of the homeless is increasing.【翻译】尽管人们估计的数字可能各不相同，但是分析家们在一件事上的确达成了共识，即无家可归者的数量正在增加。

16年考研英语每日一句汇总(1-96句)

何凯文每日一句:2017考研英语第一句窗外还有鞭炮声，还有烟花，传统的年还没有过完;但是墙上的日历却已经指到了3月1日。

不完全精确的消息称今年考研的时间是2015年12月26号和27号;这样总共整整还有三百天;是时候开始了。

这是我们一起走过的第四个年头，我刚才翻看了2013考研的第一句，开头什么话都没有说，就是直接“2013考研英语每日一句第一句”。

刚开始的时候，有人说我只是作秀，我坚持不下去的。

我没有反驳，别人说的也挺有道理的，毕竟坚持是挺难的一件事情，我想还是让时间去证明吧，一年，两年，三年，一共956天，没有一天中断，我做到了!看着一个个我精心挑选的句子和每天同学们的签到，我真的可以骄傲的觉得我是一名将军，带着自己的铁血军团厮杀出了青春黎明应该有的华美，我们需要做的就是坚持!新的一段路程，年轻的朋友们，我们一起努力吧!我坚信：所谓生活，就是执著!今天的句子来自今年经济学人第一期的文章，文章讨论到专家和当地牧民就黄石公园的两种动物争论不休，看似纯经济纯科学的研究报告也好，法庭争论也罢，实际潜藏的乃是正反两方各自复杂的道德立场和利益考量。

贾斯汀•法瑞尔的《黄石的战争》指出了美国政治的积弊，与其为了把自己的真理塞进别人的喉咙费尽气力，不如多些体谅，求同存异。

Yellowstone’s hidden moral disputes offer wider lessons to America,a country that is increasingly divided and unusually keen on tackling complex ethical questions in judicial and quasi-judicial settings.词汇突破：1.moral disputes道德争论2.Be keen on执着于…3.Tackle处理，解决4.Judicial司法5.quasi-judicial准司法(quasi-official body半官方团体)更多例句：Federal administrative bodies issue rules and regulations of aquasi-legislative character.联邦行政机构发布规章制度是一个准立法行为.6.setting环境in research settings在研究环境中主干识别：Yellowstone’s hidden moral disputes offer wider lessons to America.“A offers wider lessons to B”黄石公园中隐藏的道德之争给美国提供了更加宽泛的教训。

历年考研英语试题长难句_2016年英语一试题长难句(01)进入阅读模式

考研英语翻译如何才能打好基础？首先要积累词汇，其次要明确长难句考察点，而无论是翻译、完型、阅读，只不过考察的方向不同，所采用的素材来源都是相当的，因此，坚持研究历年考研英语试题的长难句是打好翻译的基础。

为你整理2016考研英语试题长难句，一起来看吧~点击查看历年考研英语试题长难句汇总2022考研英语备考复习库词汇语法翻译新题型完型写作Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.(Text 3. 2016. 英一)rule out 排除stand / st?nd / n.态度，立场rather than 而不是account for 解释，说明leniency / ?li:ni?nsi / n.宽大，仁慈campaign / k?m?pein / n.运动(为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)fine / fain / n.罚金，罚款他们的分析排除了“是企业的政治影响力，而非其CSR立场使它们获得宽大处理”的可能性：为政治活动捐献更多的企业并未受到更低的罚款。

以上是为大家整理的"历年考研英语试题长难句_2016年英语一试题长难句（01）"，希望能够帮助到大家，祝大家每天坚持复习，来年迎来一个理想的成绩，相关问题尽在英语翻译~历年考研英语翻译详解_以2019年考研英语一翻译为例2022考研英语翻译方法:定语位置如何调整2022考研英语翻译方法:时间|地点|方式状语位置如何调整。

20161208考研长难句每日一句

20161208考研长难句每日一句为什么要练长难句长难句分析是考研英语阅读、完型、新题型和翻译的基础必备技能；每日一练，积少成多；以量变促质变，考研英语不考高分都很难！从今天开始吧！Pain past is pleasure.-----过去的痛苦就是快乐。

无论多么艰难一定要咬牙冲过去，将来回忆起来一定甜蜜无比。

长难句This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.句子分析主干为：this movement built a nation … and shaped the character and destiny …driven by powerful and diverse motivations 为v-ed形式的状语by its nature 为介词短语充当状语，修饰shapedout of wilderness 修饰built a nation难点词汇driven by 在。

的驱动下powerful and diverse motivations 多种强有力的动机built a nation out of a wilderness 从一片荒芜中建立一个国家by its nature 从本质上shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent 塑造了一个未知大陆的命运和性格uncharted 地图上为标明的参考译文：在各种强大动机的推动下，这项运动从一片荒芜中建立了一个国家并且根据其本质塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

不放弃任何一次学习进步的机会你将最终取得理想的成功Never give up any opportunity of making progress in study, you will eventually succeed。

【2016考研】英语：长难句真题解析

【2016考研】英语：长难句真题解析▶长难句1、（2005年阅读理解）Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.【成分】Above all,状语 like their female human counterparts,插入语 they主语tend to pay much谓语 closer attention to谓语the value of “goods and services”宾语 than males.比较级【析句】句子开头是个介词短语Above all做状语, 后面表示比较关系的插入语，也就是like their female human counterparts, 句子的主语是they，动词是个短语，也就是tend to pay much closer attention to，宾语是the value of “goods and services”，后面是个比较级，也就是 than males。

此句话的亮点在于插入语用得很漂亮，而且比较级用得很精彩，而且动词是个短语tend to pay much closer attention to，导致宾语很难找到。

【翻译】最重要的是，像人类中的女人一样，它们比公猴更关心“货物和服务”的价值。

【讲词】above all最重要的是like their female human counterparts像人类中的女人一样pay much closer attention to更关心the value of “goods and services”“货物和服务”的价值2、（2005年阅读理解）The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep when most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.【成分】The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep when most 宾语从句 vivid dreams occur as it is when fully awake,宾语从句 says谓语 Dr.Eric Nofzinger主语 at the定语 University of Pittsburgh.定语【析句】该句子是一个倒装句，句首是间接引语的宾语从句，其主谓结构后置，即says Dr, Eric.宾语从句的主干是个比较结构The brain is as active during REM as it is when fully awake。

2016年考研英语一阅读text 2长难句

2016年考研英语一阅读text 2长难句一、概述2016年考研英语一考试中，阅读部分的text 2中出现了一些长难句，给考生带来了一定的挑战。

长难句是指句子结构复杂，逻辑关系复杂，读起来费力的句子。

在阅读理解中，长难句往往是考生的“绊脚石”，因此我们有必要对2016年考研英语一阅读text 2中的长难句进行分析和讨论，帮助考生更好地理解和应对这些句子。

二、分析长难句在2016年考研英语一阅读text 2中，我们发现了以下几个比较具有代表性的长难句，它们分别是：1. "However, the absence of a clear and deeply rooted tradition of democratic governance," is s本人d to expl本人n, "is part of what accounts for the relative weakness of civil society in Russia."2. "The politically controlled oligarchs in the early post-Soviet period, when the emergence of the new politics of the state was still unclear, were typically loath to draw attention tothemselves."3. "The uncert本人nty about the state’s role in the economy during the 1990s was heightened by the fact that basic law and regulation were often in flux."以上三个句子分别体现了长难句在不同句子结构和逻辑关系上的复杂性。

2016考研英语阅读长难句练习

2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语辅导阅读理解魔道之争，水火不容。

然我辈常误入歧途，至于走火入魔而不知。

易筋洗骨，正本清源，不二法门之端也，篇名易筋经之深意也。

做题分三步，先本后末再选择，从我正道，勿走邪道，切记，切记。

★题型总揽题型即招数，参透对手招数，知己知彼，百战不殆。

★十大埋伏埋伏处，生与死之交也，敌欲困我于此，我偏冲出囹圄。

考场时间，分秒必争。

搜索路标，快慢有律。

遇见埋伏，三思而行。

今列出十大埋伏，皆为出题人偏爱之处，题目路标，常隐含其中。

暴露对手命门，大快朵颐。

1文章首尾，段落段首：2 转折处，对比处：（1）but，however，nevertheless，although；含蓄转折，通过过去与现在对比，或It seems that…、It‘s said that…等句型表达。

（2）more…than, not so much… as , less…than, would rather3 强烈语气处：especially, particularly, true, surprisingly,4 双重否定处：表肯定，实为强调5 列举、举例处：常出细节题、例证题。

如first, second, third…, for example, for instance,6 数字处、年代处，专有名词处：常出细节题7 因果处：连词：because of, therefore, consequently,动词：cause, result, originate from, underlie,名词：basis, result, consequence8 长难句处：常出推理题：虚拟语气处、强调句、形式主语、从句套从句、同位语、插入语、if, when等引导的条件句9 特殊标点符号处：如冒号―：‖、引号10 最高级、绝对化的词：如the best, most, worst, never, must, all, only, everyone, anything,★干扰项特点我辈常苦众多干扰，似是而非，真假难辨，实不知江湖之险恶也。

2016考研英语：长难句“一网打尽”

2016考研英语：长难句“一网打尽”为了使分析更有针对性，我们不但剖析了英语长难句的基本句型，而且对近年来考研英语试题中出现的典型长难句进行了分析。

▶长难句基本句型近几年，考研英语出现了很多难句。

并且这些难句主要是长难句。

长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。

这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。

虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。

下面分别对这四种方式一一解析。

一、复合从句在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。

复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。

本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。

这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。

（一）简单复合从句简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。

套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。

这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。

在翻译定语从句时，“这（些/个）”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。

阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。

一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。

并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。

也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。

其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。

并列从句修饰主语，就是说并列从句作状语。

这种句子很简单。

翻译时，可以直译，把从句作定语，直接放在主语前面。

如果从句很长，可以使用复指代词。

另外，翻译从句先行词时，要注意词性的转换，比如hope/suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。

考生要切忌拘于词性。

并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。

一般情况下，这些从句都不完整，多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。

2016考研英语长难句翻译练习及解析

2016考研英语：长难句翻译练习及解析2016考研英语长难句的相关知识学到现在，不知道各位考生掌握的如何，在实际操作的时候，大家可以依然是先分句翻译，然后根据上下文与段落整体逻辑进行整合串联。

下面就给举几个例子供大家练习并进行解析。

【例1】Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.译文：依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量，要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大，而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状。

句子主干：Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,…and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms复合结构：with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect时间状语从句：when the substance is discontinued【例2】It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert them.译文：对于那些竭力自我显示的国家和人民来说，修建高大雄伟的大坝即是某种成就的象征，然而修建大坝其实并没有多大作用。

2016年考研英语真题答案及解析

2016年考研英语一真题答案解析Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析及结构本文选自Wikipcdia（维基百科）网站“Courtship,Marriage,and Divorce in Cambodia（柬埔寨青年的恋爱、结婚和离婚）”一文，讲述柬埔寨青年的婚恋习俗。

本文有着明确的主题，全文的中心主线在文章首句中就明确给出了：In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.（在柬埔寨，选择配偶对于年轻男子而言是一件复杂的事情。

）这个主题句明示了整篇文章的主题就是围绕着“婚姻和配偶选择及其复杂性”展开的。

全文由三段组成，第一段提及柬埔寨年轻人选择配偶的过程；第二段讲述柬埔寨具体的婚礼习俗‘第三段提及离婚过程，同时强调离异人士所面临的性别歧视。

二、语篇精读及试题精解词汇详解：spouse配偶matchmaker媒人1．[A]by way of经由；作为[B]as well as以及[C]on behalf of代表；为了[D]with regard to关于；对于【答案】B【考点】逻辑关系（复现结构）。

【解析】考生需要为本空前后的原文信息做定位分析。

首先，本空之后的原文信息those of the young woman与之前的his parents and his friends和之后的a matchmaker均做谓语动词involve的宾语，且这三个宾语平行并列。

其中的两个宾语his parents and his friends与a matchmaker之间的并列关系原文已经通过已知线索not only…but also说明，根据复现原则，本空应选择能同样表达并列关系的词组，很明显正确答案为选项[B]as well as以及。

2.[A]adapt to适应，适合[B]provide for为……做准备；供养[C]compete with与……竞争[D]decide on决定，选定【答案】D【考点】动词（词组）辨析（对应成分分析法）。

2016年考研英语一真题与答案解析完整版

2016 年考研英语一真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not onlyhis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, orthe young man ’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride ’s and groom ’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife ’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ’t have a waiting period before he canremarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also a gre ed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness ”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That ’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death —as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that stillregards beauty as skin-deep —and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that doesnot meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to setvoluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to France ’s actions, Denmark ’s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised DanishFashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ”The charter ’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on ”(Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models ’character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside ”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. ”It was specifically to provide city dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air. ”Hill ’s pressure later ledto the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don ’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives ’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off-plan ”building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinuelocal planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using greenland. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows ”is pure lobby talk. The issue is notthe need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-townshopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns andvillages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edgesand respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe ’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative —the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain ’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn ’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan ”building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne ’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today ’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, ”Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit ”. But even if you accept Firedman ’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders ’money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal ”that a company ’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company ’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects bec ause consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutionsunder America ’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do notconsume a company ’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only bythe halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms ’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be influenced by a company ’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, ”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman ’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company ’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies ’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies ’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future ，”the paper ’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ，there ’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks —isn ’t just expensive; it ’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don ’t have the same setof financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be amistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should ’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they goabout doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sensefor them, ”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you ’re going to have your most loyal customersreally upset with you. ”Sometimes that ’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder, ”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn ’t pick a year to end print, ”he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct. ”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they ’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you ’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping, ”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue. ”In other words, if you ’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be whatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It ’s a really hard thing to do and it ’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn ’t have a legacy business, ”Peretti remarked. “But we ’r e going to have questions like that where we have thingswe ’re doing that don ’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it ’s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product ”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are bec oming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has animpact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased on the way you look.The difference between today ’s workplace and the “dress for success ”era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradoxof being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It canbe confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what ’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I ’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you ’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be agood time. If you ’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there ’s no need for an upgrade and that ’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you ’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivotit?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo. ”(It ’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the peopleyou respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personalstylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It ’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn ’t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniformor a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, onearticle of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don ’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is builtinto us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mentalhealth can ’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don ’t understand the value of mental health and we don ’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn ’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of beingrestored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. It ’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view otherswith sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, orcoming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patiencefor ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on ourcar, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will seethat it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available evenin the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend fromfoe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or theinner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】 B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____ 女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有 B 选项as well as 表示并列关系。

2016考研英语长难句分析必备词汇(1)

9、property ['pr?p?ti]n. 财产，所有物，性质，地产，道具
10、social ['s?u??l]adj. 社会的，社交的n. 社交聚会
11、unjust ['?n'd??st]adj. 不公平的
12、fundamental [.f?nd?'mentl]adj. 基本的，根本的，重要的
2016考研英语长难句分析必识词汇(1)
1、population [.p?pju'lei??n]n. 人口，(全体)居民，人数
2、planet ['pl?nit]n. 行星
3、weaken ['wi:k?n]v. 使 ... 弱，变弱，弄淡
4、independent [indi'pend?nt]adj. 独立的，自主的，有主见的n. 独立
——终有一天你必将感谢现在如此努力的自己加油考研人中公考研
中公考研
17、address [?'dres]n. 住址，致词，讲话，谈吐，(处理问题的)技巧
18、produce [pr?'dju:s]n. 产品，农作物vt. 生产，提出，引起，
19、function ['f??k??n]n. 功能，函数，职务，重大聚会vi. 运行
20、conduct [k?n'd?kt]n. 行为，举动，品行（中公考研）
13、legitimacy [li'd?itim?si]n. 合法，适法，正当
14、prosper ['pr?sp?]vi. 繁盛，成功，兴旺
15、issue ['i?ju:]n. 发行物，期刊号，争论点vi. & vt

2016考研英语之长难句真题练习

PART 1 Our noses arecapable of detecting human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely , some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another , whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate particular smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send messages to the brain. However , it has been found that even people insensitive toa certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough. ●真题段落中有哪些闪光词汇? 生成特定气味接收器：generate particular smell receptors 发送信息给大脑：send messages to the brain 接触X足够长的时间：expose to X often enough 察觉到人的气味：detect human smells 稀释到远低于百万分之一：be diluted to far below one part in one million ●COME ON!来练练手! However , it has been found that even people (insensitive to a certain smell at first ) can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough. 【翻译】然而，人们发现了，即使是那些最初对某种气味不敏感的人，只要接触这种气味足够长时间，也会突然对这种气味敏感起来。

2016考研英语长难句破解秘笈

2016考研英语长难句破解秘笈考研英语长难句其实并不难，找到了破解的秘钥就可以轻松过关。

任何难题的解决都要从根源处着手，长难句的破解得先看句型，及其根源，只要掌握了两大基本句型及其扩展的规律，要攻克长难句也就是顺其自然了。

下面我们一起来看看。

英语句型看似复杂多变，其实源于两大钻石句型，即①主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)和②主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)本句型总共有4种形式，分别因谓语动词的不同特点而决定谓语之后有无宾语或补足语，具体为：1)主语+谓语2)主语+谓语+宾语3)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语4)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语每一成分皆可复杂化，由此加大了句子的理解难度。

下面就演示一下这两大基本句型是如何扩展成复杂的长难句的。

一、句子扩展：修饰成分加长(一)钻石句型①主谓宾句型The boy (主语) likes (谓语) English (宾语).1.主语扩展：The clever boy likes English.The boy with a book in his hand likes English.The boy who is full of imagination likes English.The clever boy who is full of imagination with a book in his hand likes English.注：主语中心词为the boy, 可以通过加形容词、介词短语、定语从句及其组合等成分使主语复杂化，从而增加理解难度。

考研(课程)翻译中的主语考点多为修饰成分繁多的主语。

2.谓语扩展：The boy likes English very much.The boy likes English out of interest.The boy likes English influenced by his parents.The boy likes English, hoping that one day he can go abroad.The boy liked English when he was five years old.注：谓语动词like通过添加副词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、状语从句等进行扩展，从而使句子变得复杂，增加了理解难度。

2016考研英语：真题经典长难句必背(一)

2016考研英语：真题经典长难句必背(一)一篇考研阅读理解文章中一般会出现3-5句长难句，而且还至少有一道针对长难句理解的考题，因此很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。

1、主从复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[参考译文]当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。

[结构分析]本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引导一个时间状语从句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句，表示让步。

在主干it is advisable to find out... 中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。

2、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参考译文]与你谈话时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。

2016考研英语阅读经典长难句子!必备的哦!

2016考研英语阅读经典长难句子！必备的哦！俗话说：熟能生巧，2016考研英语阅读长难句的复习，方法之一就是多背多看多总结，通过多读多看，大家能够提升语感和遣词造句的能力，下面分享50个经典考研英语长难句子，希望考生多读多看几遍。

1、It is difficult to the point ofimpossibility for the average reader under theage of forty to imagine a time when high- quality arts criticism could be found in most big-citynewspapers. (2010 T1 P2)对于平均年龄40岁以下的读者而言, 他们很难想象在大多数大城市的主流报纸上可以读到高质量的艺术评论的那一年代。

2. To read such books today is tomarvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general- circulation dailies. (2010 T1 P2)今天我们阅读这样的书籍,会惊讶于这样的一个事实:这些学术性文艺评论曾经被认为适合刊登在面向大众发行的日报上。

3. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers wouldwrite in detail and at length about the events they covered. (2010 T1 P3)在那些远去的日子里,主流报刊的评论家们详尽地评论所报道的事件,认为是理所当然的。

4. Curbs on business-method claimswould be adramaticabout-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its1998 decision in the so- called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of poolingmutual-fund assets. (2010 T2 P3)对于商业方法专利授予的限制将会出现巨大的转变,因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年被称为“州街银行案”的决议中引入了这类专利,其中的共有资产投资的管理方法被授予了专利。

2016年考研英语一真题与答案解析完整版

2016 年考研英语一真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not onlyhis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, orthe young man ’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride ’s and groom ’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife ’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ’t have a waiting period before he canremarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also a gre ed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness ”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That ’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death —as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that stillregards beauty as skin-deep —and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that doesnot meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to setvoluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to France ’s actions, Denmark ’s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised DanishFashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ”The charter ’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on ”(Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models ’character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside ”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. ”It was specifically to provide city dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air. ”Hill ’s pressure later ledto the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don ’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives ’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off-plan ”building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinuelocal planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using greenland. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows ”is pure lobby talk. The issue is notthe need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-townshopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns andvillages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edgesand respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe ’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative —the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain ’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn ’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan ”building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne ’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today ’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, ”Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit ”. But even if you accept Firedman ’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders ’money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal ”that a company ’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company ’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects bec ause consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutionsunder America ’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do notconsume a company ’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only bythe halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms ’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be influenced by a company ’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, ”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman ’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company ’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies ’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies ’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future ，”the paper ’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ，there ’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks —isn ’t just expensive; it ’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don ’t have the same setof financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be amistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should ’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they goabout doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sensefor them, ”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you ’re going to have your most loyal customersreally upset with you. ”Sometimes that ’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder, ”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn ’t pick a year to end print, ”he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct. ”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they ’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you ’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping, ”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue. ”In other words, if you ’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be whatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It ’s a really hard thing to do and it ’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn ’t have a legacy business, ”Peretti remarked. “But we ’r e going to have questions like that where we have thingswe ’re doing that don ’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it ’s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product ”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are bec oming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has animpact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased on the way you look.The difference between today ’s workplace and the “dress for success ”era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradoxof being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It canbe confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what ’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I ’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you ’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be agood time. If you ’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there ’s no need for an upgrade and that ’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you ’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivotit?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo. ”(It ’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the peopleyou respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personalstylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It ’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn ’t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniformor a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, onearticle of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don ’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is builtinto us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mentalhealth can ’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don ’t understand the value of mental health and we don ’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn ’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of beingrestored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. It ’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view otherswith sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, orcoming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patiencefor ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on ourcar, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will seethat it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available evenin the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend fromfoe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or theinner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】 B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____ 女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有 B 选项as well as 表示并列关系。

2016考研英语经典长难句训练与解析(09.23)

2016考研英语:经典长难句训练与解析(09.23)在复习考研英语阅读的时候，大家最怕的就是长难句。

那么，怎样才能攻克考研英语长难句这只拦路虎呢?要想长难句不再难，方法之一就是在复习的时候，多多练习一些经典的考研英语长难句。

俗话说：熟能生巧!一种句型，当你练习了几遍，考试时看到同样的句型，也就知道该如何作答了。

为了帮助各位2016考研的同学攻克长难句，给大家整理了一些经典的长难句训练题，并附有详细的解析，希望能帮助大家。

考研英语长难句训练题：518、I have excluded him because, while hisaccomplishments may contribute to the solution ofmoral problems, he has not been charged with taskof approaching any but the factual aspects of thoseproblems.519、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity;anymore than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules ofconduct in business.520、They may teach very well and more than earntheir salaries, but most of them make little or noindependent reflections on human problems whichinvolve moral judgment.考研英语长难句解析：第518题：【分析】多重复合句。

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