英语句子结构和成分分析
句子结构和成分分析
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：
Helivesquite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。)
Ilikereading.（like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
Iboughta pen yesterday.（bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
因此可以看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。
一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。
Hedidhis homework at seven o’clock.(did单独作谓语，意为“做”，是实义动词。)
Didhedohis homework yesterday? (did是助动词，帮助构成一般疑问句，do是实义动词，意为“做”，是实义动词。)
viii.Hewas( )struck( )by a stone.
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：
Hecanswim across the river.(can的词义为“能够”)
The manwalkedaway.(walk不及物动词，意为“走”)
Hewalkedthe dog every day.( walk及物动词，“遛”)
Shewashesclothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)
The clotheswasheswell.(wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)
英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
讲义：句子成分及句子结构
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
即：句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 . 主语（subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. 名词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词The poor are now living in the shelter.名词化的形容词Seeing is believing。
动名词To see is to believe. 不定式He likes dancing. 代词What he needs is a book。
句子（主从）It is necessary to master a foreign language.2谓语：：说明主语的动作、状态和特征；动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（1）简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.（2）复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing3宾语:动作的对象或承受者—-及物动词或介词的宾语,即动宾&介宾,常用名词或相当于名词的词(动词不定式或动名词）、代词和数词充当Show your passport，please. 名词She didn’t say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me。
英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子的结构可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。
1. 主语：句子中表达动作或状态的实施者或具有其中一种属性的人
或事物。
如：The cat caught a mouse.（猫抓住了一只老鼠。
）
2. 谓语：句子中表达动作、状态或存在的核心。
如：He is running.（他正在奔跑。
）
3. 宾语：句子中受到动作影响的人或事物。
如：She bought a book.（她买了一本书。
）
4. 定语：句子中修饰名词或代词的成分，用来描述、限定名词或代词。
如：I have a red car.（我有一辆红色的车。
）
5. 状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分，用来描述、限定
动词、形容词、副词。
如：He speaks English fluently.（他流利地讲
英语。
）
6. 补语：句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或介词宾语的成分。
如：The soup tastes delicious.（这汤味道很好。
小学英语语法之句子结构分析详解
句法讲解一、句子成分句子成分大体可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语、独立成分等。
1、主语：主语是句子叙述的主体，是全局述说的对象。
表明这句话描述的是什么，常有名词、代词充当。
例：We are students.2、谓语：谓语主要是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词词组担任。
放在主语的后面。
例：We are students. I like cats.3、宾语：宾语表示及物动词动作的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后，常用名词、代词充当。
例：Mike do the job. I like cats.4、表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。
表语放在连系动词（如be）之后表示主语的身份或特征，常用名词、代词、形容词充当。
例：The apple is red. Her voice sounds sweet.5、定语：用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
例：This is a red sun. He is a tall boy.6、状语：用来说明动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
常有副词担任。
修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
例：The students study hard. I often write to him. The bag is too heavy.7、补足语：用于补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态的句子成分。
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等充当。
例：We call him Monkey. The tiger was caught alive.8、同位语：同位语是对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释，通常是由名词、数词、代词或从句等担任。
例：This is Mr.Li, our teacher.二、句子种类英语句子按照目的分为：陈述句，祈使句，感叹句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，反意疑问句）。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.实词：有实际意义的词。
名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。
vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。
介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。
语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。
常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！I can（情态动词）do it!I don’t（助动词）know!H e is（系动词）asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。
英语句子成分分析及结构
8种基本句子成分：1.主语：表句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
通常在句子前面，充当主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。
e.g. The trees grow very fast.2.谓语：说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
通常在主语后（出疑问和倒装外）。
一般由动词来充当。
e.g. The plane takes off at 8, but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog.3.宾语：表动作行为的对象，在及物动词或介词后。
充当宾语的有名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。
e.g. He takes a bath every morning.4.表语：与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分，说明主语的性质和特征。
长在系动词之后。
充当表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语从句等。
e.g. He turned doctor after school, as his parents had expected.Oh, it’s you.5.定语：用来修饰名词或代词。
单个词长放在被修饰词前面，短语或句子在被修饰词之后。
充当定语的有数词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。
e.g. More than twenty workers were fired.This is a stone table and hard enough to hold the load of goods.6.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词，表动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。
位置比较灵活。
充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、形容词词组和名词词组、从句等。
e.g. Tom speaks english very fast and i almost can’t understand him.Don’t step on ht grass, for it is growing.7.补足语：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等皆可做补足语。
句子结构和成分分析
第一讲英语的句子结构和成分主讲张燮一. 主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1.The sun is shining2.They talked for half an hour.3.The pen writes well.*主语：可以做主语的有名词（boy. fire. apple等）,代词（I, you ,it. she等），数词（two, thirteen）,动词不定式（to learn English, to take a taxi）,动词ing形式(playing football, watching TV)以及从句（what he did, That he is from Sichuan）.#不能做主语的是：动词及动词短语（do, do some cooking, listen to the radio）,介词短语（by bike, in the classroom.）学生常见错误如：1.Do something is better than do nothing.2.In the classroom have three boys.3.By bike is good for health.4.Listen to the music make me happy.*不及物动词（vi）指该动词不能跟宾语，也就是说该动词后没有宾语.（如上例）。
常见的不及物动词有（go, come, arrive, sleep, fall, appear, get. look, turn等）。
如：1.We go work every day. 2.My mother arrived Chengdu yesterday.3she often looks me.如果不及物动词后面跟宾语必须加介词过渡，转化为介词宾语。
1.we go to work every day.2.My mother arrived in Chengdu yesterday.3.She often looks at me.*谓语：由动词构成，位于主语之后。
英语句子结构、成分及分析举例
英语句子结构、成分及分析举例一、英语语句基本结构分析：(一)主谓宾结构：1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!Eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Tow and tow is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，Eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去，如：come, go 等)3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是…代词宾格‟，如：me，him，them等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。
Eg：I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.(二)主系表结构：1、主语：同…主谓宾‟结构。
2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解⼀、英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解：主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don?t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I?m poor, I can?t b uy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。
考研英语句子结构及成分分析
把英语句子结 构比作“树状 形”，其结构 时候要用从句呢？
当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语因内容 太多而无法用单词或短语来实现要表达的意思是， 就要用到其对应的从句。
一个美丽的女孩。 A beautiful girl. 一个爱笑的女孩。 A girl who likes smile.
谓语
简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。 He loves you.
复合谓语 情态动词+不定式
I can speak a little English.
3、主谓宾结构
主语+动词+宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在动词或介词之后，
能作宾语的有名词，代词，动名词，数词，动词不 定式等。
We like English. I love you. I like singing I like to sing.
用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句 等。
状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作 状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
I already have an apple. He lives in London. We learn a language in order to communicate. She already fell asleep when her mother came home.
主语从句？ 表语从句？ 宾语从句？ What makes me happy is the past. I am what I am. I heard (that) he passed the exam.
汉语句子结构像“波浪 形”，其结构宛如“万 顷碧浪，层层推进”。 其句子的关系通常是并 列平行的，是以时间顺 序或逻辑顺序排列的。 各种关联词的使用不如 英语那么频繁，分句与 分句的关系要透过上下 文才能决定，句子结构 通常比较松散
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及结构（一）句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子结构成分及分析举例
英语句子结构成分及分析举例
1. The cat is sitting on the mat.
句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语+状语
句子成分分析：
- 主语：The cat
- 谓语：is sitting
- 宾语：on the mat
-状语：无
2. John and Mary went to the park yesterday.
句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语+状语
句子成分分析：
- 主语：John and Mary
- 谓语：went
- 宾语：to the park
- 状语：yesterday
3. I bought a new car last week.
句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语+状语
句子成分分析：
-主语：I
- 谓语：bought
- 宾语：a new car
- 状语：last week
4. She is reading a book in the library.
句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语+状语
句子成分分析：
- 主语：She
- 谓语：is reading
- 宾语：a book
- 状语：in the library
5. The sun sets in the west.
句子结构：主语+谓语+状语
句子成分分析：
- 主语：The sun
- 谓语：sets。
英语句子成分结构详解
英语句子成分结构详解一、英语语句基本结构分析：（一）主谓宾结构：1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Two and two is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
谓语可以是不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注（以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear, happen,break out;表来、去，如：come, go等）3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。
eg：I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.（二）主系表结构：1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语：联系动词（Linkverb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,havebeen)；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear,see等。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。
英语句子成分及结构解析
look 看起来； smell 闻起来；sound 听起来； taste 尝起来； feel 感觉； keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn变得。
4 第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直 接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语 是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除 直接宾 语外，还要求一个间接宾语，以表
give 给
tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄，送
hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 lend 借给 return 把……还给…… throw 扔……给……
leave 留给 promise 许诺，答应 refuse 拒绝
②后面加for的动词：
get 得到 make 制造，做 buy 买 do 做
play 演奏 order 命令
sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后
接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见；还有宾
语补足语，各种搭配记心间。
5 第五种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 语 (S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)
(1)有些及物动词，只接一个宾语不能表达完整的 意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说 明 ，使 意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合 宾语，可以由名词、形容词和不定式来担任。
(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感 官的动词如see, watch, look at（notice, observe） hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时， 要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时，还要 加上 “to”。
英语句子结构与成分分析
英语句子结构与成分分析五种基本句型1、主（语）＋谓（语）1、主语主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。
表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。
主语是执行句子中行为或动作的主体，是句子中行为活动做的施加者。
2、谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。
一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味,是主语发出的动作。
能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。
虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。
为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：A、宾语宾语，是动词作用的对象，通常是由名词或代词来充当（想一想：主语是由什么充当的？），从位置上来看，位于谓语动词之后，例如：He reads English .在这里English 就是作reads 的宾语。
在英语中，宾语通常是做动词或介词的宾语即构成动宾短语或介宾短语（介词短语），也就是说，一般来讲,做宾语的，要么是做动词的宾语，要么是做做介词的宾语，二者必居其一。
对于什么是及物动词和不及物动词也是同学们常问到的问题，对于这两个“东东”的认识，我们还是来看看语法专著上是怎么解释的：有些动词后面通常直接跟用作宾语的名词或代词。
在语法上，这些动词成为“及物动词”，有些动词后面通常不直接跟宾语，这些动词成为“不及物动词”，例如：I like English .其中的like 是及物动词，为什么这么说呢？因为它后面直接跟了个宾语English,如果它后面不跟English的话，句子含义就不完整，你到底喜欢什么呢，好像话没说完似的，所以说及物动词后面必须带宾语。
He often swims in the river(他经常在河里游泳)，其中的swims 是不及物动词，为什么呢？应为它后面没带宾语，说他游泳句子意思已经表达很清楚完整了，没必要再加宾语了，你说还游泳个什么？有的要说了，那in the river 在这里不就是宾语嘛，NO! 它在这儿不是宾语，因为它不可能作为“游泳”的对象（但“英语”可以做为“喜欢”的对象），那它会是什么呢？实际上，in the river 在这里是状语的，而且是表示地点的状语。
英语句子成分、结构分析+作文万能句子短语
句子成分分析句子成分划分巧计主在前，谓在中,宾语状语后面冲。
短语定语住宾后,形代定语住宾前。
间宾直宾紧相连,直间之间to， for 连。
宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。
一，主语:是一个句子的主体，一般放在谓语之前，是动作的实施者.主语由名词,代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing形式或从句充当。
1.Mary is a good student。
(名词)2.Unity is strength。
( 名词）3.He enjoys walking in the fields. （代词）4.Four plus six is ten。
（数词）5.To work hard is important。
（不定式短语)6.It is my job to teach them English。
（不定式短语是真正的主语,it 为形式主语）7.Smoking is bad for health。
（动词-ing形式作主语）8.When we shall go back has not been decided yet。
（从句作主语，即主语从句)二，谓语:用来说明主语的动作或状态，表明主语是什么,做什么,或怎么样。
谓语由动词担当,可由各种时态的动词表示1.Great hopes make great men。
（动词）2.She looked after him two years ago.（动词词组）3.I shall answer your question after class.（助动词＋动词)4.She can speak English very well。
(情态动词＋动词)5.The dictionary is mine。
（连系动词＋表语)6.She looks happy。
（连系动词＋表语）三，宾语:表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者，由名词，代词，不定式，相当于名词的词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。
（一）单宾语1.Paper catches fire easily。
英语句子结构和成分分析
英语句子结构和成分分析英语句子结构和成分分析英语属于结构性语言。
英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序（句子结构）来组织。
特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当，特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。
因此，要学好英语，一定要掌握好词性、句子成分和句子结构等内容。
学好这些内容是学习好其他语法知识的基础。
考点1. 词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
口诀：n.为名，v.为动；adv.副adj.形；prep.借，pron.代；num.数a rt.冠，conj.连interj.感叹考点2. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
A. 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>B. 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词，“遛”)C. 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。
英语句子结构和成分分析提高版
英语句子结构和成分分析提高版一、知识导入在学习英语句子结构和成分分析之前，我们需要复习一下英语的基本句型。
1.英语句子的基本结构：主语+谓语+宾语例如：Mary sings a song.2.英语句子的基本成分：主语：句子中进行动作或者是被描述的人或物谓语：描述主语的动词或动词短语宾语：在句子中接在动词后面，说明动作的对象3.英语句子的基本陈述句结构：主语+谓语（动词）+宾语例如：He reads a book.二、知识详解1.主语主语是句子中进行动作或者是被描述的人或物。
主语通常由名词、代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、数字等构成。
例句：- Mary sings a song. （名词作主语）- She is a teacher. （代词作主语）- My house is big. （形容词性物主代词作主语）- This is my car. （名词性物主代词作主语）- Three apples are on the table. （数字作主语）2.谓语谓语是描述主语动作或状态的动词或动词短语。
例句：- Mary sings a song. （单个动词作谓语）- She is a teacher. （be动词作谓语）- He has been studying English. （动词短语作谓语）3.宾语宾语是在句子中接在动词后面，说明动作的对象。
例句：- Mary sings a song. （名词作宾语）- I like apples. （代词作宾语）- She gave me a book. （名词性物主代词作宾语）4.及物动词和不及物动词及物动词需要接一个宾语来表示动作的对象，而不及物动词不需要宾语。
例句：- He reads a book. （read是及物动词，book是宾语）- They sleep. （sleep是不及物动词，没有宾语）三、能力提升将以下句子进行结构和成分分析。
英语句子结构和成分分析
英语句子结构和成分分析英语句子成分和结构分析句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语主语和宾语一般是名词，谓语是动词。
拿到一个句子以后，首先找到里面的动词，即是谓语，谓语左右两边的名词分别是主语和宾语。
I saw a film yesterday. 主谓宾一．主语：一般是名词A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. I don’t know if it will grow.One of them is English. To win the game is difficult. 二. 谓语: 一般是动词I saw a girl. I love you. You should work hard. You had better take a bus. Heis a handsome boy. 三．宾语：一般是名词 I saw a cat in the tree. We think you are right. My father bought me a book. We call him TOM. We find the littlegirl in the hill. 四．定语：一般是形容词 That is a beautiful flower. This is my book. I have a lot of things to do. 五．状语：一般有介词to表示目的，in, on, under等表示方位 He is playing under the tree.（地点） Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dirty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因) He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地） If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）六.表语：系动词（be动词，感官动词和变化类动词turn，get, become）之后的都叫表语 These desks are yellow. We are happy now. It sounds good. It smells nice. Tom is a handsome boy 句子结构 (S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构 I swim. 主谓 They listened carefully．My homework has finished. 二．S十V十O主谓宾结构 I saw a film yesterday. 主谓宾 They found their home easily .They have takengood care of the children．三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词） He is old. 主系动表语 The story sounds interesting. 主系动词表语 The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher． The treesturn yellow in the autumn. 四．S十V十IO十DO 主谓加间接宾语加直接宾语结构He gave me a book. 主谓间宾直宾 He brought me a pen. He offered me his seat He got me a chair 五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构） They made the girl angry. 主谓宾宾补 angry是对the girl的补充说明 They found her happy that day．I saw him in. I heard the glass broken just now. 句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① Theteacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do tod ay's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二)选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B.like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语1.My brother hasn't done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 4.How many new w ords did you learnlast class? 5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9.You will find it useful after you leave school.10.They didn't know who \Christmas\really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. (五) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books.② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.句子成分练习题( 二 )指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分： 1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. Peo ple’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .7. There are many film that I’d like to see.8. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9. I have a lot of work to do . 10. We can send a car over to fetch you . 11. She had to work standing up . 12. Seeing this ,some comrades became veryworried .13. The bus arrived ten minutes late . 14. Some farmers saw something strange in thesky .15. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting . 16. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today . 17. It was in the library that I come today . 18. He l ikes drawing at times when he isn’t working . 19. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
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英语句子成分和结构分析句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语主语和宾语一般是名词，谓语是动词。
拿到一个句子以后，首先找到里面的动词，即是谓语，谓语左右两边的名词分别是主语和宾语。
I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾一．主语：一般是名词A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.I don’t know if it will grow.One of them is English.To win the game is difficult.二. 谓语:一般是动词I saw a girl. I love you. You should work hard. You had better take a bus. He is a handsome boy.That is a beautiful flower. This is my book.I have a lot of things to do.五．状语：一般有介词to表示目的，in, on, under 等表示方位He is playing under the tree.（地点）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dir ty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因)He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）六.表语：系动词（be动词，感官动词和变化类动词turn，get, become）之后的都叫表语These desks are yellow.We are happy now. It sounds good.It smells nice. Tom is a handsome boy句子结构(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构I swim.主谓They listened carefully．My homework has finished.二．S十V十O主谓宾结构I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children．三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）He is old.主系动表语The story sounds interesting.主系动词表语The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher．The trees turn yellow in the autumn.四．S十V十IO十DO主谓加间接宾语加直接宾语结构He gave me a book.主谓间宾直宾He brought me a pen. He offered me his seat He got me a chair五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构）They made the girl angry.主谓宾宾补angry是对the girl的补充说明They found her happy that day．I saw him in.I heard the glass broken just now.句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语1.My brother hasn't done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.4.How many new words did you learn last class?5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9.You will find it useful after you leave school.10.They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?句子成分练习题( 二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .7. There are many film that I’d like to see.8. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9. I have a lot of work to do .10.We can send a car over to fetch you .11.She had to work standing up .12.Seeing this ,some comrades became veryworried .13.The bus arrived ten minutes late .14.Some farmers saw something strange in thesky .15.We think it necessary that everyone shouldattend the meeting .16.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .17.It was in the library that I come today .18.He likes drawing at times when he isn’tworking .19.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock thedoor.。