2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义(含参考答案)

高考英语语法突破四大篇：专题4 数词框架结构图

基数词的构成及作用

1.常用基数词表

ⅠⅡⅢ

one eleven thirty

two twelve forty

three thirteen fifty

four fourteen sixty

five fifteen seventy

six sixteen eighty

seven seventeen ninety

eight eighteen hundred

nine nineteen thousand

ten twenty million/billi

on

2.基数词构成歌诀

1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。

20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。

要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。

注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：

six hundred people hundreds of people

(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these，those，them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加-s；dozens of中的of不可省。score 用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。

several dozen pencils dozens of students

three dozen of these eggs two dozen of them

two score of eggs scores of books

3.基数词的位置

常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。another two days all the ten books

one more apple two such pens

his last two days/his two last days

4.基数词的句法功能

(1)主语

Three will be enough.

(2)宾语

The city has a population of three million.

(3)表语

The population of this city is nearly two million.

(4)同位语

They two went to the cinema.

(5)定语

The river is about eight miles long.

序数词的构成及作用

1.常用序数词表

ⅠⅡⅢ

first eleventh thirtieth

second twelfth fortieth

third thirteenth fiftieth

fourth fourteenth sixtieth

fifth fifteenth seventieth

sixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandth

tenth twentieth millionth/billio

nth

注意：21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21st→twent y-first；22nd→twenty-second；33rd→thirty-third；100th→one hundredth 2.序数词的句法功能

(1)定语

the first day of the week

my first visit to Beijing

(2)表语

You are the first to leave.

(3)主语

The second was even worse.

(4)同位语

Tom，the first，is here.

(5)宾语

Do you prefer the first or the second?

注意：①序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。

This is the first one.

This is her second visit to Japan.

②序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a＋序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。

You’d better try a third time.

数词的应用

1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数

one third

two thirds/two-thirds

two-fifths of the students

thirty percent of the water

six point four

注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：

Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes.

2.倍数表达法

(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

The bag is twice as big as that one.

(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as many/much＋名词＋as＋B

I have twice as many books as he (does).

(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

This classroom is three times bigger than ours.

(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the size(width/length/height/depth等)＋of＋B

Your piece of bread is three times the size of mine.

注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“两倍”，用基数词＋times表示三或三倍以上。

3.日期的表达

(1)某年：in＋数字

in 2018

(2)某月：in＋月份

in May

(3)某年某月：in＋月＋年

in May 2018

(4)某年某月某日：on＋月＋日/on＋日＋月，＋年

on May 1(st)/1(st) May,2018

4.时刻的表达

twenty-one past/after eight或eight twenty-one

four to/of nine或eight fifty-six

half past eight或eight thirty

a quarter to/of ten或nine forty-five

5.年代的表达

the early 1920s/1920’s

the early twenties

the mid-eighties

6.其他特殊表达

(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔……”