独立主格结构练习 分词做状语
独立主格分词作状语合并的例句while
独立主格分词作状语合并的例句while摘要：I.独立主格分词作状语的概述- 独立主格分词作状语的定义- 独立主格分词作状语的语法功能II.独立主格分词作状语的例句- while 引导的独立主格分词作状语的例句- 其他引导词引导的独立主格分词作状语的例句III.独立主格分词作状语的合并方法- 合并的定义- 合并的方法及注意事项IV.独立主格分词作状语在实际应用中的优势与局限- 优势- 局限正文：独立主格分词作状语是英语中一种特殊的状语形式，它由一个分词结构（包括动词和其宾语）和一个主语构成，分词结构在句中扮演状语的角色，主语则独立存在。
这种结构在英语中有着广泛的应用，可以用来表示时间、原因、条件等多种关系。
在英语中，独立主格分词作状语可以通过不同的引导词来引导，如while、when、if 等。
其中，while 引导的独立主格分词作状语在英语中十分常见。
例如：While I was walking in the park, I met my friend.在这个例子中，while 引导的独立主格分词作状语“I was walking in the park”表示时间关系，即“我在公园散步的时候遇到了我的朋友”。
除了while 之外，还有其他引导词可以引导独立主格分词作状语，如：- When I entered the room, she was reading a book.- If he rains, we will stay at home.在实际应用中，独立主格分词作状语有着明显的优势。
首先，它可以使句子更加简洁，避免重复使用主语。
其次，它可以清晰地表达出句子中不同成分之间的关系，使句子更加连贯。
然而，独立主格分词作状语也存在一些局限。
首先，它要求分词结构和主语之间有明确的逻辑关系，否则可能会造成句子的混乱。
其次，由于分词结构在句中扮演状语的角色，因此它不能影响句子的时态和语态等语法特征。
总的来说，独立主格分词作状语是一种十分灵活和实用的英语表达方式。
分词作状语和独立主格结构
分词作状语和独立主格结构
例如：
1. Walking in the park, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery.（分词作时间状语）
（她走在公园里，欣赏着美丽的风景。
）
2. Being tired, he took a nap.（分词作原因状语）
（他因为累了，所以打了个盹。
）
3. Seeing the dog, the child ran away.（分词作伴随状语）
（看到那只狗，孩子吓得逃跑了。
）
独立主格结构是指句子中的名词短语（通常由名词和非谓语动词或形容词组成）在句子中作为独立的、不与主语或谓语动作有等级关系的成分存在。
例如：
1. The weather being fine, we decided to go hiking.（独立主格结构）
（天气好，我们决定去远足。
）
2. His homework finished, John went out to play.（独立主格结构）
（他的作业完成了，约翰出去玩了。
）
3. The sun having set, we lit a campfire.（独立主格结构）
（太阳已经落山，我们点燃了篝火。
分词做状语与独立主格结构详细例句
分词做状语与独立主格结构详细例句1时间状语Entering her room ,she found her computer stolenEntering her room ,she found her baby playing alone in the sitting roomSeeing from the top of the hill ,we can see the park clearlySeen from the space ,the Great wall is like a huge dragonSeen from the top of the hill ,the park is beautifulSeeing her mother ,the baby stopped cryingSeeing the cat ,the moust ran awaySeeing from the space, the earth looks greenReading the book ,he nodded from time to timeHearing his father’s voice ,the boy turned off the TV set at onceHearing their teache’s voice, the puiples stopped talking at onceHaving finished his homework, the boy went to bedHaving been shown Tianan’men Square ,the tourists were taken to visit the Palace MuseumHaving arrived at the farm ,the set to work immediatelyHaving watered the flowers ,he had a rest(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced workerWhen leaving the airport ,she waved to us again and againWhen walking on the street ,I met one of my old friendsWhen crossing the street ,be careful(After) Having dinner, I will go to see a film.On hearing the good news ,they all jumped with joy2 原因状语Being busy now ,I can’t go fishing with youBeing angry ,he broke the cup into piecesBeing poor ,he couldn’t afford to buy the carBeing a teacher ,she is very kind to her studentsBeing ill ,the boy didn’t go to school this morningBeing too fat, you should take regular exercise to lose weight.Being seriously ill ,the girl was taken to the hospital immediatelyBeing a League member, he is always helping othersNot knowing his address ,I can’t get touch with himTaken good care of ,the old man is living a happy lifeNot given a chance, he felt disappointed.Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!Not knowing what to do, he turned to me for helpEncouraged greatly ,they worked even harderBerried deep down in the earth ,the dead forests rotten away and became coalHaving lived in the city for many years ,he knows the city very wellHaving received his letter ,he decided to write backHaving Left the key at home, he could not enter his officeHaving been bitten by a snake ,she was frightened at itHaving been kept indoor for the whole morning , the children became impatient Having been criticized by the teacher ,the student gave up smokingHaving been told to stay in Beijing ,the young man decided not to go back his hometown Not having received a reply ,he decided to write a letter againCaught in a heavy rain ,he was all wet3伴随状语The old man often takes a walk ,followed by his dogThe dog often takes a walk ,following its ownerShe came in the room ,following her husbandShe came in the room ,followed bu her husbandThe boy went to school ,taking a busJack came here ,runningHe stood there ,leaning agains the wallHe stayed at home, cleaning and washingAll night long ,he lay awake ,thinking of the problemHe sat in the sofa ,read a newspaperHe stood there ,waching the children playing gamesThe six blind men stood there ,begging for meal4让步状语Being rich ,he plants lots of vegetables himselfLiving miles away ,he attended the courseTrained ten hours a day ,he will still be a foolDefeated .he is still a popular boxerWorking so hard ,he failed againConsidering for so long a time, he had no idea about itHaving been told many times ,he still repeated the same mistakeHaving been told many times,he still could’t understand itHaving failed many times ,he didn’t lose heartExplained many time ,he still couldn’t understandThough lacking money ,his parents managed to seng him to universityThough warned the danger ,he still went skating on the thin iceAlthough working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal withThough raining heavily, it cleared up very soon5结果状语Her husband died ,leaving her with two sonsHe died ,leaving nothing for his wifeHis father died ,leaving him lots of moneyThe snow lasted for a week ,resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole areaTt has rained for several day, causing the river to riseThe bus was held up by snowstorm thus causing the dalayHe was caught in the rain ,making him catch a coldThey all left ,leaving me alone thereEnglish is spoken by many people in the world ,making it the most popular language in the world6条件状语Heated , water can change into vaporHeating water ,we can change it into vaporWorking hard ,you will succeedAdding themall up ,we can fingd the answerGiven a few minutes ,I will finish itTurning right ,you will find the stationListening to English every day ,you will learn it well step by step(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.Using your head ,you will fingd a good way.Grown in the rich soil ,the plants can grow betterTaking the path ,you will come to a lake独立主格结构原因状语It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.The boy being late, his teacher was very angry.His mother being ill, he had to stay at home to look after herThe river having risen in the night ,crossing is impossibleThere being no bus, we had to walk home.spring coming, all the birds flew backThere being something more important to attend to, he had to cancel the appointment with me.时间状语The test finished, we began our holiday.The key having been lost ,she could not enter her roomThe meeting being over, all of us went home.Her work done, she sat down for a cup of teaThe question settled ,they went homeMy work having been finished ,I went homeAll the work finished, he sat down for a coffee.条件状语Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrowTime permitting ,we will visit the summer palace伴随状语The mother was cleaning the house ,her baby palying on the bed。
分词作状语(附练习)
分词作状语(附练习)中学英语教学资源网→教学文摘→分词作状语2011-11-21 →手机版分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下：一．确定分词形式分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。
同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。
如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。
例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.A. I saw the book I wanted on the shellB. The book I wanted was on the shellC. Seeing the book lying across the deskD. Lying on the desk分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I 只能与see保持一致。
如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。
所以选C2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.分析：“Seen from the hill”是过去分词作状语。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen.二．确立句子主语可能是谁确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。
反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。
例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warning were given to tourists分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。
分词和独立主格在句首作状语
分词及独立主格在句首作状语Dec 10, 2018分词在句首作状语，可用“从句还原法”，还原出状语从句。
如果还原出的从句是主动的，就选doing作状语; 如果还原出的从句是被动的，就选done 作状语。
注意：分词作状语的前提条件是，逗号前后的逻辑主语相同。
分词前常可保留的连词有when, while, once, if 等。
一．分词在句首作状语的结构：(Conj) Done / Doing…, sb…例如：1. Once formed, a bad habit is hard to kick.= Once it is formed, a bad habit is hard to kick.2. Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.= When he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.二．独立主格在句首作状语的结构：Sth done / doing…, sb…1.The meeting being over, we all went home.= After the meeting was over, we all went home.2.My homework done, I went out to play football.= After my homework was done, I went out to play football.说明：其实，这两种独立主格作状语，可以看作分词作状语的特例。
特点是，分词的前边，保留自己的逻辑主语。
也就是，逗号前后的逻辑主语不一致。
而一般情况下，分词作状语，不保留自己的逻辑主语。
也就是，逗号前后的逻辑主语一致。
独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别
独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别独立主格结构与过去分词作状语，虽然看似相似，但实际上有着明显的区别。
对于英语学习者来说，理解这两种结构的差异以及如何正确运用它们在写作中至关重要。
本文将以深度和广度的方式，全面探讨独立主格结构与过去分词作状语的区别，并帮助读者更好地理解这两种语法结构。
一、独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语中一个常见且独特的句法结构，由名词或代词形式的独立主格和相应的谓词构成。
通常，独立主格结构在句子中用来表示动作的同时发生的两个事件，或者表示主动和被动两个事件之间的关系。
这种结构的运用可以使句子更加简练、流畅，并且能够提供更多的信息。
以下是几个例子，展示了独立主格结构的使用方式：1. 他赢得了比赛，身体状态良好。
2. 雨停了，天气变得晴朗起来。
3. 我坐在桌子旁边，喝着咖啡。
从这些例子可以看出，独立主格结构的谓词部分常常是一个动词的过去分词形式。
这与过去分词作状语的形式有点类似，但它们之间有着不同的用法和含义。
二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语是一种常见的状语结构，用来修饰动作的方式、原因、时间或条件。
过去分词作状语通常位于句子开头或句子的中间，用来修饰整个句子或其中的某个成分。
它可以提供额外的信息，丰富句子的意义和表达。
以下是几个例子，展示了过去分词作状语的使用方式：1. 穿过森林，他找到了一家小屋。
2. 因为下雨了，他没有出去玩。
3. 在经历了一番波折之后，他最终成功了。
从这些例子可以看出，过去分词作状语的谓词部分也是一个动词的过去分词形式。
然而，过去分词作状语强调的是修饰整个句子或其中一个成分的状语关系，而不是像独立主格结构那样突出两个同时发生的事件或主动和被动事件之间的关系。
三、区别与用法尽管独立主格结构和过去分词作状语的形式相似，但它们之间存在着明显的区别。
了解这些区别可以帮助我们更加准确地运用这两种结构，并提高写作的表达能力。
独立主格结构强调的是两个同时发生的事件或主动和被动两个事件之间的关系。
高中英语 独立主格结构综合用法与练习
先复习：分词作状语的用法1. 分词作状语，其逻辑主语(就是指语义上的主语) 必须与整个句子的主语一致。
2. 一般地，若句子主语与分词之间存在主谓关系(主动语态)，用现在分词（包括一般式和完成式）；句子主语与分词之间存在动宾关系(被动语态)，则用过去分词或现在分词的被动式（包括一般式和完成式）。
如：主动：1）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。
2）Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 由于伤得严重，他只好被送往医院。
3）The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。
4）The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.那位女科学家走进实验室，后面跟着她的助手们。
5）Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难再找回。
6）He hurried home, looking behind from time to time. 他赶紧回家，不时地向后看。
7）Having heard this, the woman scientist expressed her satisfaction.听到这一点，那位女科学家表示满意。
被动：1）Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好。
2）Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎么能轻易放过？独立主格结构：若分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词前须加上自己的逻辑主语（名词或主格代词），这个结构叫分词的独立主格结构。
分词作状语和独立主格结构
分词作状语和独立主格结构现在分词作状语：- Walking home, he saw a dog on the street.（现在分词作时间状语）- With the problem solved, she could relax.（现在分词作原因状语）- Smiling happily, the child thanked her teacher.（现在分词作方式状语）过去分词作状语：- Exhausted from the long journey, they went straight to bed.（过去分词作原因状语）- Surprised by the news, she dropped her phone.（过去分词作结果状语）- Broken down, the car couldn't start.（过去分词作条件状语）- Pleased with the results, she celebrated with her friends.（过去分词作方式状语）独立主格结构是由名词或代词与分词构成的结构，说明一个动作或状态跟随、伴随另一个动作或状态发生。
独立主格结构可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式等。
- His breakfast finished, Jack left the house.（时间独立主格结构）- The rain stopped, the players continued the game.（条件独立主格结构）- The cake eaten, the children happily played in the garden.（原因独立主格结构）- The teacher angry, the students were silent.（方式独立主格结构）需要注意的是，独立主格结构通常放在句子的开头或结尾，用逗号与主句分隔开来。
分词作状语与独立主格结构(精华主讲)
Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
小练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空
5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非 暴力抵抗的原则。 Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.
注意：现在分词和过去分词的特别之处
6.独立成份（插入语） Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening.
假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。 I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance.
5.让步状语：如：
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我们 赔偿损失。
6.独立成份（插入语）
Generally speaking, people all believe what he has said. 一般说来，人们都相信他所说的。
He said that the leaves of his flowers had turned yellow. He thought that it was due to a water shortage so he applied more water, only making things worse. 他说他的花的叶子变黄了.他想是缺水所致,于是多浇了水,结 果反而更遭。
独立主格分词作状语合并的例句while
独立主格分词作状语合并的例句while（实用版）目录1.独立主格结构的概念和特点2.独立主格分词作状语的用法3.独立主格分词作状语的例句分析4.独立主格分词作状语的注意事项正文一、独立主格结构的概念和特点独立主格结构是一种在句子中起状语作用的语法结构，它由一个分词和一个逻辑主语构成，这个逻辑主语与句子的主语不同。
独立主格结构在句子中的作用相当于一个状语从句，可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、结果等关系。
二、独立主格分词作状语的用法独立主格分词作状语是指在独立主格结构中，分词作为状语修饰句子的动词、形容词或者整个句子。
这种用法在英语中十分常见，可以使句子更加简洁明了，同时也能够体现句子的逻辑关系。
三、独立主格分词作状语的例句分析以下是一些独立主格分词作状语的例句：1.While waiting for the bus, I met an old friend.（在我等公交车的时候，我遇到了一个老朋友。
）2.The girl, who is crying, lost her phone.（那个正在哭的女孩丢了她的手机。
）3.He came back while I was cooking dinner.（在我做晚饭的时候，他回来了。
）在这些例句中，分词作为状语，分别表示时间、原因和伴随状况，使句子更加简洁明了。
四、独立主格分词作状语的注意事项在使用独立主格分词作状语时，需要注意以下几点：1.独立主格结构中的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语不同，否则就不是独立主格结构。
2.分词作为状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则会造成歧义。
3.在一些情况下，独立主格结构可以转化为定语从句，但有时独立主格结构更加简洁明了。
unit 6分词作状语_独立主格key
Unit 6 Participle Used as Adverb and Absolute Construction分词做状语和独立主格Language Notes判断: After opening the book, the pages had been torn away. 错Hearing the bad news, his eyes were filled with tear. 错Exercise 1将下列句子在不改变原意的前提下,做适当的省略.1.While studying at college, Miss Leacock had her first novel published.2.The old lady carrying a basketful of eggs was run down by a taxi when crossing the street.3.I am sure Mr. Witie’s latest play, once staged, will proved to be a great success.4.After shoplifting for many years, Jennifer was found out.5.Since being promoted, I’ve had no time to go out.6.If being accepted for the job, I’ll have to start at the beginning of next month.7.Unless being destroyed, this material may have damaging consequences.Exercise 2用现在分词或过去分词(或Not+现在/过去分词)从句开头改写下面的句子.1.Marie left work early, not feeling too well.2.Impressed by Jo’s work, he extended her contract for a year.3.Having acquired the money through hard work, he was reluctant to give it away.4.Having started the course, Alan decided to complete it.5.Not wanting to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.Exercise 3用所给动词的“Having+过去分词”形式填空.Arrive climb spend take work1.Having taken2.Having spent3.Having worked4.Having spent5.Having workedThe headmaster came into the room, followed by the teacher.伴随Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again.原因United, we stand; divided, we fall. 原因Knowing all this, they still insisted on my paying for the damage.让步It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area.结果Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.原因He ran up to her, breathing heavily.结果Exercise 4用现在分词, having+过去分词或过去分词从句,或(not+-ing等)开头,分别把下面的句子先配对,再写成一句话.DCFEBBeing a doctor, she knew what side-effects the medicine could have.Not expecting anyone to be in the house, I walked straight in.Having been painted in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.Unemployed, He had time to consider what job he really wanted.Not speaking Italian, I found life in Sicily difficult.Having been a teacher for 14 years, she knew how to keep children interested.Exercise 5用分词作状语改写下列句子1.Overlooking the sea, the bedrooms are the best ones in the hotel.2.Read by people all over the world, her books are still immensely popular.3.Always dominated by the same people, the committee meetings were slow-moving andineffectual.指出下述独立主格各起什么作用?His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture. 原因He went off, knife in hand.伴随His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.原因The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.原因Weather permitting, the basketball game will be held on Wednesday.条件Exercise 5 完成下列句子The car turning across the corner(汽车转过拐角), we caught the sight of the spires of the church. The river water being polluted(河水被污染了), the farmers could only drink well water.Time permitted(时间允许的话), I will reply to you in a week.He left his home town, his heart left there (心却留在了这里)That boss looked in my direction, his assistant whispering to him(他的助手对他耳语着什么.)Homework:选择:BDACC DCBCD翻译:1.Hearing the kid crying in the garden, mother walked out of the room immediately.2.Thinking of the possibility to be late, I decided to take taxi.3.They are a party, singing and dancing.4.All the money having been used up, we began to look for a job.5.Seeing him walking to me, I hurried to hide behind the door.6.He stood up suddenly, holding the gun in hand.7.The monitor being ill, we have to delay the meeting.8.His arms folded across the chest, he stood there.9.The summer vacation ending, the city street become even busier.10.We walking into the forest, his father acted as our guide.填空：Being absent leaving rolling riding/shooting wearing lying working running本单元主要内容掌握程度自评：内容掌握良好掌握一般我的疑问分词作状语和独立主格●Vincent Van Gogh●分词作时间状语●分词作原因状语●分词作让步状语●分词作伴随状况●分词作条件状语●分词的否定形式●分词状语的时态●现在分词的独立主格●过去分词的独立主格●Homework。
分词做状语和独立主格结构
独立主格结构的应用
描述伴随情况
独立主格结构可以用来描述伴随情况，使句子更加生动，如 “The sun shining, we decided to have a picnic.”（阳光明
媚，我们决定去野餐。）
表达条件关系
独立主格结构可以用来表达条件关系，如“If time permits, we will go for a walk.”（如果时间允许，我们会去散步。）
“He left, followed by his dog”（伴随状语从句）
02
独立主格结构
独立主格结构的定义
独立主格结构是一种语法结构，其中主语和谓语之间没有连接词，而是通过非谓语动词（如分词、不 定式等）来表达。
独立主格结构通常用于描述一个独立的事件或状态，与主句之间存在逻辑上的联系。
独立主格结构的分类
表达时间关系
分词做状语可以用来表达时间关系，如“Having finished his homework, he went to bed.”（完成作业后，他上床睡 觉了。）
描述结果
分词做状语可以用来描述结果，如“She was so angry that she left without saying goodbye.”（她 非常生气，以至于没有告别就离开了。）
主动语态分词做状语
分词在句子中做状语，表示时间、原因 、条件等，与主句之间存在逻辑上的联 系。
VS
被动语态分词做状语
分词在句子中做状语，表示时间、原因、 条件等，与主句之间存在逻辑上的联系。
独立主格结构的例子
主动语态分词做状语
Walking in the park, he saw a beautiful flower. (在公园里散步时，他看到了一朵美 丽的花。)
分词做状语和独立主格结构
分词做状语和独立主格结构分词做状语：分词可以作为状语来修饰动词、形容词、副词等，来表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步等等。
1.时间：- Having finished his homework, he went to bed.- After eating dinner, they went for a walk.- While studying for the exam, she listened to music.2.原因：- Being tired, she decided to take a break.- Seeing the dark clouds, we decided to stay indoors.- Not knowing the answer, he asked for help.3.方式：- The teacher explained the concept clearly, making it easy for everyone to understand.- He won the race by running faster than the others.4.条件：- If invited, I will attend the party.- Unless you apologize, I won't forgive you.5.让步：- Despite being tired, he continued working.- Although feeling sick, she still came to the meeting.- In spite of the rain, they went hiking.分词做独立主格结构:在句子中，独立主格结构是由名词、代词或分词构成的结构，它通常用逗号与主句分开。
独立主格结构对主句作补充说明和解释。
1.用名词构成的独立主格结构：- The sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic.- The concert being cancelled, we had to make alternative plans.- Her parents out of town, she had to take care of her younger siblings.2.用代词构成的独立主格结构：- He leading the team, they were sure to win the game.- You working hard, success is within reach.- She being the oldest, she was always responsible for her younger siblings.3.用分词构成的独立主格结构：- Seeing the opportunity, she decided to seize it.- Knowing the answer, he confidently raised his hand.。
分词作状语与独立主格结构
分词作状语与独立主格结构一、分词作状语1.动名词作状语动名词作状语常用于表示动作的方式、原因、结果等。
- 动作原因：He was late for work because of oversleeping.（他睡过头了，所以上班迟到了。
）- 动作结果：The car stopped running, causing a traffic jam.（汽车停了下来，导致了交通堵塞。
）2.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语常用于表示动作的时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
- 动作时间：Walking in the park, he met his old friend.（他在公园散步时遇到了他的老朋友。
）- 动作条件：Unless given permission, you cannot enter the building.（除非得到许可，否则你不能进入建筑物。
）- 动作原因：His face turned pale, feeling sick.（他感觉不适，脸色变得苍白。
）- 动作伴随：She burst into tears, seeing the sad news.（她看到这个悲伤的消息时，忍不住哭了起来。
）二、独立主格结构独立主格结构是指句子中的现在分词或过去分词作为非限制性状语，与主语关系疏远，独立于主句的结构。
独立主格结构一般用于表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等含义。
1.现在分词作独立主格结构现在分词作独立主格结构时，其逻辑主语通常与主句的主语不同，表示主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因、伴随等。
- 动作时间：The sun having set, we decided to go home.（太阳已经下山，我们决定回家。
）- 动作条件：The weather being fine, we went for a walk.（天气好的时候，我们去散步了。
）- 动作原因：Her husband having lost his job, she had to support the family.（她丈夫失业了，她不得不养家糊口。
独立主格结构及精选习题
独立主格结构（一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
（二）构成：1.名词（代词） + 不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weather permitting, we'll go s ightseeing.= If w eather permits, ... 作条件状语天气允许的话，我们要去观光。
Homework finished, the boy went out to play football.=When homework was finished,... 作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。
2.名词（代词） +（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语）It (being) Sunday, we went climbing.= As it was Sunday, ... 作原因状语由于是星期天，我们去爬山。
Tod l ooked a t the million-pound n o te,his eyes (being) wide o pen.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。
S u m m e r vacations (being) over, students returned to s chool.暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。
3.with+ 名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。
此句型又称with 复合结构。
a.They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning .他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。
独立主格结构解析与练习
英语：独立主格结构解析与练习一、概念：“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、功能：虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中通常起状语作用，如原因状语、条件状语、时间状语等。
三、形式：名词/代词+分词/动词不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away（代词＋－ing; 表原因）2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.（名词＋介词短语；表伴随）3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.（名词＋－ed; 表状态）4、Class over, we began to play basketball.（名词＋副词；表时间）5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.（介词结构；表伴随）6、Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。
（名词＋不定式；表时间）五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同：1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句。
但独立主格结构转换成状语从句后，有自己的主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转化为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语相同。
例：⑴If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend. －→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this weekend.⑵When we see from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. －→Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. 从顶楼上看，花园更漂亮。
分词作状语--独立主格
分词作状语分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。
在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。
例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。
Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时，它就会变成水。
(条件、时间)Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。
(原因)I stood there,listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。
(伴随)The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。
(行为方式)Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this...)他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。
(3)分词作状语与主语的关系。
A. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
例如：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
独立主格结构
4．现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：Being a League member,he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：(If) Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
独立主格结构独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
独立主格结构练习,分词做状语
独立主格
Mouth
opened, he went away. Mouth opening, he went away. Mouth open, he went away.
独立主格结构
类型 The question being settled, we went home. The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
1. You can’t be too careful when driving. 2. Having finished the assignments, they went to play outdoors. 3. hurt in the accident, he was sent to hospital 4. Giving some water, the plants will blossom. 5. Having been told many times, he still repeats the same mistake. 6. The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
用法
1) 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 2） 表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. All the work done, The boss went home. 3） 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. One leg hurt, he was carried to the hospital. 4） 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. Head held high, he went away. The car dashed away, its lights on, its horns blaring. 5） 表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. Life is no worry, bread, meat, vegetables enough.
分词做状语和独立主格结构
being（或having been） 不能省略的情形 (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。 It being Sunday, we went to church. (2)在There being＋名词/代词的结构中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.
2. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat. A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 3. The girl in the snapshot（快照） was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________. A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze
1.v-ing形式作状语时，若它所表示的动作发 生在主句谓语动作之前，需用having done, 被动形式 having been done 2. v-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主 句主语保持一致；3. 否定式直接在分词前加 not
Not knowing her address, we had to get in touch with her. __________(finish) the class, she went home. ___________(catch) on the spot, the thief had to admit his crime.
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❖ 类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词 ❖ He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. ❖ She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position,
ready to begin the long letter. ❖ 类型6：There being +名词（代词） ❖ There being nothing else to do, we went home. ❖ There being no further business, I sed. ❖ 类型7：It being +名词（代词） ❖ It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. ❖ It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. ❖ 类型8：名词/代词+名词 ❖ he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon.
分词作状语
❖ 1. 开车时再小心也不为过。 ❖ 2. 完成任务后，他们才出去玩。 ❖ 3. 在事故中受伤了，他被送进了医院。 ❖ 4. 给些水，这些植物就会鲜花盛开。 ❖ 5. 尽管被告知多次，他仍然重复相同的错误。 ❖ 6. 学生们说着笑着走出了教室。 ❖ 7. 他辞职了，给公司留下一团糟。
❖ 1. You can’t be too careful when driving. ❖ 2. Having finished the assignments, they went to play outdoors. ❖ 3. hurt in the accident, he was sent to hospital ❖ 4. Giving some water, the plants will blossom. ❖ 5. Having been told many times, he still repeats the same mistake. ❖ 6. The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词
❖ The job finished, we went home. ❖ The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 类型3：名词（代词）+不定式 Nobody to come tomorrow, the meeting will be held next week. So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语 ❖ A girl came in, book in hand. ❖ He was waiting, his eyes on her back.
作文
❖ An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident
❖ 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此 写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 1．车祸发生的时间及地点； 2．你所见到的车祸情况； 3．你对车祸原因的分析。
独立主格
❖ Mouth opened, he went away. ❖ Mouth opening, he went away. ❖ Mouth open, he went away.
独立主格结构
❖ 类型
类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词
❖ The question being settled, we went home. ❖ The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
用法
❖ 1) 表示时间 ❖ The meeting being over, all of us went home. ❖ Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. ❖ 2） 表示条件 ❖ The condition being favorable, he may succeed. ❖ All the work done, The boss went home. ❖ 3） 表示原因 ❖ There being no taxis, we had to walk. ❖ One leg hurt, he was carried to the hospital. ❖ 4） 表示伴随情况 ❖ Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. ❖ Head held high, he went away. ❖ The car dashed away, its lights on, its horns blaring. ❖ 5） 表示补充说明 ❖ We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. ❖ Life is no worry, bread, meat, vegetables enough.