environment
environment造句
environment造句1、Method of eliminating for planar draft based on environment of AutoCAD基于AutoCAD环境下的一种二维平面图消隐方法2、Our following generation will be victimized by the environment pollution we made today.我们的子孙后代将成为我们今天环境污染的受害者。
3、LARGE AREA VEGETARIEREN OF BUILDING ENVIRONMENT IN GERMAN CITIES德国城市建筑环境大面积植被化4、Put it in a warm environment and it will become a lovely eaglet after a due period.把它放在一个暖和的环境里,经过适当的时间,它就会变成一只可爱的雏鹰。
5、V. Protection of the Ecological Environment and Biodiversity五、生态环境与生物多样性的保护6、STUDY ON THE RESISTANCE TO HIGH DDVP ENVIRONMENT OF THE ORIENTAL HOUSEFLY家蝇在* 高负荷环境中的抗性研究7、SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF THE COASTAL LAGOONS ALONG SHANDONG PENINSULA山东半岛海岸泻湖的沉积环境8、INVESTIGATION ON POLLUTION SOURCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN SHANGHAI上海市农业环境污染源调查9、It is certain that environment influence learning efficiency.可以肯定的是,环境影响学习效率。
英语作文environment
英语作文environmentThe Environment。
The environment is the natural world that surrounds us. It is important to protect and preserve it for future generations. The environment provides us with the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. It also provides us with resources such as wood, oil, and minerals that we use to make products and build infrastructure. However, the environment is under threat from human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change.Deforestation is the clearing of trees from forests to make way for agriculture, urban development, and industrial activities. This has a negative impact on the environment as it reduces the number of trees that can absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases and global warming. Deforestation also destroys the habitats of many plant and animal species,leading to a loss of biodiversity.Pollution is the release of harmful substances into the environment. This can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, agriculture, and transportation. Pollution can have a range of negative effects on the environment, including air and water pollution, soil degradation, and the destruction of habitats. It can also have a negative impact on human health, leading to respiratory problems, cancer, and other illnesses.Climate change is a long-term change in the Earth's climate, often caused by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. This can lead to a range of negative effects on the environment, including rising sea levels, more frequent and severe weather events, and changes in the distribution of plant and animal species. Climate change can also have a negative impact on human health, leading to an increase in heat-related illnessesand the spread of infectious diseases.In order to protect the environment, it is important to take action to reduce deforestation, pollution, and climate change. This can be done through a range of measures, including the conservation of forests, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the promotion of renewable energy sources. It is also important to raise awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and to encourage individuals and businesses to take action to reduce their environmental impact.In conclusion, the environment is a vital part of our world that provides us with the resources we need to live. However, it is under threat from human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. It is important to take action to protect and preserve the environment for future generations. By working together, we can make a difference and ensure that the environment remains healthy and sustainable for years to come.。
surroundings,condition,environment近义词辨析
Surroundings_condition_environment近义词辨析Many people think it is the most beautiful city in Canada, as it is surrounded by mountains on the north and east and the Pacific. 许多人都认为温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市,因为它的北面和东面都被大山包围。
surround vt. 包围,环绕,围绕surround sb/sth with sb/sthsth/sb be sourrounded by/with sth surround ...with ... 使……包围be surrounded by/with 被……包围The fence surrounds the school篱笆环绕着学校。
Trees surround our house.我们房子的四周都是树。
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。
The firemen surrounded the burning building.消防队员包围了熊熊燃烧的建筑物。
Complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝对机密的环境中进行。
They surrounded the building with police.他们派警察包围了那栋楼。
房子的四周有高墙。
The house is surrounded by high walls.They have surrounded the town with troops. 他们出动了军队包围了该城。
The lake is surrounded with/by trees. 湖边树木环绕。
The city is surrounded on all sides by hills.这个城市被群山环绕。
环境专业-英语名词解释
①Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us;环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地。
②System, a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unitor organic whole. 系统”一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物。
③VSS can be an indicator of the organic content of raw wastes and can alsoprovide a measure of the active microbial population in biological processes.挥发性悬浮固体可作为原废物的有机,并为在生物过程活微生物数量提供一个测量方法④TOC : The total amount of carbon in dissolved and suspended organic matter in water.总有机碳:水体中溶解性和悬浮性有机物含碳的总量。
⑤Coagulation / flocculation : the process of adding soluble salts to the water to make thecolloids and small particles in the water become large particles and settle down.混凝/絮凝法:向水中加入溶解性盐类,使水中的胶体和小颗粒,变成大颗粒沉淀下来的过程。
⑥Pollution: Natural or man-made actions that add a substance to the environment andexceed the environmental self-purification ability to cause harm. “污染”,指自然的或人为的向环境中添加某种物质而超过环境的自净能力而产生危害的行为。
环境(environment)
环境中影响健康的常见因素
大气 吸烟 水 温度 土壤 辐射 噪声 废料 室内空气
物理因素
社会经济 社会阶层 生活方式 社会关系 卫生服务
社会因素
环境与护理的关系
护理的基本任务: 减轻痛苦、预防疾病、恢复健康、促进健康
南丁格尔曾说过:“症 状和痛苦一般认为是 不可避免的,并且发 生疾病常常不是疾病 本身的症状而是其它 的症状 全部或部分需 要空气、光线、温暖、 安静、清洁、合适的 饮食等”。
evenly balanced.
USE YOUR LEG MUSCLES
Your back is easily injured. Whether,lifting, pulling, or pushing, bend your knees -not your back. This will put pressure on the powerful leg muscles which can better absorb it.
医疗环境
一、医院的物理环境 安全性、舒适性、整洁性、安静性
1.空间(space) 病床间距不少于1米。
2.温度(Temperature) 病室:18-22℃。 新生儿室等:22-24℃。 3. 湿度(Humidity) 50%-60% 4.通风(ventilation)
5.噪声(Sound) 35-45dB (白天) “四轻”:说话轻、走路 轻
Always keep your back straight.
HOLD OBJECTS CLOSE TO YOUR BODY
The closer the object’s weight is to your own center of gravity (between your hips when you are standing up straight)the easier it will be to maintain balance and transfer pressure to leg muscles. Leaning倾斜 or reaching 拉伸 will strain扭伤 back and other muscles.
environment用法及固定搭配
【环境用法及固定搭配】一、环境的基本释义环境一词来源于汉语,“环”指四周,围绕;“境”指处境、情形。
从字面上理解,环境即所处的周围情况和处境。
在生活和工作中,环境通常指的是周围的自然条件、社会条件、生活条件等因素组成的整体状况。
在英语中,environment一词既可表示自然环境,也可表示社会环境。
二、environment的用法1. environment作为普通名词,表示“环境、周围条件”等概念。
例如:- The new factory will have a negative impact on the environment.(这座新工厂会对环境产生负面影响。
)- Children should be brought up in a healthy environment.(孩子们应该在良好的环境中成长。
)2. environment作为学术术语,在生态学、环境科学等领域中经常被使用。
例如:- The destruction of the r本人nforest has led to serious imbalances in the global environment.(热带雨林的破坏导致了全球环境的严重失衡。
)- Many scientists are concerned about the impact of climatechange on the marine environment.(许多科学家对气候变化对海洋环境的影响表示担忧。
)3. environment还可以表示“周围的气氛或情况”,常用于商务、教育、工作等场景中。
例如:- Ourpany provides a friendly and supportive work environment for all employees.(我们公司为所有员工提供了友好和支持的工作环境。
)- It's important to create a positive learning environment for students.(为学生营造积极的学习环境是很重要的。
雅思口语常考的part3话题:environment
雅思口语常考的part3话题:environment 今天三立在线教育雅思网为大家带来的是雅思口语常考的part3话题:environment 的相关资讯,备考的烤鸭们,赶紧来看看吧!1.Tell me about some of the environmental problems that are affecting countries these days?2.Do you think that governments around the world are doing enough to tackle the problems?3.Why do some people not consider environmental problems to be serious?4. Do you think there will be more environmental disasters caused by humans in the future?1. Tell me about some of the environmental problems that are affecting countries these days?这个题目看起来应该是非常好说的,环境问题,大家应该多少都是知道一些的。
题目要求说some,我们大概说两个就差不多了。
每个环境问题,我们可以把它的起因,现状和影响都陈述一下,回答的内容一定会是很充分的。
下面列举一些常见的问题和对应的思路表达。
全球变暖:global warming/ temperature rise/ carbon emission/ ice glaciers and caps melt/ sea level rise/ fishing industry/ residents living in coastal areas 空气污染:air pollution/ exhaust from cars and factories/ burning of fossil fuels 水污染:water/ ocean pollution/ chemical runoff/ untreated sewage白色污染:white pollution/ plastic bags/ non-biodegradable materials水土流失:soil erosion/ soil fertility decrease乱砍乱伐:deforestation/ unbalance ecosystem/下面也给大家一个范例回答:The most serious pollution that is widely discussed these days is global warming. With the increasing carbon emission and the loss of ozone layer, the global temperature is on the rise, which makes the ice glaciers and caps melt and the sea level increase. Therefore, many coastal areas have been flooded and people living there become displaced.2. Do you think that governments around the world are doing enough to tackle the problems?我个人觉得,比较真实的回答应该是没有的。
environment 词根
一、环境词根的起源环境一词源自法语“environnement”,最早出现在19世纪,最初用于描述动植物生长的周围条件。
随着人类对自然环境的关注不断增加,环境一词逐渐演变成了一个广义的概念,涵盖了自然环境、社会环境、文化环境等多个方面。
环境词根则是指构成“环境”一词的词根,它们是构成环境相关词汇的基本元素,对于理解和解释环境问题具有重要意义。
二、环境词根的意义环境词根主要包括:“环”、“境”和“周”。
这些词根都具有描述周围、周边、周围环境的含义,体现了环境概念的本质特点。
在这些词根的基础上,衍生出了大量与环境相关的词汇,如环保、环境污染、生态环境等,它们都是以环境词根为基础构成的。
三、环境词根的运用1.环:“环”一词表明了一种包围的状态,它常用于构成与环境相关的名词和形容词,如“环境”、“环保”、“环绕”等。
在这些词中,“环”词根体现了环境是一个动态的、包罗万象的概念,它包括了自然环境、社会环境、文化环境等多个方面。
2.境:“境”一词则强调了一种界限、范围的含义,它常用于构成与环境相关的名词和形容词,如“环境”、“环境污染”、“生态环境”等。
在这些词中,“境”词根体现了环境是一个具有内部联系和区别的系统,它包括了不同的环境要素和相互作用。
3.周:“周”一词表示了周围、周边的意义,它常用于构成与环境相关的名词和形容词,如“周期”、“周围”、“周密”等。
在这些词中,“周”词根体现了环境是一个具有时间、空间维度的复杂系统,它包括了不同时间和空间尺度上的环境变化和演变。
四、环境词根的启示环境词根的意义和运用告诉我们,环境是一个动态的、包罗万象的系统,它包括了不同的要素和相互作用,具有内部联系和区别,具有时间、空间维度的复杂性。
认识和理解环境词根,有助于我们更好地认识和理解环境问题,引导我们更好地处理和解决环境挑战,促进人与自然的和谐发展。
五、环境词根的现实意义环境问题是人类社会面临的重大挑战之一。
通过对环境词根的认识和理解,可以帮助我们更好地认识和理解环境问题,推动环境保护和治理工作。
environment 介词用
环境介词用一、环境介词的定义环境介词是一种表示地点或方向的介词,用来指示某个动作或状态发生的地点或方向。
通常用于句子中的动词和名词的前面,以确定它们的位置或方向。
二、环境介词的分类1. 表示地点的环境介词表示地点的环境介词包括:in, on, at, by, near, next to等。
它们用来说明某个人或物体所处的具体位置。
2. 表示方向的环境介词表示方向的环境介词包括:to, from, into, out of, towards等。
它们用来说明某个动作的方向或目的地。
三、环境介词的用法1. 表示地点的环境介词的用法(1)in的用法:表示在某个封闭的空间内,常用于表示城市、国家、月份、季节等。
例如:I live in China.(我住在我国。
)(2)on的用法:表示在某个平面或表面上,常用于表示日期、星期几、卡片、地图等。
例如:The book is on the table.(书在桌子上。
)(3)at的用法:表示在某个具体的地方,常用于表示位置区域、时间等。
例如:I'll meet you at the airport.(我会在机场见你。
)(4)by的用法:表示在某个物体或工具旁边,常用于表示交通工具、手表等。
例如:Let's go by car.(我们坐车去。
)(5)near的用法:表示在某个地方附近。
例如:There is a park near my house.(我家附近有一个公园。
)(6)next to的用法:表示在某个物体旁边。
例如:She is sitting next to me.(她坐在我旁边。
)2. 表示方向的环境介词的用法(1)to的用法:表示朝着某个地点或目的地。
例如:I'm going to the supermarket.(我去超市。
)(2)from的用法:表示从某个地点出发。
例如:Hees from Japan.(他来自日本。
)(3)into的用法:表示进入某个物体或地点。
environment名词
environment名词【释义】environmentn.自然环境,生态环境;周围状况,条件;工作平台,软件包复数environments【短语】1environment variable环境变量;情况变量2Natural Environment自然环境;天然环境;自然生态环境;自然生态3Environment Bureau环境局4Environment California环境·加利福尼亚;加州环境5ecological environment生态环境;环境变迁6Environment Minister环境部长;环保官员;环境事务大臣7control environment控制环境;内控环境;环境控制8Marketing Environment营销环境;市场营销环境;行销环境;市场环境9marine environment海洋环境【例句】1Children need a caring environment.儿童需要一个充满关怀的环境。
2He has always been pro the environment.他一向支持环境保护。
3The environment has become a very hot issue.环境已成为很热门的话题。
4She works in a predominantly male environment.她在一个男性居多的环境里工作。
5These gases cause untold damage to the environment.这些气体对环境造成难以估计的破坏。
6The care of the environment is of prime importance.保护环境是最重要的。
7Quite rightly,the environment is of great concern.当然,环境问题人们极为关注。
8It was interesting to be in a different environment.换一换环境很有趣。
environment作文
environment作文Environment is a topic that has been gaining increasing attention in recent years. With the rapid development of industry and technology, the environment has been severely affected. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of protecting the environment and suggest some ways in which we can do so.Firstly, it is important to understand the significance of protecting the environment. The environment is the source of all life on Earth. It provides us with clean air, fresh water, and fertile soil, which are essential for our survival. However, due to human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and over-exploitation of natural resources, the environment is being degraded at an alarming rate. If we continue to neglect the environment, we will face serious consequences such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and natural disasters.Therefore, it is crucial that we take action to protect the environment. There are several ways in which we can do this. Firstly, we can reduce our carbon footprint by using energy more efficiently and switching to renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind power. This will help to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that are released into the atmosphere, which is a major cause of climate change. Secondly, we can reduce our consumption of natural resources by recycling and reusing materials, and by choosing products that are made from sustainable sources. This will help to conserve the Earth's resources and reduce the amount of waste that is sent to landfill. Finally, we can protect natural habitats and wildlife by preserving forests, wetlands, and other ecosystems, and by supporting conservation efforts.In conclusion, protecting the environment is essential for our survival and the well-being of future generations. We must take action to reduce our impact on the environment and to preserve the Earth's resources for the future. By making small changes to our daily lives, such as using energy more efficiently and reducing our consumption of natural resources, we can all make a positive difference. It is up to eachand every one of us to take responsibility for the environment and to ensure that we leave a sustainable planet for future generations.。
Environment 类
Environment是一个提供访问环境变量的类。
Environment 包含常量:∙MEDIA_BAD_REMOV AL解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,表明SDCard 被卸载前己被移除∙MEDIA_CHECKING解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,表明对象正在磁盘检查。
∙MEDIA_MOUNTED解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,表明对象是否存在并具有读/写权限∙MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,表明对象权限为只读∙MEDIA_NOFS解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,表明对象为空白或正在使用不受支持的文件系统。
∙MEDIA_REMOVED解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,如果不存在SDCard 返回∙MEDIA_SHARED解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,如果SDCard 未安装,并通过USB 大容量存储共享返回∙MEDIA_UNMOUNT ABLE解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,返回 SDCard 不可被安装如果SDCard 是存在但不可以被安装∙MEDIA_UNMOUNTED解释:返回getExternalStorageState() ,返回SDCard 已卸掉如果SDCard 是存在但是没有被安装Environment 常用方法:∙方法:getDataDirectory()解释:返回File ,获取Android 数据目录。
∙方法:getDownloadCacheDirectory()解释:返回File ,获取Android 下载/缓存内容目录。
∙方法:getExternalStorageDirectory()解释:返回File ,获取外部存储目录即SDCard∙方法:getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String type)解释:返回File ,取一个高端的公用的外部存储器目录来摆放某些类型的文件∙方法:getExternalStorageState()解释:返回File ,获取外部存储设备的当前状态∙方法:getRootDirectory()解释:返回File ,获取Android 的根目录。
修改名词: environment
修改名词: environment
介绍
本文将讨论关于「environment」这一名词的修改建议。
环境问题已经成为全球关注的焦点,因此我们需要确保我们在描述环境时使用正确的术语。
原词分析
「environment」一词通常用来指代周围的自然环境、生态系统以及与之相互作用的因素。
然而,在不同的语境中,该词的含义可能会有所不同。
修改建议
为了更加准确地描述环境,我们可以考虑使用以下替代词语:
1. Ecosystem(生态系统):用于描述特定区域内各个生物体和非生物体相互作用的系统。
2. Natural surroundings(自然环境):指代自然界的各种要素和现象。
3. Habitat(栖息地):用于描述特定生物种类生活和繁衍的地方。
4. Biosphere(生物圈):指代地球上的所有生命体及其所存在的环境。
5. Surrounding environment(周围环境):用于指代一个特定地点或区域的周围环境。
请根据具体的语境及描述情况选择合适的替代词语。
总结
通过选择更准确和具体的词语来描述环境,我们可以避免歧义并确保我们传达的意思清晰明了。
根据语境和描述需求,选择合适的名词可以让我们的文本更加专业和有说服力。
environmentPPT教学课件
6
persistent organic pollutants
医药废物
pharmaceutical wastes 放射性物质
radioactive substances 热污染
thermal pollution 生物武器
biological weapons 海洋倾倒
ocean dumping 石油泄漏
pr2o0b20l/e12m/1s0
1
增强公众关于……的意识
raise(or elevate)the public awareness of sth. 短缺
shortage(n.)/ scarcity(n.)/ dearth(n.)/ lack(n.) 让资源承受很大压力
put a strain on the resources / stretch resources to the limit(固定短语) 破坏自然资源
污水
se2w02a0g/1e2/(1n0 .)
3
排放
discharge(n.) 温室效应
greenhouse effect/ global warming 严重的
severe(adj.) / grave(adj.)/ grievous(adj.) 白色污染产生的垃圾
non一biodegradable garbage /wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容
conserve(v.) 保护
preserve(v.) 再利用
reuse(v.) / recycle(v.) 各国必须携手解决环境问题
countries on this planet must join forces/ make a concerted (united)
environment作文英语
environment作文英语
英文回答:
I believe that the environment is extremely important for our well-being. For example, when I go hiking in the mountains, I feel so connected to nature and it brings me a sense of peace and tranquility. On the other hand, when I visit a polluted city, I can feel the negative impact it has on my health and mood. Therefore, it's crucial for us to take care of the environment and make efforts to reduce pollution and protect natural habitats.
中文回答:
我相信环境对我们的幸福非常重要。
比如,当我去山里徒步旅行时,我感到与大自然联系紧密,给我带来了平静和宁静的感觉。
另一方面,当我去一个污染严重的城市时,我能感觉到它对我的健康和心情产生了负面影响。
因此,我们有责任保护环境,努力减少污染,保护自然栖息地。
Environment教案优秀5篇
Environment教案优秀5篇Environment教案篇二Environment教案篇五unit 2 the environment教案一。
重点短语1.按照我们一贯的程序follow our usual schedule2.被工业污染破坏be damaged by industrial waste3.进入大气中go into the atmosphere4.消灭,摧毁wipe out5.捕捞大量的鱼不让它们有产卵的时间catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs6.需要更多的土地来居住need more land to live on7.变成一个大问题turn into a big problem8.环保的生活方式environmentally friendly ways of living9.对我们的环境现状很担忧be very concerned about the present situation of our environment10.滚滚烟尘clouds of dirty smoke11.向河中倾倒化学废物pour chemical waste into a river12.逃避对环境的责任hide from the responsibilities to the environment13.将金钱视为敌人regard / consider /treat / think of money as theenemy14.对帮助双方都有利的关键the key to helping both sides15.征询周边人ask about the people around16.人口的迅速增长the rapid growing population/ rapid population grows17.导致饮用水的不安全result in unsafe drinking water18.意识到保护长江的重要性recognize/ realize the importance of protecting the yangtze river19.正在实施中be under way20.禁止渔船进入这片水域prevent from entering this area21.为解决长江的各种问题还有很长的路要走have a long way to go to solve all the problems22.保护这条他们所挚爱的河流的努力the efforts to protect this much-loved river23.在将来会得到后人是肯定be appreciated by future generations in the coming years24. environmental protection 25. make space for26. raw materials 27. economic development28. conflict with each other 29. the expressions needs to be changed 30. do research into 31. pick out32. present your point of view 32. face serious environmental problems33. do one’s part 34. much –loved river35. blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb 36.in particular37. let off 38. last but not least二。
英语Chapter3《Environment》课件(深圳牛津八年级下)
Read the first paragraph and find out the main idea
The first paragraph tells us our worldagraph says “the greenhouse effect”. Is it very important ? 2. What is the main idea in this paragragh?
(词性转换): consume v (例句)The consumers complained about the poor quality of the electronic products.
2) guide 1. 指南, 指导手册 (例句)You may read the guide to French wines first.
11)warmth: 温暖,暖和 n (解释)heat
(词性转换)adj: warm (例句)She felt the warmth of the sun on her face.
12)pollute: 污染 (解释)make something dirty, unpleasant or dangerous
The main topic of the book is becoming a green consumer to save Earth Four. ●The greenhouse effect. ● Destruction of rainforests
● Bad habits ● How can we save Earth?
(词性转换)adj: dangerous (例句)1. Our earth is in danger because of pollution.
Unit 10.Environment 短语
关心;在意 噪音污染 空气污染 水污染 不再;再也不 与…一样… 过去常常 被用来做 习惯做 8. 一层 9. 穿着 10. 全世界 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
care about noise pollution air pollution water pollution no longer as…as… used to do be used to do=be used for doing be used to doing a blanket of be dressed in in the world
traffic accident 21. 交通事故 lead to 22. 导致;通向 protect…for 23. 为…而保护 not only…but also… 24. 不但…而且 not…but… 不是…而是 fight against 25. 反对 in addition 26. 另外;此外;并且 be aware of 27. 知道;意识到 instead of 28. 代替;而不是 help to do 29. 有助于做… 30. 某天;有一天(未来)some day
11. …之一 12. 太多 13. 交通堵塞 14. 同时;一起 15. 放出;发出 16. 根据;依照 17. 美国 18. 死于;因…而死 19. 同…有关系 20. 死亡率
one of… too many/too much traffic jam at the same time give out according to the United States die of die from relate to death rate
11. …之一 12. 太多 13. 交通堵塞 14. 同时;一起 15. 放出;发出 16. 根据;依照 17. 美国 18. 死于;因…而死 19. 同…有关系 20. 死亡率
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environment, circumstances, conditions, surroundings 四个“环境”
为便于讨论,我把这四个词分为两组: environment与surroundings一组, conditions与cirsumstances一组。
surroundings 偏重于生活、居住的周围环境,
environment则指对人的成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响的环境。
优美的周边环境 beautiful surroundings;
幸福的家庭环境:happy home environment;
遗传和环境;发展与环境,其中的环境只能用 environment。
破坏环境,保护环境中的环境当然也是environment。
这词的使用范围比sorroundings宽泛得多,延伸到人类活动的各种领域,如political/economic/cultural/demographic/natural/social/technological /legal/macroeconomic/microeconomic
marketing/investment/language/learning/Chinese
speaking/bilingual/multilingual/operating/global/international environment etc.
Conditions 虽有"环境"的含义,不过更接近汉语“条件”——泛指改变、限制性因素,也指影响生活质量的种种因素。
circumstances则相当于“形势、情况”,往往指人力无法控制、驾驭的事件和事态的总和,
weather/working/living/housing/production/natural/financial conditions, 其中有些条件人们可以创造、改变,但人们无法改变、创造circumstances。
Don't judge the crime until you know the circumstances. 指时间、地点、条件、情况等细节,不能用conditions替换。
circumstances 还有一层意思,便是境遇、财力、经济状况,如经济宽余、生活安
逸 (in good/easy/comfortable/flourishing circumstances),经济拮据、境遇不佳 (in
bad/reduced/distressed/straitened circumstances)。
两词有时也可通用,如
under present conditions/circumstances;
national conditions/circumstances (国情)。
在习语中,词的搭配是固定的,不可互换,如in/under the circumstances,
in/under no circumstances。
中国政府在核武器问题上有句名言,不可不学:Time and again the Chinese government has solemnly declared thatat no time and under no circumstances will it be the first to use nuclear weapons。