四川大学华西医学院内科学(内分泌)2015,2018年考博真题

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四川大学华西历年复试真题

4.Horner 综合征 5.Queckenstedt 试验（二）简答题 1.髓内外疾病的鉴别 2.脑血管病的二级预防 3.真性延髓麻痹和假性延髓麻痹的鉴别 4.列举四种特殊的癫痫综合征及脑电图表现（三）论述题脑血管病（脑栓塞）的病例分析问：定位、定性、辅助检查、治疗（四）翻译题关于颈内动脉系统血管病变的外科治疗的文献翻译二、外科学
2018 年四川大学华西医院妇产科复试真题（一）名词解释 1.胎膜早破 2.子宫颈移行带
3.原发性痛经 4.PID 5.浸润性子宫内膜异位症 6.着床 7.Infertility 8.宫缩应激试验 9.VVC 10.HELLP 综合征（二）简答题 1.女性生殖道的免疫屏障 2.无排卵性功血的主要治疗 3.人工流产的并发症 4.卵巢肿瘤的并发症及其处理 5.简述影响分娩的四大因素 6.胎盘早剥的治疗
2017 年四川大学华西医院妇产科复试真题（一）名词解释 1.葡萄胎 2.黄体功能不足 3.胎儿生长受限
4.外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病 5.宫颈上皮内瘤变 6.子宫收缩乏力 7.复发性流产 8.脐带先露 9.子宫脱垂 10.不孕症（二）简答题 1.产后出血的原因和治疗（产科） 2.子宫内膜癌的临床表现和治疗（妇科） 3.绝经综合征的表现和处理（生殖内分泌） 4.无排卵性功血的临床表现和治疗 5.盆腔炎性疾病的治疗原则 6.妊娠期高血压的分类和治疗
2017 年四川大学华西医学院神经内科复试真题（一）名词解释 1.Bell 征 2.TIA 3.交叉瘫 4.感觉性失语 5.嗜睡（二）简答题 1.急性脊髓炎的临床表现 2.癫痫的发作类型 3.帕金森的临床表现 4.脑缺血疾病的二级预防（三）论述题关于吉兰巴雷综合征、脑梗的病例分析
2013 年四川大学华西医学院神经内科复试真题（一）名词解释 1.Fisher 综合征 2.偏头痛（英文） mber-Eaton 综合征

四川大学华西医学院内科学(内分泌)2015年考博真题试卷

4.血液系统：什么是大细胞性贫血？关于大细胞性贫血的鉴别诊断？
5.泌尿系统：好像是与慢性肾衰竭分期有关
其余心内、风湿、感染科的不记得了，当时没选，所以印象不深
内分泌部分（80分）
1.关于原醛症的鉴别，AVS用于鉴别哪些情况？（10分）
2. pheochromocytoma（嗜铬细胞瘤）与paraganglioma（副神经节瘤）分别是什么？他们两者有什么异同？（10分）
四川大学华西医院
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（内分泌）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
大内科部分（七选二，10分*2=20分，不能选所报考方向的题）
1.呼吸系统：与哮喘分级治疗相关
2.内分泌系统：与高钙血症相关
3.消化系统：关于幽门螺杆菌的无创检测方法有哪几种？哪些情况需要根除Hp？根除治疗的方案？
（3）MODY（青年成人发病型糖尿病）
（4）PPARa
（5）rhPTH（重组人甲状ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้腺激素）
（6）osteopenia（骨质疏松症）
6.评估手术治疗肥胖合并糖尿病的利弊（10分）
3.年轻女性，普通上班族，近期出现月经不调等症状，查体无明显异常，头颅MRI示：垂体可见一占位（多大不记得了）（10分）
（1）该患者下一步必要做的检查有哪些？（5分）
（2）若上述检查结果都正常该如何处理？（5分）
4.70多岁老年男性，乏力，纳差半年，加重伴厌食，查体心肺腹无异常，血常规正常，生化：ALT 78，AST 74，肾功能正常，血糖正常，血钾正常，血钠132mmol/L等。（10分）
（1）该患者低钠血症的最可能的原因是什么？（2分）

四川大学华西医学院药理学2015年考博真题考博试卷

攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博真题试卷
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四川大学华西医院
2015 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：药理学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（20 分） 1、Transporter 2、曲美他嗪 3、cholinesterase reactivator 4．Receptor regulation 5.efficacy and potency 二、多选（10 分） 1. 属于 G 受体的是（） A 肾上腺素受体 B N 受体 C M 受体 D 甾体受体 E GABA 受体 2、主要作用于 S 期的抗癌药有（） A 环磷酰胺 B 甲氨蝶呤 C 顺铂 D 长春新碱 E 5-氟尿嘧啶 3、主治乙型肝炎的有（） A 利巴韦林 B 拉米夫定 CE 更昔洛韦 4．长期使用糖皮质激素不产生（） A 肾上腺皮质萎缩 B 高血糖 C 胃溃疡出血穿孔 D 骨质疏松 E 淋巴细胞增加 5．调节细胞内 NO 浓度，导致 cGMP 变化发挥作用的是（） A 硝普钠 B 硝苯地平 C 硝酸甘油 D 糖皮质激素 E 戊四硝酯三、单选题（10 分，1 分/题）略四、论述题（60 分） 1.细菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性的机制。 2、伊伐布雷定的作用机制及临床应用。 3、抗肿瘤药要的主要不良反应及机制。 4、抗高血压药分类及机制。

四川大学博士入学考试试题汇总

目录四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题 (2)2004年 (2)四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题 (2)2006年 (2)四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题 (3)2004年 (3)2004年 (4)四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题2004年1.牙髓牙本质复合体2.根尖基点3.牙龈素4.副肿瘤性天疱疮5.显著性龋均指数1.牙菌斑是如何致龋的2.根管治疗的进展3.控制牙菌斑对牙周炎治疗的意义及控制方法4.复发性口疮为什么可以用免疫抑制剂，也可以用免疫增强剂，举例说明5.根据自己的知识讲述中国口腔疾病的现状，并提出防治策略及方法四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题2006年四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题2004年一、名词解释：（每题2分）Tissue engineeringColles’ fractureBone-fascia compartment syndromeGaleazzi’s fractureThomas sign二、问答题：⒈上下肢骨传导音的检查方法及意义？⒉股骨头血供的特点及其对股骨颈骨折的临床治疗、预后的指导意义？⒊脊柱“三柱”理论的原理及其对脊柱骨折治疗的指导意义？请简述脊柱骨折治疗的基本原则？⒋人工髋关节置换术后骨溶解的病理生理及临床表现？目前有效的治疗方法？⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同？请简述两者治疗方法的特点？⒍病案分析男性，30岁，伤后8小时入院，双下肢活动障碍，双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。

X 光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm，双侧骶髂关节脱位，骶骨骨折。

请给出治疗方案并说明理由。

四川大学华西医学部局解（骨科专业基础）博士入学考试试题2004年每题10分，选做100分⒈脊椎骨间的主要连接？⒉股鞘的结构与内容？⒊阑尾的常见位置，怎样寻找阑尾？⒋腹股沟管的构成？⒌甲状腺的位置、毗邻、甲状腺血管与神经的关系？⒍胸膜腔的体表投影？⒎子宫的位置及毗邻？⒏直肠的形态和毗邻？⒐心脏的血供？⒑肝外胆管的组成及毗邻？⒒后纵隔的结构及排列关系？⒓肾脏的位置与毗邻？⒔会阴中心体的构成及作用？⒕女性乳房的结构特点及主要淋巴引流？。

四川大学_华西医学院_内科学(肾病)_肾内科学2003,2010,2017年考博真题试卷

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四川大学华西医院
2010 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：肾内专业课注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
（考 80%肾内，20%大内科，选作其他专业一题） 1、IgA 的发病机制和治疗进展 2、DKD 的早期诊断 3、IgA 的鉴别诊断 4、2006 年指南和之前的在肾性贫血有何不同 5、AKI 的分期 6、SlE 的免疫治疗进展 7、选作其他专业一题
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四川大学华西医院
2017 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：肾内专业课注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、问答题（100 分） 1、肾病综合征合型的特点。 2、透析膜材料的分类及特点。 3、 C3 肾病的临床表现、诊断和治疗。 4、 CKD-MBD 的诊断和治疗。 5、 2012 年 KDIGO 指南关于狼疮肾炎治疗的推荐。
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四川大学华西医院
2003 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：肾内专业课注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（每题 5 分） 1、循证医学 2、失衡综合征
二、问答题：（10 分）简述肾性贫血的机制和治疗。
三、论述题（每题 20 分）： 1、试述 RAS 系统抑制剂在肾脏中的作用。 2、举例说明肾脏病的研究进展。 3、药物延缓肾衰竭进展的循证医学（举例说明）。 4、糖尿病肾病的分期、特点和治疗原则。

四川大学2015考博真题

四川大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by Choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSpeech is so familiar a feature of daily life that we rarely pause to define it. It seems as natural to man as walking, and only less so than breathing. Yet it needs but a moment's reflection to convince us that this naturalness of speech is but an illusory feeling. The process of acquiring speech is, in sober fact, an utterly different sort of thing from the process of learning to walk. In the case of the latter function, culture, in other words, the traditional body of social usage, is not seriously brought into play. The child is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors that we term biological heredity, to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments that result in walking. Indeed, the very conformation of these muscles and of the appropriate parts of the nervous system may be said to be primarily adapted to the movements made in walking and in similar activities. In a very real sense, the normal human being is predestined to walk, not because his elders will assist him to learn the art, but because his organism is prepared from birth to take on all those muscular adaptations that result in walking. To put it concisely, walking is an inherent, biological function of man.Not so language. It is of course true that in a certain sense the individual is predestined to talk, but that is due entirely to the circumstance that he is born in the lap of a society that is certain to lead him to its traditions. Eliminate society and there is every reason to believe that he will learn to walk, if, indeed, he survives at all. But it is just as certain that he will never learn to talk, that is, to communicate ideas according to the traditional system of a particular society. Or, again, remove the new-born individual from the social environment into which he has come and transplant him to an utterly foreign one. He will develop the art of walking in his new environment very much as he would have developed it in the old. But his speech will be completely at variance with the speech of his native environment. Walking then is a general human activity that varies only within a restricted limit as we pass from individual to individual. Its variability is purposeless. Speech is a human activity that varies without assignable limit as we pass from social group to social group, the product of long-continued social usage. It varies as all creative effort varies ... not as consciously, perhaps, but none the less as truly as do the religions, the beliefs, the customs, and the arts of different peoples. Walking is an organic, an instinctive, function; speech is a non-instinctive, acquired, “cultural” function.1. The first sentence of Paragraph Two, "Not so language", is the closest in meaning to（）[A] This is not the case with language[B] So is language and net anything else[C] No such a thing exists in language[D] Not so much with language2. The real difference between the ability to walk and the ability to talk is that （）.[A] the former is like breathing while the latter is not[B] the former does not require social interaction while the latter does[C] the former requires muscular movement while the latter does not[D] the former is predestined while the latter is not3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? （）[A] Language is biologically programmed but has to be acquired later on.[B] Only when a child grows up in a community can he learn to talk.[C] Language interaction is a way to impart culture.[D] Formal education is necessary for the learning of language.4. When the author says the variability of walking "is purposeless", he means that（）.[A] any person who walks would not have a purpose[BI in all cultures people walk aimlessly[C] culture does affect the ways people walk[D] purpose in walking varies with one's ability5. The author wrote this passage in order to（）.[A] argue for a point [B] provide information[C] narrate a legend [D] debate with his rivalsPassage TwoThe observer does not have to look far to discover that Western society is youth oriented and youth worshiping. The phenomenon shows itself in many ways. First, adults do all they can to be youthful and to remain young because old age is feared and youthfulness admired. Beauty and cosmetic industries have made billions of dollars by encouraging this emulation of agelessness.Second, much of what parents do is for their young. Thousands of parents make daily sacrifices for their children. The numerous benefits heaped upon children are evident. Many mothers say: "I would give my life for my children." This feeling does not apply to all parents, but it applies to enough of them to be proof positive that today's adults care about their young people.Third, most adults say that the majority of youth today are "pretty good kids." This point of view can be fairly well substantiated. Most studies that focus on normal adolescents agree that the majority are not problems, not in turmoil, not deeply disturbed, not at the mercy of their impulses, not resistant to parental values, not politically active, and not rebellious. In a recent Gallup poll, 97 percent of teens said they got along with their parents either very well or fairly well. Only 3 percent said they did not get along at all well. Sometimes, parents carry a positive view of their teenagers to an over-idealized extreme. They refuse to believe their children are ever at fault or ever capable of doing wrong, and they tend to attack any friend, teacher, or town official who tries to tell them otherwise. Despite this over-idealization most youths are not problems --- to themselves or to their communities. Misconceptions are foraged by focusing only on the drug-addicted, delinquent, and disturbed or on the social rebels who are in fact a minority.Finally, although most youths today are not activist rebels like those of the late 1960s and early 1970s; youthful idealism is still much in evidence. Adolescents are much concerned about social issues such as juvenile crime, drug abuse, the energy crises, unemployment, women's liberation, materialism and indifference in society, pollution, and the environment. They also show genuine concern for the underdog, indicated by their frequent political alliance with blacks or the poor. They will give generously and work hard to help the starving overseas or will come to the defense of convicted criminals if they feel their cause is just. Clergy and other caring adults applaud youths who join the "love" generation to find more meaningful relationships than thosebetween their parents at home or between business elements in a highly competitive society. These adults-emphasize that parents ought not to be critical of their young for hating corruption, injustice, or superficial values. Although they are a little awed by youths who will work for months to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth.6. By "youth worshiping", the author expressed the idea that in Western society the adults[A] worship the young people [B] are all religious believers[C] desire to stay young [D] worship God like the youth7. According to the passage, teenagers in Western society are.[A] unmotivated students in schools[B] sympathetic with the unfortunate[C] highly competitive on the job market[D] equipped with all kinds of values8. All of the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT that .[A] young people are more active than adults in protecting their environment[B] a majority of families live in peace and harmony[C] adults used to believe that adolescents are rebellious[D] it is not right for adults to criticize the youths9. Which of the following is the best paraphrase of the idea of the last sentence of the passage ?[A] Youths may go too far in their social activities, but that's 'better than their doing mischievous things or wasting their time.[B] Youths may oppose development, and that's worthwhile because goldfish and telephone booth are far less important.[C] Youths are environment protectionists, but they may also cause damage to wildlife or to public properties.[D] Youths stay too long in wilderness, since they love things in nature instead of goldfish or telephone booths in modem cities.10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .[A] a sociologist [B] a loving parent[C] a political official [D] a clergymanPassage ThreeCrocodiles are incredibly strong, agile and aggressive. They are merciless killers and it's their nature to be brutal. They are estimated to kill up to 200 people per year in Africa and they can eat up to half their body weight in one meal. This is why in Burkina Faso, the lakeside Bazoule village is famous for its unique tradition.For many generations the villagers have lived harmoniously with about 200 wild crocodiles. Crocodiles have remained the same for over 200 million years. They are feared and avoided by humans and animals alike. But the people of Bazoule revere the sacred crocodiles in the lake. This unique tradition started many generations ago at a time when the people of Bazoule were facing a great drought and there was no water. Women used to walk 40 kilometers searching for water. The crocodiles lived apart and hence there was no co-habitation betweenthe crocodiles and the people of Bazoule.Legend says that one day the women were passing close to the crocodiles and one woman attempted to collect water in the lake and the crocodile let her fetch water without attacking her. From then onwards all the women in Bazoule village could fetch water from the lake. The villagers named the ferocious animals the sacred crocodiles for they had saved them and they could not only fetch drinking water but also water their plants and they survived the famine."The crocodiles of Bazoule are sacred because they are the totems of the village. They're the ancestors of the village because they saved the villagers and that is why they' are called sacred," says Prosper Kabore, Head Crocodile guide.Prosper was born into this tradition. His job is to safeguard the unique relationship between the people and the sacred crocodiles. Every child in Bazoule is taught to be kind and respectful. They are constantly reminded that the life they enjoy today is as a result 'of the kindness and compassion shown to their ancestors. Kindness and help provided to them by the most unlikely animals, the crocodile. At one point in time the crocodiles cried for one month. Everybody wondered what was wrong. When Prosper told the local chief who is entirely in charge of the conservation of the sacred crocodiles, he prohibited children from picking grass at the lake. Then one night a child went into the water and did not return. The crocodiles cried a lot. The day that followed people saw somebody drowned in the water. "We tried to retrieve the body but we couldn't. Then we saw the crocodile bringing the body. He pushed it out of the water and we took the body and buried," recalls Kabore.Hence this unique co-existence is what draws people from all over and they are shocked to see this phenomenon that has been in this village for many generations. They get a chance to ride on the backs of the sacred crocodiles, feed them with chickens. The chickens fed to the crocodiles come from Bazoule village, any chicken outside the village is not fed to the crocodiles; This is meant to appease the ancestors.The sacred crocodiles and Bazoule people have a great interdependency. The crocodiles allow the villagers to use the water and the villagers allow the crocodiles to feed on their plants and the cycle of life goes on harmoniously. The money attained from tourists goes directly to help the needy children in Bazoule. Hence not only does the community help in conserving the crocodiles and the old tradition but it also, uplifts the lives of its community members.11. All of the following about crocodiles are true EXCEPT that they .[A] move swiftly and flexibly [B] need a lot of food to eat[C] have a mild temperament [D] live in waters12. According to the passage, the Bazoule villagers respect the crocodiles as sacred beings because the crocodiles there .[A] live far away from the village[B] are respected as the emblem of the villagers[C] eat chickens and plants only[D] would feel sad when a human being dies13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] The Bazoule villagers are active animal protectionists.[B] Even crocodiles can be tamed just like dogs are domesticated.[C] Ecological harmony may lead to the prosperity of tourism.[D] Human beings have treated ferocious animals in a wrong way.14. Which of the following is opposite in meaning to "uplift" in the last sentence of the passage?[A] degrade [B]downplay [C] downpour [D]delimit15. Which of the following may be the most appropriate title for this passage?[A] Animal Protection and Development of Tourism[B] An Unbelievable Tradition in an African Tribe[C] Crocodiles and Villagers in Mutual Understanding[D] Crocodile Conservation: a Human EndeavorPassage FourExcessive sun exposure is bad for our health. But sun deprivation is also harmful - contributing to ailments from depression to disturbed sleep, obesity and even cancer. People inhabiting the far northern hemisphere are particularly vulnerable, forced to endure long, dark winter nights and sometimes only seeing the sun for three quarters of an hour per day in December.But relief could be on its way, with Swedish researchers exploring a range of projects that could bring light to the wider population. They are working on a device that could transform people's homes and lives by regulating the amount of light to which they are exposed. At Lund University, in southern Sweden, Prof Thorbjorn Laike shows off what he calls an "artificial sun", a collection of bright bluish lights that wouldn't look out of place in a giant's dentist surgery.The "sun" has pride of place in the architecture department, reflecting Prof Laike's passion for light and the benefits it can bring. He is Spearheading the "Healthy Homes" project, which aims to ensure that people living in the dark upper reaches of the northern hemisphere receive the right amount of the "right sort" of light at the right time. They are developing a device called a Daysimeter, which monitors a person's exposure to light radiation during the day. When the user returns home, the Daysimeter automatically sends this information to a central control hub, which works out whether the person has received sufficient sunlight. If that turns out to be either too much or not enough, a smart system will adjust the lighting in the home to compensate: By rebalancing a individual's light exposure, the idea is to help people maintain a more normal and healthy circadian rhythm.Humans are programmed to wake and sleep on a roughly 24-hour cycle, and the timing is regulated by exposure to light. According to a statement from the Healthy Homes project: "Disruption of a regular, daily pattern of light and dark can lead to poor sleep, fatigue and decreased performance，as well as poor health ranging from obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even cancer."In places where sunlight is in short supply, bright electric lighting delivered at the right time of day can act as a substitute. "We anticipate that this will make it easier for people, especially.16. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] Too little sunning is just as harmful as too much sunning.[B] Artificial sunlight can be used to treat illnesses such as cancer.[C] People living on the equator do not develop obesity.[D] Northerners sleep more poorly than southerners do.17. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] Ultimately, artificial sun will substitute the natural sunlight to keep people healthy.[B] Even sports and other activities cannot compensate for the lack of sunlight.[C] In the sunlight, only its bluish ray is important for human health.[D] People on the equator do not have to worry about biological cycle.18. Human beings need sunlight exposure especially in the morning because[A] their body clock would stop regulating work at night[B] the sunlight regulates certain hormone to keep people energetic[C] the morning sun gives off the full spectrum of rays[D] the 19dl century architects had already found it necessary to maximize the sun penetration19. Most likely, the author of this passage is[A] a medical doctor [B] a student who loves sports[C] a news reporter [D] a town official in Sweden20. In "the Healthy Homes researchers plan to kit out the first experimental home within two years", the phrase "kit out" means "to[A] rule out [B] install in the kitchen[C] equip and use [D] send kids outdoorsPassage FiveMigratory birds may be spreading viruses that cause bird flu around the world, say scientists. Outbreaks in poultry may become more common in the future, especially in ill-prepared countries, they warn. A severe strain found at a duck farm in the UK last year may have been carried by wild birds out of Russia, according to Dutch researchers. The virus is a low human health risk, but wild birds on long migratory routes should be monitored, they say.H5N8 is a strain of bird flu that appeared late last year in Russia, East Asia, North America and four European .countries, including the UK. The infections led to millions of poultry being culled. In the UK, ducks were affected at a farm in Driffield, Yorkshire. Another outbreak of bird flu in Hampshire this week is of the H7N7 form of the virus, which is less severe.Scientists at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands, say the presence of the H5 virus in a migratory bird in Russia and other detections in wild birds and poultry is "worrisome". "More poultry outbreaks could occur in the future, especially in countries that are ill-prepared," a team led by Dr Ron Fouchier wrote in the journal, Science. "Despite the currently low public health risk, the outbreaks should be monitored closely, given that several animal species are susceptible and that influenza viruses are generally unpredictable." Wild birds with long migratory routes should be monitored for exposure to H5N8 and control measures in poultry should be updated, as they appear to be "insufficient", they added.Scientists are also investigating other ways that bird flu viruses can spread around the world, including through illegal poultry trade and contamination of vehicles or equipment. A recent report from the European Food Safety Authority said the route of spread of the disease remained uncertain. It said all affected farms in Europe had kept birds inside, suggesting direct transmission from wild birds to farmed poultry was unlikely.Experts said there were no known direct migration routes from East Asia to Europe, but infected migratory birds from East Asia could in theory pass the virus on to other species at breeding and stopover places in Eurasia. Dr Derek Gatherer of Lancaster University said moreresearch into flu in wild bird populations in the UK was needed, especially in species migrating in from Europe. "The British response to bird flu is oriented towards agriculture - that's fine because of course we need to protect our poultry industry - but in order to really understand bird flu we should also study it in its natural setting," he told BBC News. "Then we'll have a better 'early warning system' for what might be a threat to agriculture in the future."UK officials said tests had confirmed the Hampshire outbreak was of a low severity H7 strain of the disease, which is a much less severe form than the HSN8 strain found in Yorkshire in November. Chief vet Nigel Gibbens said: "We have taken immediate action to contain this outbreak as part of our robust procedures for dealing swiftly with avian flu. "This is a low severity form of the virus and we are taking action to ensure that the disease does not spread or develop into a more severe form. We are investigating the possible sources of the outbreak. I would urge poultry keepers in the surrounding area to be vigilant for any signs of disease and to ensure they are maintaining good bio-security on their premises."The Department for Environment, Food &Rural Affairs said warden patrols for diseased wild birds occurred in eight Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust reserves in Great Britain, and a number of other reserves were patrolled by volunteers from October to March. Anyone finding five or more wild birds dead in the same location is advised to report them to the Delta helpline.21. In "The infections led to millions of poultry being culled", the word "culled" means[A] canceled [B] raised in cult[C] sold [D] killed22. The outbreak of bird flu should be monitored, because .[A] poultry industry threatens bio-security in many countries[B] the H5 virus from Russia is more dangerous than other species[C] wild birds spread virus all along their migratory routes[D] it is not sure how many animals can be affected by bird flu23. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] The southern hemisphere of the earth is free from bird flu.[B] Even if birds are kept indoors, they may not be safe from bird flu.[C] If a country is well-prepared, it never suffers from flu outbreaks.[D] At present scientists have found control measures to prevent bird flu.24. Which of the following statements is known to be true of bird virus?[A] It may survive even if it is not in the bird body.[B] It transmits directly through the air and blood transfusion.[C] It is unlikely to cause illness early in Spring.[D] It leads to illegal poultry trades.25. This passage is most likely to be .[A] a warning for tourists issued by the government[B] a medical advice from university research center[C] a. newspaper report for public information[D] an academic essay published in professional magazinePassage Six"Education" means different things to different people. To some elementary and secondary school children, it can. be an exciting intellectual experience; to those poorly motivated or presented with a dull and unimaginative curriculum, it can be a deadening ordeal; to college students, education may be a means to acquiring the qualifications for a job, a way of escaping lowly social class origin, or .a time for experimenting with a variety of social and personal identities; to parents,, education for their children may represent the realization of their own unfulfilled aspirations; to those who operate the schools .... teachers, principals, and administrators --- education means a job, a place where career aspirations may be realized or frustrated, where viable relationships with colleagues and supervisors must be worked out. This list of the meanings of education could be expanded indefinitely. However, it should be sufficient to illustrate the multiple meanings of education to people in various roles and subgroups in the society.What does education mean to the sociologist? How does he begin to structure and make sense out of this multifaceted phenomenon called education? Basically, sociologists regard education as a distinctively social phenomenon or "institution" which, like other social phenomena, is amenable to objective scientific analysis. A sociological perspective on education requires that one "step back" from that which he is examining, set aside his personal and cultural biases, and take a long, hard look at the phenomenon of education. This is not an easy task. At times it is made more difficult by the fact that teachers, administrators, and concerned segments of the public may expect immediate answers to the questions of policy and technique to emerge from the sociologist's research on education. Sociologists, on the other hand, are primarily concerned with building a body of verified knowledge about education and only secondarily with the problem of applying their findings and conclusions to the concerns of the educational practitioners. Though most research on education by sociologists has some policy implications, sociologists vary in title extent to which .they spell out these implications, in their work. Ultimately, the extent to which this is done is a matter of style and most sociologists have adopted a style in which policy implications are left implicit rather than one in which explicit programmatic statements and policy recommendations are made. The readers are then left to extract (if they care to) the implications of the research and ideas presented for questions of policy and action.26. According to the author, education enables students to have all the following EXCEPT[A] an explanation of school education[B] an enriched life of learning[C] a chance to move up the social ladder[D] enlarging one's circle of friends27. The phrase "this multifaceted phenomenon" most likely means "a phenomenon that[A] is facilitated in multiple ways [B] has many aspects of significance[C] does multiplications [D] undergoes many changes28. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that •[A] Every student can realize their dreams in one way or another through education.[B] For teachers job opportunities are rare outside the area of education.[C] Parents hope to have their own dreams come true in their children.[D] Students with low motivation usually do not have dreams.29. Which of the following conclusions can be derived from this passage?[A] Educational sociologists must step back from the real-tire problems of education.[B] Educational technology is a topic for research in educational sociology.[C] Researchers of educational sociology are all impartial in their observations.[D] Educational theories and practices are two different enterprises.30. What question might the author most likely continue to discuss after this passage?[A] Why is education multifaceted?[B] What does sociology mean to students, teachers, parents and others concerned?[C] What is the role of educational technology in teaching practices?[D] Why is educational research necessary and what are its topics?II. Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each)31. The two men are well with each other since they once studied in the same university.[A] recognized [B] acquainted [C] acknowledged [D] identified32. When hysteria about AIDS first infected the media in early 1980s, those identified aswere all at the margins of society.[A] feasible [B] accessible [C] vulnerable [D] attainable33. You'd better from talking too much, for the more you talk, the more mistakes you may commit.[A] refrain [B] resort [C] reframe [D] resist34. How can you be so to the sufferings of people in poverty in the world?[A] unpopular [B] indifferent [C] neutral [D] vigorous35. He was so absorbed in his work that he was to things going on around him.[A] oblivious [B] digestible [C] dormant [D] introvert36. Because all the parts of this machine are , it is convenient to replace them.[A] normalized [B] mechanized [C] modernized [D] standardized37. This Canon camera can be to take pictures in cloudy or night conditions.[A] adapted [B] adjusted [C] adopted [D] addressed38. A teacher is one who preaches the way of life, knowledge and help the students out of their difficulties.[A] inherit [B] intervene [C] interpret [D] impart39. Many poets and artists have drawn their from Nature as well as the real life experiences of ordinary people.[A] affectation [B] inspiration [C] intervention [D] convention40. We cannot guarantee the take-off of the flight, since we are having such a foggy day.[A] puncture [B] pinpoint [C] punctual [D] pernicious41. What is in store in the future is unknown, but we can that it gives us many hopes.[A] affirm [B] confide [C] confer [D] overrun42. In China, all parents have to send their children to school beginning from age 7, according to the Law of Education.[A] Compelling [B] Forced [C] Obliged [D] Compulsory43. Although it was his first experience as chairman, he over the meeting with great skill.[A] presided [B] administered [C] mastered [D] executed。

中山大学内分泌2015年考博真题试卷

4.慢性肾衰竭的治疗原则。
5.如何防止痛风反复发作。
6.如何评估稳定期COPD的肺功能、急性加重的风险。
7.BNP和NT-proBNP的区别，及在心衰中的诊断程序。
二、论述题(30分)
（内分泌）依赖ACTH和不依赖ACTH的cusing综合征的鉴别。
中山大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
中山大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内分泌
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。公共Biblioteka 分一、简答题（10分*7题）
1.如何判断消化道出血已停止。
2.原发性免疫性血小板缺乏症的治疗原则。
3.嗜铬细胞瘤为何有时候表现为低血压甚至休克。

四川大学华西医学院影像诊断学2018年考博真题试卷

5.慢性病毒性肝炎到肝硬化到肝癌的病理改变过程，病理进展，影像在这个过程中的应用
6.急性胰腺炎的影像表现，怎样从影像上区分病变程度
3.急性主动脉综合征的含义病理及影像表现
4.肺空洞鉴别
5.慢性病毒性肝炎肝硬化肝癌的病理进程及影像学检查的意义
6.胰腺炎影像表现及严重程度评判标准
回忆2：
1.PWI和MRS在颅内肿瘤中的应用和鉴别诊断
2.喉癌的临床分型影像表现鉴别诊断写3个以上
3.急性主动脉综合征，影像病理
4.空洞的定义，写出3个肺部空洞疾病并鉴别诊断
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：影像诊断学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、论述题（100分）
1.灌注和波谱成像在ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断的作用
2.喉癌临床类型影像表现和鉴别诊断

四川大学华西医学院肿瘤学2012--2018年考博真题

考试科目：肿瘤学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、选择题：很简单，都是基本常识，1.5分一个共20个二、简答题每题5分 1. 肿瘤多步骤转移机制 2. 肿瘤亚临床病灶的定义及意义用临床物理检查方法所不能发现的肿瘤病灶。可位于肿瘤主体的四周，也可位于远离肿瘤的某处。临床上无任何表现，也不易被发现。治疗应尽量与原发肿瘤同时进行。若采用放射治疗或化学治疗，它们的用量一般比临床病灶要低。临床对这部分病灶治疗的忽略、不足或无力，常是肿瘤治疗失败的原因。 3. 肿瘤溶解综合征 4. Driver gene的定义及其临床意义 5. PD-1/PD-L1的含义及其临床意义 PD1主要在激活的T细胞和B细胞中表达，功能是抑制细胞的激活，这是免疫系统的一种正常的自稳机制，因为过度的T/B细胞激活会引起自身免疫病，所以 PD1是我们人体的一道护身符。但是，肿瘤微环境会诱导浸润的T细胞高表达PD -1分子，肿瘤细胞会高表达PD-1的配体PD-L1和PDL2，导致肿瘤微环境中PD1通路持续激活，T细胞功能被抑制，无法杀伤肿瘤细胞。PD1的抗体可以阻断这一通路，部分恢复T细胞的功能，使这些细胞能够继续杀伤肿瘤细胞。 PD-L1在多种肿瘤细胞中均有上调表达，它与 T细胞上的PD-1结合，抑制 T细胞增殖和活化，使T细胞处于失活状态，最终诱导免疫逃逸。两种抑制剂均可阻断PD-1和PD-L1的结合，上调T细胞的生长和增殖，增强 T细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别，激活其攻击和杀伤功能，通过调动人体自身的免疫功能实现抗肿瘤作用。 6.食管癌的症状？哪些症状预示着食管穿孔早期症状常不明显，但在吞咽粗硬食物时可能有不同程度的不适感觉，包括咽下食物梗噎感，胸骨后烧灼样、针刺样或牵拉摩擦样疼痛。食物通过缓慢，并
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四川大学华西医学院内科学(呼吸内科)2018年考博真题试卷

慢性肾功能不全透析指针
内分泌：酮症酸中毒基本处理原则
血液：出血性疾病诊断试验及意义
免疫：系统性硬化的临床分型，实验室特点，治疗原则
感染：临床常用抗生素种类及使用基本原则
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（呼吸内科）
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
呼吸内科专科题：
1.举例说明三种支气管扩张剂，简述期其应用，
2.有关哮喘和COPD的一道病例分析题，（20分）
3.ARDS的定义和最新诊断标准，
4.CAP的诊断标准，
5.机械通气撤机困难应考虑哪些原因，
6.COPD的定义，分级，分期，
7.活动性肺结核的治疗原则和初治和复治的要点，
大内科公共题，选2个，20分
呼吸：呼吸支持技术？简述其要点
心内：冠心病二级预防
消化：溃疡性结肠炎和crohn肠病鉴别
肾内：2选1
AKI诊断分期

四川大学华西医学院内科学(内分泌)2018年考博真题试卷

四、病例分析，2题 1、T2DM合并高血压、肥胖患者出现双下肢疼痛的诊断以及诊疗 2、泌乳素瘤
大内科公共题，选2个，20分呼吸：呼吸支持技术？简述其要点心内：冠心病二级预防消化：溃疡性结肠炎和crohn肠病鉴别肾内：2选1 AKI诊断及分期慢性肾功能不全透析指针内分泌：酮症酸中毒基本处理原则血液：出血性疾病诊断试验及意义免疫：系统性硬化的临床分型，实验室特点，治疗原则感染：临床常用抗生素种类及使用基本原则
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：内科学（内分泌）注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。内分泌内科专科题：一、名词解释（英文） BIPSS（双侧岩下窦静脉采血）、
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secondary hyperparathroidism（继发性甲旁亢）、 secondary obesity（继发性肥胖）、 rT3（反/逆三碘甲状腺原氨酸）
二、单选题（共10分、10题）内容包括原醛症、T2DM、高尿酸血症/痛风指南、甲亢等
三、简答题 1、Graves眼病的鉴别诊断 2、paraganglioma是什么，主要分布在什么地方 3、PMOP的临

四川大学华西医学院药理学2012,2014--2015年考博真题

三、论述题（60分）
1、跨膜转运方式、特点？
2、氨氯地平在脑血管病中应用及药理学基础？
3、新型抗心绞痛药物机制及临床应用？
4、新型抗肿瘤药物机制及其临床应用？
四川大学华西医院
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：药理学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（20分）
4、Hepato-enteralcirculation
5、Past fatty acidinhibitor
二、论述题
1、硝酸酯类药物应用、机制、注意事项。
2、平喘药分类及作用机制。
3、痴呆分类；老年性痴呆药物分类及作用机制。
4、抗肿瘤药物生化机制。
5、药物作用非受体作用方式。
6、曲美他嗪作用机制及临床应用。
D糖皮质激素
E戊四硝酯
三、单选题（10分，1分/题）
略
四、论述题（60分）
1.细菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性的机制。
2、伊伐布雷定的作用机制及临床应用。
3、抗肿瘤药要的主要不良反应及机制。
4、抗高血压药分类及机制。
A环磷酰胺
B甲氨蝶呤
C顺铂
D长春新碱
E 5-氟尿嘧啶
3、主治乙型肝炎的有（）
A利巴韦林
B拉米夫定
C阿昔洛韦
D干扰素
E更昔洛韦
4．长期使用糖皮质激素不产生（）
A肾上腺皮质萎缩
B高血糖
C胃溃疡出血穿孔
D骨质疏松
E淋巴细胞增加
5．调节细胞内NO浓度，导致cGMP变化发挥作用的是（）
A硝普钠
B硝苯地平
C硝酸甘油
四川大学华西医院
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题

四川大学华西医学院肿瘤学2015(含答案)年考博真题试卷

2）细胞周期调控：如果细胞周期检查点及调控因子出感性降低。
3）DNA损伤修复：通常DNA修复缺陷的细胞其放射敏感性高。
4）细胞凋亡：放疗后凋亡比例高的肿瘤，放射敏感性高。
5）生长因子和癌基因：如EGFR过表达或过度激活的肿瘤对放疗抵抗性更强。
意义：AKT刺激葡萄糖的代谢，增强细胞的生长，通过下游多种途径对靶蛋白进行磷酸化而发挥抗凋亡作用，通过增加P53蛋白的降解而影响细胞存活。
2.肿瘤血管生成方式？简述经典血管生成(sprouting angiogenesis，SA)过程
3.肿瘤放射敏感性与哪些因素有关？有何临床意义？
1）氧合状态：氧对放射线的DNA损伤有固定作用，肿瘤乏氧时对放射治疗抗拒能力比正常氧合细胞强2.5~3倍。
PD-L1在多种肿瘤细胞中均有上调表达，它与T细胞上的PD-1结合，抑制T细胞增殖和活化，使T细胞处于失活状态，最终诱导免疫逃逸。两种抑制剂均可阻断PD-1和PD-L1的结合，上调T细胞的生长和增殖，增强T细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别，激活其攻击和杀伤功能，通过调动人体自身的免疫功能实现抗肿瘤作用。
6.食管癌的症状？哪些症状预示着食管穿孔
根据机制的治疗：①现已研发出第二代、第三代甚至第四代TKI，是针对T790M突变的新的治疗策略。②将c-Met抑制剂与TKI联用，可以增加TKI的敏感性。③阿法替尼和西妥昔单抗可以抑制Her2的磷酸化。④针对肿瘤细胞内多种失调蛋白的抑制剂联合使用。
4.手术在结直肠癌肝转移中的作用及意义
5.肺癌EGFR-TKI类药物的耐药机制及如何根据机制进行治疗？
耐药机制：①20外显子插入或重复突变与EGFR-TKI耐药有关，T790M使EGFR空间构象发生改变，与ATP亲和力增强，从而削弱TKI的竞争能力，造成EGFR的持续激活。②靶基因的扩增，如c-Met、EML4-ALK和Her2基因的扩增均与TKI耐药相关。③组织表型的改变：EMT与TKI的耐药相关。④旁路途径的激活：EGFR通路中的某些组件出现激活型突变，如PIK3CA、BRAF或其他RTK的激活。⑤p53基因的缺失。⑥细胞信号通路负反馈的减弱：如PI3K-Akt通路和MEK-ERK通路抑制剂的应用使负反馈减弱，RTK信号增强。

四川大学华西医学院考博试题

考博详解与指导局部解剖学：一、名词解释：颈动脉窦，肺根，面部危险三角区，膀胱直肠陷凹，胆囊三角，(还有一个想不起了)二、问答题：(9选7)1.临床作气管切开的位置，经过的层次，切开过深可损伤的器官，过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影(至少10个)5.子宫的位置，及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7.腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置病理真题1，名词解释：肉芽组织，老化，autopsy,瘘管，转移钙化，紫癜，类白血病反应，肺褐色硬化，纤维素样坏死2，选择题：老样子很简单3，简答体：肿瘤增生和非肿瘤增生的区别。

病案讨论：冠心病及其合并症有关的。

为什么说淤血总是病理性的?说出3种胃肠道的肉芽肿性炎。

说出3种病理诊断方法及其特点。

肿瘤的TNM分期，举例1个第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。

这是一个必问的问题。

考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。

下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。

大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。

销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。

不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。

我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。

”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。

四川大学华西医院2011-2015年博士研究生入学考试试题(2350生物化学)

四川大学华西医院2011-2015年博士研究生入学考试试题（2350生物化学）2015年1名词解释（40）2端粒（酶）3两性α-螺旋4GPCR5GWAS6磷酸无糖途径7长链非编码RNA8酮体9化学渗透学说10RNAi11Ubiquitination简答题（60分）1乳糖操纵子和色氨酸操纵子的调控作用2蛋白质结构与功能的关系3信号转导途径异常与疾病发生的关系，并设计一种可能的干扰手段4描述三种不同的组学研究方法及其在医药学中的应用5乙酰辅酶A在物质代谢中的重要作用6一般而言，DNA损伤对生物体都是有害的，但实质上也有有益的一面，即DNA损伤有双重效应，你如何解释这一观点。

2014年一、名词解释1 RNA splicing2 Apoptosis3 Instructs enzyme4 Stemp cell engering5 Systemic biology二、简答题1 例举关于2013年医学或生理学方面诺贝尔并说明其主要内容及自己的见解2 DNA复兴的影响因素：（1）阳离子浓度（2）温度Tm （3）DNA浓度3 计算题：酶比活性测定三、论述题1 青霉素与磺胺类药物的作用机制？2 真核生物与原核生物转录后的加工有何异同？3 对于几种人工合成底物与同一酶相结合时，酶与底物结合的亲和力大小不同，怎样说明？2013年一、名词解释（20分）1、信号肽2、前导肽3、模体4．G蛋白5.转化二简答题1. DNA复制、转录和翻译如何保真2.什么是酶抑制剂？简述有哪几种抑制剂，分别有什么特点？3.细胞信号转导三、论述题1、细胞核编码的蛋白的分选途径？2、下面三个因素是怎么影响DNA变性的：高浓度阳离子，低Tm值，高浓度的DNA？3、列出两个实验分离纯化蛋白，并说出原理，蛋白分子量和PI分别为64000、8.0； 18000、5.9； 6000、6.0。

2012年一、名词解释（20分）1、RNA splicing2、信号肽3、构型与构象4、蛋白质模体育结构域5、SiRNA二、分析简答题（32分）1、试述下列因素如何影响DNA的复性过程（1）阳离子（2）低于Tm温度（3）高浓度的DNA链2、双向电泳的原理及其应用3、重要细胞凋亡因子有哪些？其作用机制如何？4、有一种混合液含有A、B、C三种蛋白，这三种蛋白分子量，等电点如下：A 18000, 8.5；B 64000， 5.9 ；C 6000， 6.0 按分子量和等电点将其分离，纯化这三种蛋白，并列出鉴定方法。

四川大学华西医学院_重症医学2014--2017年考博真题试卷

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四川大学华西医院
2015 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：重症医学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
PCT 结果的影响因素严重高钠血症 CRRT 时的置换液配方调整近年来 SAP 治疗进展方面的
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四川大学华西医院
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：重症医学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一、名词解释肺顺应性 ECOM 重症超声创伤死亡三角 SEPSIS3.0 二、简答题 1.限制性液体治疗。 2.感染性休克患者中激素的治疗原则。三、论述题 1.重症患者的救治原则及流程 2.VAP 3.前负荷
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四川大学华西医院
2017 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：重不给分。一、名词解释 1、糖异常 2、跨肺压 3、 EGDI 4、容量反应性 5、肺顺应性 6、莱尔米特征 7、路易体痴呆二、简答题 1、重症患者识别。 2、感染性休克血管活性药物使用。 3、癫痫的用药原则。 4、黄斑回避及其机制。三、问答题重症患者镇静阵痛原则及流程，休克，肺保护性通气策略。
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pct结果的影响因素症严重高钠血症crrt时的置换液配方调整来近年来sap治疗进展方面的第1页共1页四川大学华西医院2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目
四川大学华西医院
2014 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：重症医学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。

四川大学华西医学院口腔内科学2015年考博真题试卷

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四川大学华西医学院医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：口腔内科学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。一共5个大题每题20分
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1.变异链球菌在龋病 3.慢性牙周炎的治疗现状，并评价和展望 4.患者口内多部位、大面积、不规则糜烂前来就诊，可能的5种疾病及诊断的依据 5.在口腔流行病学调查中，若想更好的了解人群的口腔健康状况，应该采取的抽样方法，抽样的年龄组以及各年龄组考虑的调查项目有哪些，并给出理由。

华西内科考试题库及答案

华西内科考试题库及答案华西内科考试题库及答案是华西医院内科学科为培养和评估医学生和医学研究生在内科领域的知识和技能而设计的一种资源工具。

它包含了一系列的内科考试题目和相应的答案，对于学习华西内科知识以及准备内科考试的人来说，是一份非常宝贵的资料。

题库的目的主要是帮助医学生和医学研究生系统地学习和复习内科知识，提供了一定的参考和指导，让学生能够更好地掌握重要的内科概念、病理生理、临床表现、鉴别诊断和治疗原则等内容。

通过做题的方式，学生可以检验自己的知识储备和理解程度，发现和弥补自身的薄弱之处，提高自己在内科领域的学习效果和应考能力。

华西内科考试题库包括了多种类型的题目，如选择题、判断题、填空题和解答题等。

选择题能够测试学生对内科知识的理解和记忆能力，判断题可帮助学生分析和判断临床情况，填空题可以测试学生对内科专业术语和基础概念的掌握程度，而解答题则要求学生具备较强的分析和综合能力，能够全面地回答复杂的内科问题。

此外，华西内科考试题库还附有详细的答案和解析，对于学生来说，这是一个极其重要的环节。

通过仔细阅读答案和解析，学生可以了解正确的答题思路和方法，理解常见错误选项的原因，掌握解题技巧和策略，加深对内科知识的理解和记忆，并提高解答问题的能力。

在使用华西内科考试题库时，建议学生按照自己的学习计划和进度，有针对性地选择并完成一定数量的题目。

可以根据自己的需求选择不同难度和范围的题目进行练习，逐步提高自己的水平。

同时，做完题目后要认真分析自己的答题情况和错误原因，找出问题所在，并在下次复习时予以改进。

综上所述，华西内科考试题库及答案是一份非常有价值的资源工具，对于学习内科知识和准备内科考试的人来说，具有重要的作用。

通过系统地学习和练习，结合答案和解析的分析，学生可以更好地掌握内科知识和技能，提高自己的应考能力和临床实践水平。

希望广大医学生和医学研究生能够充分利用这一资源，取得优秀的学习和考试成绩。