讲解-四六级翻译
四六级翻译讲义考研资料
四六级翻译讲义主讲老师：薛非一、大纲解读四级考试：要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度较低的汉语段落翻译成英语。
段落内容涉及中国文化、历史及社会发展。
译文基本准确地表达原文的意思，语句通顺，句式和用词较为恰当。
能运用基本的翻译策略。
能在半个小时内将长度为140到160个汉字的段落译成英语。
六级考试：要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度中等的汉语段落翻译成英语。
段落内容涉及中国的文化、历史及社会发展。
译文基本准确地表达原文的意思，语句流畅，句式运用恰当，用词贴切。
能较好地运用翻译策略。
能在半个小时内将长度为180到200个汉字的段落译成英语。
档次描述14分档译文准确表达了原文的意思。
译文流畅，结构清晰，用词贴切，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
11分档译文基本表达了原文的意思。
结构较为清晰，语言通顺，但有少量语言错误。
8分档译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
译文勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
5分档译文仅表达了小部分原文的意思。
译文连贯性差，有相当多的严重语言错误。
2分档除个别词语或句子，译文基本没有表达原文的意思。
二、提高方式要想提高汉英翻译，以下三点为必经之路：掌握英汉对比、学习翻译技巧、大量刻意练习。
1.形合vs.意和●语法范畴：词性、冠词、单复数、时态、语态、语气、及物、比较。
●句法范畴：英文严谨，多长难句，多指代；汉语自由，多小短句，多缺失。
金庸是著名作家。
知己知彼，百战不殆。
I won’t go until he comes.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?他走了进来，鼻子冻得通红。
小红的头发比小明长。
那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。
There’s life’s rhythm is slower than most Chinese cities.Rhythm of life there is slower than most Chinese cities’.The pace of life there is slower than that of most Chinese cities.2.被动vs.主动●英文多被动，汉语多主动与隐形被动。
英语四六级--翻译
英语四六级--翻译Unit 1焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver or the Cow Herder and the Weaver Maid封建礼教feudal ethical codes善有善报，恶有恶报Good will be rewarded with good and evil repaid with evil《山海经》Classics of Mountians and seas精卫填海Jingwei Determines to fill up the seaUnit 2饮食疗法dietotherapy or food therapy色香味color, aroma and taste美食家gourmet南甜北咸东辣西酸Sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east.中国四大菜系Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine八大菜系eight main schools of Chineses Cuisine点心Dim Sum鉴别诊断differential diagnosis礼仪之邦land of ceremony and propriety良药苦口Good medicine tastes bitter.控制阴阳失调to conterbalance the Yin-yang disequilibriumUnit 3衣食住行clothing, food, shelter and transportation曲裾curving-front robe直裾straight-front robe战国时期Warring States Period男女授受不亲to avoid close contact of the male and the female唐装Tang Costume盘扣buttonhole loop玉珮jade ornamentUnit 4道家四象the four Taoist quadrants风水先生 a geomancer皇陵the imperial mausoleum宗庙或祠堂the ancestral temple天坛the Temple of Heaven塔pagoda莫高窟the Mogao Grottoes天人合一unity of Heaven and man拙政园Humble Administrattor's Garden卢沟桥的狮子数不清The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountableUnit 5世界遗产名录List of World Heritage金丝猴golden snub-nosed monkey人间仙境Fairy Land on Earth五岳Five Sacred Mountains有眼不识泰山One who fails to recognize a somebody has been compared to a person unable to see Mt.Tai.稳如泰山as stable as Mt. Tai会当凌绝顶，一览众山小Only by ascending Mt. Tai will you find how dwarfish all mountains under heaven are.五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳I find it no longer worth my while to look at a mountain after visiting the five sacred mountains. No longer do I find it worth my while to look at the sacred five after returning from Huangshan.四川大熊猫自然保护区Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries云南三江并流Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas国家风景区National seenic area桂林山水甲天下The scenery in Guilin is unparalleled in the world( or topped all under heaven)阳朔山水甲桂林The montains and waters in Yangshuo are even better than those in GuilinUnit 6烽火台beacon tower天下第一关the World’s First Pass故宫the Palace Museum（the Forbidden City）秦始皇陵Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor《史记》The Historical Records兵马俑Terra cotta legions释迦牟尼Sakyamuni（皇帝）登基ascend the throne腐败无能的政府corrupt and impotent government天圆地方round Heaven and square EarthUnit 7春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节Tomb Sweeping Day or the Clear Bright Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Festival泼水节Water Sprinkling Festival那达慕the Nadam Fair火把节the Torch Festival阴历the lunar calendar公历Gregorian calendar年糕sticky cakes红包lucky money in little red envelopes春联spring couplets年画New Year pictures舞狮Lion Dances闰月an intercalary month年饭the New Year feast元宵glutinous rice dumplings stuffed with various sweet fillings赛龙舟dragon boat races粽子pyramid-shaped dumplings with glutinous rice吉祥话auspicious messages秋分the autumn equinox月饼moon cake《易经》I-Ching (the Book of Changes)登高节Height Ascending Festival赏菊enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum中国生肖the Chinese zodiac五行the Five Elements算命fortune telling护身符talismans相手术palmistry相面face reading皇道吉日之类的almanacs红色等同于财富Red is synonymous with wealth.火化cremation避邪to avoid epidemies七夕节the Double Seventh Festival礼轻情意重 A gift may be insignificant, but it carries tremendous friendshipUnit 8绢花silk flower漆器lacquer wares景泰蓝cloisonné enamel青铜器bronze wares唐三彩the Tang tricolor ceramics盆景bonsai司线戊方鼎Simuwu Quadripod陶器earthenware新石器时代the Neolithic Age刺绣embroidery钟鼎文inscription甲骨文tortoise shell script青花瓷the blue and white porcelainUnit 9岁寒三友three friends of winter君子四艺the four skills of a learned scholar to pursue挂轴hanging scroll工笔画gongbi or meticulous brushwork山水画landscape painting国粹quintessence of Chinese culture小篆the Small Seal Script隶书the Official Script草书the Cursive Script行书the Running Script楷书the Regular Script文房四宝four treasures of the study花鸟图flower and bird painting出淤泥而不染come out of the mire without being sneared Unit 10《赵氏孤儿》An Orphan of the Zhao Family《15贯》Fifteen Strings of Coppers《空城计》The Ruse of an Empty City《白蛇传》The Story of a White Snake《贵妃醉酒》The Drunken Concubine《岳母刺字》Yuefei’s Mother Tattooing His Back《打渔杀家》Fisherman’s Revenge《二进宫》Entering the Palace for the Second Time《霸王别姬》Farewell My Concubine《群英会》Gathering of Heroes《乌盆记》The Story of the Black Basin《宝莲灯》The Lotus Lantern《智取威虎山》Takeover of Tiger Mountain四大名旦Four Major Dan Roles梵语SanskritUnit 11中医TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)望observation闻auscultation and olfaction问interrogation切pulse feeling and palpation经络channels or meridian中草药herbal medicine针灸acupuncture艾灼moxibustion拔罐cupping推拿massage刮痧guasha五行相生结构：金水木火土The Generating cycleMetal produces water, water nourishes wood, wood fuels fire, fire makes earth, earth yields metal.五行相克结构：金木土水火The Regulating CycleMetal can cut wood, wood can contain earth, earth can absorb water, water can extinguish fire, fire can melt metalUnit 15九歌Nine Songs木兰辞the Ballad of Mulan《西厢记》The West Chamber《诗经》The Book of Songs《离骚》Lament of Encountering Sorrow or Sorrow after departure《孔雀东南飞》Southeast the peacock flies《全唐诗》The complete Anthology of the Tang Dynasty初唐四杰the four preeminent poets of the early Tang Dynasty诗仙the Immortal of Poems诗圣Sage of the Poems山水田园诗人pastoral poets边塞诗人frontier poets熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。
大学英语四六级翻译详解
二.核心语法
这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法
考题部分考点的重现和转移,大家务必要 重视。尽管词汇单选题现在不考了,但还 是不能忽视这部分题目,因为考点是一致 的。核心语法考点有虚拟语气、倒装结 构、从句、非谓语动词等。
3. (2009年12月) The more exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold (你越不 大可能得感冒).
解析：由题干中的 The more可知， 所译部分要用 “the + 比较级”结构.另外还有两个固定短语 be likely to do sth. 和catch a cold.
recommend, urge, insist,等表示要求、建议、命令等意思 的词后面跟的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”
3. (2010年6月) It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be fixed/installed by the window (要安装在窗户旁)。
2. (2009年12月) Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers (与消费者不 断增长的需求保持同步).
解析：此处考一个固定短语“与…保持同步”。 “不断增长的” 也可用constantly rising/growing.
6. (2009年6月) If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary _w_o_u_ld_n_’t__h_av_e__b_ee_n__ca_u_g_h_t_b_y_t_h_e_r_a_in___(就不
大学英语四六级段落翻译--Poverty Relief
China has the second largest number of poor people in the world, only after India. Although the overall living standard in China is rising, the gaps between rural areas and metropolises, and the coastal area in East China and inland area remain strikingly obvious. China is one of the most unevenly developing countries in Asia. Although the majority of Chinese feel that they have a higher living standard than their parents, there are rising concerns over inequality corruption and consumer rights protection. China is relentlessly working hard to fix these problems so as to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.
英语四级翻译附答案和讲解
英语四级翻译附答案和讲解英语四级翻译附答案和讲解1：在中国,琴(qin)是所有中国乐器中最令人尊敬的，它大约有5000年的历史。
早在战国时期的孔子时代，古琴(guqin)已成为才子们必弹的乐器。
古琴数千年来一直与才子(gifted scholar)们的生活密切相关。
他们弹奏古琴来表达自己的情感和梦想。
古琴甚至已经超越了音乐的范畴，成为了良好人格的象征。
大量古琴杰作被保存了下来，组成了中国音乐巨大的、有价值的音乐集锦。
参考翻译:In China, qin is the most respectable of all Chinese musical instruments,and it has a histoiy ofabout 5,000 years.As early as the age of Confucius in the Warring States Period, guqin hasalready been the must-play musical instrument for gifted scholars.Guqin is closely associatedwith life of gifted scholars for thousands of years.They play this instrument to express theiremotions and dreams.Guqin has even already surpassed the scope of music,and become thesymbol of good personality.A large number of guqin masterpieces were left,which form thehuge and valuable collection of Chinese music.1.在中国，琴是所有中国乐器中最令人尊敬的，它大约有5000年的历史：“最令人尊敬的”可译为themost respectable，respectable表示“值得尊敬的”respectful意为“对人尊敬的”，respected表示“受人尊敬的”;“有...的历史”可译为 have a histoiy of。
四六级中成语翻译
(一)并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences(二) 语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law(三) 目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one(四) 途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business(五) 偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented(六) 动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses(七) 条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression (八) 省略意象瞻前顾后over cautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。
英语翻译——四六级
京剧是中国的国粹，也是招待外宾必不可少的项目。
Peking Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture. As such, it has become a must-see item to entertain foreign guests.然而作为一门古老的艺术，京剧却有着难以被现代人接受的元素。
As a traditional art form, Peking Opera has problems in appealing to today’s theater-goers.它缓慢而单调。
京剧服装和脸谱反而更受人们喜爱。
It is very slow and monotonous. Its costumes and facial masks are more attractive.戏服是以明代服饰的样式作为基础的，色彩艳丽。
袖口处的两块长长的白绸在舞动的时候有一种美感。
There is a very distinct Ming Dynasty influence on Peking Opera costumes. They are very colorful and majestic（庄严的，宏伟的）. Two long pieces of white silk at the end of the sleeves creates a graceful feeling during dancing.京剧脸谱可以展现不同人物性格。
京剧脸谱的颜色可以反映出一个人物的忠奸。
Facial masks can reflect the qualities of different characters. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of their masks.比如黑色代表正直，白色代表奸人，黄色代表勇敢，蓝、绿色代表绿林好汉。
四六级翻译
1. 木版年画 (wood engraving picture) 是一种传统民间艺术 , 是自雕版印刷术 (block printing) 发明以后至近代印刷术出现之前最富特色的图画传播形式,至今仍在民间流传。
挂木版年画是春节一系列庆祝活动的一项重要内容。
它来源于中国古代的门神，其题材极其广泛。
作为独特的民间艺术 ,木版年画的艺术表现力与众不同。
在创作上,木版年画不受时间和空间的限制。
在技法上 ,木版年画继承了我国传统的勾线 (sketching) 技法。
Woodcut New Year pictures is a kind of traditional folk art, after engraving printing was invented to modern printing before the advent of the most characteristic form of picture transmission, to now is still in the folk wisdom. Hang a woodcut New Year pictures is the Spring Festival series of celebration - important content. It comes from the ancient Chinese goalkeeper ， its subject matter is extremely broad. As a unique folk art, wood version of New Year pictures of different artistic expression. On the creation, wood version of New Year pictures is not restricted by time and space. On techniques, wood pictures inherited the cancel of the traditional Chinese techniques2. 阴历 (lunar calendar) 丿八月十五是中国两大传统节日之一的中秋节(另一个是春节 )。
大学英语六级考试汉译英翻译技巧
大学英语六级考试汉译英翻译技巧正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,但如果不能兼顾,则可取意义、舍形式。
许多普通的词往往有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义更加难以确定。
选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。
下面是作者精心整理的大学英语六级考试汉译英翻译技巧,欢迎阅读与收藏。
技巧1：词的翻译针对四六级翻译中的词语,重点讲解三种方法:增译法、减译法和词类转译法。
1. 增译法增译法根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时需要增加必要的词、短语或句子,从而使译文更为准确、流畅。
语法的需要由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语里省略的词语或缺失的表示语法结构的词,使译文更加符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯。
汉译英的增译法通常包括增补冠词、介词、代词以及连接词。
增补冠词增补介词增补代词增补连接词语义的需要相对英语而言,汉语在意思表达上往往比较笼统；英语则更加精确、严密和明晰。
所以在汉译英时,需要增加一些在汉语中可以忽略,但在英语中因语义需要而无法省略的词语。
文化背景解释的需要在翻译文化色彩浓厚且不易被译文读者所理解的词语时,需要使用增译法,把相关的文化背景知识翻译出来。
2. 减译法与词的增补情况相反,原文中有些词语从译文的角度来看往往是多余的,可以或必须删去,不然会造成文章冗余、意思含糊等弊病。
减译法要以不改变原文的内容为前提。
在不影响原文整体意思的情况下,可以适当删减一些词语,使译文更加简洁、流畅。
汉语中意思重复的词汉语中一些表示范畴的词汉语中重复出现的词3. 词类转译法在翻译过程中,译者可以根据译入语的规范,把原句中某种词类的词转换成另一种词类的词,即我们常说的词类转换。
汉语具有动态性和具体性的特点,常使用动词。
而英语具有静态性和抽象性的特点,多使用名词和介词。
所以在英译时,要对汉语中的某些动词进行转译,使译文更符合英语的表达习惯。
大学英语四六级英语翻译语言知识整理
大学英语四六级汉译英韩中元⊙编著语言知识整理册一、主语选择1.formerly agricultural society 从前的农业社会2.the 12th month of the lunar calendar 腊月3.The happiness new-year celebration pervades the streets. 街头充满了过年的气氛4.seek relief from previous year’s weariness with entertainment 借着各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳5.new year scrolls 春联6.rhythmic words give encouragement 优美的词句提供了勉励7.Long distance never separate close friends. 相知无远近，万里尚为邻。
8.linked and intertwined by mountains and rivers 山水相连9.build a splendid Asian civilization 铸就灿烂的亚洲文明10.The ancient Silk Road recorded/witnessed great chapters in the history of exchange between China and Europe in previous millennia. 古老的“丝绸之路”谱写了中欧往来千年的美好篇章11.march into a brand-new era of cooperation and mutual benefit 互利合作正在步入一个全新的阶段12.devote itself to building dynamic, stable and long-term cooperation in various fields 发展富有活力长期稳定的全面合作关系13.in a concerted effort 相互支持14.attain a brighter future 共创美好的未来15.Euro-Asian cooperation 亚欧合作16.quadrangle courtyard 四合院17.ancient family hierarchy 家庭成员的的长幼有序18.principal room 正房19.wing-room 厢房20.seniority 辈分21.boast 自夸22.entrant 参加者23.solemnity 庄严24.nobleness 高贵25.westernize 西化26.preserve their good traditional ways of living 生活方式保持着过去的优良传统27.cultural desert 文化沙漠28.diversified 多样化的29.rank among the top 名列前茅30.be attributed to造就，归因于31.cultural setting 文化氛围32.film-making 电影制作33.have an extensive influence among 在……之中有广泛影响34.art carnival 艺术嘉年华35.provide a broad stage for 提供广泛的平台36.exhibit one’s originality 展示某人的独特性37.get involved in the production of cultural and art works 参与艺术文化创作38.foster innovation and breakthrough for... 为……作出创新和贡献39.the prosperity of... ……的繁荣二、无主句的翻译1.numerous volumes of literature 浩如烟海的文化典籍2.approach...from different angles 从许多不同的视角来看……3.It’s necessary/essential/imperative/important to// There’s a necessity 必须……4.Chinese ancients 古人5.run one’s families 把自己的家治理好6.work for the country 替国家做事7.the union of a man and a woman 一男一女的结合8.the foundation of society 社会的基础9.be treated with solemnity 把……当作很庄重的事10.without the least rashness 一点也不马虎11.marriage arrangements 婚姻12.choose one’s spouse 选择对象13.match maker 媒人14.with the assent of 由……同意，征求……同意15.the adoption of the reform and opening up policy 改革开放16.witness tremendous changes which attracted worldwide attention 变化之大令世人瞩目17.stable social order 社会秩序稳定18.peaceful and contended life for its people 人民安居乐业19.present a scene of great prosperity 呈现出一篇繁华景象20.have many remnants of its colorful past for people to ponder over 有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味21.ever-changing outlook 日新月异的面貌22.fill people with great admiration 令人折服23.exhibit glorious past 展示光辉岁月24.unfold its bright future 展现美的前景25.the rising sun 红日26.shine with boundless radiance and brilliant color 光芒四射，鲜艳夺目27.invite experts to advise them in feng shui principles 请人看风水28.seem to be superstitious 看似迷信29.somehow make sense 并非没有道理30.mar the harmony of nature 破坏大自然的和谐31.blend into nature 与大自然融为一体32.feel confined in cages 感觉被关在笼子里33.live in serene nature 生活在宁静的大自然里34.face the south 坐北朝南35.have warm sunshine in winter and cool breezes in summer 接受冬天的阳光和夏日的清风36.be comfortable for accommodation 住在里面很舒服37.One prospers in worries and hardships, while perishing in ease and comfort. 生于忧患，死于安乐。
大学英语四六级翻译新题型精讲
大学英语四六级翻译新题型精讲目录大学英语四六级翻译新题型精讲 (1)Unit 1 无主句 (2)①被动语态 (3)②增添主语 (4)③动词短语 (5)④特殊句型 (6)Unit 2主语的选择 (8)①名词特性 (8)②搭配合理 (8)③主题突出 (9)④注意尾重 (10)⑤注意连贯 (11)Unit 3 时态语态 (13)动词的时态 (13)动词的语态 (16)Unit 1 无主句E C①形合意合冬天到了，春天还远吗？If winter comes, can spring be far behind?C→E 合E C②静态动态…that we here highly resolve that these dead shall nothave died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall havea new birth of freedom--and that government of thepeople, by the people, for the people, shall not perishfrom the earth.E C③省略重复moral graveHistories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.E C④前重心后重心不是每一次努力都会有收获，但是，每一次收获都必须努力，这是一个不公平的不可逆转的命题。
（张爱玲）It is an unfair yet irreversible truth that not every effort is rewarded yet every rewardrequires effort.坚持保护环境的基本国策，深入实施可持续发展战略；坚持预防为主、综合治理，全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题；坚持创新体制机制，依靠科技进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。
四六级翻译热点
1.故宫是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的帝王宫殿建筑群。
它位于北京的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。
明朝的十四个皇帝和清朝的十个皇帝曾在这里居住，他们统治中国的时间长达491年。
故宫始建于明朝永乐四年，历经15年方才建成，迄今已有570多年的历史。
它占地72万多平方米，四周有各类宫殿房屋9900余间。
故宫的建筑集中地体现了中国古代建筑艺术的精湛水平和民族特色。
Forbidden City is the world’S largest and best preserved imperial palace complex．It is located in the center of Beijing，and served as the Palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties．emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty once lived here．They ruled China for up to 49 1 years in total．Construction of the Imperial Palace started in the 4th year of Yongle reign of Ming Dynasty, and it took 15 years to finish the construction．It has been standing there for more than 570 years by now．The complex covers more than 720，000 square meters，with more than 9．900 rooms in the surroundin9．Sophisticated art of ancient Chinese architecture and national wisdom is integrated in the buildings of the Imperial Palace．2. 许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则担心他们的未来。
四级翻译真题讲解
3.要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。
欣赏 enjoy/appreciate 宏伟壮丽 magnificence；majestic and imposing view spectacular/magnificent view 通常 in most cases; normally; generally; usually; 向上看 look upward
5.黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之 一。
湿润气候 moist/humid climate 有利于 help；facilitate；be favorable for 主要的 major；main；cheif 产茶地 tea-growing region；tea-producing region；tea producer
江苏省北部
2.它风景独特，尤以日出和云海著称。 风景
scenery/landscape 日出
sunrise 云海
seas of clouds 尤
especially/particularly 以。。。著称
be well known for/be famous for
2.它风景独特，尤以日出和云海著称。
旅游 tourism 目的地 destination 摄影 photography 国画 Chinese painting
7.黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最 受欢迎的主题。
主题 subject；theme；subject matter 最受欢迎的主题 the most popular/frequent subject
四六级英语词汇
四六级英语词汇A.- abandon [əˈbændən] vt. 遗弃；放弃；放纵。
- ability [əˈbɪləti] n. 能力；才能。
B.- back [bæk] n. 后面；背部；靠背； adv. 向后地；以前； vt. 支持；后退；背书。
- bad [bæd] adj. 坏的；严重的；劣质的。
C.- call [kɔːl] v. 呼叫；称呼；召集； n. 电话；呼叫；要求。
- can [kæn, kən] aux. 能；能够；可以；可能； n. 罐头；（用金属或塑料制作的）容器。
D.- day [deɪ] n. 一天；时期；白昼。
- do [duː, du, də] v. 做；干；进行；从事（用于构成疑问句和否定句）E.- each [iːtʃ] adj. 每；各自的； pron. 每个；各自。
- ear [ɪə(r)] n. 耳朵；听觉；穗。
F.- face [feɪs] n. 脸；表面；面子； v. 面对；面向；朝。
- game [ɡeɪm] n. 游戏；比赛；猎物； adj. 勇敢的。
- get [ɡet] vt. 得到；抓住；说服；受到（惩罚等）H.- hand [hænd] n. 手；协助；手艺； vt. 传递；交给。
- have [hæv, həv] aux. 已经； vt. 有；让；拿；从事。
I.- ice [aɪs] n. 冰；冰淇淋；冷淡； vt. 冰镇；结冰。
- idea [aɪˈdɪə] n. 想法；主意；概念。
J.- job [dʒəʊb] n. 工作；职业；职责。
K.- keep [kiːp] vt. 保持；经营；遵守；饲养； vi. 保持；继续不断。
L.- land [lænd] n. 国土；陆地；地面； vt. 使…登陆；使…陷于；将…卸下。
- large [lɑːdʒ] adj. 大的；多数的；广博的。
《四级翻译讲解》课件
在翻译长句时，需要进行适当的断句和重组，确保译文符合目标语言的语法规则和表达习惯。同时， 需要注意长句中的逻辑关系和层次结构，避免出现语意混淆或表述不清的情况。
03
常见翻译错误分析
选词错误
总结词
选词错误是翻译中常见的问题，由于对词汇含义理解不准确或使用不当，导致译文出现 偏差。
详细描述
在进行翻译时，应充分理解原文含义，选择最符合语境的词汇进行表达。对于一词多义 的情况，需要根据上下文和语境进行判断和选择。同时，要注意词汇的搭配和习惯用法
理解原文，准确翻译
总结词
准确理解原文是翻译的基础。
详细描述
考生需要具备扎实的语言基础，包括词汇、语法和阅读 理解能力，能够准确理解原文的含义和语境，确保翻译 的准确性。
语言通顺，表达地道
总结词
语言通顺、表达地道是翻译的追求。
详细描述
考生在翻译时需要注意语言表达的流畅性和地道性， 尽可能避免语法错误和生硬的语言表达，使译文更加 自然、流畅。
中式英语
总结词
中式英语是指由于受到母语影响，在翻译过 程中出现的不符合目标语言习惯的表达方式 。
详细描述
在进行翻译时，应尽量摆脱母语的干扰，遵 循目标语言的表达习惯和规范。对于可能产 生中式英语的地方，要进行适当的调整和修 改，使译文更加自然流畅。同时，可以多阅 读目标语言的原文和优秀译文，提高自己的 语言敏感度和表达能力。
提高翻译速度
总结词
提高翻译速度是应对考试的重要能力。
详细描述
考生需要通过大量的练习和积累，提高自己的翻译速度 ，确保在考试有限的时间内完成所有题目的翻译。同时 ，也需要注重翻译的质量和准确性，不要因为追求速度 而牺牲了翻译的质量。
四六级传统文化翻译
四六级传统文化翻译1.对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼，蛇，马，牛等动物与云雾，雷电等自然现象集合而成的一种神物中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞，开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Dragon totem worship in china has been around for the past 8,000 years. The ancients in china considered the dragon a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lighting and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.2.秧歌是中国汉族一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。
秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。
在农历春节，元宵节等节日期间，人们以旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌表演。
近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌来保持健康。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China .It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes,and the performance is powerful and rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival ,Lantein Festival ,if people hear the soundof drum and gong ,no matter how cold the weather is, they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko.Recently years ,the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves ;the team members keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole years.a 3.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。
四六级翻译技巧
1、词类转换英语语言的一个很重要的特点,就是词类变形和词性转换,尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换.［例］她的书给我们的印象很深.译文：Her book impressed us deeply.批注：在这里汉语中的名词需转化成英语中的动词"impress".2、语态转换语态分为被动语态和主动语态,汉语中主动语态出现频率较高,而与之相反,姆此中被动语态的使用率较高.因此考生在译时.要注意语态之间的转换.［例］这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤.译文：The little girl was hurt on her way to school.批注：这里,“受了伤〞的主动语态转换为"was hurt"的被动语态.3、正反表达正反表达翻逢可以分为两种情况：1.汉语从正面表达时,英语从反面表达.小编简称为“汉正英反〞.2.汉语从反面表达时,译文从正面表达.小编简称为“汉反英正〞.［例］他的演讲不充实.译文：His speech is pretty thin.批注：以上用法属于“汉反英正〞的用法.4、语序变换为了适应英文的修辞防止歧义,有时需要对原文的语序进行调整.5、增词法在译段落时.为了能充分的表达原文含义,以求达意,译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅.［例］虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后.译文：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.批注：中间加上了增连词whereas, 以使西吐的句子表达更加有逻辑性.6、减词法英语的表达倾向简洁.汉语比拟喜欢重复.重复,作为一种汉语修辞方法, 在某种场合下,重复的表达一个意思,是为了强调,增强语气.为了有更强的节奏感和押韵,汉语中也经常会出现排比句.考生在译这些句子时,为了符合英文表达的逻辑,就要有所删减或省略.［例］这是革命的春天,这是人民的春天,这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂,热烈拥抱这个春天吧！译文：Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.批注：如遇到重复的汉语排比句,汉译英时记得遵守其正的逻辑表达,用定语从句来fW,使英文句子读起来也朗朗上口.四六级译中最常用到的就是分句法与合句法,下面我们重点来讲解一下这两个方法. 很多情况下,译句子的时候.需要调整原来的句子结构,分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法.所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子.所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句.7、合句法把汉语内容关系密切的两个句子甚至更多句子合译为英语的一句就是合句译法.翻逢时,既可以合译为一个主从句,也可合译为成分较为复杂 (如包含非谓语动词等)的简单句.其优点在于不仅用词不多,而且句子显得流畅.合句译法的方法主要有：(1)在关联词处合译［例］每去一次,我的药量就减少一些,最后医生告诉我说,不必再服药了.With each visit ) the dose of medicine prescribed to mewould be progressively reduced until the time came when the doctor said that I would no longer need them.这句话的后半局部表示的是结果,在译时用一个定语从句the time came when the doctor said thatIwould no longer need them 将其连接起来.(2)按内容连贯合译［例］老年人有长处,但也有很大的弱点,老年人容易固执,因此老年人也要有点自觉性.Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses--they tend to be stubborn ) for example--and they should be aware of that.原文的几个短句可被分为两个局部, 后面一局部补充说明前面一局部的“弱点〞.使用破折号可以简单明了地表达出补充说明的关系.(3)从主语变换处合译［例］不注意眼睛的休息,长时间近距离用眼或长期的不正确姿势,会使人眼处于视疲劳状态,进而形成近视眼.If they are used for a long time without rest ) or kept close to the object or with your body in an improper posture , your eyes will be in a stateof visual fatigue ) which will gradually lead to nearsightedness.8、分句法汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句.这种句10子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯.如果采用分译,那么会使译文简洁、易懂、层次清楚.(1)从主语变换处断句［例］与会者对这个问题的观点差异太大,以致发生了争吵,一时会场的气氛紧张起来.The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other.The atmosphere at the11 meeting became tense at the moment.(2)从关联词(如转折处)断句［例］昨天出了好几起交通事故,或许是由于有大雾的缘故吧！There were several traffic accidents yesterday.Maybe it is because of the heavy fog.(3)从意义完整、独立处断句［例］一转眼,20年就这样过去了, 回首往事,是幸福,还是惆怅,恐怕连自己也难以搞清.12Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye.When looking back, I ' m afraid that we won ' t know what we can find in the past ) happiness or sadness(4)原文出现总说或分述时要断句［例］我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：由于我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户的需要.The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.13Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.(5)为了强调语气而采用断句［例］我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一,有关的政策,也是众所周知和不会改变的,并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎.We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.Our policyin this regard is also known to all and will not change.The desire for peaceful reunification of the14 motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.面列举了30个常用的句型,路过的童鞋们快来看看是否已经掌握了呢？1)It is + 形容词 + thatIt is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色.2)It is + 形容词 + to do/ doing15She had said what it was necessary to say.她已经说了一切有必要说的话.3)祈使句/名词+ and/ orWork hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作,你就能实现自己的目标.4) as+many/ much +名词 + asIt is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.16 据说,游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半.5〕倍数词+ as +形容词+ asThe reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个水库的面积是十年前三倍. 6〕倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.17吸烟对人体健康的危害极大,每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍.7）〔not〕 as/ so…as 〔和....... 〔不〕一样〕The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重.8）no more...than 〔与 ....... ——样不〕She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.18 一个女学生固然不宜当经理,她也同样不宜.9）Nothing is more...than 〔没有比……更……的；……是最……的〕Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事.10〕感官动词+ of+名词They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞.1911）without/ not so much as〔甚至没有)Disappointed with her husband ) Mary lefthome without so much as looking back at him 出于对丈夫的失望,玛丽离开了家, 甚至都没有回头看他一眼.12）may/ might as well (…as)(与其……还不如……)One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里.2013）too...to 〔太....... 而不能极其地〕It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居,这可不是个明智的决定.14）only to find/ see 〔结果却；没想到会〕He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay eggs at all.21为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡,他几乎倾家荡产,没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋. 15）It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that 〔毫无疑问, 〕There is no doubt that war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.毫无疑问,如果我们肯认真和谈就能防止战争.16）rather than 〔而不是... 〕22Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness )weshould focus on the improvement of ourselves.我们应该集中精力改善自我,而不是追求金钱的享乐.17）not... until (直到 .......... 才)We can t release the film until we have theapproval from the authority concerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影.18）so/ such (…)that (如此♦…以至于)23With the rumor spreading fast, their anxiety was such that they could not sleep/they became so anxious that they could not sleep.在谣言迅速散播的情况下,他们焦虑异常,无法人睡.19）(The) chances are that (很巨能……) Chances are that she has already known it, and there is no need for us to keep the secret.她很可能已经知道了,所以我们没有必要再保守这个秘密.2420）It occurred to sb. that然想到・・・・・・)It had never occurred toCinderella she would become a princess someday.辛德瑞拉从来没有想到她会成为一位王妃.21）not…but... (不是.... 而是……)To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.25 让我们失望的是,这个方案带来的不是进步而是破坏.〔突22）It is taken for granted that 〔……被认为是理所当然的〕It has been taken for granted that women should take on all the housework.多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的.23）It is/ was said that 〔据说〕It is said that man is the least biologically determined species of all because he possesses26features absent in other natural species.据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种,由于人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性. 24）When it comes to... 〔提及,当提到... 的时候〕When it comes to physics, I know nothing.谈到物理学,我一无所知.25）be not much of a... 〔是个不太好的... 〕27Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.麦克不是个好老师,由于他总是从一 个话题跳转到另一个话题.26） As far as sb. /sth. is concerned (就 MW, 在来)As far as I am concerned, fashion belongs to women.在我看来,时尚是属于女性的.Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.27) not only...but 而且 .... )also (不但 28莎士比亚不仅是一位伟大的剧作家而且是一位才华横溢的诗人.28）(n) either...(n) or... (既不……也不……；或者……或者……)Liking neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.他既不喜欢故事情节也不喜欢背景音乐,所以在电影院里睡着了.2929）no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when 〔刚 .............. 就 ... 〕I had hardly opened the door when he rushedin.我刚开门他就冲进来了.30）the more ・・ the more 〔越..... 越... 〕The faster a country ' s economy develops, the slower its population grows.一个国家的经济开展越快,它的人口增长就越慢.30。
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★考点归纳▪（一）句法考查1、虚拟语气2、非谓语动词(分词、不定式、动名词)3、从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)4、特殊结构（强调句型、倒装句）5、情态动词▪（二）短语考查（一）句法考查1、虚拟语气a. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中2006年6月24日新题型真题The professor required that ______ (我们交研究报告)。
Key: we hand in / turn in our research report(s)wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气：☆对过去的虚拟：过去完成式He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ____ (当时在那里).Key: had been there☆对现在的虚拟：一般过去式Sometimes I wish I _____ (生活在) in a different time and a different place.Key: were living☆对将来的虚拟：would + 动词原形b.虚拟语气用于It is adj./n.that 结构中It is essential that these application forms ______ (尽早寄出去).Key: be sent as early as possible此结构的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, elementary, essential, important, incredible, vital, obligatory, strange, urgent, crucial,compulsory, necessary, etc. 它们多半表示“重要性”“必要性”和“合适性”，有较强的建议命令和规劝色彩此结构的名词包括:a pity, a shame, no wonder thatc. 虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中The suggestion that the mayor _____ (颁奖) was accepted by everyone.Key : (should) present / award the prizes类似的名词有：advice, decision, demand, order, instruction, command, motion, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion等表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪的名词d. 虚拟语气用于状语从句中1) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______ (伤害自己). Key: (should) injure himself2) He was punished lest he ____________ (再犯同样的错误).Key: (should) make the same mistakes againlest 或for fear that 引导的目的状语从句，用should + 动词原形。
She hurried to school ___________ (生怕迟到).Key: for fear that she (should) be late for class但in case 引导的目的状语从句，不一定用should + 动词原形，可以用陈述语气。
Give me your telephone number, ______________ (以便我需要你的帮助).Key: in case I need your helpTake the umbrella with you ______ (万一下雨).Key: in case it rains比较：The games will be postponed in case it snows.The games will be postponed in case it should snow.注：in case it snows比in case it should snow可能性大些e.虚拟语气用于某些特定结构中▲If onlyLook at the terrible situation I am in! If only I __________ (听从了你的建议).Key: had followed your advice与wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气一样：对过去的虚拟：过去完成式对现在的虚拟：一般过去式对将来的虚拟：would + 动词原形▲ would rather + 从句I’d rather you __________ (不带那些重要文件) with you.Key: didn’t take those important documents历年考题：1) You don’t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you went on business first.2) I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.3) Frankly speaking, I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.4) Wouldn’t you rather your child went to bed early?5) The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.▲ It’s (high) time that 从句All of us agree that it’s time_____________ (我们采取相应的行动).Key: we took proper actionIt’s (high) time that +主语+过去时It’s (high) time that +主语+should +V.例：It’s time that you had a class.It’s time that you should have a class.可用It’s time for sb. to do sth.代替It’s time (for you) to have a class.注：用should+V.时, should不可省，但不如过去式普通2.非谓语动词——分词、动名词、不定式1) __________ (求职面试之后), you will be required to take a language test.Key: After being interviewed for the job2) _________ (这么多董事缺席), the board meeting had to be put off.Key: So many directors being absent3) What a lovely party! It’s worth ____ (终身铭记).Key: remembering all my life4) As a public relation officer, he is said ________ (认识一些很有影响力的人).Key: to know some very influential people5) If the building project _______ (需要在月底完工的) is delayed, the construction company willbe fined.Key: to be completed by the end of this month只接动名词的动词admit, anticipate, avoid, appreciate, delay, deny, escape, mind, quit, recommend, resist, suggest, miss, practise, favour, imagine, dislike, finish, etc.只接动名词的固定结构be busy (in), be engaged in,, can’t help/ stand, resist, feel like, give up, have a good time, have difficulty/ trouble (in), keep/ prevent/ stop sb. from, put off, spend t ime (in), It’s no use, There is no use/need (in), be proud of, etc.2006年6月24日新题型真题Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _______(找到去历史博物馆的路).Key: finding the way to the history museum带介词to的短语后接动名词abandon oneself to（纵情于）, be addicted to（成瘾）, stick to（坚持）, admit to（承认，坦白）, confess to(承认), give one’s mind to（全神贯注于）, yield to（屈服，让步）, lead to, look forward to, object to, devote one’s life to, be/get used to, be accustomed to, etc.接不定式作宾语的动词want, afford, attempt, choose, expect, offer, happen, hesitate, pretend, proceed, resolve, seek, threaten, volunteer, wish, aim, determine, manage, decide etc.3.从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)a. 名词性从句1) We agreed to accept _________ (任何他们认为最好的) tourist guide.Key: whoever they thought was the best2) In some countries, ___________ (所谓的平等) does not really mean equal rights for all people. Key: what is called equalityb. 定语从句1) _____ (正如所料), the response to the question was very mixed.Key: As had been expected2) The British are not so familiar with different cultures and customs, ____ (正如经常发生在其他国家的情况一样).Key: as is often the case in other countries3) All _______(合理的) is not necessarily practicable.Key: that is reasonable关系代词只用that不用which的情况：当先行词是all, anything, everything, none, nothing, something 等代词时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被the very/same, the only, few, little, much, one of 等修饰时先行词既有人又有物时，宜用thatc. 状语从句1) No sooner _________ (我们一到山顶) than we all sat down to rest.Key: had we reached the top of the hillPattern: no sooner had… than+陈述句语序hardly/barely/scarcely had… when +陈述句语序2) _____ (家也许很简陋), there’s no place like home, wherever he may go.Key: Humble as it may be (as引导的让步状语从句)3）_________ (尽管她很富有), she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.Key: Wealthy/Rich as she is状语从句的特殊引导词◎ Now ___________ (既然你熟悉了) the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.Key: that you are familiar with (now that 由于，既然注：其中that可省)◎ Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in ____________ (因为它有助于) find and correct our mistakes.Key: that it helps to (`in that 因为)◎He handled the instrument with care for fear that________(生怕把它弄坏)Key: he break it/ it be broken◎The radio was of ________ (这么差的质量) that I took it back and asked for a better one. Key: such poor / inferior quality◎He will surely finish the job on time as ____ (只要让他用自己的方式去做).Key: long as he’s left/allowed to do it in his own way◎____________ (政府才能有效运行) unless it is free from such interference.Key: Government can’t work efficiently(注意中英文的差别)◎I’m sure he is up to the job, if ____________ (只要他肯用心).Key: only he would give his mind to it◎ We should be able to do the job quickly, ____ that _________ (如果你给我们) the necessary information.Key: providing / provided; you give us◎Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ____________ (即使那意味着要排一整夜的队). Key: even if it means standing in a queue all night◎Even _________ (虽然惩罚是不公平的), Helen accepted it without complaint.Key: though the punishment was unjust/ unfaireven if 和even thoughEven if 即使，纵使，有强烈的假设性例：Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, yet she still loves him.)Even though 尽管，虽然，以该句的内容为前提，是事实。