土力学词汇英文翻译

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土力学专业英语词汇

Retaining WallA retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. The active pressure increases on the retaining wall proportionally from zero at the upper grade level to a maximum value at the lowest depth of the wall. The total pressure or thrust may be assumed to be acting through the centroid of the triangular distribution pattern, one-third above the base of the wall.Stability of Retaining walls(a) sliding of the wall outwards from the retaining soil,(b) overturning of the retaining wall about its toe,(c) foundation bearing failure(d) larger scale slope or other failure in the surrounding soil.Retaining wall design has long been carried out with the aid of either the Rankine or Coulomb theories of earth pressure.Water loadWave loadsFluid pressurehydrostatic pressure (Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces ) Ice Loadsiceberg impacts (流冰冲击力)Wind LoadCharacteristic value of wind load (风荷载标准值)vertical to building surfacePrincipal load-bearing structuresDynamic effect factor of wind (风振系数)at a height of Z;Shape factor of wind loadExposure factor for wind pressureReference wind pressureRecurrence interval of wind pressure(重现期)Terrain roughness（地面粗糙程度）The population effects for the mutual interference of wind forces The mutual interference enlargement coefficient（群体风压体型系数）The shape factors for the local wind pressures (the fencing members and their connections)局部风压体型系数Along wind direction wind excitationMagnification factor of wind fluctuationWind fluctuation factorThe vibration mode factorThe width of windward side of structureMass and rigiditybasic wind speedGust factor (阵风系数)Cross wind direction wind excitationReynolds numberFundamental natural period of vibration for structure重力荷载（Weight load）Within the framework of Civil Engineering, structural engineering is the discipline that creates the structural forms that serve to provide shelter, electrical power, and transportation for the population.It is often said that structural design is a combination of art and science. The experience and intuitive feeling of an engineer relative to the structure being built reflect the artistic aspects of structural design. The scientific aspects of structural design rely on knowledge of mechanics and material behavior.However, the two aspects are not separated since a good structural design requires a highly creative work based on engineering judgements and scientific principles.Before and assessment of the preliminary design can be accomplished, it is necessary to make a reasonable estimate of the loads that will be applied to the structure during its service life. These loads will produce strength and stiffness demands on the structure that must be satisfied by the strength and stiffness supplied by the selected members.The basic concept of a successful design is that the Demands of the applied loads must be less than the Supply of the strength and stiffness provided by the structural members.土压力：Soil Pressure土侧压力，地下水压力：Load due to Lateral earth pressure, Groundwater pressure..自重：self-weightDetermination Method of Equivalent uniform loads Uniform Live Loads on Floors in Civil BuildingsLive loads on Floors in Industrial BuildingsLive loads on Roofs屋面积灰荷载：Ash load on RoofsConstruction and Maintenance Loads, and Horizontal Load on Railings动力系数：Dynamic CoefficientAccessible roof 上人屋面Inaccessible roof 不上人屋面吊车荷载：Crane LoadVertical and Horizontal Crane LoadCombination of Multi-craneDynamic Coefficients of Crane LoadsCombination Value, Frequent Value and Quasi-permanent Value of Crane load雪荷载：Snow LoadCharacteristic Value of Snow Load and Reference Snow pressure屋面积雪分布系数：Roofing Snow Cover Distribution FactorReliability of StructureFunctionality:ServiceabilityThe structure has to be designed to function properly during its anticipated service life. This usually means that excessive deformations and undesired vibrations should be not occur.. SafetyThe structure must be designed with sufficient strength and stiffness to resist the design loads and have enough reservedeformation capacity to maintain life safety under possible extreme loads.Sustainability of Civil Engineering Structures –Durability These loads are termed the These loads are termed the “dead load” “dead load” “dead load” since they are fixed with since they are fixed with regard to both position and magnitude. Occupancy loads are considered to be considered to be “live loads”“live loads”“live loads” since both their magnitude and since both their magnitude and location are uncertain.Earthquake engineering is concerned with the design and construction of all kinds of civil and building engineering systemsto withstand earthquake shaking.Interaction of structures with the shaky groundWhen earthquake shaking occurs, a building gets thrown from side to side and/or up and down. That is, while the ground is violently moving from side to side, the building tends to stand at rest, similar to a passenger standing on a bus that accelerates quickly.Once the building starts moving, it tends to continue in the same direction, but by this time the ground is moving back in the opposite direction Internal forces in a building caused by vibration of the building's mass during earthquake shaking are called inertial forces.Two basic philosophies are currently used for structural designs: One is Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and the other is Limit States Design.Safety limits:• Achieving a strength limit• Stability limit• Fatigue• FractureServiceability limits :• Deflection limit • Cracking• Vibration• Permanent deformationThe general expression can be written as,“Structural State ≤ Limit State”the safety is achieved by providing the resistance R to be sufficiently larger than the load effect s. However, due to therandom nature in the values of the load Q (or s) and R, such safety is not absolute,probability of “failure” (the exceedance of a limit state)“Failure” is shown by the shaded region. The relative size of the shaded area or the area or the probability of “failure”probability of “failure”probability of “failure” is related to the distance from the is related to the distance from the origin to the mean value. This distance is defined by the standard deviation σ of the function and a multiplier β, which is called the reliability index. For a given situation, the larger is β the smaller the probability of exceedance of a limit state, thus the greater is the margin of safety.。

【精品】土壤学英文词汇

【关键字】精品土壤与土壤资源学常用专业词汇(一)土壤矿物质固氮菌diazotroph矿物mineral (四)土壤理化性质石英quartz 土壤物理性质soil physical properties 长石feldspar 质地texture岩石rock 粒组soil separate花岗岩granite 砂质sandy风化(作用) weather 壤质loam粘土clay(minerals) 粘质clay母质parent material /subsoil 粘重heavy苏达soda 砾石gravel石灰lime 土壤结构soil structure土壤soil 团粒granular土体solum 土壤孔隙系统soil pore system云母mica 孔隙度porosity(二)土壤有机质土壤容重bulk density/apparent density 有机质organic matter 土壤比重particle density泥炭peat 土壤湿度状况soil temperature regime 腐殖质humus 土壤通气性soil aeration凋落物litter 土壤水soil water林褥forest floor 土壤湿度soil moisture积累accumulate/deposit 含水量soil moisture content分解decomposition/decompose 水势water potential矿化mineralization 毛细作用capillary(三)土壤生物土壤颜色soil color土壤生物体soil organism 蒙塞尔土壤色卡土壤动物(区系) soil fauna Munsell Soil Color Chart细菌bacteria 土壤化学性质真菌fungi (pl of fungus) soil chemistry properties藻类algae 氧化-还原(作用) oxidation-reduction土壤植物(区系)soil microflora 胶体colloid蚯蚓earthworm 吸附adsorption蚁ant 阳离子交换量螨mite cation exchange capacity根际the rhizosphere 阴离子交换anion exchange根瘤root nodule/root tubercle 盐基饱和度salt base percentage/菌根mycorhiza base -saturation percentage土壤酶soil enzyme 土壤反应(pH) soil reaction(pH)酸性acid 不完全性肥料incomplete fertilizer酸度acidity 厩肥stable manure(长效肥料)碱化alkalinization 粪便excrement碱性的alkaline(碱土) 鸟粪guano /gwa:neu/碱度alkalinity 骨粉bone meal(六)养分、肥料及肥力堆（沤）制（作堆肥）compost土壤养分soil nutrient 草皮turf营养元素nutrient element 草炭peat大量元素macro-element 草木灰ash微量元素micro-/trace element 石灰lime氮nitrogen 石膏gypsum水解氮hydrolysable nitrogen 硝酸盐肥料nitrate硝态氮nitrate nitrogen 过磷酸盐肥料superphosphate氨态氮ammonium nitrogen 钾盐肥料kainite磷phosphorus （七）土壤发生与分布分类有效磷available phosphorus 风化作用weathering钾potassium 土壤发育（发生）钙calcium pedogenesis/soil development/genesis/formation 镁magnesium 土壤发生因素factor of soil development硫sulphur 土壤发育过程processes of铁iron 淋溶（作用）leaching/eluviation铝aluminium 沉积deposit锰manganese 淀积illuviate(soil 专用)土壤养分供应soil nutrient supply 沉淀（沉降）precipitation土壤肥力soil fertility （水）饱和saturate肥料fertilizer or manure 还原（条件）reduction or reducing condition 施肥fertilization or manure 潜育gleys吸收absorption or uptake 好气条件aerobics（pl）（condition）空中施肥（飞机）aerial fertilization 累积accumulation叶面施肥foliar fertilization 富集（积）enrichment/concentration缺乏deficiency 锈斑mottling缺氮nitrogen deficiency 杂色的、斑驳的mottled缺钾potassium deficiency 过滤percolate肥料效果response to /effect of fertilizer 土壤剖面soil profile土壤植物诊断soil and plant diagnosis 剖面发育profile development可见症状visual symptom 发生层horizon（layer）化肥fertilizer 有机质层organic layer完全性肥料complete fertilizer 腐殖质层humus layer绿肥（作物）green-mature crops 矿质土层mineral horizonA、B、C层A、B、C horizon 土地经营land management淋溶层eluvial horizon 地力分级land classification淀积层illuvial horizon 立地site潜育层gleying horizon 立地指数site index土壤分布soil distribution 深翻ripping地带性土壤zonal soils 松土`scarifying /ai/非地带性土壤（在内）intrazonal soil 土壤改良soil reclamation/improvement 土壤带soil stripes /ai/ 土壤保持soil conservation土壤复域soil complex 荒地virgin land土壤分类soil classification 开荒reclamation土壤分类系统soil taxonomy/k`sc/ or system工程防治（水保）mechanical control 诊断层diagnostic horizon 生物防治（水保）biological control分类单元categories 沟渠clinch土纲soil order （九）地质地貌土类great group 风化残渣residue n.亚类group （subgroup）残积土residual soil淋溶土Alfisols 底土subsoil旱成土Aridisols 沉积物deposit sediment新成土Entisols 冲积物alluvial material有机土Histosols 冲积砂fluvial sand始成土Inceptisols 冲积土alluvial soil软土Mollisols 冰川glacier氧化土Oxisols 冻土glacial soil灰土（灰壤）Spodosols 松散岩石(母质)unconsolidated rocks 老成土Ultsols 非破碎岩石uncrambled rocks变性土Vertisols 山脉mountain range暗棕壤Dark Brown Forest Soil 山脊(山岭)mountain ridge草甸土Meadow soil 坡地slope沼泽土Bog soil 坡度falling gradient /ei/石质土Lithosol soil 陡steep / 缓gentle（八）土壤管理分水岭water shed耕作cultivate or tillage 谷地valley灌溉irrigation 盆地basin排水drain （n、-age）洼地low land or depression or loblolly 放牧pasture 平原plain集约（精耕）intensive 平地flat land肥力保持maintain soil fertility 沙丘dune /ju:/轮作crop rotation 漫滩(泛湿地)floor plain排污waste discharge 山洪torrent沼泽(泥沼)marsh/swamp/bog 污水净化sewage purification人为搅动土disturbed soil 烂泥sludges(十)土壤环境学（化学）组成composition旱化drought or xeric 微生物转化microbiological transformation水淹flood or overflow 中毒水平toxic level侵蚀erosion 农药污染pesticide pollution可蚀性erodibility 杀虫剂pesticide生荒的virgin 杀菌剂细菌bactericide 真菌fungicide精耕的(集约)intensive 除草剂herbicide开垦reclamation 残留residue土壤改良soil improvementor amelioration/or amendment 降解、净化degradation v. -de硬化(板结)compact 富营养化eutrophia水利water conservancy 生物富集biotic-enrichment/beneficiation水土保持soil and water conservation 放射性物质（废物）radioactive wastes废气discharge or effluent gas废水sewage/effluent/waste water土壤污染soil pollution /contamination废渣fag end/waste slag/industrial sediment or waste 重金属heavy metal 工业三废three industrial waste元素element 环境保护environmental protection环境背景值(本底值)background levels 环境监测environmental monitoring汞mercury 环境危害environmental hazard镉cadmium 环境标准---- standard/criteria（评价）铅lead 环境评价--- criticize/assayment/evaluate污水/下水道sewage ；工业effluents 污水净化sewage purification污灌sewage farm 污染生物指数boitic index of pollution二氧化硫sulfur dioxide/dai`eksaid/ （十一）土壤分析常用词酸雨acid rain /precipitation 消化digestion大气沉降atmospheric deposition（fallout）稀释dilution环境污染物environmental pollutant 萃取extraction危害(危险)hazard 萃取剂extractant（剂）extract（物）剧毒highly toxic 渗透osmosis毒害、毒物poison 渗漏percolation浓缩、富集enrichment/concentrate 扩散diffusion工业废物（残渣）industrial sediment 过滤filter废物处理waste disposal 分析analysis 测定determination原子吸收光谱atomic absorption spectrometry分光计spectrometer蒸馏distillation 光谱spectrum补遗词汇过磷酸钙superphosphate磷酸铵ammonium phosphate氨ammonia尿素urea基肥base manure追肥top application or dressing随机区组randomized blocks腐熟well-composted堆腐compost .此文档是由网络收集并进行重新排版整理.word可编辑版本！。

(完整word版)土力学词汇英文翻译

土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人：刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure)of subsoil地基附加应力（压力）σzadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［σ0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall) friction 内摩擦角ϕ、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率ηaverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q,、Nγ[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度(坡降)i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法bound water 结合水(束缚水)boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度dbuoyant density 浮密度ρ'buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）γ’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation 建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数δs coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C ccoefficient of earth pressure at rest静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数k hcoefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath auniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数αsz、αsx、αsxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform roundload at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数αr、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αt1、αt2、、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αc、coefficient of vertical additional stress beneath a concentration load 集中应力系数αcoefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数m Vcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土cohesive soils 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数λccompactness 密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性 compression index 压缩指数C c compression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量E scompression zone 受力层，压缩层 compression-curves压缩曲线（e -p 和e -log p 曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P [static]cone penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头 confining pressure ［周］围压[力]consistency 稠度 consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidated quick shear cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c cq 、ϕcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角c cu 、ϕcuconsolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d -和d -log t 曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降s cconsolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical 限制粒径 d 60constrained modulus 侧限模量E scontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力） contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法 Coulomb ’s theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论creep 蠕变critical edge 、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载p cr 、临界荷载p 1/3 p 1/4、极限荷载p u critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度i cr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验D damping ratio 阻尼比λ Darcy ’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法degree of compaction 压实度λcdegree of consolidation 固结度U degree of saturation 饱和度S rdensification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数d c 、d q 、d γ differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤 dilatancy 剪胀性diluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial soils 洪积土direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土 disturbed samples 扰动土样 double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角c d 、ϕd drained shear strength 排水抗剪强度τd［consolidated ］drained triaxial ［compression ］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验 drift-sand 流砂［现象］dry density 干密度ρddry gravity density (unit weight)干重度(容重)γddynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量E d dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量G ddynamic strain，stress 动应变εd、动应力σdEEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学earth－rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角ϕ’effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力σ’effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotential lines 等势线excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress)超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数C eexpansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量sfinal settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s∞fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构flow line流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂[现象]fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率δeffree water 自由水free water elevation ，surface 地下水位 freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base 基底摩擦系数μfriction －resistance ratio 摩阻比 frost boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性 frozen soils 冻土 GGap －graded soil 不连续级配土 General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏 generalized procedure of slices[GPS] 普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc 、σcz geosynthetics 土工合成材料 geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察 geotextiles 土工织物 glacial soils 冰积土 grading curve 级配曲线grain size 粒径 grain size accumulation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度 gravel 圆砾 gravelly sand 砾砂 gravelly soils 砾类土gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density 重［力密］度γ gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数g c 、g q 、g γ ground treatment 地基处理 ground water 地下水、潜水 groundwaterlevel[GWL],groundwaterelevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆 Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body)半空间（半无限体） Hansen ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度 head [of water] 水头H heavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT] 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h 0 high liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I hydraulic head 水头Hhydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 Iillite 伊利石immediate settlement 瞬时沉降s d impermeable lager ，impervious stratum 不透水层inclined load 倾斜荷载 influence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数ω、ωo 、ωc 、ωm 、ωr initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力 initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量E i inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质 in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay [CI] 中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀 isotropic soil 各向同性土 JJanbu ’s method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法 joint 节理 Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K 0－consolidation K 0固结Llaminar flow 层流landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx, σcylaterite 红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法length of foundation base 基础底面长度llimit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件limit of plasticity 塑限w Plinear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载liquefaction 液化liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度liquid limit[LL] 液限w Lliquidity index[LI] 液性指数I L loading test 载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML] 低液限粘土、粉土 MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩） major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力σ1、σ2、σ3 marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法 maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比e max 、e minmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base 基底最大、最小压力p max 、p minmaximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度ρdmax 、ρdmin maximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度z maxmedian grain diameter 中值粒径d 30 medium sand 中砂meniscus 弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩method of slice 条分法mingle soils 混合土miscellaneous fill 杂填土mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulus of deformation, elasticity变形模量E 0 弹性模量Emodulus of recompression 再压缩模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律moisture-density test 击实试验moisture ,water content 含水量(率)wmontmorillonite 蒙脱石muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土 mulching soils 覆盖土 mud pumping 翻浆冒泥 Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力σx 、σy 、σz non-cohesive soils 无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils] 正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率 organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed 、Es oedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结（压密） optimum moisture ，（water ） content最优含水量(率)w oporganic soil 有机质土，有机土organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils]超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio [OCR]超固结（过压密）比Pparameters of shear strength抗剪强度参数partical size 粒径partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验passive earth pressure 被动土压力E ppath of percolation 渗[透途]径Hpeat 泥炭pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量p i perched water 上层滞水perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验piezometric head 测压管水头piezometer head 测压管水头hpiping 管涌plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏plastic flow 塑流plastic limit[PL] 塑限w Pplastic strain 塑性应变plastic zone塑性区plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数I pplate loading test 平板载荷试验point loading 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μpoorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bpore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure先（前）期固结压力p cpreloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验primary consolidation 主固结primary mineral 原生矿物principal stress 主应力σ1、σ2、σ3principle of effective strress 有效应力原理proctor ［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportional limit load 比例界限荷载p prpumping test 抽水试验punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、m s、m wQuaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand 流砂[现象]quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c q、ϕqquick[shear] test 快剪试验RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论rate of settlement 沉降速率ratio of length to width 长宽比mrebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊[性]土，区域性土relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度D r residual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石running sand 流砂[现象]rupture surface 破坏面Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土sandy soils, sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturated density 饱和密度ρsatsaturated gravity density 饱和重度γsatscale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading test[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Cαsecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降s ssecondary mineral 次生矿物secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepage[flow] 渗流（漏）seepage deformation渗透变形seepage failure 渗透破坏seepage discharge 渗流量Q seepage force 渗流力（动水力）G Dseepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度vseepage path 渗径[verticale ]self weight (geostatic)stress (pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz、σc semi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn shallow foundation浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数s c、s q、sγshear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量Gshear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度τfshear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力τsheet pile wall 板桩墙shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限w ssieve analysis test 筛分试验silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性slope wash,slope materials 坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction 慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c s、ϕsslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil 土soil classification 土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角ϕsoil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure and texture 土的结构和构造soil supporting layer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础soils improvement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles土粒比重G sspecific penetration resistance比贯入阻力p sspecific surface 比表面（积）split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)SPT blow count 标[准]贯[入试验锤]击数N square footing 方形基础stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number 稳定数N sstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test [SPT]标准贯入试验static penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度σfstip foundation条形基础Stokes’ law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils 碎石[类]土stress、strain 应力σ、应变εstress history，path,level应力历史、路径、水平stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度σastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度σpstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度σ0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgrade reaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base基底平均附加压力psuperimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil地基附加应力(压力)σzsurcharge[load] 超载surface tension 表面张力surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数C eswelling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜T[ground]table 地下水Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数i c、i q、iγtime factor 时间因数total stress总应力σtotal stress path [TSP]总应力路径transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test 真三轴试验two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密） two-dimensional flow 二维流 turbulent flow 紊流 Uultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力unconfined compression strength of remolded soil重塑土的无侧限抗压强度q u 'unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度q uunder consolidated soil 欠固结土 underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样) uniformly distributed load 均布荷载 undrained shear strength cohesion ,angle of internal f riction不排水抗剪强度τu 、粘聚力c u 、内摩擦角ϕυ [unconsolidation]undrained triaxial compression test[UU-test][不固结]不排水三轴压缩试验unit weight 容重γ [un]uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数C u unsaturated soil 非饱和土 VVan der Waals ’ [bonding]forces 范德华（键）力 [field]Vane shear test [FVT] [现场]十字板剪切试验vertical average degree of consolidation 竖向平均固结度vertical force of foundation top 基础顶面竖向力Fvertical time factor 竖向时间因数T v Vesic ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 魏锡克极限承载力公式 vibration frequency 振次n［dynamic ］ viscosity ［动力］粘[滞]度η void ratio 孔隙比e volumetric strain 体应变volume of soil ，soil particles (solids), water ,air 土、土粒、土中水、土中气的体积V 、V s 、V w 、V avolume of void 孔隙体积V vvolume shrinkage ratio 体缩率 WWater ，moisture content 含水量(率)wwater content ratio 含水比uwater table 地下水位weak ground 软弱地基weathering 风化 weighted average gravity density(unit weight) 加权平均重度(容重)γ0 well-graded soil 良好级配土wet density 湿密度ρ width of foundation base 基础底面宽度b Yyeilding flow 塑流 yellow clay ,loess 黄土 yield 屈服yield criteria 屈服准则Young ’s modulus,elastic modulus 弹性模量E。

土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译

土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics1. 综合类土soil, earth1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类应力路径stress path1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill3. 土的分类充重塑土3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck3. 土的分类年粘土clay3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 土的分类砂土sand3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 土的分类素填土plain fill3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 土的分类岩石rock3. 土的分类伊利土illite3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content4. 土的物理性质活性指数4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi tion of soil4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water4. 土的物理性质密度density4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic wa ter4. 土的物理性质组构fabric4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculat ion6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure6. 地基应力和变形压缩层6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation7. 固结固结consolidation7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio7. 固结井阻well resistance7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect7. 固结潜变（台）creep7. 固结砂井sand drain7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained groun d7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method7. 固结时间因子time factor7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure7. 固结压密（台）consolidation7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve7. 固结主固结primary consolidation7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model9. 本构模型动剪切强度9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion9. 本构模型加工软化work softening9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion9. 本构模型塑性形变理论9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formu la10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formu la10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium11. 土压力土压力earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method 12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础杯形基础17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum17. 浅基础次层（台）substratum17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation17. 浅基础高杯口基础17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation17. 浅基础墙下条形基础17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interaction analysis17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundat ion17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing17. 浅基础下卧层substratum17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation17. 浅基础柱下条形基础18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis18. 深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile18. 深基础承台pile caps18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pil e18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall18. 深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles18. 深基础钢桩steel pile18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile18. 深基础木桩timber piles18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock18. 深基础群桩pile groups18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩18. 深基础桩piles18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile18. 深基础最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick19. 地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment 19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement 19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method 19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting19. 地基处理硅化法silicification19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理换填法cushion19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting19. 地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method19. 地基处理纠偏技术19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment 19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure19. 地基处理褥垫pillow19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground19. 地基处理砂井sand drain19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground19. 地基处理砂桩sand column19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method19. 地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile19. 地基处理树根桩root pile19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain19. 地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer19. 地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理土桩earth pile19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique19. 地基处理外掺剂additive19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking19. 地基处理预压法preloading19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement19. 地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting19. 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient20. 动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site21. 地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained tes t22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test。

英语土木专业单词

探针，探头，探测器，传感器时间滞差，时滞，延时
tamp 填塞，夯实，捣实
flexi土bl木e 工程专柔业韧英语的，柔软的，有h弹ttp性://w的
Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and
Soils are extremely variable in composition, and it was this heterogeneity that long
discouraged scientific studies of these deposits.
它包括三种成分：固体矿物质，水以及空气和其他气体。土质组成变化很大，正是这种不均质性大大地阻碍了科学家对这些沉积物的研究。
coin 创造，杜撰(新词等) numerical 数字的，数值的 friction 摩擦，摩擦力，阻力
topography [təˈpɒgrəfi] 地形，地势，地形学 paleontological[pæ liɒn'tɒlədʒi] 古生物学的 corroboratory [kə'rɒbərətəri]确证的，确定
直到18世纪后半期，法国物理学家查尔斯-奥斯丁库仑出版他的土压力理论（1773年）之前，以科学的基础处理土的问题几乎没有任何进展。
In 1857 the Scottish engineer Willliam Rankine developed a theory of equilibrium of earth masses and applied it to some elementary problems of foundation engineering.

建筑专业土木工程词汇及术语中英文对照.

建筑专业笔记整理大全-结构工程常用词汇-土木工程常用英语术语结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC）钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层：cover to reinforcement梁：beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙：shear wall基础：foundation剪力：shear剪切变形：shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress-strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝：steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载：loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度：torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点：yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限：limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力：bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板：precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast-in-place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two-way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件：member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁：crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力：external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压：eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load跨度：span跨高比：span-to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构：frame structure集中荷载：concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造：construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure土木工程常用英语术语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。

英汉对照图示基础工程学第二章土力学

英汉对照图示基础工程学第二章土力学Chapter2 Soil mechanics21.Concepts in foundation engineering基础工程中的一些概念soil mechanics土力学engineering geology工程地质学foundation engineering基础工程学theory实际experience阅历22.Description of soil properties土性质的描画index properties指数性质soil classification土分类stress condition应力条件permeability浸透性deformation property变形特性shear strength抗剪强度water content含水量void ratio孔隙比unit weight容重23.Definition of geotechnical terms岩土工程术语的定义void ratio孔隙比porosity孔隙率water content含水量unit weight容重dry unit weight干容重unit weight of solid固体容重specific gravity比重degree of saturation[,sætʃə'reiʃən]饱和度gas气体water水solid固体24.Determination of grain size distribution粒径大小散布的测定grain size粒径percent finer小于某一粒径颗粒的累计百分数hydrometer analysis液体比重计剖析sieve analysis筛分sand砂土effective grain size有效粒径coefficient of uniformity平均系数well graded级配良好uniformly graded级配平均poorly sorted不良分选poorly graded级配不良clay粘土silt粉土sand砂土gravel砾石25.Plasticity of soils土的塑性plasticity index塑性指数shrinkage limit收缩界限plastic limit塑限liquid limit液限water content含水量26.Plasticity chart塑性图liquid limit液限low plasticity低塑性medium plasticity中等塑性high plasticity高塑性A-line A-线clay粘土silt粉土plasticity index塑性指数semi solid半固体volume体积27.Distinction between clay and silt 粘土和粉土的区别plasticity塑性settlement rate沉降速率dilatancy[dai'leitənsi]剪胀性dry strength干强度settlements沉降suspension[sə'spenʃən]悬浮28.Structure of clay粘土的结构dispersed[di'spə:st]分散flocculated['flɔkjuleitid]絮凝positive charge正电荷negative charge负电荷29.Standard Proctor compaction test 规范普洛克脱击实实验dry unit weight干容重dry density干密度maximum dry density最大干密度saturated饱和optimum water content最正确含水量water content含水量30.Proctor compaction tests普洛克脱击实实验standard Proctor test规范普氏实验modified Proctor test修正普氏实验blows击数layer层31 paction curves压实曲线clay粘土silt粉土sand砂土till冰碛土standard规范modified修正water content含水量dry density干密度32.Unified soil classification system土的一致分类体系gravel砾石sand砂土silt粉土clay粘土organic无机peat泥炭well graded级配良好poorly graded级配不良silty粉质clayey粘质low plasticity低塑性high plasticity高塑性ML低塑性粉土CL低塑性粘土OL低塑性无机土MH高塑性粉土CH高塑性粘土OH高塑性无机土liquid limit液限33.Tripartite[,trai'pɑ:tait] soil classification chart 土分类的三角坐标图percent百分比clay粘粒sand砂粒silt粉粒particle size粒径34.British Standard Code of Practice for Soil Investigations〔CP2001〕英国适用规范地基土勘察规范soil description土描画consistence稠度density密度structure结构colour颜色particle size粒径geological formation地质成因cohesive soils粘性土cohesionless soils无粘性土fissured['fiʃəd]裂隙laminated['læmineitid]片状35.Rock description〔CP 2001〕岩石描画colour颜色grain size颗粒大小texture['tekstʃə]纹理structure结构state of weathering风化形状rock name岩石称号strength强度mineral fragments矿物碎片rock fragments岩石碎片crystalline['kristəlain]结晶体amorphous[ə'mɔ:fəs]无定形laminated片状foliated页状uniaxial[,ju:ni'æksiəl] compression单轴抗压point load tests点荷载实验coarse grained粗颗粒micaceous[mai'keiʃəs]云母片massive块状moderately weathered中等风化sandstone砂岩36.Darcy’s law达西定理coefficient of permeability浸透系数hydraulic gradient水力梯度flow活动gross area毛面积/修建面积cross area截面积37.Permeameter [,pə:mi'æmitə] for determination of laboratory permeability 用于室内测定浸透性的浸透仪standpipe测压管Darcy’s law达西定理38.Pumping test for determination of field permeability测定现场浸透性抽水实验permeability浸透性piezometer孔隙水压仪infiltration[,infil'treiʃən] test渗入实验39.Permeability of soils土的浸透性gravel砾石sand砂silt粉土clay粘土pumping test抽汲实验permeability test浸透性实验constant head恒定水头falling head下降水头consolidation test固结实验40.Flow net determination流网绘制flow line流线equipotential line等势线41.Effective stress concept有效应力概念effective stress有效应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力total stress总应力42.Seepage pressure〔negative pore water pressure〕渗流压力〔负的孔隙水压力〕effective stress有效应力seepage pressure渗流压力total stress总应力43.Seepage pressure〔positive pore water pressure〕渗流压力〔正的孔隙水压力〕effective stress有效应力seepage pressure渗流压力total stress总应力quick condition流砂条件44.Stress-strain relationship of soil土的应力-应变关系stress应力strain应变secant['si:kənt, -kænt] modulus割线模量ultimate stress极限应力45.Hyperbolic stress-strain relationship双曲线的应力-应变关系stress应力strain应变hyperbolic curve双曲线46.Modulus of elasticity弹性模量stress-strain relationship应力-应变关系Poisson’s ratio泊松比47.Shear modulus剪切模量shear stress剪应力shear modulus剪切模量shear deformation剪切变形48 pression modulus紧缩模量coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest侧向运动土压力系数49.Stability of footing on soil土中基脚的动摇性shear strength抗剪强度failure surface破坏面heave隆起50.Coulomb-Mohr failure criterion[krai'tiəriən]库仑-摩尔破坏准那么Coulomb-Mohr库仑-摩尔Terzaghi-Hvorslev太沙基-伏斯列夫angle of internal friction内摩擦角attraction内在压力cohesion内聚力shear strength抗剪强度normal stress法向应力51.Mohr’s stress circle摩尔应力圆shear stress剪应力normal stress法向应力failure surface破坏面friction angle摩擦角cohesion内聚力52.Effective stress concept有效应力概念ambient['æmbiənt] stress周围应力deviator['di:vieitə] stress偏应力pore water pressure孔隙水压力pore pressure coefficient A孔隙压力系数Apore pressure coefficient B孔隙压力系数B53.Mohr’s circle for clay soil粘土的摩尔圆shear stress剪应力normal stress法向应力compression stress紧缩应力54.Stress path concept应力途径概念p-q curve p-q曲线k failure line55.Stress path concept，fk破坏线应力途径概念，fcohesion内聚力friction angle摩擦角56.Typical values of angle of internal friction of soils 土的内摩擦角的典型值gravel砾石sand砂土silt粉土clay粘土relative density相对密度angularity[,æŋɡju'lærəti]棱角度gradation级配particle size粒径57.Undrained shear strength of cohesive soils粘性土的不排水抗剪强度c/p-ratio c/p比effective stress有效应力undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度ground water level地下水位field vane test现场十字板实验58.c/p-ratio of clays粘土的c/p比normally consolidated clay正常固结粘土plasticity index塑性指数59.Correction factor for undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度的修正系数plasticity index塑性指数stability动摇性clay粘土c/p ratio c/p比60.Effective friction angle as function of plasticity index有效摩擦角与塑性指数的关系friction angle摩擦角plasticity index塑性指数triaxial tests三轴实验61.Short term stability of an excavation基坑开挖的短期动摇性excavation基坑开挖normally consolidated正常固结overconsolidated超固结initial ground water level初始地下水位shear strength抗剪强度62.Long term stability of an excavation基坑开挖的临时动摇性normally consolidated clay正常固结粘土overconsolidated clay超固结粘土flow lines流线63.Effective stress analysis有效应力剖析sand砂土shear strength抗剪强度drained test排水实验64.Total stress analysis总应力剖析saturated soil饱和土c-analysis c-剖析65.Determination of shear strength抗剪强度的测定sand砂土silt粉土short term短期long term临时saturated饱和non-saturated非饱和c-analysis c-剖析boratory tests for determination of shear strength of cohesive soils 测定粘性土抗剪强度的室内实验direct shear test直剪实验triaxial test三轴实验unconfined compression test无侧限紧缩实验fall cone test落锤实验vane test十字板实验boratory tests for determination of undrained shear strength 测定不排水抗剪强度的室内实验direct shear test直剪实验triaxial test三轴实验unconfined compression test无侧限紧缩实验fall cone test落锤实验laboratory vane test室内十字板实验68.Field tests for determination of undrained shear strength测定不排水抗剪强度现场实验field vane test现场十字板实验pressuremeter test 旁压仪实验cone penetration test圆锥贯入实验standard penetration test规范贯入实验weight sounding test重量探测实验。

土力学英文词汇

有空看看，当做学英语好了~ ~ ~土的分类soil classificationboulder漂石cobble卵石coarse grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土gravel石子coarse sand粗砂medium sand中砂fine sand细砂silty sand粉砂fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土clayey soil粘性土clay粘土silty clay粉质粘土silt粉土sandy silt砂质粉土clayey silt粘质粉土Residual soil 残积土clay minerals 粘土矿物secondary minerals 次生矿物fill (soil) 填土soft clay 软粘土expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土peat 泥炭frozen soil 冻土over consolidated soil 超固结土normally consolidated soil 正常固结土under consolidated soil欠固结土saturated soil饱和土unsaturated soil非饱和土borehole columnar section 钻孔柱状图engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察geotechnical engineering岩土工程foundation engineering 基础工程soil, earth 土soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading 再加载viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量soil dynamics土动力学stress path 应力路径numerical geotechnic 数值岩土力学landslide 滑坡Atterberg limits阿太堡界限degree of saturation饱和度dry unit weight干重度moist unit weight湿重度saturated unit weight饱和重度effective unit weight有效重度density密度compactness 密实度maximum dry density最大干密度optimum water content最优含水量three phase diagram三相图tri-phase soil三相土soil fraction粒组sieve analysis筛分hydrometer analysis比重计分析uniformity coefficient不均匀系数coefficient of gradation级配系数。

土力学英文词汇

有空看看，当做学英语好了土的分类soil classificationboulder 漂石cobble 卵石coarse grainedsoil(gravelly and sandy) gravel 石子coarse sand 粗砂medium sand 中砂fine粗粒土sand 细砂silty sand 粉砂fine-grained soil(silty and clayey) 细粒土clayey soil 粘性土clay 粘土silty clay 粉质粘土silt 粉土sandy silt 砂质粉土clayey silt 粘质粉土Residual soil 残积土clay minerals 粘土矿物secondary minerals 次生矿物fill (soil) 填土soft clay 软粘土expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土peat 泥炭frozen soil 冻土over consolidated soil 超固结土normally consolidated soil 正常固结土under consolidated soil 欠固结土saturated soil 饱和土unsaturated soil 非饱和土borehole columnar section 钻孔柱状图engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察geotechnical engineering 岩土工程foundation engineering 基础工程soil, earth 土soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading 再加载viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量soil dynamics 土动力学stress path 应力路径numerical geotechnic 数值岩土力学landslide 滑坡Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限degree of saturation 饱和度dry unit weight 干重度moist unit weight 湿重度saturated unit weight 饱和重度effective unit weight 有效重度density 密度compactness 密实度maximum dry density 最大干密度optimum water content 最优含水量three phase diagram 三相图tri-phase soil 三相土soil fraction 粒组sieve analysis 筛分hydrometer analysis 比重计分析uniformitycoefficient 不均匀系数coefficient of gradation 级配系数Darcy's law 达西定律piping 管涌flowing soil 流土sand boiling 砂沸flow net 流网seepage 渗透（流）leakage 渗流seepage pressure 渗透压力permeability 渗透性seepage force 渗透力hydraulic gradient 水力梯度coefficient of permeability 渗透系数。

土力学词汇

土力学词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验顺便介绍一下，本站内有个excel编制的背单词软件哟，可以发音的很容易把这个词库加进去的/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=35没有人鼓励他，他也懒得把哪个修改成很好的独立软件了。

专业英语(土力学,基础工程)

I. Soil Mechanics土力学Soil Particle土壤颗粒, Void孔隙, Void Ratio孔隙率, Porosity多孔性Phase Diagram Water Content含水量, Degree of Saturation饱和度Total Density总体密度, Dry Density干密度, Buoyant/Submerged Density浮密度, Saturated Density饱和密度Aeolian风积, Alluvial冲积, Colluvial Soil重积土; Collapsible Loess湿陷性黄土Coarse粗糙的, Coarse Grained (Sand, Gravel) Soil Texture土壤结构, Grain Size晶粒大小, Particle Size粒度Fine细小的, Fine-textured (Silt, Clay)Cohesionless无粘性, Sandy Soil砂土, Cohesive黏性的, Clayey Soil粘性土,Soil Classification Sand, Gravel砾石 (Coarse, Medium, Fine; Loose松的, Medium, Dense密的)Silt淤泥, Clay粘土 (Hard, Stiff, Medium, Soft), Organic Soil有机的, Peat泥炭, Mud泥浆Silty Sand粉土, Sandy Clay砂质粘土, Clayey Sand, Clayed SiltSieve Analysis筛分, Well-graded级配良好, Poorly-Graded / Uniform 粒度级配Grain Size Distribution, Gradation, GradingHydrometer Analysis比重计分析Immediate Settlement瞬时沉降Settlement Components Consolidation 固结(Normally Consolidated正常固结, OCR, Pore Pressure Dissipation孔压消散,Drainage Path排水路径)Secondary Compression/Consolidation二次压缩, Creeping蠕变Cohesion凝聚力, Friction Angle摩擦角, Constitutive Behavior本构形状Shear Strength of Soil Total Stress总应力, Effective Stress有效应力,Pore Pressure 孔隙压力(Hydrostatic/Excess/Negative Pore Pressure, Capillarity毛细现象)Stress Path (TSP, ESP)应力路径, Major/Minor Principal Stress, Mohr Circle莫尔圆Shear Dilation剪胀, Shear Compression, Critical Void Ratio; Liquefaction液化Quick Sand流砂, Seismic Loading地震荷载Lateral Earth Pressure侧向土压力: Rankine郎肯, Coulomb库伦, Active主动, Passive被动, K0 Condition, K0 Consolidation, Anisotropic/Isotropic Consolidation不等向固结, Homogenous, Retaining Wall挡土墙, Geosynthetics (Geotextile, Geomembrane, Geogrid土工格栅)Common Geotechnical Laboratory Tests: Atterberg Limits界限含水量 (Plastic Limit塑限, Liquid Limit液限), Standard/Modified Proctor Test击实实验, Hydraulic Conductivity Test渗透系数测试, Oedometer/Consolidometer固结仪/Consolidation Test, Unconfined Compression Test, Direct Shear Test直剪试验, Triaxial Test三轴压缩试验 (Unconsolidated-Undrained, UU, CU, CD) II. Foundation Engineering基础工程Shallow Foundation浅基础, Spread Foundation扩大基础: Independent, Strip/Continuous,Raft/Mat, BoxClassification of Foundation Skin Friction表面摩擦Deep Foundation/Pile Foundation深'桩: Driven Pile, Drilled Shaft钻孔桩井End-bearing端承Driven Pile贯入桩: Handling/Driven/Service Load, Pile Cap承台, Cushion, Splice, Pneumatic/Hydraulic/Vibratory Hammer气'液压'震动Drilled Shaft竖井: Drilling Rig钻机, Slurry泥浆, Drilling Fluid, Negative Skin Friction/Downdrag负摩阻力, Necking柱颈, BulgingSpecial Piles: Underreamed/Lateral/Batter/Uplift/Composite Piles抗拔桩'侧向桩'斜桩'上举桩'复合桩, Caisson pile灌注桩Exploratory Boring/Drilling钻探, Sampling (for Laboratory Testing)取样Site/Geotechnical Investigation Field Reconnaissance实地勘察, Site/Land Survey土地测量岩土勘察 In-Situ Test (i.e. Standard Penetration Test, SPT, Cone Penetration Test, CPT)Geophysical Exploration地球物理勘探Substructure基础, Superstructure上层建筑, Subgrade/Subsurface/Subsoil路基'地下的'天然地基下层土, (Allowable) Bearing Capacity承载能力, Bearing Pressure, Differential Settlement不均匀沉降, Subgrade Reaction地基反力, Soil-Structure Interaction, Analytical/Empirical Solution, Correlation Coefficient/Factor, Excavation, Backfill回填, Dewatering。

土木工程专业外语词汇

土木工程专业外语词汇合类大地工程geotechnical engineering综合类反分析法back analysis method综合类基础工程foundation engineering综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics综合类土soil, earth综合类土动力学soil dynamics综合类土力学soil mechanics综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering综合类应力路径stress path综合类应力路径法stress path method工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil工程地质及勘察层理beding工程地质及勘察长石feldspar工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察承压水confined water工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age工程地质及勘察地质图geological map工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater工程地质及勘察断层fault工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide工程地质及勘察化石fossil工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock工程地质及勘察阶地terrace工程地质及勘察节理joint工程地质及勘察解理cleavage工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock工程地质及勘察潜水ground water工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock工程地质及勘察取土器geotome工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone工程地质及勘察石英quartz工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass工程地质及勘察页岩shale工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral工程地质及勘察云母mica工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 土的分类饱和土saturated soil土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil土的分类冲填土dredger fill土的分类充重塑土土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil土的分类分散性土dispersive soil土的分类粉土silt, mo土的分类粉质粘土silty clay土的分类高岭石kaolinite土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(china)土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck土的分类年粘土clay土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil土的分类区域性土zonal soil土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle土的分类砂土sand土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess土的分类素填土plain fill土的分类塑性图plasticity chart土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil土的分类岩石rock土的分类伊利土illite土的分类有机质土organic soil土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil土的分类原状土undisturbed soil土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess土的物理性质阿太堡界限atterberg limits土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight土的物理性质比重specific gravity土的物理性质稠度consistency土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient土的物理性质触变thixotropy土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight土的物理性质干密度dry density土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content土的物理性质活性指数土的物理性质级配gradation, grading土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water土的物理性质界限含水量atterberg limits土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition ofsoil土的物理性质可塑性plasticity土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio土的物理性质孔隙率porosity土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water土的物理性质密度density土的物理性质密实度compactionness土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit土的物理性质土的构造soil texture土的物理性质土的结构soil structure土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土的物理性质土中气air in soil土的物理性质土中水water in soil土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation土的物理性质压缩性compressibility土的物理性质液限liquid limit土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index土的物理性质游离水（台）free water土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size土的物理性质有效密度effective density土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight土的物理性质重力密度unit weight土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 土的物理性质组构fabric土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content渗透性和渗流达西定律darcy s law渗透性和渗流管涌piping渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient渗透性和渗流流函数flow function渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil渗透性和渗流流网flow net渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling渗透性和渗流渗流seepage渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability渗透性和渗流势函数potential function渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient地基应力和变形变形deformation地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation地基应力和变形泊松比poisson s ratio地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解boussinnesq s solution地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 地基应力和变形沉降settlement地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数apore pressure parameter a地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数bpore pressure parameter b地基应力和变形明德林解mindlin s solution地基应力和变形纽马克感应图newmark chart地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus地基应力和变形蠕变creep地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure地基应力和变形压缩层地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement固结巴隆固结理论barron s consolidation theory固结比奥固结理论biot s consolidation theory固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure固结次固结secondary consolidation固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结固结consolidation固结固结度degree of consolidation固结固结理论theory of consolidation固结固结曲线consolidation curve固结固结速率rate of consolidation固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结固结压力consolidation pressure固结回弹曲线rebound curve固结井径比drain spacing ratio固结井阻well resistance固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应mandel-cryer effect固结潜变（台）creep固结砂井sand drain固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method固结时间因子time factor固结太沙基固结理论terzaghi s consolidation theory固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程terzaghi-rendulic diffusion equation 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure固结压密（台）consolidation固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve固结再压缩曲线recompression curve固结主固结primary consolidation固结主压密（台）primary consolidation固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure固结k0固结consolidation under k0 condition抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction抗剪强度残余强度residual strength抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数hvorslev parameter抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度库仑方程coulomb s equation抗剪强度摩尔包线mohr s envelope抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论mohr-coulomb theory抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter本构模型本构模型constitutive model本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则drucker-prager criterion本构模型邓肯－张模型duncan-chang model本构模型动剪切强度本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model本构模型盖帽模型cap model本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model本构模型割线模量secant modulus本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von mises yield criterion 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion本构模型加工软化work softening本构模型加工硬化work hardening本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law本构模型剑桥模型cambridge model本构模型柯西弹性模型cauchy elastic model本构模型拉特－邓肯模型lade-duncan model本构模型拉特屈服准则lade yield criterion本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model本构模型流变学模型rheological model本构模型流动规则flow rule本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则mohr-coulomb yield criterion本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model本构模型切线模量tangent modulus本构模型清华弹塑性模型tsinghua elastoplastic model本构模型屈服面yield surface本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型shen zhujiang three yield surface method 本构模型双参数地基模型本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则matsuoka-nakai yield criterion本构模型塑性形变理论本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model本构模型魏汝龙－khosla－wu模型wei rulong-khosla-wu model本构模型文克尔地基模型winkler foundation model本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure地基承载力次层（台）substratum地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium地基承载力加州承载比（美国）california bearing ratio地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论prandel bearing capacity theory地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论terzaghi bearing capacity theory地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest土压力库仑土压力理论coulomb s earth pressure theory土压力库尔曼图解法culmannn construction土压力朗肯土压力理论rankine s earth pressure theory土压力朗肯状态rankine state土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力土压力earth pressure土压力主动土压力active earth pressure土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose土坡稳定分析毕肖普法bishop method土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法fellenius method of slices土坡稳定分析库尔曼法culmann method土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法morgenstern-price method土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法swedish circle method土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法spencer method土坡稳定分析泰勒法taylor method土坡稳定分析条分法slice method土坡稳定分析土坡slope土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法janbu general slice method土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of boussinesq 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil土的动力性质损耗角loss angle土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency土的动力性质液化liquefaction土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙挡土墙排水设施挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall挡土墙垛式挡土墙挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall挡土墙基础墙foundation wall挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall板桩结构物板桩sheet pile板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile板桩结构物拉杆tie rod板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring板桩结构物锚座anchorage板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile板桩结构物木桩timber piles板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage基坑开挖与降水管涌piping基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts浅基础杯形基础浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation浅基础持力层bearing stratum浅基础次层（台）substratum浅基础单独基础individual footing浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation浅基础高杯口基础浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing浅基础接触压力contact pressure浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)浅基础壳体基础shell foundation浅基础扩展基础spread footing浅基础片筏基础mat foundation浅基础浅基础shallow foundation浅基础墙下条形基础浅基础热摩奇金法zemochkin s method浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 浅基础条形基础strip footing浅基础下卧层substratum浅基础箱形基础box foundation浅基础柱下条形基础深基础贝诺托灌注桩benoto cast-in-place pile深基础波动方程分析wave equation analysis深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile深基础承台pile caps深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 深基础低桩承台low pile cap深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula深基础端承桩end-bearing pile深基础法兰基灌注桩franki pile深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles深基础钢桩steel pile深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile深基础机挖异形灌注桩深基础静力压桩silent piling深基础抗拔桩uplift pile深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile深基础摩擦桩friction pile深基础木桩timber piles深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock深基础群桩pile groups深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 深基础深基础deep foundation深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile深基础旋转挤压灌注桩深基础桩piles深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile深基础最后贯入度final set地基处理表层压密法surface compaction地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading地基处理袋装砂井sand wick地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage地基处理顶升纠偏法地基处理定喷directional jet grouting地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile地基处理堆载预压法preloading地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method 地基处理复合地基composite foundation地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting地基处理灌浆材料injection material地基处理灌浆法grouting地基处理硅化法silicification地基处理夯实桩compacting pile地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting地基处理换填法cushion地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile地基处理基础加压纠偏法地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column 地基处理挤淤法displacement method地基处理加筋法reinforcement method地基处理加筋土reinforced earth地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method地基处理纠偏技术地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating地基处理锚固技术anchoring地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning地基处理排水固结法consolidation地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction地基处理人工地基artificial foundation地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure地基处理褥垫pillow地基处理软土地基soft clay ground地基处理砂井sand drain地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground地基处理砂桩sand column地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile地基处理树根桩root pile地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar地基处理掏土纠偏法地基处理天然地基natural foundation地基处理土工聚合物geopolymer地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理土桩earth pile地基处理托换技术underpinning technique地基处理外掺剂additive地基处理旋喷jet grouting地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting地基处理预浸水法presoaking地基处理预压法preloading地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio地基处理重锤夯实法tamping地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor动力机器基础隔振isolation动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test。

土力学专业术语英汉对照_506704590

㄀ϔゴ ⱘ⠽⧚ 䋼⿟㉏㄀ϔ㡖 ⱘ䖥⿃ recently deposited soil㄀㑾 Quaternary period㄀㑾≝⿃ Quaternary deposit⅟⿃ eluvial soil, residual soil⅟⿃ eluvium⅟⿃㉬ residual clay⅟⿃ immature residual soil䖤⿃ transported soil⿃⠽ slope wash⋾⿃ diluvial soil⋾⿃ diluvium, pluvium, proluvium⿃ alluvium⿃ alluvial soil␪Ⳍ≝⿃ lacustrine deposit⊐⋑ marsh soil, moor soil, swamp soil⍋Ⳍ≝⿃ marine deposit⍋Ⳍ咣 marine clay⍋⋟≝⿃ ocean deposit≝⿃ glacial deposit∈≝⿃ glacial-fluvial soils⹯≝⿃ morainal deposit⹯ glacial till ,till亢⿃ aeolian soil亢⿃⠽ eolian deposit⠽⧚亢 physical weathering亢 chemical weathering⫳ sedentary soil⫳ⷓ⠽ sedentary minerals⃵⫳ⷓ⠽ secondary mineralsϝⳌ tri-phase soilϝⳌ㤝 block diagram, skeletal diagram, three-phasediagram㄀Ѡ㡖 ⱘϝⳌ㒘ⱘ偼 soil skeleton佅 saturated soil䴲佅 unsaturated soildry soil㉦ grain size㉦ grain size distribution㉦㒓 grading curve, grain-size distribution curve㉦㑻 size grading㉦ gradation test, grain-size analysis, granularmetricanalysis, granulometric analysis, granulometry,mechanical analysis㉦㒓 mechanical analysis curve㉦ ⬠䰤 grain boundary㉦㒘 granulometric composition㉦㌃⿃㒓 grain size accumulation curve㉦乥⥛ 㒓 grain-size frequency curve㉦㒘 fraction㉦ granularity㉫㉦ coarse grained soil㒚㉦ fine-grained soil, finesⷖ⸒⷇ hoggin⸒⷇ gravelⷖ㉦ sand㉝㉦ silt㉬㉦ clay㛊㉦ colloidal particleㄯ sieve analysisㄯ㒓 sieve curveㄯ screen openingㄯⳂ mesh↨䞡䅵 hydrometer analysis↨䞡䅵 areometer㉦ effictive diameter, effective grain size, effecitvesizeЁ ㉦ medium diameter㉦ mean diameter㉦ maximum particle size䰤㉦ constrained diameterϡ ㋏ coefficient of uniformity⥛㋏ coefficient of curvature⸙⇻ 䴶ԧ silica tetrahedron⷇㣅 quartz䭓⷇ feldsparѥ↡ mica催 ⷇ kaolinite㩭⡍⷇ montmorilloniteӞ ⷇ illite⬉⋇ electrophoresis⬉⏫ electro-osmotic⬉ diffuse double layer↨㸼䴶 specific surface㒧 ∈ bound water㒧 ∈ crystal water, water of crystallization㞾⬅∈ free water㞾⬅∈ԡ free water elevation, free water surface↯㒚ㅵ∈ capillary water↯㒚ㅵ∈Ϟ 催 capillary height, capillary rise↯㒚ㅵҾ capillarimeter䞡 ∈ gravitational waterЁ∈ soil moisture㄀ϝ㡖 ⱘ⠽⧚⢊ⱘ density of soil↨䞡 specific gravity∈↨ water content ratio∈䞣 moisture content, water content䱭 pore䱭↨ viod ratio䱭↨ maximum void ratio, void ratio in loosest state 䱭䅵 porosimeter䱭⥛ porosity䱭∈ void water佅 degree of saturation佅 saturator⑓ wet density⑓ 䞡 wet unit weightdensity of dry soil䞡 dry unit weight䞡 maximum dry unit weightӬ optimum density佅 quasi-saturated soil佅 density of saturated soil佅䞡 saturated unit weight佅 ∈䞣 saturation moisture佅䱭↨ zeor air void ratio⍌≵ ⱘ density of submerged soil⍂ 䞣 buoyant unit weight, submerged unit weighcompactnessⳌ density index, ralative density䱭↨ minimum void ratio, void ratio in densest state solid statesemi-solid stateplasticity⢊ plastic state⎆䰤 liquid limit⎆䰤Ҿ liquid-limit device⎆ liquidity index, ralative watercontent ,water-plasticity ratio䰤 plastic limitplasticity index⿴ consistency⿴ ⬠䰤 consistency limits⿴ 䆩偠 consistency test⿴ consistency index, relative consistency, relativeplasticity index㄀㡖 ⱘ㒧⢊㉬ intact clay䞡 ḋ remolded sample䞡 remolding gain䞡 remolding indexⱘ㒧 soil structure㣗 Van der Waals forceҥ &RXORPE IRUFH㛊㒧԰⫼ cementation↯㒚ㅵ԰⫼ capillarity, capillarity action↯㒚ㅵ∈ capillary pressure↯㒚ㅵ∈ capillary tension♉ degree of sensitivity, sensitivity㾺 thixotropy㾺 ⹀ thixotropic hardening㾺㉬ ⌚ thixotropic fluids㉦ soil aggregate㉦ aggregate㉦㒘 domain fabric㉦㒧 cluster structure㘮㒧 coagulated structure㒧 dispersed structure㄀Ѩ㡖 ⱘ ⿟㉏ⱘ ㉏ soil classificationⱘ㙝ⴐ ㉏ visual soil classificationⱘ㒳ϔ ㉏ Unified Soil Classification System⌏ activity index㄀㡖 ⱘ 䆩偠earth fill, fill, made groundfillearth embankmentearth dam⷇ earth-rock dam, earth-rockfill dam, embankmentdam䏃 roadbedfoundation, foundation soil, subgradeӬ ∈䞣 optimum moisture content, optimum watercontent䞡 maximum dry unit weight佅㒓˄ 䆩偠˅ saturation curve, zero air void curve㛑 compactive effortcompactorcompacted soil䘡 compactor pass㒓 compaction curve⏅ compacted depth䆩偠 compaction testcompacted fill㋏ compaction factorcompacted liftdegree of compaction㄀Ѡゴ ⱘ⏫䗣㄀ϔ㡖ὖ䗄佅 saturated soil䴲佅 unsaturated soilҟ䋼 porous media⏫⌕ seepage⏫䗣 permeability⏫⌕䞣 seepage discharge⏫䗣 seepage deformation⏫䗣⸈ seepage failureearth dam㄀Ѡ㡖 ⱘ⏫䗣䖒㽓䖒㽓 Darcy’s law∈ hydraulic bead∈ total hydraulic bead∈ head difference䱭∈ neutral pressure, pore water pressure⌟ㅵ∈ piezometric head⌕䗳 velocity∈ 䰡 hydraulic gradient∈ ẃ hydraulic gradient⏫⌕䗨 path of percolation⌕ laminar flow, stream –line flow㋞⌕ turbulent flow⏫⌕䆩偠 permeability test∈ ⏫䗣Ҿ constant head permeameter∈ ⏫䗣䆩偠 constant head permeability test∈ ⏫䗣䆩偠 falling head permeablility test,variable headpermeability test⏫䗣㋏ coefficient of permeability⏫䗣⌕䗳 seepage velocity⌕䗳 mean velocity∈ head loss䳋䇎 Reynolds numberЈ⬠䳋䇎 critical reynolds numberЈ⬠⌕䗳 critical velocity㒧 ∈㝰 contractive skin䍋䰡 initial gradientϟ∈ groundwater, phreatic water, subterranean water ϟ∈ԡ free water elevation, free water surface,groundwater elevation, groundwater levelㄝ ⏫䗣㋏ equivalent coefficient of permeability㄀ϝ㡖 Ѡ㓈⏫⌕ ⌕㔥ⱘ ⫼〇 ⏫⌕ steady seepage⿟ Laplace equation䕁䇗 conjugate harmonic function㛑 potential energypotential function⌕ flow functionㄝ㒓 equipotential lines⌕㒓 flow lines, streamline⌕㔥 flow netℷѸ normalityanisotropyisotropy⌕㔥 transformed flow net㄀㡖 ⏫䗣 ⏫䗣⸈⏫䗣 seepage forceЈ⬠∈ 䰡 critical hydraulic gradient⌕ soil flowㅵ⍠ piping㾺䴶㱔 contact erosion, contact scouringⷖ⊌ boiling, sand boil䰆⏫ water-tight screenѩ bleeder well, relief wellⒸ filter, inverted filter, protective filter Ⓒ䫎Ⲫ filter blanket㄀ϝゴ ԧЁⱘ㄀ϔ㡖 ὖ䗄ⱘ soil deformation≝䰡䞣 settlement≝䰡䞣 total settlement≝䰡 settlement differenceⱘ〇 soil stability㞾䞡 self-weight stress䰘 superimposed stress䰘㥋䕑 superimposed loadinertial forces䏃 stress path㒓 linear-elasticity㒓 ԧ linear-elastic solid䖲㓁ҟ䋼 continuous mediumelastic-plastic materialԧ elastic-plastic solid⧚䆎 elasto-plasticity theory῵ elastic-plastic model⢊ elastic-plastic behavior䴲㒓 nonlinearityջ䰤 ⢊ confined state of stress㄀Ѡ㡖 ԧЁⱘ㞾䞡ջ lateral stressջ lateral earth pressure⊞ ↨ Poisson’s ratio㄀ϝ㡖 Ёⱘ䰘䲚Ё㥋䕑 point loadstress superposition䲚Ё stress concentrationstress dispersion㄀㡖 ⱘ 㾺foundation pressure, gross loading intensity net foundation pressure⸔ foundation⸔ flexible foundation⸔ rigid foundation㥋䕑 eccentrically loadⶽ inertia momentⶽ eccentricity㄀Ѩ㡖 ⧚total stresseffective stress㒧⧚䆎 consolidation theory㉦䯈 interparticle repulsion㉦䯈 interparticle attractive forceshearing strength䱭⇨ pore air pressure↯㒚∈ capillary pressure⏫䗣 seepage pressure⏫䗣 seepage compaction䴭∈ hydrostatic pressure䍙䴭∈ excess hydrostatic pressure, excess pore waterpressure, hydrostatic excess pressure䕈⿄ axial symmetrydeviator stressԧ⿃㓽㋏ coefficient of volume change, coefficient ofvolume compressibility㚔 dilatation, dilation㚔 dilatancy㚔 dilative soil䱭㋏ pore pressure parameters䱭㋏ $ A-parameter䱭㋏ % B-parameter㄀ゴ ⱘ ⡍ ≝䰡䅵ㅫ㄀ϔ㡖 ⱘ ⡍ ⌟䆩 ⊩ջ䰤㓽䆩偠 confined compression test䕑㥋䆩偠 bearing test, loading test, plate loading testϝ䕈Ҿ triaxial apparatusϝ䕈㓽䆩偠 triaxial compression testҾ pressuremeter䌃䆩偠 standard penetration test䌃䆩偠 SPT blow count䌃䆩偠䫸 standard penetration test blow count (China) ㄀Ѡ㡖 ⱘϔ㓈㓽≝䰡 settlement≝䰡䞣 settlement≝䰡㾖⌟ settlement observation≝䰡䗳⥛ rate of settlement䆌≝䰡䞣 allowable settlement, tolerable settlementԧ⿃ volumetric deformationshear deformation㒧䆩偠 consolidation testջ䰤 ῵䞣 oedometric modulus῵䞣 modulus of deformation㒓 rebound curve῵䞣 modulus of resilience㋏ coefficient of resilience˄ 㓽䆩偠˅ expansion index, swelling index㓽䆩偠 compression test㓽 compressive deformation㓽῵䞣 modulus of compressibility㓽㒓 compression curve, pressure –void ratio curve 㓽㋏ coefficient of compressibility㓽 compression index㓽 recompression㓽 expansion index, swelling index㒧 preconsolidation pressureℷ 㒧 normally consolidation soils , normally loadedsoil䍙㒧 overconsolidated soil⃴ 㒧 underconsolidated clay䍙㒧↨ over consolidation ratio㒧 structure strength⦄ 㓽㒓 field recompression curveϝ䕈 triaxial cellϝ䕈 Ԍ䆩偠 triaxial shear testϝ䕈 ⢊ triaxial state of stressϝ 㒧 three-dimensional consolidation䕈 axial strainԧ⿃ volumetric strainㄝ㒧 isotropic consolidation㒓 ῵䞣 gangent modulus㒓 ῵䞣 secant modulus῵䞣 initial modulus of deformation⌕ rheology⌕ ῵ rheological model⌕ 䆩偠㒓 rheological test curve㄀ϝ㡖 ≝䰡䞣䅵ㅫϡ ≝䰡 unequal settlement, differential settlementⶀ ≝䰡 distortion settlement, immediate settlement,initia l settlement㒧≝䰡 consolidation settlement⃵ 㒧≝䰡 secondary consolidation settlement䌃䆩偠 standard penetration test䴭㾺䆩偠 static cone penetration test㄀㡖佅 ԧ⏫⌕ 㒧⧚䆎㒧 consolidation㒧↨ consolidation radio㒧 degree of consolidation, percent consolidation 㒧Ҿ consolidation apparatus, consolidometer,oedomenter㒧 consolidation deformation㒧≝䰡 consolidation settlement㒧㒓 consolidation curve㒧䆩偠 consolidation test, oedometer test㒧䗳⥛ rate of consolidation㒧㋏ coefficient of consolidation≭ 㒧⧚䆎 Terzaghi’s consolidation theory↨ 㒧⧚䆎 Biot’s consolidation theory㄀Ѩゴ ⱘ㄀ϔ㡖 ԧ⸈ Ϣ ⧚䆎⸈ shear failure⒥ landslide, slide⒥ slide areashear strength⸈ failure criterion⚍ yield point䴶 yield surfaceyield value䔼䗍 yield locusyield stress῵ yield stress modelyield criterion⸈ failure stress⸈ failure criterionela stic stra inplastic strain⹀ strain-hardening⹀ work-hardening䕃 strain-softening䕃 work-softeningpeak strength⅟ԭ residual strength⢊ state of stressЏ principal stressЏ major principal stressЏ minor principal stressЁЏ intermediate principal stress㉬㘮 cohesion㾦 angle of internal frictionMohr’s circle㒓 Mohr’s envelopeҥ῵ Mohr-Coulomb modelҥ⧚䆎 Mohr-Coulomb theoryҥ Mohr-Coulomb criterion䰤㸵⢊ state of limit equilibrium⸈㺖䴶 plane of rupture, surface of rupture㸵⢊ elastic state of equilibrium, state of elasticequilibrium㄀Ѡ㡖 ⌟ 䆩偠䴶 plane strain䴶䆩偠Ҿ plane strain test apparatusⳳϝ䕈䆩偠Ҿ cubical triaxial test apparatusぎ ԧ䆩偠 hollow cylinder testⳈ 䆩偠 direct shear testջ䰤㓽䆩偠 unconfined compression testҾ vane borer䆩偠 vane shear test㄀ϝ㡖䏃 Ϣ⸈ Џ 㒓stress history∈ stress leveltotal stress analysis䏃 total stress path䏃 effective stress path⸈ Џ 㒓 failure line⸈ 㒓 envelope of failure㄀㡖 ⱘ⒥ sliding frictioninterlock friction㉬㘮 virginal cohesion㒧㉬㘮 consolidated cohesionЈ⬠ 䱭↨ critical void ratioϡ 㒧ϡ ∈ϝ䕈䆩偠 unconsolidated-undrained triaxial shear test 䆩偠 quick direct shear test㒧 ∈ϝ䕈䆩偠 consolidated-drained triaxial shear test㒧䆩偠 consolidated slow direct shear test㒧ϡ ∈ϝ䕈䆩偠 consolidated-undrained triaxial shear test 㒧䆩偠 consolidated quick direct shear test㒧 ∈Ⳉ 䆩偠 consolidated-drained direct shear test㄀Ѩ㡖 ⱘ Ϣⷖ ⱘ ⎆䳛 seismic forcedynamic response㥋䕑 dynamic load㥋䕑 cyclic loadingㅔ䇤 harmonic vibration乥⥛ frequencyamplitude of vibration㥋䕑 impact load⎆ liquefaction㄀ゴ㒧 ⠽Ϟⱘ㄀ϔ㡖 ὖ䗄retaining wallearth pressurerigid retaining wallflexible retaining wallЈ shoring䴭ℶ earth pressure at restЏ active earth pressure㹿 passive earth pressure㄀Ѡ㡖䴭ℶ 䅵ㅫ䴭ℶ ㋏ coefficient of earth pressure at rest㄀ϝ㡖㚃 ⧚䆎㚃 ⧚䆎 Rankine’s earth pressure theory㚃 Rankine’s earth pressureЏ ㋏ coefficient of active earth pressure㹿㋏ coefficient of passive earth pressure⸈㺖䴶 plane of rupture, surface of rupture㄀㡖 ҥ ⧚䆎ҥ ⧚䆎 Coulomb’s earth pressure theoryҥ Coulomb’s earth pressure䰤 ⢊ ultimate stressed state䰤㸵⢊ state of limit equilibrium㾷⊩˄ ˅ Culmann construction㉬ cohesive soil㉬ cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesivesoil㄀Ѩ㡖㚃⧚䆎Ϣ ҥ⧚䆎ⱘ↨䕗Ἠԧ wedge㄀㡖⾡㾕 ⱘЏ 䅵ㅫ䳛 earthquake䳛 seismic force䳛䗳 seismic acceleration㷩 creepfrozen soil㚔 frost heave㄀ϗ㡖 ㅵㄝ≝䴶˄ ㅵ˅ plane of equal settlementㅵ buried pipeջ lateral earth pressure㄀ϗゴ〇㄀ϔ㡖ὖ䗄slope✊ natural slopeҎ artifical slope⒥ landslide, slide⷇ earth-rock dam, earth-rockfill dam, embankmentdam䰤 limit analysis䰤 ⊩ finite element method㋏ factor of safety, safety factor㄀Ѡ㡖㉬ ⱘ〇⒥ slide⒥ 䴶 plane of sliding , slip surface⒥ hovering pressure⒥䰏 sliding resistance㄀ϝ㡖㉬ ⱘ〇㶎㒓 logarithmic spiral⒥ 䴶 Circular-slide surface⊩ finite slice method, slice method↩㙪 ㅔ ⊩ Bishop’s simplified method of sliceН ⊩ generalized procedure of slices䌍Ӻ㒑 ⊩ Fellenius method of slices⨲ ⊩ Swedish circle method䆌㋏ allowable safety factor㄀㡖䖍〇 ⱘ ⊩ ⊩䖍〇 slope stability䰏 frictional resistance㄀Ѩ㡖 ✊ ԧϞⱘ䖍〇䯂乬dislocation ,fault ⹀㉬ leck䕃 soft soil䕃㉬ soft clay。

土力学英译汉

Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and hydraulics in engineering problems related to soils . soil is natural aggregate of mineral grains , with or without organic constituents formed by the chemical and mechanical weathering of rock . it consists of three phases : solid mineral matter , water , and air or other gas . soil are extremely variable in composition , and it was this heterogeneity that long discouraged scientific studies of these deposits . gradually , the investigation of failures of retaining walls , foundations , embankments , pavements, and other structures resulted in a body of knowledge concerning the nature of soils and their behaviour sufficient to give rise to soil mechanics as a branch of engineering science .土力学是一门在工程上与土有关的科学,它使用了力学和水力学的定律。

土是含或不含有机质的矿物颗粒自然的堆积,是由岩石受到化学和力学机械风化而成。

土木工程专业外语词汇大全

土木工程专业外语词汇大全一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

土力学(中英文对照)-- Soil Mechanics

mv
ue t
k w
2 ue z2
ue t
c
v
2
ue z2
(4 .1 5 g )
where
k cv mv w
cv is called coefficient of consolidation (固结系数)
4.6.3 Solution of Consolidation Equation
volume compressibility ( 体积压缩数 ) [mv] remain constant throughout the consolidation process.
8. There is a unique relationship between void ratio and effective stress.
h
T?
h ?
Revision of last lecture
e : ’ curve
e : log ’ curve
e0 e1
’v0 ’v1
mv
1 1 e0
e1 e0 'v1 'v0
e0
e1
ee23 ’v1
’v0
Cc
e1 eo
log'v1 log'vo
Ce
e3 e2
log'v1 log'vo
4.6 Terzaghi’s one-dimensional consolidation theory (太沙基-单向固结理论)
4.6.1 Assumptions (假设)
1. Soil is homogeneous (均质).
2. Soil is fully saturated (饱和). 3. Solid particles and the pore water are incompressible (土粒与水不能

土力学英语词汇

Active earth pressureAdditional stress of the soils / vertical stress increment Angle of internal friction /friction angleAtterberg limit (liquid limit, plastic limit) Boussinesq theoryBulk deformation modulusBishop’s slice methodBouyant densityBouyant unit weightCapillaryClay /clayey soilsCoarse soils vs fine soilCoefficientCoefficient of earth pressure at restCompaction degreeCohesive soil vs incohesive soil , cohesive-less soil Consolidation degreeConsolidation undrainedConsolidation settlementCorner-point methodCoulomb’s theory of earth pressureCritical hydraulic gradient / quicksand /pipingDegree of saturationDesignDegree of compactionDry densityGravitational density / gravity density Earth pressure at restEffective stressEffective cohesionEffective angle of internal friction Elastic modulusExcessive pore-water pressure Factor of safety (****)Failure strengthFinal settlementFoundation / footing Groundwater tableGravitational retaining wallSemi-infinite bodyHead, water head , head of water Hydraulic gradientInternal friction angleJanbu’s method of slicesLimit of plasticity/ plastic limitModulus of deformationModulus of compressionMohr-Coulomb theory/ Mohr Coulomb lawMoisture content, water contentNatural angle of reposeNormal stressNon-cohesive soil/ cohesive-less soil/ incohesive soil Differential settlementOptimum moisture content / optimum water content Compaction degreeUnidirectional consolidation/ one-dimensional consolidation Over-consolidationPParticle densityParticle sizePassive earth pressurePermeabilityPlastic limitPore waterPore stressPipingPorosityPre-consolidation stress Poisson’s ratioPrinciple of effective stress PermeabilityPrinciple stressQuicksandRankine’s theory of earth pressure Relative densitySeepage forceTerzaghi’ theorySoil gradation / soil classification Flow nets and flow linesFalling-head method and constant-head method Critical hydraulic gradientQuicksand and pipingOpen-graded soilVertical total stress/ vertical stressVertical stress incrementPore-water pressureStresses under foundationLoad accentricityRebound modulusCompression coefficient/index Consolidation settlement/deformationPre-consolidation stressTime factorConsolidation degreeAngle of reposeMohr’s circleMohr’s Coulomb’s failure criterionCohesionState of limit equilibrium stressDirect shear testTri-axial shear testShear strengthRetaining wallAt rest, passive, and active earth pressureSoil slopeSoil slope analysisSliding forceAnti-sliding forceMethod of slicesSwedish slip circle method of analysis Bishop’s slice methodBishop’s slice methodFactor of safety。

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土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人：刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure)of subsoil地基附加应力（压力）σzadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［σ0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall) friction内摩擦角ϕ、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力σaverage heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率ηaverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q,、Nγ[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度(坡降)i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法bound water 结合水(束缚水)boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度d buoyant density 浮密度ρ'buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）γ’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数δs coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C c coefficient of earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数k h coefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数αsz、αsx、αsxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform round load at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数αr、rαcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αt1、αt2、1tα、2tαcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αc、cαcoefficient of vertical additional stress beneath a concentration load 集中应力系数αcoefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数m Vcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土cohesive soils 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数λccompactness 密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性compression index压缩指数C ccompression(constrained modulus)压缩（侧限）模量E scompression zone 受力层，压缩层compression-curves压缩曲线（e-p和e-log p曲线）compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P[static]cone penetration test[CPT]静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头confining pressure ［周］围压[力]consistency 稠度consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidated quick shear cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c cq 、ϕcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角c cu 、ϕcuconsolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d -t 和d -log t 曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降s c consolidation test (contain compression test )固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验）constrained diameter of soil partical限制粒径 d 60constrained modulus 侧限模量E scontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力）contaminated soil 污染土corner-point method 角点法Coulomb ’s theory of earth pressure库伦土压力理论creep 蠕变critical edge 、critical, ultimate load ofsubsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载p cr 、临界荷载p 1/3 p 1/4、极限荷载p u critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度i cr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石 culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验 Ddamping ratio 阻尼比λ Darcy ’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础deep mixing method 深层搅拌法 degree of compaction 压实度λcdegree of consolidation 固结度Udegree of saturation 饱和度S r densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度 depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数d c 、d q 、d γ differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性 diluvial fan 洪积扇diluvial soils 洪积土direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土disturbed samples 扰动土样double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角c d 、ϕddrained shear strength 排水抗剪强度τd［consolidated ］drained triaxial ［compression ］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验drift-sand 流砂［现象］dry density 干密度ρddry gravity density (unit weight)干重度(容重)γddynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量E ddynamic load 动荷载 dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验 dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量G ddynamic strain ，stress 动应变εd 、动应力σd EEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料 earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E 0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学 earth －rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角ϕ’effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力σ’effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotential lines 等势线excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress) 超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数C e expansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量sfinal settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s∞fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构flow line流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂[现象]fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率δeffree water 自由水free water elevation ，surface 地下水位freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base基底摩擦系数μfriction－resistance ratio摩阻比frost boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性frozen soils 冻土GGap－graded soil不连续级配土General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏generalized procedure of slices[GPS]普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc、σczgeosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察geotextiles土工织物glacial soils 冰积土grading curve 级配曲线grain size 粒径grain size accumulation curve粒径累计（积）曲线granularity 粒度gravel 圆砾gravelly sand 砾砂gravelly soils 砾类土gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水gravity density 重［力密］度γgravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数g c、g q、gγground treatment 地基处理ground water 地下水、潜水ground water level [GWL],groundwater elevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body)半空间（半无限体）Hansen’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度head [of water] 水头Hheavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT]重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度Hheigth of tensile area 拉力区高度hhigh liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Ihydraulic head 水头Hhydrometer method 比重计法hydrostatic pressure 静水压力Iillite 伊利石immediate settlement 瞬时沉降s dimpermeable lager，impervious stratum不透水层inclined load 倾斜荷载influence coefficients of settlement沉降影响系数ω、ωo、ωc、ωm、ωrinitial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量E i inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验intermediam liquid limit clay [CI]中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀isotropic soil各向同性土JJanbu’s method of slices 杨布条分法jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法joint节理Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K0－consolidation K0固结Llaminar flow 层流landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx,σcy laterite红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法length of foundation base 基础底面长度l limit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件limit of plasticity 塑限w P linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载 liquefaction 液化liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度liquid limit[LL] 液限w Lliquidity index[LI] 液性指数I Lloading test 载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML]低液限粘土、粉土MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩）major, intermediate, minor principle stress大、中、小主应力σ1、σ2、σ3marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法maximum ，minimum void ratio最大、最小孔隙比e max 、e minmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base基底最大、最小压力p max 、p minmaximum, minimum dry density最大、最小干密度ρdmax 、ρdminmaximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region塑性区最大发展深度z maxmedian grain diameter 中值粒径d 30medium sand 中砂 meniscus 弯液面 metamorphic rock 变质岩 method of slice 条分法 mingle soils 混合土 miscellaneous fill 杂填土mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量E 0 弹性模量Emodulus of recompression 再压缩模量 modulus of resilience 回弹模量 Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律moisture-density test 击实试验moisture ,water content 含水量(率)w montmorillonite 蒙脱石 muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土mulching soils 覆盖土mud pumping 翻浆冒泥Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角nomal stress 法向应力σx 、σy 、σznon-cohesive soils 无粘性土non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils]正常固结土Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed 、Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结（压密）optimum moisture ，（water ） content最优含水量(率)w oporganic soil 有机质土，有机土organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土 overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils] 超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio [OCR] 超固结（过压密）比 Pparameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size 粒径partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验 passive earth pressure 被动土压力E ppath of percolation 渗[透途]径Hpeat 泥炭pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量p i perched water 上层滞水perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验piezometric head 测压管水头piezometer head 测压管水头hpiping 管涌plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏plastic flow 塑流plastic limit[PL] 塑限w Pplastic strain 塑性应变plastic zone塑性区plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数I pplate loading test 平板载荷试验point loading 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μpoorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bpore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure先（前）期固结压力p c preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验primary consolidation 主固结primary mineral 原生矿物principal stress 主应力σ1、σ2、σ3principle of effective strress 有效应力原理proctor ［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportional limit load 比例界限荷载p prpumping test 抽水试验punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、m s、m wQuaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand 流砂[现象]quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c q、ϕqquick[shear] test 快剪试验RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论rate of settlement 沉降速率ratio of length to width 长宽比mrebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊[性]土，区域性土relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度D rresidual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石running sand 流砂[现象]rupture surface 破坏面Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土sandy soils, sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturated density 饱和密度ρsatsaturated gravity density 饱和重度γsatscale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading test[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Cαsecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降s ssecondary mineral 次生矿物secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepage[flow] 渗流（漏）seepage deformation渗透变形seepage failure 渗透破坏seepage discharge 渗流量Qseepage force 渗流力（动水力）G Dseepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度vseepage path 渗径[verticale ]self weight (geostatic)stress(pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz 、σcsemi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn shallow foundation浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数s c、s q、sγshear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量Gshear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度τfshear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力τsheet pile wall 板桩墙shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限w ssieve analysis test 筛分试验silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性slope wash,slope materials 坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction 慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c s、ϕsslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil 土soil classification 土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角ϕsoil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure and texture 土的结构和构造soil supporting layer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础soils improvement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles土粒比重G sspecific penetration resistance比贯入阻力p sspecific surface 比表面（积）split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)SPT blow count 标[准]贯[入试验锤]击数N square footing 方形基础stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number 稳定数N sstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test [SPT]标准贯入试验static penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度σfstip foundation条形基础Stokes’ law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils 碎石[类]土stress、strain 应力σ、应变εstress history，path,level应力历史、路径、水平stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度σastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度σpstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度σ0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgrade reaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base 基底平均附加压力psuperimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil 地基附加应力(压力)σzsurcharge[load] 超载surface tension 表面张力surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数C eswelling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜T[ground]table 地下水Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数i c、i q、iγtime factor 时间因数total stress总应力σtotal stress path [TSP]总应力路径transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test 真三轴试验two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密）two-dimensional flow 二维流turbulent flow 紊流Uultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力unconfined compression strength of remolded soil 重塑土的无侧限抗压强度q u'unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度q uunder consolidated soil 欠固结土underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样)uniformly distributed load 均布荷载undrained shear strength cohesion ,angle of internal f riction不排水抗剪强度τu、粘聚力c u、内摩擦角ϕυ[unconsolidation]undrained triaxial compression test[UU-test][不固结]不排水三轴压缩试验unit weight 容重γ[un]uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数C u unsaturated soil 非饱和土VVan der Waals’ [bonding]forces 范德华（键）力[field]Vane shear test [FVT][现场]十字板剪切试验vertical average degree of consolidation竖向平均固结度zUvertical force of foundation top基础顶面竖向力Fvertical time factor 竖向时间因数T vVesic’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity魏锡克极限承载力公式vibration frequency 振次n［dynamic］ viscosity［动力］粘[滞]度ηvoid ratio 孔隙比evolumetric strain 体应变volume of soil，soil particles (solids), water , air土、土粒、土中水、土中气的体积V、V s、V w、V avolume of void 孔隙体积V vvolume shrinkage ratio 体缩率WWater，moisture content 含水量(率)wwater content ratio 含水比uwater table 地下水位weak ground 软弱地基weathering 风化weighted average gravity density(unit weight) 加权平均重度(容重)γ0well-graded soil 良好级配土wet density 湿密度ρwidth of foundation base 基础底面宽度bYyeilding flow 塑流yellow clay ,loess 黄土yield 屈服yield criteria 屈服准则Young’s modulus,elastic modulus 弹性模量E11 / 11。

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