高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧

高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧

一、主旨大意题的命题形式

主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：

(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.

(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______.

(3)The text is mainly about ______.

(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.

(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.

(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?

(7)What is the main idea of this passage?

(8)What is the passage mainly about?

(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?

(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?

(13)What would be the best title for the text?

(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______

(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.

(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.

(18)What is the author's main purpose?

(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?

(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.

(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?

二、寻找主题句的方法

正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。

1. 主题句在文首

这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。如：(全国高考题)

A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students —18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening.

The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.

"Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable!" said a teacher from Guangdong province.

Named after China's most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission(国家教委) as the country's biggest and best contest of its kind.

This news story is mainly about ______.

A. when the contest started

B. how the contest got its name

C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest

D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest

【分析】这是一篇报道，文章的第一段只有两句话：“20个学生(2女18男)有充分的理由为自己感到自豪，因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖，是4百万参赛学生中的佼佼者”，下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道，因此，第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。

A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息，显然不合题意；D选项与主题句的意思完全一致，因此是正确答案。

2. 主题句在文中

这类文章写法上的特点是：开始部分是引题，接着是点题，最后是对主题进行叙述，主题句常常起着承上启下的作用。如：(全国高考题)

Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistline—which makes them look round, rather like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped.

There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the 'pears' have less internal fat, but the 'apples' have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.

The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting (节食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.

The text is mainly about ______.

A. fatness and health

B. ways to lose weigh

C. people's figures

D. distribution of fat

【分析】该文的第一段交代了脂肪在体内的分布状况；第二段交代了脂肪的种类及不同种类的脂肪与健康之间的关系；第三段讲的是减肥应该减掉哪一类脂肪以及节食存在的问题。很明显，第二段，特别是第二段的第二句，起着承上启下的作用，是该文的主题句。A选项符合主题句的意思，应该是正确答案；B选项与文章的意思无关；可以排除；C、D选项分别只与文章的部分信息有关，也可以排除。

3. 主题句在文末

这种写法的特点是：在叙述完某件事情或某个话题之后，用一句话交代事情的结果或对前面的叙述进行归纳。如：(广东高考题)

In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When