小升初英语语法数词专项讲解

小升初英语语法数词专项讲解

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用，如scores of people 指许多人;

b. 在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;

如：They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。

c. 表示"几十岁";

d. 表示"年代"，用 in +the +数词复数;

e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.

序数词的缩写形式： first---1st second---2nd

thirty-first---31st

a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount，length…) of… The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。

c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.

今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。

d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.

今年粮食产量增加了4倍。

构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数：

1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.

英语语法经典例题800例：非谓语动词（例题1）

1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

A. enter

B. to enter

C. entering

D. entered

(1) They did what they could to fort her. 他们尽量安慰她。

(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。

(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。

值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：

(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

A. to hope

B. hope

C. hoping

D. hoped

此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。

(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

A. practise

B. to practise

C. practising

D. practised

此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend …(in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.

A. improve

B. to improve

C. improving

D. to improving

此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to …是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”;二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。

2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

A. doing

B. to do

C. being doing

D. to be done

can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是 B：

She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

A cleaning B. to clean

C. cleaned

D. being cleaned

再请看以下试题：

While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

A. to persuade

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded

此题应选C，句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。

3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do

B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing

D. is devoted to doing

(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。