大学英语专业语法课件9-ing和ed分词ing and -ed Particple
ED分词ppt
2)关于“悬垂分词”可接受性问题 2)关于“悬垂分词” 关于
在科技语体中， 悬垂分词” 在科技语体中，“悬垂分词”以及无依着的 不定式结构用得较多，这应该视为正常， 不定式结构用得较多，这应该视为正常，因为科 技语体通常避免使用人称主语。例如： 技语体通常避免使用人称主语。例如：
Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form.
第三类包括like,want,wish,order等表示愿望 第三类包括like,want,wish,order等表示愿望、 等表示愿望、 要求、命令等意义的名词： 要求、命令等意义的名词：
I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the candal. He won’t like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting. The commander ordered the army unit (to be) reorganized. The views wish the serial film (to be) continued.
-ED分词 ED分词
冬季恋章
22.1 -ED作前置修饰语 ED作前置修饰语
1)来自及物动词的-ed作前置修饰语 来自及物动词的-ed作前置修饰语
来自及物动词的-ed做前置修饰语通常带有被动意义和完 自及物动词的 ed做前置修饰语通常带有被动意义和完 成意义；而能做上述用法的-ing分词有的来自及物动词， 成意义；而能做上述用法的-ing分词有的来自及物动词，有的 来自不及物动词，通常带有主动和未完成意义。例如： 来自不及物动词，通常带有主动和未完成意义。例如： Frozen food a freezing wind A bored traveller a boring journey A conquered army a conquering army A recorded talk a recording machine 有些-ed分词通常不能单独用做前置修饰语 但若加前缀分词通常不能单独用做前置修饰语， 有些-ed分词通常不能单独用做前置修饰语，但若加前缀un或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+ ed”的复合形容词以后， un或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+-ed”的复合形容词以后， 或者为副词所修饰而构成 便可做前置修饰语。例如： 便可做前置修饰语。例如： Uninvited guests farfar-fetched reasons UnheardUnheard-of stories half-baked ideas halfAn unexpected happening a properly-started engine properly-
-ed分词形容词与-ing分词形容词
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语法学案 动词ing 形式和 ed 形式
动词-ing和-ed形式分词是非谓语动词的一种，在句中起形容词和副词的作用。
可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
分词有两种：现在分词(v.-ing)和过去分词(v.-ed)。
分词的句法功能（一）作表语（二）作定语（单个分词做前置定语；分词短语做后置定语）1. 过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成或者只表示完成，如fallen leaves(落叶)。
2. 分词作定语常常相当于一个定语从句。
如：Those wishing to join this club should sign here.= Those who wish to join the club should sign here.The man, disturbed(扰乱;使干扰;使不安) so badly, almost lost his memory.=The man, who was disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.（三）作状语（四） 作宾语补足语【注意】分词作状语可以转化成相应的状语从句，如：1. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.= After he took a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.2. Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.= As/Because/Since he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.3. Given more time, we could do it better.= If we were given more time, we could do it better.4. Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.=When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.Practice makes perfect!-c).2. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. What is the function ofeach verb form?Last Tuesday, a Roots & Shoots project was set up in my community. As I walked down No. 1 Street, I saw volunteers 1 ____________ (encourage) people to join in. 2 _________ (inspire) by the message of the project, many people felt that we should act now, as we have seen an 3 ___________ (increase) number of highly 4 __________ (pollute) days this year.While recently, many have become more concerned about environmental protection, there are still some who haven’t, 5 ________ (think) that someone else will deal with theproblem. However, if everybody had that attitude, we would never see any environmental problems 6 ________ (solve) in our society. We should remember — it’s not just “me”!3. 【语境应用】完成句子。
ing分词ed分词.ppt
I scorn telling lies.
我痛恨（别人对我）说谎。
Байду номын сангаас
I scorn to tell a lie.
我不屑于说谎/我才不说谎呢。
(3) 在demand, deserve, need, require, want 等动词后面， -ING 分词的主动形式表示被动的意思。
Chance to do sth. : happen to do sth. 碰巧作某事
He chanced to find his lost bike in front of a store.
Mind doing sth.: 介意/反对作某事
Mind to do sth. : 留心作某事
Mind to mail the letter.
（2）独立分词结构 Weather permitting, we’ll be going fishing tomorrow. All the money having been spent, we started looking
for work. The old man often takes a walk after supper with his
There’s no knowing the future.----- It’s impossible to know the future, or we can’t know the future
2、宾语 -ING分词和不定式作宾语的区别 （1）不定式表示一次具体动作； -ING分词表示重
(5) begin, start 下列情况只能用to do 作宾语 begin, start 本身为进行体： I was beginning to get angry. 如所接动词为表示心理活动的动词，如
动词ing和 ed作形容词PPT教学课件
3. I’m __t_ir_e_d___( tire) of watching TV; let’s go to bed. 4. You look __t_r_o_u_b_le_d_( trouble ) ; is anything worrying you? 5. The __tr_o_u_b_l_i_n_g_( trouble ) news kept them awake all night. 6. The _t_ir_i_n_g_____(tire) work made them lose their temper. 7. The employer seemed ___s_a_ti_s_fi_e_d___(satisfy) with her work.
11. I’m very __in_t_e_r_e_st_e_d__(interest) in history.
2020/12/10
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1. They were __w_o_r_r_ie_d___(worry ) that the hijackers will make further demands.
People who make a lot of noise are__a_n_n_o_y_in__g___. (annoy) They annoy people, so they are __a_n_n_o_y_in__g__people.
These people are __a_n_n_o_y_in__g___ to others. The noise these people make is__a_n_n_o_y_i_n_g______.
非谓语动词动词ing之用法精讲课件
在描述习惯性或抽象的 动作时，动词ing形式更 为常见。
在描述已经完成或被动 的动作或状态时，过去 分词更为常见。
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练习与巩固
选择题练习
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考，考察学生对 非谓语动词动词ing形式的理解和 应用，包括其在句子中的功能、 时态和语态等方面的知识。
填空题练习
应用实践
动词ing形式作表语
强调主语的特性
动词ing形式作表语时，还可以强调主语的某个特性或特点。 例如，“He is considering buying a new car”这句话中 ，“buying a new car”作为表语，强调了“他”正在考虑 的事情是买车这个行为。
动词ing形式的独立使用
动词ing形式的特殊用法
作主语
作表语
动词ing可以作为主语，表示进行某项 动作或状态。
动词ing可以作为表语，表示主语的状 态或特征。
作宾语
动词ing可以作为宾语，表示进行某项 动作或状态。
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动词ing形式与其它非谓语动 词的对比
动词ing形式与不定式的对比
动词ing形式与不定式在句子中都可以 做主语、宾语、表语和定语，但它们 在某些情况下有明显的区别。
在描述一次性或具体的动作时，不定 式更为常见，而在描述习惯性或抽象 的动作时，动词ing形式更为常见。
动词ing形式通常表示正在进行的动作 或状态，而不定式则强调动作的起点 和终点。
动词ing形式与过去分词的对比
动词ing形式与过去分词在句子中都可以做定语和表语，但它们在某些情况下有明显 的区别。
作为独立成分使用
动词ing形式可以独立使用，作为句子中的 独立成分，表达一个完整的概念或意义。例
如，“Coming home late again tonight”这句话中，“coming home late again tonight”作为一个独立的动词ing形 式，表达了“今晚又回来晚了”这个意思。
-ing分词&-ed分词
I regret telling you that John stole it. =I regret that I told you John stole it. I regret to tell you that John stole it. =I am sorry to tell you that John stole it.
d)在attempt, intend, plan之后，既可跟不定式， 也可跟-ing分词。例如： She attempted to lie/lying. I hear they intend to marry/marrying. I planned to go/going myself.
但以跟不定式比较普通。如果上述动词为进行 体，那就只能跟不定式。例如： We are planning to visit France this summer.
2)动词+宾语+介词+-ing分词 有一些动词不能直接带-ing分词，而必须在动词之 后加宾语再加介词，然后才能带-ing分词。这里常 见的介词是into和from。 He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was rich. Don’t let his friendly words mislead you into trusting him. Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition. There was nothing to prevent her from doing so. 主动语态的时候上面句子中的from有时候可以省略， 但是被动态的时候介词不能省略。例如可以说： It can’t be stopped from happening here. 而不可以说： It can’t be stopped happening here. (P. 242-243)
英语-ing 和-ed区分
E.g. boiling water; the coming winter E.g. The bottle containing the poison was sent to the
laboratory. E.g. Opening the door, I saw nobody. (time) E.g. Bill, being fond of a drink, naturally sampled all the
❖ 3. Collocation of –ing participle with verbs
❖ 1) Verb + -ing form (as an object) ① admit, acknowledge, confess, deny + doing sth. ② finish, recall, resume + doing sth. ③ postpone, put off, delay, give up, avoid, overlook,
1. Different forms of –ing participle
Active voice
Progressive aspect (not) doing
Perfective aspect (not) having done
Passive (not) being done (not) having been done voice
Lecture 21 – ing Participle
Verb -- ① main verbs and auxiliaries (depending on the different roles played in the formation of verb phrases)
语法-ed-分词PPT课件
closed, decided, dedicated, delighted,
devoted, disappointed, discourage, distinguished, educated等
.
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E.g. The file is rusted. She is deeply read in the
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主语补语
在分词（短语）作宾语补语的句子中，当宾 语变成主语时（句中的谓语用被动语态）， 则原来的宾语补语变成主语补语。 All the doors were found locked. They should be kept informed of the latest developments in biochemistry.
Frustrated, she went back to her home.
.
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伴随情况状语 表示伴随的情况、陪衬性的动作或补充说
明，通常放于句末，相当于并列分句。
He ended his speech, cheered by the whole audience.
The children watched the acrobatic show, fascinated.
.
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关于“悬垂分词”
❖又叫“无依着分词”，指-ing 或-ed分词结构在句中找不到 它的逻辑主语，因而处于一种 “悬垂”状态，即“无依着” 状态
.
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“依着法则”和“悬垂分词”
❖ 当-ing或-ed分词结构在句中起关系分句 或状语分句作用时，它们都有逻辑主语， 这种逻辑主语有时就是主句的主语。
The glass plate is broken.
动词ing和动词ed的用法
动词ing和动词ed的用法动词ing和动词ed是英语中常见的两种动词形式。
它们在句子中的用法和含义有所不同，下面将详细介绍它们的用法。
首先，动词ing形式通常表示正在进行或持续进行的动作。
例如，"I am studying for my exam."（我正在为考试而学习。
）这里的"studying"表示正在进行的动作。
另外，动词ing形式还可以用作名词，表示一种活动或状态。
例如，"Swimming is my favorite sport."（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
）这里的"swimming"表示一种活动。
其次，动词ed形式通常表示已经完成的动作或状态。
例如，"I have finished my homework."（我已经完成了作业。
）这里的"finished"表示已经完成的动作。
另外，动词ed形式还可以用作形容词，表示被动或描述性质。
例如，"I am interested in the book."（我对这本书感兴趣。
）这里的"interested"表示被动或描述性质。
此外，动词ing和动词ed形式还可以用作动词的补语。
动词ing形式作为补语时，通常表示主语的状态或感受。
例如，"I am happy."（我很快乐。
）这里的"happy"表示主语的状态。
动词ed形式作为补语时，通常表示主语的感受或经历。
例如，"I am excited about the trip."（我对这次旅行感到兴奋。
）这里的"excited"表示主语的感受。
此外，动词ing和动词ed形式还可以用作动词的宾语。
动词ing形式作为宾语时，通常表示动作的对象或目标。
例如，"I enjoy reading books."（我喜欢读书。
大学语法-ed分词
上述带从属连词的-ed分词分句也可以看作是一种省 略从属分句，省略的部分总是”主语+be的一定形 式“，省略的主语即分句逻辑主语。
一、现在分词和过去分词的区别
• 现在分词和过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时 间概念上。总体而言，现在分词表示主动和进行， 过去分词表示被动和完成。例如： • He cut himself while shaving.他刮胡子的时候刮 伤了脸（相对于主语而言，现在分词表示主动） • Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful。从山顶看下去，这个公园更 加漂亮（相对于主语而言，过去分词表示被动） • We have to be more flexible when facing the challenges from the changing world.当面对来自 变化的世界的挑战时，我们需要更灵活。（facing 表示主动，changing表示进行）
-ed分词作前置修饰语
1.来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语
• 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语通常 带有被动意义和完成一一；而能作上述用 法的-ing分词有的来自及物动词，有的来自 不及物动词，通常带有主动意义和未完成 意义。试比较： • Frozen food a freezing wind • A bored traveller a boring journey • A lost cause a losing battle
有些-ed分词通常不能单独用作前置修饰语，但若加 前缀un-或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+-ed分词” 的复合形容词以后，便可作前置修饰语。例如：
• Uninvited guests • Untold sufferings • Unheard-of stories
不定式-ing分词和ed分词间的关系
语法结构- 不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词三者间的关系一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.［A］cheating［B］to cheat［C］be cheated［D］being cheated2) News of success keeps in.［A］pouring［B］to pour［C］poured［D］to be pouring3) Long ［A］before the dawn ［B］of recorded ［C］history, humans celebrated to harvest ［D］their crops.2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.［A］having launched［B］to have launched［C］to launch［D］launched5) The applicants interviewing ［A］are required to ［B］bring all the necessary papers ［C］two days later ［D］.6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves ［A］occasionally contain ［B］enough hydrocyanic acid killing ［C］livestock(牲畜) ［D］.3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语4. 在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同They stopped (talking) to work. ［停下(其他动作)来工作］They stopped working. ［停下工作(来干其他动作)］Workers went on discussing the problem. ［工人继续讨论这一问题］Workers went on to discuss the problem.［工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题］He left off writing.［他停下写作(去干其他事)］He left off to write.［他停下(其他事)来写作］6. … used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.［A］has worked［B］had worked［C］had been worked［D］used to work8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.［A］get used to［B］get to［C］get over［D］get on with9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging ［A］in the crisp morning ［B］air during ［C］the winter months ［D］, but now he has stopped.7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.［A］to be［B］being［C］to have been［D］having been8. be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-INGIt is very difficult to manage the company.二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。
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Note that non-finite construction traditionally refers to infinitive, participle (present & past), and gerund. In our course book, the present participle and gerund are both treated as “– ing participle”. Now let’s review the passive and perfective form of –ing participle.
Non-finite verb as object
• Observe the following pairs of sentences with –ing participles, what differences can you find among them?
• He denied giving any help to the police.
• The theft admitted stealing the picture.
The logical subject is identical with the main clausesubject (V+ -ing participle)
• Do you mind my smoking here?
The passive and perfective form of –ing participle
perdoing
having done
Passive form being done having been done
The passive and perfective form of –ing participle
• Non-finite verb as object . • Non-finite verb as subject. • Non-finite verb as complement. • Non-finite verb as adverbial
Non-finite verb as object
• There are verbs that can be followed by an –ing form rather than an infinitive as object.
• These verbs include: admit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can’t help / resist / stand, mind, consider, avoid, defer, contemplate, delay, deny, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate, fancy, favor, finish, give up, imagine, include, pardon, postpone, practise, resent, risk, suggest, stop, etc.
• Do you mind John’s smoking here?
-ing participle has logical subject of its own (genitive noun+ -ing participle)
• Do you mind me smoking here? • Do you mind John smoking here? In colloquial speech
The syntactic function of nonfinite verbs
• Recall that we have mentioned that non-finite form can function as any sentence elements other than predicate verb. Now let’s have more discussions on this.
Non-finite verb as object
• V + object +preposition + -ing participle
• Such verbs as follows can enter this pattern: trick, mislead, shame, surprise, trap, stop, prevent, restrain,
• Compare: • I hate interrupting others. • I hate being interrupted. • He denied having been there. • He never denied having been told about this. • Seeing the scene, she could not help missing
her mother. • Having taken some medicine, she gradually
recovered. • Having been told the truth, she is feeling better
now.
• In what follows, we will concern ourselves with the syntactic functions of the non-finite predicates, with a special focus on –ing and –ed participle. We will also make a contrastive study between – ing participle and corresponding use of the infinitive.