最新英语考研12篇排序题答案
考研英语试题含解答共10题
考研英语试题含解答共10题阅读理解Passage 1:Many people believe that money is the key to happiness. However, research has shown that this is not necessarily true. While money can provide a certain level of comfort and security, it does not guarantee happiness. In fact, studies have found that once a person's basic needs are met, additional wealth does not lead to a significant increase in happiness. Other factors, such as relationships, personal fulfillment, and a sense of purpose, play a much larger role in determining one's overall happiness.Question 1: What does research suggest about the relationship between money and happiness?A) Money is the most important factor for happiness.B) Money guarantees happiness in all situations.C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.D) Relationships and personal fulfillment are unrelated to happiness.Answer: C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.解析：文章讲述了关于金钱和幸福之间关系的研究。
考研英语试题精解及答案
考研英语试题精解及答案1. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.In a world where technology is advancing at an unprecedented rate, the role of education has become more critical than ever. The integration of technology in classrooms has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. However, the rapid pace of technological change also presents challenges for educators who must keep up with the latest developments to effectively utilize these tools in their teaching practices.2. Question: What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To highlight the importance of technology in education.B. To discuss the challenges faced by educators due to technological advancements.C. To argue that technology has revolutionized the educational system.D. To emphasize the need for continuous learning in the field of education.Answer: A3. Question: According to the passage, how has technology impacted the educational system?A. It has made learning more difficult for students.B. It has replaced the need for teachers in classrooms.C. It has changed the way students learn and teachers teach.D. It has led to a decline in the quality of education.Answer: C4. Question: What is one of the challenges mentioned for educators in the passage?A. They need to learn new teaching methods.B. They need to keep up with the latest technological developments.C. They need to reduce the use of technology in classrooms.D. They need to focus on traditional teaching methods.Answer: B5. Directions: Complete the sentence by choosing the correct option from the brackets.The use of interactive whiteboards in classrooms has significantly improved student engagement and (A) participation / (B) isolation.Answer: A6. Directions: Choose the best word to fill in the blank.Despite the numerous benefits of incorporating technology into education, there are concerns that it may lead to anover-reliance on digital tools, potentially (A) undermining / (B) enhancing the importance of human interaction in the learning process.Answer: A7. Directions: Read the following dialogue and answer the question that follows.Student: I'm really struggling with the new online learning platform. It's so confusing!Teacher: Don't worry. It's normal to feel overwhelmed at first. With a little practice, you'll get the hang of it.Question: What is the teacher's advice to the student?A. To give up on the online learning platform.B. To practice using the platform more.C. To ask a friend for help.D. To focus on traditional learning methods.Answer: B8. Directions: Identify the main idea of the following statement."The integration of technology in education has not only made learning more interactive and engaging but also has provided teachers with a wealth of resources to enhance their teaching methods."Main Idea: The positive impact of technology integration in education.9. Directions: Match the following terms with their correct definitions.A. Blended learning - a teaching method that combines traditional classroom learning with online learning.B. Flipped classroom - a teaching approach where students learn new material at home and work on assignments in class.C. E-learning - a system of education where instruction is delivered through digital technology.Answer: A - C, B - A, C - B10. Directions: Summarize the main points of the passage in no more than three sentences.The passage discusses the critical role of education in a technologically advancing world, how technology has transformed learning and teaching, and the challenges educators face in keeping up with these rapid changes. It emphasizes the importance of continuous learning for educators to effectively use technology in their teaching practices.。
考研英语完形备战：排序题练习(四)
考研英语完形备战：排序题练习（四）[A] Twelve years ago, Lawler recalls, a member of the staff brought in an article about the decline in children's health: “We said, ‘We have these kids five days a week. We should be able to do something.’”At that time, Lawler and his staff had a basketball court, a playing field---and a student body that dreaded the twice-yearly 1-mile run to measure fitness. So they eliminated the semiannual curse, requiring instead that every student run every week. "You wouldn't believe the line outside the nurse's office with kids and their medical excuses," says Lawler. But slowly the kids got over it---and into it.[B] Just as attitudes about PE and fitness are shifting, however, even the most enlightened teachers are finding themselves obstructed in their efforts. More and more schools are cutting back or eliminating PE instruction entirely. Illinois is the only state in the nation that requires daily physical education for grades K-12. But even in Illinois, schools can get waivers to replace PE with activities like band or choir. Only 8 percent of U.S. elementary schools 6.4 percent of middle schools, and 5.8 percent of high schools provide daily physical education for the entire school year.A quarter of all school children don't get PE classes at all. Indeed, one study indicates that today's grandparents are more active than their grandchildren--a fact almost certainly tied to the doubling of overweight children over the past 20 years.[C] The Nashville schools have fitness centers, complete with stationary bikes and a climbing wall, in-line skates, heart-rate monitors for every kid, and--perhaps most important--a coaching staff with a shared epiphany about the links between childhood obesity and physical education.[D] But the real value may be in showing all children, including those without athletic talent, the value of fitness.[E] Welcome to the "new PE'---and not a minute too soon for any kid who has been picked last, Consigned to right field, or left dangling halfway up the climbing rope. The idea is to get away from the jock culture---fastest, strongest, most athletic---and instead start all kids on a road to lifelong fitness. And that starts with no humiliation. The Nashville, Ill., district, where Lawler teaches, has been highlighted in a government-funded book, Active Youth, as a model in promoting physical activity for children.[F] There's no doubt that schools are squeezed for time and money. Parents want electives like foreign languages and music as well as AP courses, which count heavily in college admissions. In addition, teachers are struggling to boost scores on national tests, all at a time when school districts are faced with tight budgets. Gym class often little more than dodge ball to begin with--is typically the first subject to get the budget ax. Even recess, a poor substitute for true health education, can be pulled out of the day's mix. One California parent said teachers would count field-trip time---walking to a community center, for example---as part of required physical education time.[G] Even so, it wasn't until four years ago that Lawler realized he was pushing some kids too hard. It was the heart monitors that changed his thinking. It turns out the kids were already working at their maximum aerobic capacity, even many of the apparent slackers, but he couldn't determine that just by watching them. He'd try to motivate them to work harder. After the monitors showed indisputably that they were working hard, he made several changes in the program,including switching from a mile run to a 13-minute run. The kids now know that distance and speed don't matter. Whether they're walking, running, in-line skating, playing soccer, or using the fitness center, what matters is that they're in motion long enough to keep their heat rate "in the zone"---the 145 to 166 beats per minute a 12-year-old needs to give the heart a good workout.[E]→1.[ ]→2.[ ]→3.[ ]→4.[ ]→5.[ ]→[D]小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。
研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)
Unit OneTask 11.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.D 8.C 9.A10.D 11.A 12.BTask 21.public(c)2.discipline(b)3.strength(a)4.reference(a)5.strength(d)6.public(a)7.demonstrated(b)8.discipline(c) 9.references(c)10.personality(a)11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a)13.public(d) 14.reference(b)15.personality(c)Task 31.employment2.paid3.adjust4.setting5.discouraged6.credit7.cite8.demonstrate 9.teamwork10.rulesUnit TwoTask 11.A2.B3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A 10.CTask 21. bud (n.); budding (adj.)2. access (n.); access (v.)3. taste (n.);tasted (v.)4. fool (n.); fooling (v.)5. produces (v.); produce (n.)6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.)7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.)9. named (v.); name (n.)10. practiced (v.); practice (n.)Task 31) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presentedUnit ThreeTask 11.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.ATask 21. stack up against2. struck a chord3. amounted to4. chopping off5. appeal to6. pick up on7. turned out 8. fade away9. brought together 10. pulled off11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear ofTask 31) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbedUnit FourTask 11.A2. A3. C4. B5. B6. C7. D8. C9. A10. CTask 21. maintained (a)2. romantic (a)3. essential (a)4. essentials (c)5. dimension (c)6. intimate (a)7. maintains (c)8. defies (b)9. intimated (d) 10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a) 12. romantic (b)13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c)Task 31) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect 4) important5) whomever 6) candidates 7) highly 8) essential9) suitable 10) sufficientUnit FiveTask 11. B2. D3. C4. B5. C6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. A 11.C 12. D 13. BTask 21. A. masterpieces B. masteredC. mastery2. A. committed B. commissionC. commitment3. A. executing B. executionC. executive4. A. presentation B. representedC. presentedD. present5. A. inventors B. investorsC. innovator6. A. breath B. breathingC. breathtakingD. breathless7. A. physical B. physiologicalC. psychological8. A. discipline B. routineC. discipline9. A. practice B. performedC. perfectD. proper10. A. reaction B. reconciliationC. resistanceD. response Task 31) written 2) practiced 3) adapted 4) fundamental 5) soul6) described 7) mental 8) state of being 9) pictured 10) exercises11) control 12) experiences 13) including 14) individuals 15) medicalUnit SixTask 11.B2. D3.A4. C5. B6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. CTask 21. contented2. convention3. tall4. curiously5. Convention6. content7. execute8. curious9. execute 10. count 11. content 12. conventions 13. count 14. convention 15. tallTask 31) sheer 2) subject 3) contradictory 4) worldly 5) chaotic6) sophisticated 7) violence 8) glamorous 9) crime 10) safestUnit SevenTask 11.A2. C3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. C9. A 10. CTask 2Step 1partially unfoldunselfishness/selfishnessimperfect employee proverbial refinement indestructiblecriminalmistakealteration liar considerabletraitorphilanthropistStep 21. indestructible2. mistook3. unselfishness4. imperfect5. alteration6. traitor7. considerable8. liar9. employees 10. unfolds 11. refinement 12. philanthropist 13. criminal 14. partially 15. proverbialTask 31. So far as I'm concerned2. should endeavor to measure whether predetermined goals are being achieved3. has been engrossed in conversation with all night4. draw conclusions from the results of a single survey5. He had no friends nor acquaintances6. did she tell him about the attack7. as we had seen8. that he had had a family himself9. the problems you mention are inherent in the system10. young people conscientious in their work/young people who are conscientious in their work11. deviated from her custom12. at the peril of your own life/at your own peril13. taken on a new dimension14. capable of looking after myself15. in much the same way as it was 200 years ago16. rescue the sailors from the sinking ship 17. Portugal participated in the war18. due to our ignoranceUnit EightTask 1Step 11. boot---e, m2. bound--c, j3. fatal--b, q4. negotiate--g, n5. net---a, f, 16. the odds--h, i7. reward--k, o 8. vacuum---d, pStep 21. boot (m)2. vacum (p)3. rewarded (o)4. reward (k)5. net (f)6. negotiating (n)7. odds (h)8. odds (i)9. Fatal (b) 10. negotiations (g)Task 21. A. black and white B. in black and white C. black-and-white2. A. on the scene B. sets the scene C. behind the scenes3. A. make no difference B. make a differenceC. make any differenceD. make all the difference4. A. work on B. works against C. work out5. A. spread to B. spreading out C. spread throughTask 31.A2.B3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.D 10.CUnit NineTask 11.A2. D3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. ATask 21. crammed (b)2. balloon (a)3. crash (a)4. crammed (a)5. crashed(a)6. crammed (d)7. ballooned (c)8. crash (b)9. balloon (b) 10. slumped(b)11. trust (c) 12. trust (d) 13. liberal (c) 14. slump (c) 15. liberals(b)16. trust (b)Task 31)A 2) D 3) B 4) B 5) C6) C 7) A 8) A 9) D10) DUnit TenTask 1I.A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B7. C 8. D 9. A 10. BTask 21. underlying2. immune3. impart4. imperative5. vulnerable6. diffused7. foremost8. scholarly9. illuminated 10. eloquenceTask 31) deeper 2) contribute 3) explore 4) potential 5) how 6) productive 7) likely 8) produce 9) Nationally 10) dedicated。
考研英语排序题真题答案
考研英语排序题真题答案在考研英语阅读理解部分，排序题要求考生根据文章的逻辑顺序，将打乱的段落重新排列。
以下是一篇排序题的真题及答案解析：原文段落：A. However, the majority of the population still relies on traditional methods for their daily transportation.B. In recent years, the use of electric vehicles has become increasingly popular.C. The introduction of electric buses has significantly reduced the carbon footprint in some cities.D. Despite the advancement in technology, there has been a slow adoption of electric vehicles.E. The government has been promoting the use of electric vehicles through various incentives.F. The transition from traditional to electric vehicles is not without its challenges.正确排序：B, E, C, D, A, F答案解析：1. B - 段落B作为开头，引出主题，即近年来电动车的流行。
2. E - 段落E紧接着B，说明政府如何通过激励措施来推广电动车的使用。
3. C - 段落C进一步阐述了电动车带来的积极影响，即减少碳足迹。
4. D - 段落D转折，指出尽管技术进步，但电动车的普及仍然缓慢。
5. A - 段落A进一步解释了D中提到的慢速普及的原因，即大多数人仍然依赖传统交通方式。
英语考研排序题真题及答案
英语考研排序题真题及答案英语考研的排序题是一种常见的题型，它要求考生根据给定的段落或句子，将其正确地排序，以恢复文章的逻辑顺序。
这类题目考察考生对英语文章结构、逻辑关系以及上下文连贯性的理解能力。
真题示例：1. A. However, the new findings suggest that the impact ofthe virus on the brain is not as severe as previously thought.2. B. But the researchers also found that the virus can cause some damage to the brain.3. C. The latest study on the virus has revealed some interesting results.4. D. In fact, the virus can cause no damage to the brain at all.5. E. This is a significant discovery because it changes our understanding of the virus's effects.答案：3-B-A-E-D解析：- 首先，C句作为首句，引出了研究的主题，因此是第一句。
- 接着，B句中的"but"表明它与前文有转折关系，而A句中的"However"与"the new findings"呼应，说明B和A是紧密相连的，且B在A之前。
- E句中的"This is a significant discovery"是对前文的总结，因此它应该在A句之后。
- 最后，D句中的"In fact"进一步强调了E句中的发现，所以D是最后一句。
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试卷与参考答案
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)复习试卷与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Part A: Cloze TestRead the following passage and choose the best word for each blank from the options given below. There are twenty blanks in the passage. Each blank has four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.The rise of the Internet has 1 a significant impact on the way people 2 information. With just a few clicks, one can access a vast array of resources and 3 from around the world. However, this 4 in information access has also brought about challenges. Here is a story that illustrates the complexities of our digital age.In a small town, a young girl named Lily was 5 her studies. She was particularly 6 in learning about the world beyond her village. One day, while browsing the Internet, she stumbled upon an article about climate change. The article 7 her curiosity and she began to research further.Lily found a website that offered a variety of 8 on environmental issues. She spent hours reading about the effects of global warming and the importanceof sustainable practices. As she learned more, she felt 9 to make a difference in her community.10, Lily organized a local clean-up drive. She 11 her friends and neighbors to join her, and together they collected trash and cleaned up the local park. The event received 12 from the community, and it inspired others to take action.Despite the positive outcome, Lily realized that there was still much work to be done. She 13 to join a local environmental group to 14 her knowledge and skills. The group organized workshops and community outreach programs to educate people about environmental issues.As Lily continued her journey, she 15 that technology could be a double-edged sword. While it provided access to information, it also 16 distractions and could lead to 17 attention spans. She learned to balance her use of the Internet with other activities and discovered that 18 the right balance was crucial.One day, while 19 the news, Lily read about a global initiative to reduce plastic waste. She 20 the opportunity to participate and reached out to her environmental group. Together, they organized a campaign to promote the use of reusable bags and educate people about the impact of single-use plastics.1.A. A. resulted inB. B. contributed toC. C. led toD. D. caused2.A. gatherB. B. acquireC. C. searchD. D. seek3.A. experiencesB. B. perspectivesC. C. knowledgeD. D. insights4.A. increaseB. B. expansionC. C. surgeD. D. boost5.A. dedicated herself toB. B. immersed herself inC. C. focused onD. D. involved herself in6.A. enthusiastic aboutB. B. fascinated byC. C. interested inD. D. excited about7.A. sparkedB. B. ignitedC. C. arousedD. D. stimulated8.A. articlesB. B. resourcesC. C. materialsD. D. publications9.A. motivatedB. B. determinedC. C. inspiredD. D. encouraged10.A. SubsequentlyB. B. ConsequentlyC. C. EventuallyD. D. Immediately11.A. invitedB. B. encouragedC. C. persuadeD. D. asked12.A. supportB. B. recognitionC. C. enthusiasmD. D. appreciation13.A. decidedB. B. volunteeredC. C. attemptedD. D. agreed14.A. enhanceB. B. expandC. C. improveD. D. develop15.A. recognizedB. B. realizedC. C. acknowledgedD. D. admitted16.A. offeredB. B. providedC. C. causedD. D. resulted in17.A. shorterB. B. briefC. C. conciseD. D. limited18.A. findingB. B. maintainingC. C. achievingD. D. striking19.A. watchingB. B. listening toC. C. readingD. D. scanning20.A. seizedB. B. grabbedC. C. tookD. D. embracedAnswers:1.A. resulted in2.B. acquire3.C. knowledge4.C. surge5.A. dedicated herself to6.B. fascinated by7.A. sparked8.B. resources9.C. inspired10.C. Eventually11.A. invited12.B. recognition13.B. volunteered14.A. enhance15.B. realized16.C. caused17.A. shorter18.D. striking19.C. reading20.D. embraced二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The Role of Technology in EducationEducation has always been a fundamental factor for societal development. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, it’s becoming increasingly clear that traditional methods of teaching are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of today’s digital natives. The integration of technology into education is not just about equipping students with computer skills; it’s also about transforming the way we teach and learn.One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is its ability to personalize learning experiences. Adaptive learning software cantailor educational content to the specific needs of each student, ensuring that every learner gets the support they require. Furthermore, online platforms provide access to a wealth of information and resources that would otherwise be unavailable to many students, particularly those in remote or underprivileged areas.However, critics argue that an over-reliance on technology might lead to a loss of essential human interaction and the development of social skills. There is also concern about the potential for increased screen time to have negative effects on children’s health and well-being. Despite these concerns, proponents of educational technology believe that if used correctly, it can enhance rather than detract from the educational experience.As technology continues to evolve, so must our approach to education. It is clear that there is a need for a balanced integration of traditional teaching methods with modern technological tools. Only by embracing this hybrid model can we ensure that future generations are adequately prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.Questions:1、What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding technology in education?A)Technology should replace traditional teaching methods.B)Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.C)Technology is detrimental to the educational process.D)Technology has no place in the classroom.Answer: B) Technology should complement traditional teaching methods.2、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of using technology in education?A)It increases the amount of homework students receive.B)It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.C)It makes traditional teaching methods obsolete.D)It decreases the need for teachers in the classroom.Answer: B) It personalizes learning experiences for individual students.3、What concern does the passage mention regarding the use of technology in education?A)It may cause a decrease in the use of textbooks.B)It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.C)It could lead to an increase in physical activity among students.D)It ensures that all students have equal access to information.Answer: B) It might result in a lack of social interaction among students.4、How does the passage suggest that technology affects access to information?A)It limits access to information only to those who can afford it.B)It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.C)It restricts the types of information available to students.D)It has no impact on how students access information.Answer: B) It provides broader access to information for students in remote areas.5、What does the passage imply about preparing future generations?A)They should rely solely on technology for learning.B)They should reject modern educational tools in favor of traditional ones.C)They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.D)They should focus exclusively on developing social skills without technology.Answer: C) They should be taught using a combination of traditional and modern methods.第二题Reading PassageIn the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people lived and worked. This period of rapid industrialization led to the development of factories, the mass production of goods, and a shift from an agrarian society to an urban one. The following article discusses the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society and the environment.The Impact of the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, was a period of profound economic and social change in Europe and North America. It was marked by the transition from hand production methods to machines, and by the introduction of new chemical, iron, steel, and coal industries. This transition had a profound impact on the lives of people, and it brought about both positive and negative consequences.One of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution was the urbanization of society. As factories were built in cities, people moved fromrural areas to urban centers in search of work. This led to the growth of cities and the creation of slums, where many workers lived in poor conditions. The overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in these areas contributed to the spread of diseases such as cholera and tuberculosis.Another consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the degradation of the environment. The burning of coal and the release of pollutants into the air and water led to air and water pollution, which had serious health implications for people and animals. The deforestation and soil erosion that resulted from the expansion of industrial activities also had a detrimental effect on the natural landscape.Despite these negative impacts, the Industrial Revolution also brought about many positive changes. The mass production of goods led to a significant increase in the standard of living for many people. The development of new technologies, such as the steam engine and the telegraph, improved communication and transportation, making the world a smaller place. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution led to the rise of the middle class, which had a profound impact on social and political structures.Questions:1、What was one of the most significant impacts of the Industrial Revolution on society?A. The decline of agricultureB. The urbanization of societyC. The decrease in populationD. The increase in unemployment2、Why did people move to urban centers during the Industrial Revolution?A. To pursue higher educationB. To enjoy the culture of the citiesC. To seek better job opportunitiesD. To avoid the diseases prevalent in rural areas3、What was a negative consequence of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?A. The increase in agricultural productivityB. The improvement of air qualityC. The reduction of deforestationD. The decline in water pollution4、How did the Industrial Revolution affect the standard of living for many people?A. It led to a decrease in living standardsB. It resulted in a significant increase in living standardsC. It had no significant impact on living standardsD. It caused a mixed impact on living standards5、What was one of the social and political impacts of the Industrial Revolution?A. The strengthening of the monarchyB. The rise of the middle classC. The fall of the aristocracyD. The abolition of slaveryAnswers:1、B2、C3、D4、B5、B第三题Once upon a time, in a small village nestled between rolling hills, there lived an old man named Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown was a kind-hearted and wise man, known throughout the village for his stories and his ability to solve problems with a unique perspective. The villagers would often gather at his house after the day’s work to listen to his tales, which were always filled with lessons and moral values.One evening, a young man named Tom approached Mr. Brown. Tom had heard about Mr. Brown’s wisdom and sought his advic e on a difficult situation. Tom was facing a choice between a lucrative job offer in a big city and staying close to his family and friends in the village.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The beauty of the villageB. The wisdom of Mr. BrownC. The challenges of modern lifeD. The importance of family2、Why did Tom go to see Mr. Brown?A. To ask for help with his studiesB. To discuss the village’s problemsC. To seek advice on a difficult decisionD. To compete with Mr. Brown in a storytelling contest3、What was the young man’s main dilemma?A. Whether to move to the city or stay in the villageB. How to become a successful businessmanC. What to do with his old houseD. How to improve the village’s economy4、What is the purpose of Mr. Brown’s stories in the passage?A. To entertain the villagersB. To teach moral values and lessonsC. To promote tourism in the villageD. To showcase his own wisdom5、According to the passage, what does Mr. Brown represent to the villagers?A. A source of entertainmentB. A mentor and counselorC. A competitor in storytellingD. A symbol of wealth and powerAnswers:1、B2、C3、A4、B5、B第四题Passage:In recent years, the rise of e-books has sparked a debate about the future of traditional books. While many argue that e-books will eventually replace printed books, others believe that the traditional book format will continue to thrive. This article explores the arguments on both sides and examines the potential impact of e-books on the publishing industry.1.The article mentions that the debate over e-books versus traditional books is a topic of great concern. What is the main reason for this debate?A. The declining sales of printed booksB. The increasing popularity of e-readersC. The potential impact on the publishing industryD. The environmental concerns of paper usage2.The passage states that some people believe e-books will eventually replace printed books. What is the primary reason for this belief?A. The convenience of e-booksB. The lower cost of e-booksC. The environmental benefits of e-booksD. The potential for interactive content in e-books3.According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential disadvantage of e-books?A. The lack of tactile experienceB. The potential for screen fatigueC. The ease of copying and distributing contentD. The limited availability of e-books in some regions4.The article discusses the role of traditional books in the education system. What does the author suggest about the importance of physical books in education?A. They are becoming less importantB. They are essential for learningC. They are being replaced by digital resourcesD. They are being ignored by modern students5.The author concludes the article by discussing the future of the publishing industry. What does the author imply about the industry’s ability to adapt to the rise of e-books?A. The industry will struggle to adaptB. The industry will thrive regardless of e-booksC. The industry will adapt and evolveD. The industry will disappear due to e-booksAnswers:1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C三、阅读理解新题型（10分）Passage:The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and conduct business. Online shopping has become increasingly popular due to its convenience, variety, and competitive prices. As a result, traditional brick-and-mortar stores are facing stiff competition and are forced to adapt to the digital world. This essay explores the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry and discusses the challenges and opportunities it presents.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of online shoppingB) The decline of traditional storesC) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industryD) The challenges faced by brick-and-mortar stores2.According to the passage, why is online shopping becoming more popular?A) It is more expensive than shopping in physical stores.B) It is only available during specific hours.C) It offers a wider variety of products.D) It requires customers to physically visit a store.3.What is the main challenge that traditional stores are facing?A) The lack of competitive prices.B) The limited selection of products.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.D) The difficulty in adapting to digital technology.4.The passage suggests that traditional stores need to do what in order to survive?A) Offer the lowest prices.B) Close their physical locations.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.D) Focus solely on online sales.5.How does the passage conclude the impact of e-commerce on the retail industry?A) E-commerce will eventually replace all traditional stores.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry is negligible.D) E-commerce will only benefit large corporations and not small businesses.Answers:1.C) The impact of e-commerce on the retail industry2.C) It offers a wider variety of products.3.C) The stiff competition from e-commerce.4.C) Embrace e-commerce and digital technology.5.B) Traditional stores will need to adapt to e-commerce or risk extinction.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题Translate the following paragraph into English.中文段落：研究生考试是许多中国学生梦寐以求的机会，它不仅为他们提供了一个深造和提升自身能力的机会，而且也是实现个人职业目标的重要途径。
考研英语排序题精选
解题实战练习：Directions：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] “I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t —it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.[B] “Finally, I can’t say to them that the ir promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.[C] “I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.[D] “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that’s not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases t he chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.[E] “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F] “So I just don’t know what to do. I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”[G] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number ofseminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation -- how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:G---( )—( )—( )—( )—( )--F步骤一、理解给定的段落确定文章的文体与结构。
最新考研《英语一》新题型密押：排序题及答案
考研《英语一》新题型密押：排序题及答案Passage 1Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] Subscription has proved by far the best way of paying for high quality television. Advertising veers up and down with the economic cycle, and can be skipped by using digital video recorders. And any outfit that depends on advertising is liable to worry more about offending advertisers than about pleasing viewers. V oluntary subscription is also preferable to the compulsory, universal variety that pays for the BBC and other European public broadcasters. A broadcaster supported by a tax on everyone must try to please everyone. And a government can starve public broadcasters of money, too—as the BBC is painfully learning.[B] What began as an interesting experiment has become the standard way of supporting high quality programming. Most of the great television dramas that are watched in America and around the world appear first on pay TV channels. Having shown others how to make gangster dramas with “The Sopranos”, HBO is laying down the standard for fantasy with “Game of Thrones”. Other pay TV channels have delved into 1960s ad vertising (“Mad Men”), drug dealing (“BreakingBad”) and Renaissance court society (“The Borgias”). Pay TV firms outside America, like Britain s BSkyB, are beginning to pour money into original series. Talent is drifting to pay television, in part because there are fewer appealing roles in film. Meanwhile, broadcast networks have retreated into a safe zone of sitcoms, police procedurals and singing competitions.[C] But pay television is now under threat, especially in America. Prices have been driven so high at a time of economic malaise that many people simply cannot afford it. Disruptive, deep pocketed firms like Amazon and Netflix lurk, whispering promises of internet delivered films and television shows for little or no money. Whether the lure of such alternatives or poverty is what is causing people to cancel their subscriptions is not clear. But the proportion of Americans who pay for TV is falling. Other countries may follow.[D] Pay TV executives argue that people will always find ways of paying for their wares, perhaps by cutting back on cinema tickets or bottled water. That notion seems increasingly hopeful. Every month it appears more likely that the pay TV system will break down. The era of ever growing channel choice is coming to an end; cable and satellite distributors will begin to prune the least popular ones. They may push “best of basic” packages, offering the most desirable channels—and perhaps leaving out sport. In the most disruptive scenario, no longerunimaginable, pay TV would become a free for all, with channels hawking themselves directly to consumers, perhaps sending their content over the internet. How can media firms survive in such a world?[E] Fifteen years ago nearly all the television shows that excited critics and won awards appeared on free broadcast channels. Pay television (or, as many Americans call it, “cable”) was the domain of repeats, music videos and televangelists. Then HBO, a subscription outfit mostly known for boxing and films, decided to try its hand at hour long dramas.[F] But television as a whole should emerge stronger. If people buy individual channels rather than a huge bundle, they will have to think about what they really value—the more so because each channel will cost more than it does at present. Media firms will improve their game in response. The activity that diverts the average American for some four and a half hours each day should become more gripping, not less.[G] It won t be easy. They will have to start marketing heavily: at present the pay TV distributors do that for them. They must produce much more of their own programming. Repeats and old films lose their appeal in a world in which consumers can instantly call up vast archives. If they are to sell directly to the audience they will have to become technology firms, building apps and much slicker websites than they have now, which anticipate what customers might want to watch.1→2→A→3→D→4→5Passage 2Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs D and E have been correctly placed.[A] For publishers, though, it is a dangerous time. Book publishing resembles the newspaper business in the late 1990s, or music in the early 2000s. Although revenues are fairly stable, and the traditional route is still the only way to launch a blockbuster, the climate is changing. Some of the publishers functions—packaging books and promoting them to shops—are becoming obsolete. Algorithms and online recommendations threaten to replace them as arbiters of quality. The tide of self published books threatens to swamp their products. As bookshops close, they lose a crucial showcase. And they face, as the record companies did, a near monopoly controlling digital distribution: Amazon’s grip over the ebook market is much like Apple’s control of music downloads.[B] They also need to become more efficient. Digital books can be distributed globally, but publishers persist in dividing the world into territories with separate editorial staffs. In the digital age it is daft to take months or even years to get a book to market. And if they are to distinguish their wares from self published dross, they must get better at choosing books, honing ideas and polishing copy. If publishers are tohold readers’attention they must tell a better story—and edit out all the spelling mistakes as well.[C] For readers, this is splendid. Just as Amazon collapsed distance by bringing a huge range of books to out of the way places, it is now collapsing time, by enabling readers to download books instantly. Moreover, anybody can now publish a book, through Amazon and a number of other services.[D] During the next few weeks publishers will release a crush of books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display tables at the front of bookshops in the run up to Christmas. It is an impressive display of competitive commercial activity. It is also increasingly pointless.[E] Yet there are still two important jobs for publishers. They act as the venture capitalists of the words business, advancing money to authors of worthwhile books that might not be written otherwise. And they are editors, picking good books and improving them. So it would be good, not just for their shareholders but also for intellectual life, if they survived.[F] More quickly than almost anyone predicted, e books are emerging as a serious alternative to the paper kind. Amazon, comfortably the biggest e book retailer, has lowered the price of its Kindle e readers to the point where people do not fear to take them to the beach. In America, the most advanced market, about one fifth of the largestpublishers sales are of e books. Newly released blockbusters may sell as many digital copies as paper ones. The proportion is growing quickly, not least because many bookshops are closing.[G] They are doing some things right. Having watched the record companies impotence after Apple wrested control of music pricing from them, the publishers have managed to retain their ability to set prices. But they are missing some tricks. The music and film industries have started to bundle electronic with physical versions of their products—by, for instance, providing those who buy a DVD of a movie with a code to download it from the internet. Publishers, similarly, should bundle e books with paper books.D→1→2→3→E→4→5Passage 3Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.[A] Fifteen years ago Vincent Bolloré, a French industrialist, decided to get into the business of electricity storage. He started a project to produce rechargeable batteries in two small rooms of his family mansion in Brittany. “I asked him, ‘what are you doing? and I told him to stop, that it wouldn t go anywhere,” says Alain Minc, a business consultant in Paris who has advised Mr Bolloréfor many years.Fortunately, he says, Mr Bolloré continued.[B] The real aim for Mr Bolloré, however, is to showcase his battery technology. His group has developed a type of rechargeable cell, called a lithium metal polymer (LMP) battery. This is different from the lithium ion batteries used by most of the car industry. Mr Bollorébelieves fervently that his batteries are superior, mainly because they are safer. Lithium ion batteries can explode if they overheat—which in the past happened in some laptops. Carmakers incorporate safety features to prevent the batterys cells from overheating.[C] The city of Paris will cover most of the cost of the stations, but Mr Bolloré will pay an estimated 105m to supply his design of “Bluecar” vehicles and their batteries. He will bear a further 80m a year in running costs. The city s estimates for how popular the new service will be are highly optimistic, said a recent study by the government. Autolib could make 33ma year for Mr Bolloré, according to the study, but it could easily just breakeven or lose as much as 60mannually. Autolib will also be the first time the group has operated in a big consumer facing business where it will be held directly responsible for problems such as vandalism or breakdowns.[D] Going up against the rest of the car industry may seem quixotic. Before he won Autolib, Mr Bolloré says, people may well have thought he and his team were mad to venture into such a new area. But theyunderestimated his group s knowledge of electricity storage, he maintains. And if the growing number of electric cars on the road does lead to safety concerns over batteries, then Mr Bollorés LMP technology could move from the margin to the mainstream—provided, of course, they pass their test on the streets of Paris.[E] “Being a family company means we can invest for the long term,” says Mr Bolloré, who has spent 1.5 bill ion on battery development since 1996. Most of his group s money comes from transport and logistics, with a strong position in Africa, and from petrol distribution in France. Mr Bolloréhas also made billions from financial investments such as in Rue Imperiale, a holding company. Autolib will be keenly watched throughout the car industry. It is the first large scale city car sharing service to use only electric vehicles from the outset; a scheme in Ulm in Germany, by contrast, started with diesel vehicles. Running Autolib could mean shouldering substantial losses for the Bolloré Group. Mr Bolloré was not expected to win the contract, but did so mainly because he offered low rental charges for drivers.[F] Mr Bollorés LMP batteries are said to be more stable when being charged and discharged, which is when batteries come under most strain. Just two European carmakers have seen the batteries, which are made only by the Bolloré Group. One car industry executive says that though the LMP technology is attractive from a safety point of view, thebatteries have to be heated up to function—which takes power and makes them less convenient to use.[G] Mr Bollorés technology is about to hit the road. In his group won a contract to run Autolib, a car sharing scheme designed by Bertrand Delan e, the mayor of Paris, which will put 3,000 electric vehicles on the city s streets along with 1,120 stations for parking and recharging. Construction of the stations started in the summer, and Mr Bolloré will begin testing the service on October 1st before opening it to the public in December. Rechargeable batteries are now an important technology for the global car industry as it starts to make ever more electric and hybrid vehicles. Renault, a French manufacturer, is alone investing 4 billion ($5.6 billion) in a range of electric models which it will start selling this autumn. Many producers will unveil new electric vehicles next week when the Frankfurt Motor Show opens.1→2→3→C→4→F→5Passage 4Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.[A] The contest has been held in anticipation of a new era of pylon building. By XX, a quarter of the country s current generating capacity will need replacing; the government hopes the new supply will comefrom renewable sources such as onshore and offshore wind farms. Today s offshore capacity is just 7% of ministers targets for the end of the decade—and all of the new generation out to sea will need to land transmission cables ashore. The existing electricity grid is in the wrong place for many of these new sources of power. That creates a paradox: trying to save the world by cutting carbon emissions means scarring particular bits of it by dragging new power lines through scenic countryside.[B] This is an old problem. The launch of Britain s national electricity grid in 1933 was decried for desecrating the landscape. More recently, the location of wind farms has prompted similar debates. The difficulty with pylons is that they go everywhere. Scotland has had nearly five years of disputes over the planned 600pylon upgrade of a transmission line running from Beauly in the Highlands to the central belt where more electricity is used. The same clashes will now play out in England and Wales. A new planning commission was set up in 2009 to speed up the glacial pace of infrastructure decision making. But weighing economic demands against beauty remains a thorny and potentially time-consuming job.[C] Opponents of towering pylons say the answer is to bury power lines: at present only 950km of Britain s 13,000km of high voltage cable runs underground, most of it in urban areas. But sinking wires,which means clearing a corridor 17m to 40m wide and cannot be done in all terrains, carries an environmental toll too. “You are effectively sterilising land use in the area,” says Richard Smith of National Grid; no planting, digging or building is allowed. That makes installing subsurface cables 12 to 17 times as pricey as overhead lines, according to National Grid (they also need replacing sooner). Since consumers pay for this through their electricity bills, everyone would have to fork out to protect the views and house prices of a few people.[D] So finding a new shape for pylons may be only one aspect of the coming power rows. But it will be a tricky one. Typically the best designs combine elegance with utility. Yet rather than being a feature in itself, the optimal pylon blends in with nature. That s a tough task for20 tons of steel, however impressively shaped.[E] The skeletal, lattice design of Britain s electricity pylons has changed little since the first one was raised in 1928. Many countries have copied these “striding steel sentries”, as the poet Stephen Spender called them; more than 88,000 now march across the country s intermittently green and pleasant land.[F] Now six new models are vying to replace these familiar steel towers. The finalists in a government sponsored competition to design a new pylon include a single shard spiking into the sky and an arced, open bow. After a winner is picked in October, National Grid, which runs theelectricity transmission network, will decide whether to construct it.[G] But the price of despoiling pretty scenery is hard to calculate. The risk is that the cost of damaging the landscape is ignored because it is not ascribed a monetary value, says Steve Albon, co author of a government commissioned report on how much the natural environment contributes to Britain s economy. As yet, though, no one has found an easy or accepted measure of this worth to help make decisions.1→2→A→3→4→5→DPassage 5Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and E have been correctly placed.[A] Nor can it buy companies as freely as postal services in Europe, Canada or Asia have been doing for the past decade. Many European countries, as well as New Zealand and Japan, have already privatised or liberalised their postal services. Combined, foreign posts now get most of their revenue from new businesses such as retailing or banking for consumers, or warehousing and logistics for companies.[B] THE US Postal Service has an unofficial creed that harks back to Herodotus, who was admiring the Persian Empire s stalwart messengers. Its own history is impressive too, dating to a royal license byWilliam and Mary in 1692, and including Benjamin Franklin as a notable postmaster, both for the crownand then for the newly independent country. Ever since, the post has existed “to bind the Nation together”.[C] Quasi independent since 1970, the post gets no public money. And yet it is obliged (as FedEx and UPS are not) to visit every mailbox, no matter how remote, six days a week. This has driven the average cost of each piece of mail up from 34 cents in 2006 to 41 cents. Yet the post is not allowed to raise prices (of stamps and such) willy nilly; a 2006 law set formulas for that. So in effect, the post cannot control either its costs or its revenues.[D] So America s post is looking for other solutions. It is planning to close post offices; up to 3,653, out of about 32,000. This month it announced plans to lay off another 120,000 workers by , having already bidden adieu to some 110,000 over the past four years (for a total of about 560,000 now). It also wants to fiddle with its workers pensions and health care.[E] Ultimately, says Mr Donahoe, the post will have to stop delivering mail on Saturdays. Then perhaps on other days too. The post has surv ived new technologies before, he points out. “In 1910, we owned the most horses, by 1920 we owned the most vehicles.” But the internet just might send it the way of the pony express.[F] But as ever more Americans go online instead of sending paper,the volume of mail has been plummeting. The decline is steeper than even pessimists expected a decade ago, says Patrick Donahoe, the current postmaster general. Worse, because the post must deliver to every address in the country—about 150m, with some 1.4m additions every year—costs are simultaneously going up. As a result, the post has lost $20 billion in the last four years and expects to lose another $8 billion this fiscal year.[G] And although the recession made everything worse, the internet is the main culprit. As Christmas cards have gone online (and “green”), so have bills. In 2000, 5% of Americans paid utilities online. Last year 55% did, and eventually everybody will, says Mr Donahoe. Photos now go on Facebook, magazines come on iPads. Already, at least for Americans under a certain age, the post delivers only bad news or nuisances, from jury summonses to junk mail. Pleasant deliveries probably arrive by a parcel service such as UPS or FedEx.1→2→3→C→4→5→EPassage 6Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and B have been correctly placed.[A] Among national newspapers, paywalls are still rare, though the New York Times and the Times of London both have them. Mostwall building is being done by small local outfits. “Local newspapers are more vital to their communities, and they have less competition,” explains Ken Doctor, the author of “Newsonomics”[B] The paywall builders tend to report a drop in online traffic. But not usually a steep drop, and not always an enduring one. Oklahoma s Tulsa World, which started demanding subscriptions from heavy online readers in April, reports that traffic in August of this year was higher than a year earlier. One possible explanation, odd as it may sound, is that readers are still discovering its website. “We have paper subscribers who want nothing to do with the internet,” explains Robert Lorton, the Tulsa World s publisher. Fewer than half of the newspaper s print subscribers have so far signed up for unrestricted free access to the website. Other newspapers report similar proportions.[C] That suggests the game is not over. The early adopting young abandoned print newspapers long ago. But many newspapers have a surprisingly large, if dwindling, herd of paying customers. They will milk them as hard as they can.[D] On October 10th the Baltimore Sun will join a fast growing club. The newspaper will start tracking the number of times people read its stories online; when they reach a limit of 15 a month, they will be asked to pay. Local bloggers may squawk about content wanting to be free. But perhaps not as much as they would have done a few months ago.There is a sense of inevitability about paywalls. In April PaidContent, an online publication, found 26 American local and metropolitan newspapers charging for online access. Several times that number now do so. More than 100 newspapers are using Press+, an online payment system developed in part by a former publisher of the Wall Street Journal. Media News, a newspaper group, put up two paywalls in ; it has erected23 so far this year.[E] Why the rush? One reason is that building paywalls has become easier: Press+ and Google s One Pass will collect online subscriptions on behalf of newspapers, skimming a little off the top. The popularity of Apple s iPad is another explanation. Many newspapers have created paid for apps. There is little point doing that if a tablet user can simply read the news for free on a web browser. But the big push comes from advertising—or the lack of it.[F] The most ambitious architects are in Europe. Since May Slovakia has had a virtual national paywall—a single payment system that encompasses nine of the country s biggest publications. Slovaks who want to read news online pay 2.90 ($3.90) a month, which is split between the newspapers according to a formula that accounts for where people signed up and how heavily they use each publication s website. Piano Media, which built the system, plans to launch another national paywall in Europe early next year.[G] Jim Moroney, publisher of the Dallas Morning News, says American newspapers used to abide by an “8020” rule. That is, 80% of their revenues came from advertising and 20% came from subscriptions. Those days are over. Newspaper advertising, print and online combined, has crashed from $9.6 billion in the second quarter of 2008 to $6 billion in the second quarter of , according to the Newspaper Association of America. Few believe it will ever fully recover. So the race is on to build a subscription business, both in print (cover prices are going up) and online.1→A→2→3→4→B→5Passage 7Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and G have been correctly placed.[A] A GOOD unit of measurement, writes Robert Crease, must satisfy three conditions. It has to be easy to relate to, match the things it is meant to measure in scale (no point using inches to describe geographical distances) and be stable. In his new book, “World in the Balance”, Mr Crease, who teaches philosophy at Stony Brook University on Long Island and writes a column for the magazine Physics World, describes man s quest for that metrological holy grail. In the process, he shows that the story of metrology, not obvious material for a page turner, canin the right hands make for a riveting read.[B] In response the metre, from the Greek metron, meaning “measure”, was ushered in, helped along by French revolutionaries, eager to replace the Bourbon toise (just under two metres) with an all new, universal unit. The metre was to be defined as a fraction of the Paris meridian whose precise measurement was under way. Together with the kilogram, initially the mass of a decaliter of distilled water, it formed the basis of the metric system.[C] Successful French metrological diplomacy meant that in the ensuing decades the metric system supplanted a hotchpotch of regional units in all bar a handful of nations. Even Britain, long wedded to its imperial measures, caved in. (Americans are taking longer to persuade.) In 1875 Nature, a British magazine, hailed the metric system as “one of the greatest triumphs of modern civilisation”. Paradoxically, Mr Crease argues, it thrived in part as a consequence of British imperialism, which all but wiped out innumerable indigenous measurement systems, creating a vacuum that the new framework was able to fill.[D] For all its diplomatic success, though, the metre failed to live up to its original promise. Tying it to the meridian, or any other natural benchmark, proved intractable. As a result, the unit continued to be defined in explicit reference to a unique platinum iridium ingot until 1960. Only then was it recast in less fleeting terms: as a multiple of thewavelength of a particular type of light. Finally, in 1983, it was tied to a fundamental physical constant, the speed of light, becoming the distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 of a second. (The second had by then itself got a metrological makeover: no longer a 60th of a 60th of a 24th of the period of the Earth s rotation, it is currently the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of a phenomenon called microwave transition in an atom of caesium133.)[E] The earliest known units met the first two of Mr Crease s requirements well. Most were drawn from things to hand: the human body (the foot or the mile, which derives from the Latin milia passuum, or 1,000 paces) and tools (barrels, cups). Others were more abstract. The journal (from jour, French for “day”), used in medieval France, was equivalent to the area a man could plough in a day with a single ox, as was the acre in Britain or the morgen in north Germany and Holland.[F] But no two feet, barrels or workdays are quite the same. What was needed was “a foot, not yours or mine”. Calls for a firm standard that was not subject to fluctuations or the whim of feudal lords, grew louder in the late 17th century. They were a consequence of the beginnings of international trade and modern science. Both required greater precision to advance.[G] Now the kilogram, the last artefact based unit, awaits its turn. Adding urgency is the fact the “real” kilogram, stored in a safe in theInternational Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres, near Paris, seems to be shedding weight relative to its official copies. Metrologists are busy trying to recast it in terms of Planck s constant, a formula which is deemed cosmicly inviolate, as is the speed of light (pending further findings from CERN, anyway). In his jolly book, Mr Crease is cheering them on.A→1→2→3→4→5→GPassage 8Directions: For question 1—5, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A—G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs B and G have been correctly placed.[A] There are doubters, of course. The cost of electricity may rise, and some polluters may flee the state, taking jobs away. But California already has one in four of America s solar energy jobs and will add many more. Sun, wind, geothermal, nuclear: “We need it all,” says Terry Tamminen, who advised Mr Schwarzenegger. The state is setting up an “interesting experiment”, he thinks. “California goes one way, the United States another.”[B] To Europeans, Asians and Australians, this may seem nothing much. After all, the European Union already has a similar emissions trading market, and a carbon tax is now wending its way through the Australian legislature. India have adopted versions of carbon。
英语考研12篇排序题答案
Text 1整体分析：本篇文章为现象分析型文章，重点分析了航空公司行李丢失的过程和原因，简要地从乘客自身角度提出了对策。
局部分析：首段A：通过个例引出主题，即行李丢失问题及其后果。
末段G：针对机场行李运输中存在的问题向旅客提出了几点建议。
4l. EA段谈的是行李丢失问题的个例，E段谈的是行李丢失问题的普遍情况。
从A到E，这是从具体到一般，注意作者采用了归纳法提出了行李丢失的问题。
而其他选项都是在分析行李丢失现象的原因，是应该在提出问题后谈论的，故只有E项正确。
42. D针对A和E段提出的问题，下面该分析原因了。
D交待的是飞机行李运输背景知识，谈的是正常情况，而B、C、D谈的是不正常的情况。
人们讨论问题的逻辑是从正常到不正常，先说惯例再说例外。
D 谈论的是正常情况、是惯例。
很显然这里应选D。
D的意思是航空公司尽量争取时间，尽量保证行李的正常运输。
43. C上段讲行李的正常运输，C以"In normal circumstances the system works well."与上段衔接。
下面自然引出不正常的情况，即飞机延误，或者人为因素导致行李运输系统出现问题，导致问题产生。
44. F上段讲行李出现问题的普遍情况，F项讲这一情况出现的极端情况，即过于繁忙的、作为枢纽的大机场出现这种情况更加严重。
F首句说"These problems can become severe at transfer airport…"，"these problems"与上段衔接。
从C到F是从轻到重，是递进关系。
故F正确。
45. B上一段讲了忙乱的机场行李丢失现象严重，本段进一步指出即使是效率高的机场也无法解决这个痼疾——并列举了欧洲和美国的例子印证。
B递进了上一段的意思。
末段G：在上段分析问题后，简单地针对个人提出了几点建议。
参考译文：到达国外的机场，结果发现自己的行李没有运到，这是最令人失望不过的事情了。
考研英语排序题解答方法[1]
![考研英语排序题解答方法[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9b27c96c7e21af45b307a860.png)
考研英语排序题解答方法排序题是4个新题型中相对比较难的一种，它着重考查考生对文章内部结构和逻辑关系的把握程度。
此类题型主要考查文章的逻辑关系，对于考生从整个文章结构上把握写作脉络的能力要求比较高。
(1) 解题步骤A.第一步：阅读已经固定的段落。
通过阅读已知段就可以判断其前后的内容，需要注意的是如果首段是未知段一定要先确定出首段，而首段一般用排除法便可做出，因为文章的首段一般会指出文章需要论述的问题，进而顺藤摸瓜，找出下段。
还要注意将已经确定的两个选项从卷子上划去，防止引起不必要的混乱；如果固定段落没有首段，那么就要阅读选项后选出首段，然后结合已知段落来确定全文大意和大致结构。
B.第二步：阅读选项，并用笔在每个选项下方标注本选项的中文意思(大概意思就可以)，从而明确整个文章的大致内容，了解各个选项之间的内在逻辑关系。
C.第三步：确定语篇模式，排列各个选项的顺序。
D.第四步：把自己已经选好的顺序带进文章里检查答案是否合理。
(2) 解题方法①文章结构解题法因为阅读理解的文章全部是议论文或说明文，这就决定了这些文章本身的叙述和展开方式，弄清楚这些文章的结构自然在选择答案时就简单了许多：A.问题解答型：此类文章，一般采用原因性结构，然后分析其成因，包括主观的、客观的、直接的、间接的等。
那么文章的首段应该是提出问题，接下来就是具体的原因;原因也应该有相应的次序，考生可以自己判断进行选择。
B.现象解释型：此类文章，一般采用释义性结构，解释某一事物、现象、科学理论等，通常用举例子、打比方等方法来进行阐述论证。
这种文章首段一般是摆明现象，然后进行解释和阐述。
C.结论说明型：此类文章，一般采用比较性结构，把人或事物的功能、特点等进行比较从而引出一个结论。
这种文章对比性比较强，那么肯定是一方面一方面地进行比较，考生要分清这种不同进行排序。
D.新老观点型：此类文章，一般采用驳斥性结构，通常这样的文章会先阐述说明一个观点，然后对这个观点进行驳斥，再进一步分析这个观点的正负面，最后阐明自己的观点。
冲刺考生必看：考研英语作文高分范文12篇(图)
Trend of Population in China
Period Population aged 60 and above Proportion of total population
研究生英语阅读Unit12课后答案
Unit 12Film and DramaLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.Have a general knowledge about film and drama;2.know about the well-known figures in films such as Charlie Chaplin, Tomhanks, etc:3.talk about their favorite film genre;4.master the words and expressions concerning film and drama.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions: Below are three famous film stars and their works of art. Match the film stars and their films.1.Charlie Chaplin2. Vivien Leigh3. Tom HanksA.Forrest GumpB. Modern TimesC. Gone with the WindB Directions: The following are the posters of three famous plays. Read theintroductions and fill in the missing information with the words given in the chart.A B CFrench American British a dventure fantasy musical1. The Harry Potter film series is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by the British author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone(2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). It is the highest-grossing film series of all-time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Each film is in the list of fifty highest-grossing films of all-time in inflation unadjusted dollars and is a critical success.2. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. It is considered by many to be the most successful musical of all time and is also the longest running show in Broadway history.3. Ice Age is a 2002 American computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film created by Blue Sky Studios and released by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and Chris Wedge from a story by Michael J. Wilson. The film was nominated at the 75th Academy Awards for best animated feature. The film was met with mostly positive reviews and was a box office success, starting a series with three sequels, Ice Age: The Meltdown, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, and Ice Age: Continental Drift.Useful Words and Expressionsmotion picture 电影trailer 预告片visual effect 视觉效果film studio 电影制片厂dubbing 配音subtitles 字幕Broadway 百老汇props 道具medium 媒体protagonist 主角costumes 戏装antagonist 反面主角score 配乐tragic hero 悲剧英雄a reel of film 一卷胶片chorus 合唱团film adaptation 电影改编(a play) in three acts and five scenes 三幕五场（剧）scenario 剧本climax 戏剧高潮soundtrack 电影原声音乐musical 音乐剧box office 票房playwright 剧作家premier 电影首映式stuntman 特技演员blockbuster 商业大片stand-in 替身talent scout 星探sorcerer 巫师Part II Listening1. BFM International Film FestivalDirections:L isten to a dialogue between Yvonne and William and then answer the following questions.1) What does the BFM Festival stand for?I t’s the Black Film Makers’ International Film Festival.2) What is the meaning of “stereotype” according to William?It means a very strong, fixed idea about how people will behave.3) What is the purpose of the BFM Festival?It is to showcase the stories of groups and communities which otherwise would go unnoticed.4) How long is the shortest film ever made?One second.Tapescript:Yvonne: Hello, I’m Yvonne Archer - and thanks to William Kremer for joining me today.William: Hello – it's a pleasure!Yvonne: For fifty-two years, the Times BFI - British Film Institute’s London Film Festival has shown the best new films from around the world. And for thefirst time, the BFM International Film Festival has also been based at the BFI.William, do you know about the BFM Festival?William: Umm – I know that it's the Black Film Makers’ International Film Festival. Yvonne: That's right and to celebrate its tenth anniversary, the emphasis of the 2008 BFM has been on films made by Black people - who are based here inBritain. Well, I was lucky enough to get an invitation to the BFM ShortsAwards - but before we find out which short film won the award and aboutthe idea behind this festival –I've a question for you. Yes, are you readyWilliam?William: Yes.Yvonne: How long is the shortest film that was ever made? Was ita) one secondb) one minute ORc) five minutesWilliam: I’m gonna go for a) – one second because even though that sounds too short, sounds very silly, I think the silly answers are usually correct. That's mytactic so I'm gonna go for one second.Yvonne: And we’ll find out whether William was right or wrong later on. Now in today’s interview we’ll come across the word ‘stereotyped’. William, whatdoes it mean?William: Well if someone is ‘stereotyped’, other people who don't know them have a very strong, fixed idea about how they will behave. They’re ‘stereotyped’perhaps because of the country they come from, or (from) the colour of theirskin or their religion, for example.Yvonne: And what are ‘platforms for expression’?William: ‘Platforms for expression’ in this case, refers to ways and places that artistic people can use to share their work and messages. So for example, a cinemascreen or a novel are ‘platforms for expression’.Yvonne: Great! Now as we hear from Nadia Denton, the Director of the BFM International Film Festival, try to catch the verb she uses to mean ‘highlight’or ‘to draw attention to’. I asked Nadia: why is there a separate section forBlack film makers within the London Film Festival each year?NADIA DENTONBecause it’s important for us to showcase the stories of groups andcommunities which otherwise would go unnoticed, which don't get thecorrect representation in the mainstream, who perhaps are stereotyped, whoperhaps don't have many other platforms for expression.Yvonne: William, which verb did Nadia use to mean ‘to highlight’or ‘to draw attention to’?William: ‘To showcase’– Nadia explained that it's important ‘to showcase’ the stories of communities and groups which we don't usually see or hear.Yvonne: So the BFM Festival is a chance for people who are often stereotyped and not considered or noticed by mainstream cinema to have their work seen.Now at the BFM Shorts Awards, we saw five new films and voted for thebest one. And the winner was “Win, Lose or Draw”directed by LawrenceCoke. It was a wonderful blend of story-telling and interviews withCaribbean people who’d arrived in Britain from the 1950s, like my ownfather. And after the awards, Lawrence explained just how important makingthe film had been to him...LAWRENCE COKEThe whole thing was a very cathartic experience on one level because, Ialways say that the young people of today don't understand that they'restanding on the shoulders of giants.Yvonne: Making “Win, Lose or Draw” was very cathartic for Lawrence – it allowed him to express some really deep emotions. But it was cathartic for many ofus in the audience too – and educational.William: And hopefully lots of young people will see the film because Lawrence sees it as a way to help them understand that they and their parents are animportant part of Britain's history.Yvonne: Yes – and Lawrence describes our grandparents and parents as 'giants'. Their lives were really difficult but they still tried to help England and make thingseasy for us and their families back in the Caribbean.LAWRENCE COKEThey were children themselves and they came over to help the mothercountry because they felt it was the right thing to do –leaving childrenbehind, wives, and… I just…I'm in awe of that.William: Yes, they were an awesome- amazing group of young people.Yvonne: They certainly were. My father travelled to England – at the time, known by Caribbean people as 'the mother country' – and he came here at the age oftwenty-one. And like many others from the Caribbean, my father simplywanted to work hard and earn money. He wanted his parents to have whatthey needed and he especially wanted his younger brothers and sisters to goto school.William: So education was really important to them.Yvonne: Definitely because most of them left school and started work when they were fourteen years old. But now, it's time for you to educate us, William! William: Surely not!Yvonne: Yes! What was your answer to today's question: how long is the shortest film that was ever made?William: I went for the silly one which was one second.Yvonne: And you were correct to be silly because you were absolutely right!2. "The Back-Up Plan"A Directions：In this section you will hear a news report about the 2010 film TheBack-Up Plan. Listen and answer the following questions.1)What does a “back-up plan” mean for Zoe?It means to become a single mother with the help of modern science.2)Why did Jennifer Lopez say that “We used a lot of the stuff from real life”?Because she gave birth to twins a couple of years ago.3) According to the director Alan Poul, what was his challenge in making this movie? His challenge was to balance the expectations audiences have for this film genre.B Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following descriptions are true for Zoe or Stan. Write Z for Zoe, S for Stan and N for Neither if the description describes neither of them.1) Z running a pet store 2) Z having an extended family3) S a dairy farmer 4) N scared by the coming parenthood5) N giving birth to twins 6) Z having insatiable hunger7) S strong and muscular 8) N a single parentTapescript:New Yorker Zoe is successful in business running her thriving pet store. She also has good friends and a loving extended family; but she has not had the best of luck in the romance department and, with her biological clock ticking away, she has decided the "right guy" may never show up. So "The Back-Up Plan" is to become a single mother with the help of modern science. Naturally, the very day she undergoes the in-vitro fertilization procedure, she meets the "right guy."His name is Stan and he, too, is a successful entrepreneur: a farmer who makes cheese that he sells at farmer's markets around New York. At about the same time she realizes she is pregnant with twins, Zoe also figures out that she's falling in love with Stan. Will he be scared away by the impending parenthood if she tells him? How long can she keep it a secret, anyway?Jennifer Lopez gave birth to twins a couple of years ago and drew on her own experiences to play Zoe."So many of the things in this movie were art imitating life for me," she said. "Because I had just gone through the pregnancy it was really fresh in my mind. We used a lot of the stuff from real life."That insight into the funnier side of pregnancy includes the sudden and insatiable hunger that, in the film, strikes Zoe when she spies a pot of stew bubbling on the stove in Stan's kitchen. With no utensils in sight, she resorts to scooping it up (and scarfing it down) directly from the pot with hunks of bread."You feel so hungry, it's crazy; and you feel so sleepy in a way that you never have before," Lopez said. "Because I had just gone through it, I knew how that was going to ring true for so many women."The pregnancy humor may be drawn from real life, but the romantic storyline is pure Hollywood. For instance, Stan is shirtless and ripples with muscles as he tends the goats on his dairy farm. As the love interest, Alex O'Loughlin joins a growing legion of hunky stars from Australia making it big on American screens."Look, I don't know mate … maybe it's something in the water back home; but I did get kind of fit for the film because every cheese farmer is ripped and buff … and I wanted to be true to character because I'm [a] 'method' [actor]," he said."The Back-Up Plan" marks the feature film directing debut of Alan Poul, an award -winning television producer and director on shows including "Six Feet Under," "Rome" and "Big Love." Poul says his challenge was to balance the expectations audiences have for this film genre."Because it is a romantic comedy and you know how it is going to end up, so on a certain level the story has to be predictable because you know they are going to end up together," he said. "So it is within that general framework of a romantic comedy that is going to end happily, we create the little moments that catch people by surprise."3. Drive-in Theaters in USAand answer the following questions.1) When did the first drive-in theater open in USA?On June 6, 1933.2) Why did the teenagers like drive-in theaters at that time?They adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile3) What kept people home despite the attraction of drive-in theaters?The advent of color television and video rentals.Directions: Listen to the passage again and try to summarize the whole report in no more than 5 sentences.The first drive-in movie theater was opened On June 6, 1933 I new York. By 1950, there were 4,000 of these “movies under the stars” across the country. people could bring your cranky baby along without disrupting anyone and teenagers adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile. The spread of daylight saving time cut into drive-in attendance. The advent of color television and video rentals kept people home as well. It brings people a nostalgic feeling.TapescriptNext Monday would mark a nostalgic anniversary. On June 6, 1933, the world’s first drive-in movie theater opened in Camden, New Jersey.By 1950, there were 4,000 of these “movies under the stars” across the country. Only a couple hundred survive.At the drive-in - or what some of us called “the drive-in picture show” to distinguish it from drive-in restaurants - instead of wedging yourself into a theater seat next to talkative strangers, crying babies and large people blocking your view, you watched a movie on a huge screen from the comfort of your car, side by side with dozens of other autos in a sprawling parking lot.You could bring your cranky baby along without disrupting anyone. Teenagers adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile, to the point that some media referred to drive-ins as “passion pits.”The movies themselves mostly ranged from family fare to second-rate monster science-fiction, and action thrillers. The sound that squawked out of the little speaker that you attached to your car window was tinny at best.But the concession stand at the “Starlite” or “Hi-Way” or “Sunset” Drive-In did offer a full and fattening menu of fried food, popcorn and sodas. A lot of people smuggled in stronger drinks as well, and it wasn’t unheard of to sneak in a person or two in the trunk, to avoid paying for more tickets.The spread of daylight saving time cut into drive-in attendance, since dusk came late on balmy summer nights and the movie couldn’t start until 9 p.m. or later. The advent of color television and video rentals kept people home as well.When some drive-in owners sought to boost revenue by showing risquémovies, neighbors, parents and police drove them out of business. Other owners sold out to housing and shopping-center developers.Many U.S. cities have tried to recapture the nostalgic feeling of outdoor movies by showing films in parks and pedestrian malls. But patrons sit on blankets, not in their ’54 Chevys.And no one’s writing tunes like the Beach Boys’ "Drive-In" song, which goes, in part: Every time I have a date there's only one place to goThat's to the drive-inIt's such a groovy place to talk and maybe watch a show4. Award-Winning Film Explores Meaning of LifeA Directions: You will hear a report about an award-winning movie. While listeningto it for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following statementsare true or false.1) The filmmaker of The Tree of Life, the award-winning film at Cannes, is a formerprofessor of history. ( F ) 2) The father in the movie was proud and oppressive since he has not succeeded in theworld. ( T )3) Jack, the boy in the family, admires his father and loves him. ( F )4) The mother in the film, played by Jessica Chastain, embodies many virtues likegrace, kindness, and altruism. ( T ) 5) In searching the meaning of life, this movie is like all the other movies TerrenceMalick made before. ( F ) Tapescript:The Tree of Life is about the quest to find balance between one's spiritual self and human nature.Filmmaker Terrence Malick, a former professor of philosophy, presents this innate struggle through characters in a suburban American household of the 1950s. The father is proud and oppressive. He struggles inwardly because he has not succeeded in the world. Because of his feelings of inadequacy, he tries to mold his sons to his ideal.Jack is still a boy, but he carries the world on his shoulders. He admires his father but also resents him.For Terrence Malick, the struggle between father and son reflects both the cruelty and beauty of nature. In a twenty minute sequence, the director offers shots of the universe at work, an awesome struggle among natural forces.But there is also grace, kindness and altruism. The mother in the story, played by Jessica Chastain, embodies them.The boy grows up to be a successful, but also conflicted man played by Sean Penn. He struggles as he deals with the loss of his younger brother and the loss of innocence.Brad Pitt's performance is a tour de force. At the Cannes Film Festival, he spoke of the film's spiritual message."And then there is the bigger questions of the impermanence of life that I think we all go through," said Pitt. "I grew up being told that God's going to take care of everything and it doesn't always work out that way, and when it doesn't work out that way then we're told it's God's will. "Religion aside, the film is a treatise on the meaning of life. Its extraordinary visuals, minimal dialogue and meditative music have a subliminal impact on the viewer and allow the audience to search and come to its own conclusion.Some critics have spoken against the film's drawn-out sequences on the evolution of the universe. But Tree of Life won the Palme D'Or at Cannes for good reason. It offers daring cinematography and an excellent cast. And although it carries Terrence Malick's signature, it's unlike anything we've seen before.Part III WatchingDirection: The extract is taken from the 1997 movie Titanic. Watch the video clip and answer the questions.1) Why did Mr. Andrews refuse to make a try to leave the sinking Titanic?Because he felt sorry for he didn’t build a stronger ship.2) Why did Mr. Guggenheim refuse to take the life jacket?Because he was determined to go down as gentlemen clothed in full dress.3) What can you say about the orchestra who played music while others passengers struggled for their lives?The orchestra members played music, intending to calm the passengers, for as long as they possibly could until all went down with the ship. They should be memorized for their heroism.Videoscript—Wait, wait, wait. Mr. Andrews...—Rose.—Won't you even make a try for it?—I’m sorry that l didn't build you a stronger ship, young Rose.—Lt’s going fast. We have to move.—Wait. Good luck to you, Rose.—And to you.—Mr. Guggenheim...These are for you, Mr. Guggenheim.—No, thank you. We are dressed in our best and are prepared to go down as gentlemen. But we would like a brandy.—Capitan. Capitan, where should l go? Please...—(Crewman) Captain!—Captain... Sir.(Orchestra still playing)—Right... That's it, then.—Goodbye, Wally. Good luck.—So long, old chap.(Starts playing “Nearer My God to Thee”)—And so they lived happily together for 300 years in the land of Tir Na Nog. Land of eternal youth and beauty.—There's no t ime! Cut those falls! Cut ’em! Cut ’em if you have to!—I need a knife! I need a knife!—Cut her loose!—Cut those bloody falls!—Gentlemen, it has been a privilege playing with you tonight.Part IV Oral PracticePair workDirections: What kind of movie would you expect to watch in your spare time? What do you want to get from watching such a movie? Work with your partner to talk about your favorite type of movie and offer some examples to illustrate your point. You may follow the dialogue given below or you may just make your own dialogue.Film GenresAction adventure comedy crime historical documentary horror thriller musical sci-fiWar western romance disaster sportsA: Did you watch Saw last night? It was just awesome! I couldn’t help walking into the cinema when I first saw its poster.B: You mean you like that trash? I hate thrillers. They make my hair stand on end all the time. I like romantic movies, especially those with beautiful girls and handsome boys.A: Romances are just silly. I can’t stand those stock love stories…Enrichment readingHollywoodIf a single place-name encapsulates theLA dream of glamour, money andovernight success, it's Hollywood.Millions of tourists arrive on pilgrimages;millions more flock here in pursuit ofriches and glory. Hollywood is a weirdcombination of insatiable optimism andtotal despair. It really does blur the edgesof fact and fiction, simply because somuch seems possible - and yet so little, for most people, actually is. Those who do strike it rich here get out as soon as they can, just as they always have; the big film companies, too, long ago relocated well away, leaving Hollywood in isolation, with prostitution, drug dealing and seedy bookstores as the reality behind the fantasy.The myths, magic, fable and fantasy splattered throughout the few short blocks of Central Hollywood would put a medieval fairytale to shame. A rich sense of nostalgia pervades the area, giving it an appeal no measure of tourists or souvenir postcard stands can diminish. Although you're much more likely to find a porno theater than spot a real star, the decline which blighted Hollywood from the early 1960s is fast receding. Nevertheless the place still gets hairy after dark, withadolescents cruising Hollywood Boulevard in customized cars and occasional petty criminals on the prowl for the odd pocketbook.The natural place to begin exploring Hollywood Boulevard is the junction of Hollywood and Vine - the classic location for budding stars to be “spotted” by big-shot directors and whisked off to fame and fortune. At 6608 Hollywood Blvd., the purple and pink Frederick's of Hollywood has been (under-) clothing Hollywood's sex goddesses since 1947, as well as mortal bodies all over the world via mail order. Inside, the lingerie museum (free) displays some of the company's best corsets, bras and panties, donated by happy big-name wearers ranging from Lana Turner to Cher.A little further on, the Egyptian Theater at No. 6708 was financed by impresario Sid Grauman, in a modest attempt to re-create the Temple of Thebes. The very first Hollywood premiere (Robin Hood) took place here in 1922. Now owned by the city, Grauman's Thebes is currently closed for renovations as part of a three-year plan to restore the fake mummies and hieroglyphics of this temple of cinema to their former glory and remake the theater into a center for film study. No Hollywood visitor will want to miss the mundane yet magical foot and hand prints in the concrete concourse of the 1927 Chinese Theatre at 6925 Hollywood Blvd. Actress Norma Talmadge (supposedly by accident) trod in wet cement while visiting the construction site, and the practice has continued ever since, starting with Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks Sr., at the opening of King of Kings, and recently involving stars such as Al Pacino. Through the halcyon decades, this was the spot for movie first-nights. As for the building, it's an odd western version of a classical Chinese temple, replete with dodgy Chinese motifs and upturned dragon tail flanks.The Roosevelt Hotel opposite was movieland's first luxury hotel, its Cinegrill restaurant hosting the likes of W. C. Fields and F. Scott Fitzgerald, not to mention hangers-on like Ronald Reagan. In 1929 the first Oscars were presented here, beginning the long tradition of Hollywood rewarding itself in the absence of honors from elsewhere.。
考研英语习题及答案解析完整版
考研英语习题及答案解析完整版考研英语习题及答案解析集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]考研英语二Directions :Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes，who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid , 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue ,and it was onall of the article 8 to soldiers .And JoeA common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a 11 career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 orwhat towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1. [A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2. [A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3. [A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4. [A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5. [A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6. [A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7. [A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8. [A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9. [A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10. [A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11. [A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12. [A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13. [A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14. [A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15. [A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16. [A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated[D]contradicted17. [A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18. [A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19. [A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20. [A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset[D]atthat pointPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy whichmandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer cou nt for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well onstate tests without completing their homework, but whatabout the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 thatnowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered abouthomework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, ye t it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it alsorepeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoid able, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boilthem. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutraldresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of theVirgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink ful ly came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler.I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third ste pping stone” between infant wear and older kid s’ clothes. Tt was only after“toddler”became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of children'spsychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30. It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems tobe____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText?3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision， ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine， the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a product of nature， so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to /doc/baad2c46970590c69ec3d5bbfd0a79 563d1ed42d.html st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case， arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a pro duct of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ”Despite the appeals court's decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example， it is unclear whether the sequencing of awhole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater /doc/baad2c46970590c69ec3d5bbfd0a79 563d1ed42d.html panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A. their executives to be activeB. judges to rule out gene patentingC. genes to be patcntablcD. the BIO to issue a warning32. those who are against gene patents believe that----A. genetic tests are not reliableB. only man-made products are patentableC. patents ongenes depend much on innovatiaonD. courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33. according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to winpatents for----A. establishing disease comelationsB. discovering gene interactionsC. drawing pictures of genesD. identifying human DNA34．By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----A. the supreme court was authoritativeB. the BIO was a powerful organizationC. gene patenting was a great concernD. lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs35. generally speaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easyriches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; itis the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are af fecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any timein its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying “to find silver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the authorsuggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recessiongraduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on societyis____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT1.(10 points)“Univers al history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have workedhere,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any moreit is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and moreinterested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes.Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and risingto the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles." what it is in the power of eachto accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwrightand Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged bat tles: “It is man, real, living manwho does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and powerrelations in which each epoch stood. F or: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding —from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points) When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in thedeveloped world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Part A47.DirectionsSuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a promptsolutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1) describe the table ,and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查考研英语二答案1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
考研英语完形填空32篇和标准答案
完型填空练习题Text 1Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .The ridge 6 on a person’ finger doesn’t change7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 8 man may deny the charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20 has been changed by age or accident.C. magnitudeD. uniqueness1. A. uselessness—B. quantity2. A. naturally B. exactly C. especially D. particularlyC. passed outD. passed off3. A. passed on@B. passed away4. A. if B. when C. though D. asC. groundD. case5. A. reason]B. cause6. A. construction B. structure C. location D. position7. A. with%C. untilD. underB. because of8. A. grave B. severe C. substantial D. superficialC. innerD. outer9. A. outside·B. outward10. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. behind timeC. definiteD. customary11. A. original￥B. different12. A. restored B. hurt C. destroyed D. restrictedC. undermineD. remove13. A. diminish/B. dispose14. A. and B. but C. when D. if15. A. make%C. doD. adaptB. take16. A. realization B. detection C. identification D. investigationC. Because ofD. In case of17. A. In spite of；B. Irrespective of18. A. suspected B. doubted C. distrusted D. doubtfulC. at randomD. in question19. A. out of case*B. in vain20. A. look B. expression C. appearance D. sight《~Text 2When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were equally effective on television. Some of the 1 they experienced when they were trying to 2 themselves to the new medium were technical. When working 3 radio, for example, they had become 4 to seeing on 5 of the listener. This 6 of seeing for others means that the 7 has to be very good at talking. 8 all, he has to be able to 9 a continuous sequence of visual images which 10 meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the 11 of television, however, the commentator sees 12 with the viewer. His role, therefore, is 13 different. He is there to make 14 that the viewer does not 15 some points of interest, to help him 16 on particular things, and to 17 the images on the television screen. 18 his radio colleague, he must know the 19 of silence and how to use it at those moments 20 the pictures speaks for themselves.1. A. difficulties B. successes C. sufferings D. incidentsD. modify2. A. turn B. adapt（C. alter3. A. on B. at C. with D. behindD. accustomed4. A. experienced B. determined…C. established5. A. account B. side C. point D. behalf6. A. efficiency B. technology，D. performanceC. art7. A. commentator B. TV viewer C. speaker D. authorD. In8. A. Of B. For#C. Above9. A. inspire B. create C. cause D. perceiveD. reflect10. A. add B. apply！C. affect11. A. occasion B. event C. fact D. caseD. anything12. A. something B. nothing—C. everything13. A. equally B. completely C. initially D. hardly14. A. definite B. possible,D. clearC. sure15. A. lose B. deprive C. relieve D. miss16. A. focus B. attend[D. insistC. follow17. A. exhibit B. demonstrate C. expose D. interpret18. A. Like B. Unlike)D. ForC. As19. A. purpose B. goal C. value D. intention20. A. if B. when |D. asC. which]"Text 3Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on earth. But they also 2 beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 3 . The word Geography 4 from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, 5 means “ to write”. The English word geography means “to describe the earth”.6 geography books7 on a small area like a town or city. Other deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an8 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another9 to divide the study of 10 is to distinguish between physical geography and 11 geography. The former focus on the natural world; the 12 starts with human beings and studies 13 human being and their environment act 14 each other. 15 when geography is considered as a single subject, 16 branch can neglect the other.A geographer might be described 17 one who observes, records, and explains the 18 between places. If places were alike, there would be little need for geographer.We know, 19 ,that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, 20 ,is a point of view, a special way of looking at places.1. A. similar B. distant C. various{D. famous2. A. pass B. go C. reach D. get3. A. whole B. until C. part ]D. total4. A. falls B. results C. removes D. comes5. A. what B. which C. that ·D. it6. A. Some B. Most C. Many D. Few7. A. rely B. rest C. reckon；D. focus8. A. extensive B. overall C. entire D. enormous9. A. way B. means C. habit/D. technique10. A. world B. earth C. geography D. globe11. A. mental B. military C. economic—D. cultural12. A. second B. next C. later D. latter13. A. when B. what C. where>D. how14. A. upon B. as C. for D. to15. A. And B. But C. Therefore…D. For16. A. neither B. one C. either D. each17. A. for B. as C. to—D. by18. A. exceptions B. sameness C. difference D. divisions19. A. moreover B. meanwhile C. however…D. or else20. A. still B. then C. nevertheless D. moreover￥~Text4Smoking may be a pleasure for some people. 1 ,it is a serious source of 2 for their fellows. Now medical authorities express their 3 about the effect of smoking 4 the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not . 5 ,nonsmokers who must 6 inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may 7 more than the smokers themselves.As you are 8 informed, a considerable number of students have 9 in a effort to 10 the university to 11 smoking in the classroom. I believe they are 12 right in their aim. However, I would hope that it is 13 to achieve this by calling 14 the smokers to use good judgment and show concern for other 15 than by regulation.Smoking is 16 by city bylaws in theatres and in halls used for showing films as well as in laboratories where there may be a fire hazard. 17 , it is up to you good 18 .I am therefore asking you to 19 “No smoking” in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the nonsmoker’s health and well-being 20 ,which is very important to a large number of our students.1. A. Hence B. However、C. AnywayD. Furthermore2. A. joy B. discomfort C. convenience D. relief3. A. consideration B. attention[C. beliefD. concern4. A. against B. for C. in D. on5. A. In consequence B. On the otherhand @C. In factD. After all6. A. instinctively B. instantly C. spontaneously D. reluctantly7. A. suffer B. subject\C. submitD. sustain8. A. certain B. sure C. doubtless D. right9. A. entered B. joined%C. attendedD. involved10. A. reason B. persuade C. argue D. suggest11. A. stop B. object@C. banD. prevent12. A. entirely B. likely C. generally D. possibly13. A. likely B. probable*C. properD. possible14. A. out B. for C. on D. up15. A. rather B. better"C. moreD. other16. A. prohibited B. protected C. reserved D. cleared17. A. Furthermore B. Consequently！C. NeverthelessD. Elsewhere18. A. idea B. duty C. sense D. responsibility19. A. persist B. maintain'C. stickD. adhere20. A. in mind B. in head C. in heart D. in memory }Text5}Having passed what I considered the worst obstacle, our spirits rose. We 1 towards the left of the cliff, where the going was better, 2 rather steeper. Here we found little snow, 3 most of it seemed to have been 4 off the mountain. There was no 5 of the mountain in the distance because the clouds were forming all around us.About 1 o’clock a storm 6 suddenly. We had time to have 7 its approach but we were concentrating on cutting steps, and 8 we had time to do anything, we were blinded by snow. We could not move up or down and had to wait 9 , getting colder and colder. 10 my hood(兜帽), my nose and cheeks were frostbitten and I dared not take a hand out of my glove to warm them. After two hours of this, I realized we would have to do 11 to avoid being frozen to death where we stood. From time to time through the mist I had 12 the outline of a dark buttress(扶壁)just above us, to descend in the wind was 13 question; our only hope was to scramble up to this buttress, and dig out a platform at the foot of it on which we could 14 our tent.We climbed to this place and started to 15 the ice. At first my companion seemed to regard the 16 as hopeless but gradually the wind 17 and he cheered up. 18 we had made a platform big enough to put up the tent, and we did this as 19 we could. We 20 into our sleeping bags and fell asleep, felling that we were lucky to be still alive.1. A. set B. got C. made%D. took2. A even B. though C. so D. if3. A. when B. where C. as，D. so that4. A. fallen B. flown C. split D. blown5. A. view B. vision C. look）D. glimpse6. A. came up B. came out C. came over D. came on7. A. viewed B. noticed C. notified,D. glanced8. A. after B. before C. unless D. until9. A. motionlessly B. constantly C. steadily:D. continually10. A. In spite of B. In relation to C. In case of D. In the event of11. A. anything B. nothing C. something？D. everything12. A. laid out B. made out C. drawn out D. marked out13. A. without B. in C. beyond}D. out of date14. A. wrench B. wedge C. pad D. pinch15. A. cut down B. cut away C. cut out"D. cut off16. A. position B. situation C. occupation D. orientation17. A. died out B. died off C. died back！D. died down18. A. Instead of B. Furthermore C. Indeed D. At last19. A. well B. good C. best#D. better20. A. climbed B. crashed C. crept D. crawled【Text6Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends Because they destroy so many insects, and insects 1 some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make 2 impossible for us to live in the world. They would devour (eat up quickly) all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, were it not 3 the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We 4 a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them 5 together kill only a fraction of the 6 destroyed by spiders. 7 , unlike some of the insect eaters, spiders never do the least 8 to us or our belongings.Spiders are not insects, 9 many people think, 10 even nearly related to them. One can tell the 11 almost at a glance, 12 a spider always has eight legs but an insect never more than six.…How many spiders are 13 in this work on our 14 One authority 15 spiders made a 16 of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2 250 000 in one acre; that is 17 like 6000 000 spiders of different kinds on a football field. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is 18 to make more than the 19 guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creature, not 20 with only three meals a day.1. A. include B. involve C. consist D. cover2. A. this B. that ？D. themC. it3. A. with B. for C. of D. on4. A. devote B. dedicate!D. contributeC. owe5. A. gotten B. put C. linked D. associatedD. proportion6. A. number B. amount、C. plenty7. A. Consequently B. Moreover C. Conversely D. HoweverD. harm8. A. damage B. ruin%C. good9. A. as B. which C. because D. thoughD. none10. A. so B. either~C. nor11. A. likeness B. difference C. similarity D. appearance12. A. if B. although） D. whenC. for13. A. participated B. joined C. enclosed D. involvedD. behalf14. A. honor B. sake；C. side15. A. on B. in C. about D. withD. consciousness16. A. census B. consensus{C. conscience17. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everythingD. probable18. A. likely B. useless(C. impossible19. A. broadest B. widest C. bravest D. wildestD. content20. A. concerned B. identified|C. patient￥Text7Cheques have largely replaced money as a mean s of exchange, for they are widely accepted everywhere . Though this is very 1 for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheuqes are not real money: they are quite 2 in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain 3 when he accepts a cheque and he is quite 4 his rights if, 5 ,he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called 6 . An old and very wealth friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant 7 . He went to a famous jewellery shop which keeps a large 8 of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he 9 to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay 10 cheque. The assistant said that this was quite 11 , but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.（The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with 12 the same name had presented them with a 13 cheque not long age. He told my friend that the police would arrive 14 any moment and he had better stay 15 he wanted to get into serious trouble. 16 , the police arrived soon afterwards They apologized to my friend for the 17 and asked him to 18 a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shop .The note 19 :“I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.”20 , my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s.1. A. complicated B. trivial C. bearable D. convenient2. A. valueless B. invaluable`D. indefiniteC. valuable3. A. danger B. change C. risk D. opportunityD. out of4. A. within B. beyond]C. without5. A. in general B. at the least C. on occasion D. in shortD. in question6. A. in difficulty B. in doubt！C. in earnest7. A. accident B. experience C. event D. incidentD. store8. A. amount B. stock-C. number9. A. considered B. thought C. conceived D. decidedD. through10. A. by B. in^C. with11. A. in order B. in need C. in use D. in common12. A. largely B. mostly<D. extremelyC. exactly13. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worthlessD. during14. A. for B. at》C. until15. A. whether B. if C. otherwise D. unlessD. However16. A. Really B. Sure enough 】C. Certainly17. A. treatment B. manner C. inconvenience D. behavior18. A. write off B. write out，D. make outC. copy out19. A. read B. told C. wrote D. informedD. Basically20. A. Especially B. Fortunately￥C. Naturally>Text 8In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank 1 a new electronic market for economic indices that 2 substantial economic risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a 3 rating technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, 4 the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is “digital” 5 of a digital option: ., it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each “horse” wins if and 6 the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possibl 7 of the index, and allowing people to bet 8 any number of runners, the company has produced a liquidintegrated electronic market for a wide array options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was 9 impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models that allow them to estimate values and to 10 the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of 11 have improved risk-management characteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of 12 for homes, which will make it possible to protect the value of 13 , for most people, is the single most important 14 of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, 15 last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York state, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that 16 sophisticated economic indices of house prices to define the 17 of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now 18 developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies.These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they 19 as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that 20 will beset us in coming years.D. originated1. A. created B. generated(C. initiated2. A. reproduce B. restore C. represent D. resumeD. established3. A. sophisticated B. expensive：C. available4. A. made B. called C. asked D. readD. in the sense5. A. in the course B. in the event}C. in the light6. A. when B. until C. now that D. only if7. A. extent B. range@D. areaC. line8. A. for B. in C. on D. upD. originally9. A. virtually B. admittedly&C. absolutely10. A. assume B. assess C. dismiss D. eraseD. whom11. A. them B. which`C. that12. A. management B. insurance C. security D. technologyD. it13. A. what B. those，C. where14. A. guarantee B. protection C. component D. sourceD. launched15. A. secured B. sponsored*C. released16. A. look to B. set up C. lay down D. rely onD. consequences17. A. terms B. specifications@C. concepts18. A. is B. being C. been D. are19. A. emerge B appear【D. ariseC. stand20. A. somehow B. anyway C. otherwise D. therebyText 9/Globalization will h ave a powerful effect on the future of dining. Recipes and meals from the world’s kitchens will be 1 anywhere and anytime. Globalization is the master2that will drive the world of food. Formerly remote 3 and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are4and reinterpreted all over the world.For the globe-trotting businessman, food savvy will be an important5of career mastery. Being successful in South America or the Far East means having insight6another culture, and local7will become an important component of that. People will need8of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of9, cultural exchange, and success.10, culinary globalism will not be limited to physical travel. Chefs will learn about 11 ingredients, recipes, and techniques without ever leaving their kitchens. Soul food will continue to appeal, even as diners grow more12. Look for collard greens and fried chicken on the menus of upscale restaurants. Fast-casual restaurants--trendy eateries that combine speed and quality--should keep growing in 13 . Ethnic cuisines will14 globally and combine: Look for chifa, a mixture of Japanese and Spanish foods,15 its native Peru. Uzbek dishes, meanwhile, combine Persian, Russian, and Chinese16at bistros in New York and Chicago.Pizza on a griddle New York chef Mario Batali is among those 17pizza, making it thinner, healthier, and more 18. One size does not fit all: look for designer delis, 19 you can choose from a wide variety of main and 20 dishes to take home and heat up yourself.1[A]suitable[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]available2[A] trend—[B] fashion[C] tendency[D] style3[A] components[B] foods[C] ingredients[D] stuffs、4[A] transported[B] transplanted[C] transferred[D] translated5[A] part[B] role>[C] portion[D] side6[A] in[B] into[C] to[D] by7<[A] tastes[B] flavors[C] dishes[D] courses8[A] information[B] knowledge[C] insight([D] experience9[A] socialization[B] realization[C]standardization[D] localization10[A] However;[B] Somehow[C] Moreover[D] Anyway11[A] strange[B] new[C] exotic[D] remote& 12[A] health-conscious[B]price-conscious[C]taste-conscious[D]diversity-conscious13[A] population[B] popularity；[C] quantity[D] prosperity 14[A] expand[B] extend[C] export[D] exclude15|[B] by[C] over[D] beyond[A] from16[A] flavors[B] flowers[C] flours|[D] flames17[A] recreating[B] rethinking[C] representing[D] replacing18[A] portable,[C] edible[D] popular[B] attractive19[A] when[B] why[C] where[D] which[A] small[B] side[C] minor[D] secondary)20\Text 10Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald’s announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn’t meet its guidelines for care of chickens. Those guidelines included limiting the 1 of birds that could be kept in one 2 and prohibiting beak removal, 3 trimming just the tips.Once McDon ald’s had4the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company’s suppliers, many other giants of the fast-food industry rapidly followed 5, including Burger King, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Wendy’s, A and W and KFC. Now, the American Meat Institute ha s 6 welfare guidelines and audit 7 for cattle, pigs, and chickens. And the European Union, representing our foreign customers, is also 8 in with, among other things, legislation banning. 9 use of crates to house pregnant sows, 10 in 2013.Questions about animal care 11 with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms, 12 spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as “factory parts”. That spurred ARS and the livestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal13issues, making sure that guidelines are based on facts 14 through scientific research. The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its 15 guidelines.Ten years ago, to 16 these concerns, ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress. The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modern farming practices were 17 stressing animals. And if so, could scientific methods be developed to measure this stress so that 18 could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively？A decade later, the 19 answer is “yes” to both questions, Many had expected the answer to be “no” on both counts, but science works independently20 pe ople’s opinions.1. A. amount B. number C. figure D. sumC. caseD. cart2. A. cage'B. cave3. A. but for B. except for C. aside from D. away from4. A. paved【C. ledD. openedB. changed5. A. suit B. step C. set D. super6. A. adapted· C. approved D. acceptedB. adopted7. A. booklets B. pamphlets C. brochures D. checklistsC. consideringD. thinking8. A. measuring·B. weighing9. A. prolonged B. proceeded C. programmed D. progressed10. A. efficient（C. effusiveD. electiveB. effective11. A. raised B. rose C. arose D. poseC. whichD. how12. A. who 【B. what13. A. health B. life C. wealth D welfareC. provedD. tested14. A. decided(B. determined15. A. voluntary B. revolutionary C. preliminary D. necessaryC. suppressD. compress16. A. express》B. address17. A. unduly B. unequally C. unfortunately D. unfavorablyC. problemsD. practices18. A. performances$B. programs19. A. sequential B. initial C. essential D. financialC. byD. with20. A. of^B. onText 11,You probably know that it’s better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that’s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local superm arket (or farmer’s market).The explosion in1produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely 2development in the food industry. However,3still exists about exactly what the organic4 means. Do you know the difference betwee n a cereal that’s “organic,” “100% organic,” and “made with organic5” The USDA has clearly defined standards that6which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them atOrganic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out7another new development in the food world: genetically8organisms (GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and9 effects of these products of gene engineering,l0there’s a chance they could lead to the11 creation of “superweeds” o r12with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting13you’re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the14names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,15the other manufactures its corn flakes via l6environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use17such as Responsible . They present both the good and bad sides of every company they18, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues.Remember:19conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your 20cart.1. A. green B. organic C. healthy D. optional2. A. positive B. negative C. active :D. passive3. A. controversy B. contribution C. conversion D. confusion4. A. label B. mark C. word…D. food5. A. components B. genes C. ingredients D. compositions6. A. determine B. illustrate C. recommend <D. demonstrate7. A. in B. to C. for D. on8. A. moved B. modified C. modeled、D. motivated9. A. long-run B. long-term C. long-day D. long-distance10. B. and C. but》D. or. unconditional B. unexceptional C. unintentional D. uncontroversial12. A. interfere B. intervene C. interact…D. intrude13. A. Any time B. Anytime C. Some time D. Sometime14. A. brand B. code C. product \D. family15. A. when B. while C. as D. because16. A. constructive B. destructive C. instructive `D. obstructive17. A. sights B. addresses C. sites D. webs18. A. profit B. profile C. propose ~D. protect19. A. socially B. conditionally C. morally D. environmentally20. A. nursery B. grocery C. bakery *D. stationeryText12Responsibilities. We all have them; most of us have more than we’d like. That doesn’t change the reality that, sooner or later, we all have to1up to them. But perhaps it does explain our2to add to the ever-growing list. There’s already so much to do in a day, why tack on an3burden？Unfortunately, it’s this kind of defeatist mentality4keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper5and exercise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits you’ll derive from6the necessary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make7the way. I can’t count how many times I’ve heard the same8. Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work. So is taking the9to eat right.10yourself on the。
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题与参考答案
2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Passage:Many people today believe that the world is becoming more and more competitive. This is particularly true in the fields of education and employment. The pressure to succeed in these areas has never been greater, and people are feeling the stress more than ever before.One of the reasons for this increased pressure is the rapid technological advancements we have seen in recent years. These advancements have led to a greater demand for skilled workers. Consequently, young people feel that they need to continuously upgrade their knowledge and abilities in order to stay competitive.In the realm of education, the competition starts from a very young age. Toddlers are sent to special schools to develop their language and cognitive skills. Children in primary school are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to enhance their extracurricular abilities. And in high school, students are expected to excel in their academic studies and participate in various competitions to showcase their talents.Besides education, the job market is also highly competitive. With the onsetof the digital age, many traditional jobs have been replaced by technology. This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs, making them even more sought after. As a result, candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain soft skills, such as teamwork, problem-solving, and communication.Even in the field of sports, competition is intense. Athletes from all over the world compete at the highest level, pushing themselves to their limits. The desire to win and recognition often drives them to train harder and longer than ever before.Questions:While the pressure to succeed in education and employment is increasing, many argue that the advancements in technology have also created opportunities for personal and career growth. Pick the most appropriate word or phrase for each of the following blanks:1.The pressure to succeed in these areas has_______________never been greater.A) barelyB) certainlyC) perhapsD) rarely2.These advancements have_______________to a greater demand for skilled workers.A) ledB) resultedC) contributedD) impacted3.Toddlers are sent to special schools to_______________their language and cognitive skills.A) cultivateB) enhanceC) inhibitD) damage4.In primary school, children are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to_______________their extracurricular abilities.A) exploitB) refineC) diminishD) thwart5.And in high school, students are expected to_______________in their academic studies.A) relayB) augmentC) thriveD) wane6.This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs,which_______________them even more sought after.A) rendersB) signifiesC) ensuresD) manifests7.Candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain_______________skills.A) fundamentalB) creativeC) tenderD) diverse8.Even in the field of sports, competition is _______________.A) uniformB) incrementalC) intenseD) adverse9.Athletes from all over the world compete at the highestlevel,_______________themselves to their limits.A) pushingB) pullingC) draggingD) resisting10.The desire to win and recognition often_______________them to trainharder and longer.A) inducementsB) motivesC) obstaclesD) pressuresAnswers:1.A) barely2.A) led3.A) cultivate4.B) enhance5.C) thrive6.A) renders7.A) fundamental8.C) intense9.A) pushing10.D) pressures二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In recent years, the concept of resilience has gained significant traction across various sectors, including education, business, and mental health.Resilience, often defined as the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, is now seen as a critical skill that can be developed and nurtured over time. The ability to bounce back after setbacks or failures is not just a personal asset but also a professional one, particularly in today’s rapidly changing world.Educators have begun to incorporate resilience-building activities into their curricula, recognizing that academic success is not solely dependent on intelligence or hard work. Instead, it is increasingly acknowledged that emotional intelligence, adaptability, and the willingness to take risks play crucial roles in achieving long-term goals. For instance, students who are taught to view failure as a learning opportunity rather than a personal shortcoming are more likely to persist through challenges and ultimately succeed.In the business world, resilience is equally important. Companies that can adapt to market changes and overcome obstacles tend to outperform those that cannot. Leaders who demonstrate resilience inspire confidence in their teams and foster a culture of perseverance and innovation. Moreover, resilient organizations are better equipped to manage crises, such as economic downturns or unexpected disruptions, by leveraging their agility and flexibility.Mental health professionals also emphasize the importance of resilience. They argue that building resilience can help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and depression. Techniques such as mindfulness, positive thinking, andsocial support are effective tools in developing this trait. By cultivating these practices, individuals can improve their mental well-being and lead more fulfilling lives.Despite the growing recognition of resilience, there are still challenges in its implementation. For example, some critics argue that the emphasis on resilience may overlook systemic issues that contribute to adversity. Others point out that not everyone has equal access to resources that promote resilience, such as quality education or supportive communities. Therefore, while resilience is a valuable trait, it is essential to address broader societal factors that affect individuals’ ability to thrive.Questions:1、According to the passage, what is the primary definition of resilience?•A) The ability to avoid difficulties.•B) The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.•C) The willingness to take risks.•D) The skill to adapt to market changes.•Answer: B2、How do educators incorporate resilience into their teaching?•A) By focusing solely on intelligence and hard work.•B) By discouraging students from taking risks.•C) By teaching students to view failure as a learning opportunity.•D) By emphasizing the importance of avoiding challenges.•Answer: C3、What advantage do resilient companies have in the business world?•A) They are less likely to face market changes.•B) They tend to outperform less adaptable companies.•C) They avoid taking any risks.•D) They rely solely on traditional methods.•Answer: B4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a technique for building resilience in mental health?•A) Mindfulness.•B) Positive thinking.•C) Social support.•D) Physical exercise.•Answer: D5、What challenge is mentioned regarding the implementation of resilience?•A) The concept of resilience is too new to be understood.•B) There is a lack of interest in developing resilience.•C) Some people may not have equal access to resources that promote resilience.•D) Resilience is only beneficial for personal, not professional, development.•Answer: CSecond QuestionPassage:The traditional view of the relationship between women and technology has been one of conflict and resistance. Historically, women have been underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This underrepresentation can be attributed to various factors, including societal biases, stereotypes, and discrimination. However, recent studies and initiatives have highlighted the significant contributions women have made to technological advancements, challenging the notion that women are naturally less capable or interested in technology.In the late 19th century, Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician, is often cited as the first computer programmer for her insights into Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Lovelace not only programmed the machine but also foresaw its potential for future applications, including what could be considered modern computing. Her detailed notes on the Analytical Engine are considered the first algorithm written for a machine.During the 20th century, women like Grace Hopper continued to make groundbreaking contributions. As a naval reserve officer in the U.S. Navy, Hopper developed the first compiler to translate code written in English into machine language, which helped to simplify programming. She also coined the term “debugging,” coined from the removal of a moth that was jamming an earlycomputer. Her contributions were significant, paving the way for modern programming languages.In more recent times, women like propName (a pseudonym to protect her privacy) have been challenging gender biases and stereotypes within tech companies. PropName, a software engineer, has shared her experiences and insights on how to create more inclusive workplace cultures. Through interviews, articles, and public speaking engagements, PropName has advocated for equal opportunities and supported initiatives that aim to increase female representation in tech.Despite these advances, challenges remain. Intersectional factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and personal identity continue to influence the experiences of women in technology. For instance, women of color often face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities and lack of role models. Nonetheless, the narrative is shifting as more women come forward with their stories and the tech industry begins to recognize the importance of diversity and inclusion.1、Who is Ada Lovelace considered to be in the history of computing?1、Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.2、What is Grace Hopper known for contributing to the tech industry?2、Grace Hopper is known for developing the first compiler and coining the term “debugging.”3、What is the pseudonym of the software engineer who advocated for equal opportunities and supported diversity initiatives?3、The pseudonym of the software engineer is propName.4、What additional barriers do women of color face in the tech industry, according to the passage?4、Women of color face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities anda lack of role models.5、What is the significance of the changing narrative in the tech industry according to the passage?5、The significance of the changing narrative is that the tech industry is recognizing the importance of diversity and inclusion.第三题For this part, you will read a passage. After reading the passage, you must complete the table below with the information given in the passage. Some of the information may be given in the passage; other information you will have to write in your own words.P了个G is an entertainment company based in Los Angeles. It specializes in pop musiccontracts and record producing. The company was founded in 1964 by Terry Melcher, who wanted to create a recording contract that would give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their music. Over the years, P了个G has become one of the most successful entertainment companies, working with some of the biggest pop stars in the world.The company’s business model is centered on its contracts. These contrac ts are designed to help artists achieve financial success while giving them asignificant share of the profits from their music. The contracts also provide artistic freedom for the artists, allowing them to have creative control over their work.1、What is the main focus of P了个G’s company?A. Book publishingB. Film productionC. Pop music contracts and record producingD. Fashion design2、Who founded P了个G?A. Barry MelcerB. Terry MelcherC. Bob MelcerD. Jim Melcer3、What is one of the key benefits of the contracts offered by P了个G?A. Higher salaryB. Creative controlC. Exclusive merchandise sales rightsD. More opportunities for international exposure4、Why was P了个G founded?A. To give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their musicB. To specialize in book publishingC. To produce filmsD. To design clothing5、How has P了个G become successful?A. By working with independent book publishersB. By producing high-quality filmsC. By specializing in pop music contracts and record producingD. By designing trendy fashionAnswers:1、C2、B3、B4、A5、C第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we communicate and share information. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe, share our thoughts and experiences, and even influence public opinion. However, this shift in communication has also raised concerns about the impact on traditional reading habits.The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers has been a topic of discussion among educators and researchers. Many argue that the ease of accessing information online has led to a decrease in deep reading and critical thinking skills. While online content is often concise and easy to digest, it lacks the depth and complexity that printed materials provide. This has raised questions about the future of literacy and the importance of reading for personal and intellectual development.One study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Irvine, found that students who spent more time on social media were less likely to engage in deep reading activities. The researchers noted that the constant stream of information and the need to keep up with the latest posts created a sense of urgency and distraction that hindered their ability to focus on longer, more complex texts. Moreover, the study suggested that the superficial nature of much online content contributed to a decline in overall literacy skills.Despite these concerns, some argue that social media can also be a valuable tool for promoting reading. Platforms like Goodreads and Book Riot have gained popularity, allowing book lovers to share recommendations, discuss favorite titles, and even organize virtual book clubs. These communities have the potential to inspire individuals to pick up a book and delve into a new story or topic.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of social mediaB) The decline of traditional reading habitsC) The impact of social media on educationD) The rise of online communities2、According to the passage, what has been a concern regarding the rise of social media?A) The increase in online communitiesB) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapersC) The decrease in critical thinking skillsD) The rise in book sales3、What study mentioned in the passage found about students using social media?A) They spent more time on deep reading activities.B) They were more likely to engage in critical thinking.C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.D) They preferred online content over printed materials.4、How does the passage suggest social media can be a valuable tool for promoting reading?A) By providing concise and easy-to-digest information.B) By encouraging superficial reading habits.C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.D) By creating a sense of urgency and distraction.5、What is the overall tone of the passage regarding the impact of socialmedia on reading?A) NegativeB) PositiveC) NeutralD) AmbiguousAnswers:1、B) The decline of traditional reading habits2、B) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers3、C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.4、C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.5、D) Ambiguous三、阅读理解新题型（10分）PassageArtificial Intelligence: A Path to Future Innovation and ChallengesArtificial intelligence (AI) has been a key buzzword in recent years. With the rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms and the increasing availability of big data, AI is transforming nearly every industry and field. AI systems can now perform tasks that were once thought to require human intelligence, such as natural language processing, image recognition, and decision-making. These capabilities are largely due to the development of deep learning neural networks, which enable AI to learn from vast datasets and improveover time.However, as AI continues to grow, it also raises significant ethical and societal concerns. For example, AI could be used to discriminate against certain groups, leading to unfair hiring practices or biased decision-making. Privacy concerns are another major issue, as AI may collect and analyze large amounts of personal data without proper oversight. As AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial for society to address these challenges through a combination of technological advances and policy measures.In this changing landscape, the role of researchers and policymakers is more important than ever. Academics and experts need to continue developing AI technologies that are robust and fair, while policymakers must ensure that AI is used ethically and for the betterment of society.Questions1.What is the primary reason AI is transforming nearly every industry and field?A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.B. The decreasing cost of big data storage.C. The development of new types of computer processors.D. The improvement in user interface and interaction design.Answer: A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern related to the use of AI?A. Discrimination against certain groups.B. Privacy concerns.C. Job displacement.D. Unfair hiring practices.Answer: C. Job displacement. (Not explicitly mentioned in the passage.)3.What capability has AI demonstrated in recent years?A. Predicting stock market trends.B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.C. Designing new molecular compounds.D. Creating complex artworks.Answer: B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.4.What is the role of policymakers in addressing the challenges posed by the integration of AI into society?A. To ensure ethical use of AI.B. To develop AI technologies.C. To collect and analyze personal data.D. To promote the use of AI in industries.Answer: A. To ensure ethical use of AI.5.What is the significance of the role of researchers and experts in this changing landscape?A. To address technological challenges.B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.C. To control the distribution of AI tools.D. To manage AI-related privacy concerns.Answer: B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.This passage and the associated questions are designed to test the examinee’s comprehension and analytical skills regarding the topic of artificial intelligence, including its benefits, challenges, and the roles of various stakeholders.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题中文：Translate the following passage into English.随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的渠道日益多样化。
考研英语-12_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语-12(总分104, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishWhat's your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 1 events much earlier than the year or so before enteringschool, 2 children younger than three orfour 3 retain any specific, personal experiences.A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this "childhood amnesia". One argues that thehippo-campus, the region of the brain which is 5 for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults don't think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 one event follows 9 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story. they don't find any that fitthe 11 It's like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren't any early childhood memoriesto (13) . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else's spoken description of their personal 13 in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten 14 of them into long-term memories. In other 15 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talkabout 16 —Mother talking about theafternoon 17 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Withoutthis 18 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannotform 19 memories of their personal experiences.Notes: childhood amnesia 儿童失忆症。
考研英语排序题精选
考研英语排序题精选(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--解题实战练习：Directions：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A—E to fill ineach numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] “I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewardsat my dis posal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people offin the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t —it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.[B] “Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are morelikely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain numberof years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.[C] “I’ve got a real problem with my officers. Th ey come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.[D] “Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we knowthat’s not fair — too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.[E] “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports.They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part ofa report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of thereport is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F] “So I just don’t know what to do. I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”[G] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation -- how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:G---( )—( )—( )—( )—( )--F步骤一、理解给定的段落确定文章的文体与结构。
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Text 1整体分析：本篇文章为现象分析型文章，重点分析了航空公司行李丢失的过程和原因，简要地从乘客自身角度提出了对策。
局部分析：首段A：通过个例引出主题，即行李丢失问题及其后果。
末段G：针对机场行李运输中存在的问题向旅客提出了几点建议。
4l. EA段谈的是行李丢失问题的个例，E段谈的是行李丢失问题的普遍情况。
从A到E，这是从具体到一般，注意作者采用了归纳法提出了行李丢失的问题。
而其他选项都是在分析行李丢失现象的原因，是应该在提出问题后谈论的，故只有E项正确。
42. D针对A和E段提出的问题，下面该分析原因了。
D交待的是飞机行李运输背景知识，谈的是正常情况，而B、C、D谈的是不正常的情况。
人们讨论问题的逻辑是从正常到不正常，先说惯例再说例外。
D 谈论的是正常情况、是惯例。
很显然这里应选D。
D的意思是航空公司尽量争取时间，尽量保证行李的正常运输。
43. C上段讲行李的正常运输，C以"In normal circumstances the system works well."与上段衔接。
下面自然引出不正常的情况，即飞机延误，或者人为因素导致行李运输系统出现问题，导致问题产生。
44. F上段讲行李出现问题的普遍情况，F项讲这一情况出现的极端情况，即过于繁忙的、作为枢纽的大机场出现这种情况更加严重。
F首句说"These problems can become severe at transfer airport…"，"these problems"与上段衔接。
从C到F是从轻到重，是递进关系。
故F正确。
45. B上一段讲了忙乱的机场行李丢失现象严重，本段进一步指出即使是效率高的机场也无法解决这个痼疾——并列举了欧洲和美国的例子印证。
B递进了上一段的意思。
末段G：在上段分析问题后，简单地针对个人提出了几点建议。
参考译文：到达国外的机场，结果发现自己的行李没有运到，这是最令人失望不过的事情了。
你如果运气好，坚持几个小时或者几天不换衣服，直到航空公司就把你的行李运来。
如果你的运气糟，到了一个不同气候的地区，离家几千英里远，还不得不穿着完全不适合的衣服。
虽然航空公司很少宣布他们丢失了多少箱子，但是经常旅行的人迟早会和他们的行李分离的。
甚至最优秀的航空公司也会时不时出差错。
也不可能要求一家航空公司保证旅客托运的行李一定上同一架飞机，特别是旅客在旅途中需要转机的情况下。
这个系统是这样运转的。
航空公司坚持要旅客提前很多时间办理登机手续(即旅客要在起飞前指定的时间里到达机场)，目的是要有足够的时间旅客行李穿过机场，装上飞机。
最短换乘时间(MCTs)是指旅客在两个航班之间转机所需的最短时间。
为了转运行李，这个时间也被拖长了。
在正常情况下，这个系统运转良好。
然而，机场额外的安全检查，加上航线上的问题，都可造成航班的延误。
所有这些都会使行李系统失灵。
此外还可能有人为的失误，或者行李上的目的地标签意外丢失。
这些问题在被称为“枢纽”的大型机场会变得很严重，因为有大量的行李要处理。
例如，去年伦敦希斯鲁机场处理了四千一百万件行李，其中九百万件要转运。
仅英国航空公司一家，在希斯鲁机场就有二百万换乘的旅客，其中多数要从一号候机楼(国内和欧洲航班)转到四号候机楼(长途航班)，路程有一英里远。
就连那些效率高的中转机场，如阿姆斯特丹机场、哥本哈根机场、新加坡机场和苏黎世机场也都有——迈阿密机场是丢失行李出名的，那些飞越大西洋的旅客立即换乘飞往拉丁美洲的目的地时，常常丢失行李。
你应该尽可能选择直航，并且在规定时间前尽早办理登机手续。
如果不得不换乘飞机，或者换乘飞机能使票价便宜一些的话，就尽可能全程都乘坐同一家航空公司的飞机。
尽量乘坐早一点的航班到达转乘机场，以便有多一些的换乘时间，另外你一定要在行李的两侧都贴好行李签，写上你的家庭住址和你度假地的地址。
别忘记写上你的航班号。
万一这一切你都做到了，但你的行李还是不见了，你就要和行李大厅里有关航空公司的职员联系，填写一份行李丢失报告。
此事一定要在你离开机场之前做好。
Text 2整体分析：本篇为问题解决型篇章，首先提出妇女带孩子忙这个社会问题，然后提出措施，讲述像“都市宝贝”这样孩子俱乐部的诞生。
然后是对其优缺点进行评价。
局部分析：首段C：在没有孩子之前，Femina的生活丰富多彩，孩子出生后，抚养孩子几乎占据了全部的时间，休闲生活也受到极大限制。
最后说她最近看到了希望，即引导出下文将谈到的对策。
末段F：35岁的总编Pilar Guzmdan将这些俱乐部和欧洲其他免费俱乐部进行比较，说除了精英论——即这些俱乐部只为少数人服务之外，这些俱乐部从整体上讲还是不错的，不应该被批评。
这些转折性的正面评论提示上文有对这些俱乐部不利的评价。
41. A首段举例说明了女士们在抚养孩子和自己的社交活动中难做到两全其美，但末句提到"But Ms. Della Femina sees help in sight." (Ms. Della Femina看到了希望。
)提示接下来应该解释为什么会看到了希望。
A中主要介绍今年十月一种特殊的俱乐部都市贝贝俱乐部将产生，加入此俱乐部后女士们将不再为孩子的事发愁。
也就是说，问题可以得到解决。
实际上这是对首段的问题做出了回答。
因此，A项是首段合乎逻辑的延伸。
42. D此文章是问题解决型，此类型一般包括问题、措施的提出和对措施的评价。
由A得知作者已经给出了具体的措施，即Citibabes(城市宝贝)俱乐部的成立，然后应该对此进行评价。
由于首段指出会所的成立是"help"(希望)，所以接下来的评价应该是正面的。
D和E都是正面评价，但D的内容体现的是整体评价，直接说明俱乐部符合潮流，满足女士照顾孩子和不脱离社会的双重要求，也是对首段问题的一个回应。
而E体现的是评价内容的具体化。
从逻辑看，从总的评价到具体的评价更符合英语思维的习惯，因此选D。
43. ED中对俱乐部的成立做出了整体上的好评。
接下来可以是好评的具体化或者是另一内容，也可以转为相对立的负面评价。
如果是后者，按逻辑关系则不可再回到正面来讨论，而负面内容只有一项，这与本文的段落结构不符。
所以，本段内容应该是继续予以好评。
E说明此类会员制的会所从长远来看是好的，因为“There is something nice about having that small community．”(那样的小会所有很大的优点。
)E可以说是D的具体补充。
44. BE中提到许多人加入此类会所的原因是他们对实行会员制的小规模会所感兴趣。
接下来自然应该解释为什么人们喜欢这种小团体。
B对此现象进行思想更深层面分析：对外界害怕；社会等级思想，即B与E 是现象和本质的关系。
因此B体现了和E的接续关系，符合要求，为正确选项。
45. G通过对末段的研读，尤其是末句中"Whatever criticism these clubs are getting, the basic philosophical kernel shouldn’t be criticized. "(不管这种俱乐部遭到什么样的批评，其核心理念无可厚非。
)可知本文最后得出一个比较客观的结论：对这种会所也有不同意见，但其核心理念是合理的。
因此本段内容应该是对措施持有不同意见或怀疑态度。
G提出这些俱乐部传递的信息让人担心。
"It’s too urban, over the top." (这太都市参考译文：朱迪·黛拉·弗米娜来说，在女儿出生之前，每周各种各样消遣机会很多。
一周四次去专门迎合名人需求的莱都健身房，另外还有时间修趾美甲。
两年前，小安娜贝尔·金的到来给这一切画上了句号。
现在她的锻炼只不过是推推婴儿车，外加偶尔光顾母婴瑜伽课。
修趾美甲只有在迫不得已的时候才做一下。
不过，现在转机出现了。
今年十月，在黛拉·弗米娜女士家附近的苏荷区一家新的名为“城市宝贝”的儿童(和家长)私人新会所将开张营业，这样的会所已经开出了好几家。
黛拉·弗埃米娜女士是一小批特殊人士之一——她是“城市宝贝”的19名会员之一，成为该会所的会员意味着她不再需要在比基尼亮肤剂和儿童芭蕾课之间犯难。
“城市宝贝”是继“亲子城”后开张的。
“亲子城”是一月份开业的，面积20，000平方英尺，地处上城东区。
“城市宝贝”首期会员资格仅1000名，年费1250美元。
相比之下，只要孩子注册了“亲子城”的课程，家长就成为会员，一学期的起点费用为595美元。
眼下这个时代，妈妈们都想方设法让孩子高高兴兴，茁壮成长，与此同时还要扮演好社会角色，保持好穿4号尺码服装的苗条身材。
因此，像“城市宝贝”这样的会所可以说是迎合为人父母者追求的最新潮流。
与Gymboree与Soho House一样，这些会所不仅为孩子们提供了全新的学习机会，同时也提供了关怀父母亲的机会(更不用说社交活动了)。
“亲子城”和“娜娜花园”的老板强调他们面对的是每年能支付1200美元的费用的人，而“城市宝贝”的戈登小姐和弗洛斯特小姐则认为“城市宝贝”的最大吸收力就在于只有受到邀请能参加。
“人们开始可能会感到失望，因为会所是会员制的，”黛拉·弗埃米娜女士说，“但是我认为不幸的是在纽约有必须把事情做小，否则你就无法得到享受。
会员少有着很大的优点。
”社会历史学家，《焦虑的家长：现代美国育儿史》(纽约大学出版社，2003)一书的作者彼得·斯得恩斯说，此类会所的发展“反映了家长们对自己身份的关注及其焦虑”。
这不仅显示家长们认为外部世界危险，孩子们必须受到保护，但是，“很明显，这也是在孩子很小的时候父母给他们上的社会级层的一课。
”尽管许多家长对此类会所带来的便利和会所里的小圈子赞不绝口，但是，还是有一些人担心它传递的讯息。
“整个观念我都反对”，36岁的瑞内·洛克菲勒说，她是四个孩子的母亲。
她带着两岁的儿子泰迪去过“亲子城”，几节课后她就让儿子退出了。
“这太都市化，过头了。
”洛克菲勒太太说道，“要端坐桌前，又要让孩子安静，非常不易，因为需要家长尽力，但这就是你们的事啊；没人说哄孩子容易。
”比拉·古芒，Cookie杂志35岁的主编比较了这些新会所和在欧洲很多国家免费开放的日托机构。
“如果你回避精英论或儿童会所只迎合了部分女性需要的事实，它们的确强化了这个意识，即善待自己和善待孩子之间可能并不相斥，”她说道。
“不管对这种会所有何种批评，其核心理念是无可厚非的。
”Text 3答案与解析41. A 前面的段落说“……从2月1日开始，荷兰易发洪水地区的手机用户有希望听到一个铃声，然后是一个洪水来临时警告撤退的手机短信。