D50317CN10_les01
创维彩电进入总线方法
创维彩电进入总线方法7．6P16数字高清机芯(1)进入：首先将音量减到00，然后按住电视机的音量减键不松手，同时按一下遥控器的屏显键即可进入工厂模式。
(2)退出：按一下遥控器的屏显键，当屏幕上显示FACTORY OFF时，可退出工厂模式。
该机芯彩电存储器的初始化方法如下：(1)先按上述方法进入工厂模式。
在此模式下可见调试项目有两页，按菜单键翻页，首页为线性、枕校、行场幅等项目；次页为帘栅电压调整、亮暗平衡、字符位置及进入隐藏工厂调试菜单PW项。
(2)用频道键将调试项目移到PW项，用音量键将PW的数值改成"133"，再按菜单键即可进入隐藏的两页调试菜单．它们分别是TDA1370调试菜单和E2pROM调试菜单。
用菜单键翻到E2PROM调试页．用频道键将调试项移到EPINIT项后按音量键．当显示PLEASE WAIT时，稍等一会儿屏幕显示PLEASE RESTART说明初始化操作成功，直接关机后再重新开机即可。
8．6P18机芯方法1(用5P30机芯工厂遥控器)：按一下遥控器上的最下面一排的第二个按键(工厂键)便可进入工厂模式。
再按一下工厂键，即可退出工厂模式。
方法2(用6P18机芯遥控器)：首先将音量减到00，然后按住电视机的音量一键，同时按一下遥控器的屏显键，即可进入工厂模式。
按一下清除键，即可退出工厂模式。
4．5．3总线故障故障现象1：5P10机芯彩电，将音量调到"00"，声音仍存在，不能静音。
检修提示：进入维修状态，找到菜单中的VOLUME LON项目，将其数据适当减小，即可恢复最小音量时静音。
故障现象2：5P205P21机芯彩电，有图像，无伴音，但扬声器中有"沙沙"声。
检修提示：进入维修状态，选择菜单"4"中的音频设定项目AUDIO，将数据由MSP3410改为TDA9859，即可出现伴音。
故障现象3：5P10机芯彩电，无伴音，光栅上部4CM左右无光栅，遥控器上的伴音模式和立体声／单声道选择功能失效。
工程量清单和招标控制价编制服务方案
5、20厚1:3水泥砂浆找平层（小厂水泥；+2.500屋面取消）；
6、1:6水泥炉渣找坡层,坡度按照设计要求,最薄处30厚（小厂水泥）,坡度参照设计；另外,设置直径为Φ25UPVC排气管间距不大于4米,与周边女儿墙或墙体上翻高度为450；
7、冷底子油一道；
1、结构板；
2、结构板底部刮腻子三遍抹平压光；
3、面刷白色外墙涂料二遍；
5
出屋面烟道
1.烟道四周采用120厚的页岩标砖砌筑(M5.0混合砂浆)；砌体面抹灰，外墙腻子两遍，白色外墙涂料两遍；烟道高出结构面标高1.8米；
6
屋面检修钢爬梯
1、选用02J401第79页TWWa-54大样；
二、外 墙 部 分
1
2、请施工时注意填充墙体中固定钢射钉及连接件的墙体材料应用页岩标砖或砼
5
外墙5
外墙文化石
1、仿文化石粘贴勾缝
2、10厚1：1水泥砂浆结合层（大厂水泥）
3、水泥砂浆(中砂)厚度13mm1:3 基层打底，加3-5%水泥重量防水剂，0.9公斤/立方米抗裂纤维（大厂水泥）；
4、墙面刷素水泥浆一遍（小厂水泥）。
8、结构层原浆压光；
2
屋面2
用于+58.650、+57.600、+2.500不上人屋面(由上至下)
1、20厚1：2.5水泥砂浆保护层，设置分隔缝(内嵌建筑油膏按≤@1000*1000设置)(大厂水泥)；
2、冷底子油一道；4厚SBS改性沥青防水卷材；阴阳角处铺附加层一道宽度，每边宽度不小于250；
3、20厚1:3水泥砂浆找平层（小厂水泥）；
5）计价软件统一采用鹏业软件，转换成电子表格，一并提交甲方；
派克液压密封件说明书
派克汉尼汾公司版权所有未经许可不能摘录，翻印。
保留修改权利2021年6月警告销售条件本样本中产品和/或系统或相关产品出现故障，选型不当或使用不当，均可能导致人身伤亡和财产损失。
本文档以及由派克·汉尼汾公司及其子公司和授权经销商提供的其他资料，为具有技术知识的用户提供进一步研究所需的产品和/或系统选项。
重要的是，用户必须对您的应用进行全面的分析，并对当前产品样本中与产品或系统相关的资料进行评估。
由于工作条件以及产品或系统的多样性，用户必须自行分析和测试，并独自承担一切后果，包括:产品和系统的最终选型以及确保满足应用的所有性能、安全和警告等方面的要求。
派克·汉尼汾及其子公司可能会随时对本样本中的产品，包括但不限于:产品的特性、产品的规格、产品的结构、产品的有效性以及产品的价格作出变更而不另行通知.本样本中的所有产品均由派克·汉尼汾公司及其子公司和援权经销商销售。
与派克签订的任何销售合同均按照派克标准条件和销售条件中规定的条款执行(提供复印件备索)。
本公司的密封件，只能在本公司的文件资料述及的应用参数范围与接触介质、压力、温度和存放时间相一致的情况下才能使用。
在规定的应用参数范围外使用以及错误选用不同的材料都可能导致密封件寿命的缩短以及设备的损坏，甚至更严重的后果(如生命安全，环境污染等)。
样本中所列出的工作压力、温度范围、运动速度是极限值，它们之间相互关联、相互影响；在极端的工况下，建议不要同时把各个参数都同时用到极限值。
对于特殊的要求（压力、温度、速度、介质等），请联系派克汉尼汾公司以咨询合适的密封结构、材料、配置、安装建议等。
由于诸多工作参数会影响到流体传动系统及密封元件，这些设备的制造商必须在实际工作条件下测试、验证并批准密封系统的功能与可靠性。
此外，对于不断出现的新的介质（液压油、润滑脂、清洗剂等)，用户特别注意它们与目前所用的密封件弹性体材料的兼容性。
我们建议用户在大批量应用之前，在厂内或现场先做密封材料的兼容性能测试，作为密封产品与系统供应商，我们建议用户遵循我们的这些建议。
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第３１卷㊀第３期２０１８年３月环㊀境㊀科㊀学㊀研㊀究ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓＶｏｌ.３１ꎬＮｏ.３Ｍａｒ.ꎬ２０１８收稿日期:２０１７￣０３￣０６㊀㊀㊀修订日期:２０１７￣１１￣２２作者简介:孔佑花(１９９１￣)ꎬ女ꎬ甘肃兰州人ꎬｋｏｎｇｙｈ１５＠ｌｚｕ.ｅｄｕ.ｃｎ.∗责任作者ꎬ王博(１９７８￣)ꎬ男ꎬ甘肃兰州人ꎬ教授ꎬ博士ꎬ博导ꎬ主要从事大气污染控制研究ꎬｗａｎｇｂｏ＠ｌｚｕ.ｅｄｕ.ｃｎ基金项目:中国工程院咨询研究项目(Ｎｏ.２０１５￣０６￣ＸＺ￣０１)ꎻ中央高校基本科研业务费自由探索面上项目(Ｎｏ.ｌｚｕｊｂｋｙ￣２０１６￣１６５)ꎻ国家自然科学基金项目(Ｎｏ.５０９０６０３６)ＳｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＣｏｎｓｕｌｔｉｎｇＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ(Ｎｏ.２０１５￣０６￣ＸＺ￣０１)ꎻＦｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＦｕｎｄｓｆｏｒｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ(Ｎｏ.ｌｚｕｊｂｋｙ￣２０１６￣１６５)ꎻＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ(Ｎｏ.５０９０６０３６)孔佑花ꎬ张金贵ꎬ张少伟ꎬ等.河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的ＣＦＤ数值仿真[Ｊ].环境科学研究ꎬ２０１８ꎬ３１(３):４５０￣４５６.ＫＯＮＧＹｏｕｈｕａꎬＺＨＡＮＧＪｉｎｇｕｉꎬＺＨＡＮＧＳｈａｏｗｅｉꎬｅｔａｌ.ＣＦＤｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄａｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｉｎｖａｌｌｅｙｃｉｔｉｅｓ[Ｊ].ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬ２０１８ꎬ３１(３):４５０￣４５６.河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的ＣＦＤ数值仿真孔佑花１ꎬ张金贵１ꎬ张少伟１ꎬ蒋友严２ꎬ姜云超１ꎬ王㊀博１∗１.兰州大学资源环境学院ꎬ甘肃省环境污染预警与控制重点实验室ꎬ甘肃兰州㊀７３００００２.西北区域气候中心ꎬ甘肃兰州㊀７３００２０摘要:为研究河谷型城市地形及其引起的风场和污染物扩散的复杂问题ꎬ利用ＣＦＤ(计算流体力学)方法和复杂地形网格生成技术ꎬ建立河谷型城市风场及大气污染分布的数值仿真模型ꎬ实现ＣＦＤ方法在复杂地形空气运动和污染物扩散方面的应用.分别使用ＬＥＳ(ｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ)模型和ｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ模型研究兰州市地面风场特征和污染物扩散形态ꎬ计算得到的污染物分布结果与实测结果分布一致.结果表明:复杂地形对空气运动的影响很大ꎬ如风速因山体屏障作用会呈现带状分布特征ꎬ山体后侧易出现弱风区域ꎻ同时ꎬ风场会密切影响污染物扩散ꎬ决定了污染物扩散形态ꎬ如幅散能够影响污染物扩散范围及污染水平.而给定西北风条件下ꎬ如地面以上１０ｍ㊁风速为５ｍ∕ｓ㊁不受地形阻挡情况下ꎬ工业区污染物浓度被稀释１０倍ꎬ约扩散２ ２ｋｍꎻ山体阻挡会抑制污染物纵向扩散ꎬ表现在山体阻挡情况下污染物稀释１００倍时的扩散长度约为相对平坦区域的１∕３.此外ꎬ不同的入口风向会引起空气运动与山体相互作用发生变化ꎬ进而会使得地面风速㊁局部风场存在差异ꎬ造成污染物扩散及分布形态差异.研究显示ꎬＣＦＤ方法可行ꎬ模型可靠ꎬ可以用来研究地形对风场和污染物扩散的影响.关键词:河谷型城市ꎻ兰州ꎻ复杂地形网格ꎻ空气污染扩散中图分类号:Ｘ１６９㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀文章编号:１００１￣６９２９(２０１８)０３￣０４５０￣０７文献标志码:ＡＤＯＩ:１０ １３１９８∕ｊ ｉｓｓｎ １００１￣６９２９ ２０１７ ０３ ９１ＣＦＤＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＷｉｎｄＦｉｅｌｄａｎｄＰｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔＤｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｉｎＶａｌｌｅｙＣｉｔｉｅｓＫＯＮＧＹｏｕｈｕａ１ꎬＺＨＡＮＧＪｉｎｇｕｉ１ꎬＺＨＡＮＧＳｈａｏｗｅｉ１ꎬＪＩＡＮＧＹｏｕｙａｎ２ꎬＪＩＡＮＧＹｕｎｃｈａｏ１ꎬＷＡＮＧＢｏ１∗１.ＧａｎｓｕＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｆｏｒＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎＰｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＣｏｎｔｒｏｌꎬＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＥａｒｔｈＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬＬａｎｚｈｏｕＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙꎬＬａｎｚｈｏｕ７３００００ꎬＣｈｉｎａ２.ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＲｅｇｉｏｎａｌＣｌｉｍａｔｅＣｅｎｔｅｒꎬＬａｎｚｈｏｕ７３００２０ꎬＣｈｉｎａＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ:Ｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｏｆｖａｌｌｅｙｃｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｉｔｓｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎꎬｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｆｌｕｉｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓ(ＣＦＤ)ａｎｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｇｒｉｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅａｒｅｕｓｅｄｔｏｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｔｈｅｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌꎬｒｅａｌｉｚｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣＦＤｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎａｉｒｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ.ＴｏｓｅｔｕｐｔｈｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｉｎＣＦＤꎬｔｈｅｄｉｇｉｔａｌｔｅｒｒａｉｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙａｒｅａｗａｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｓｕｓｉｎｇＧｏｏｇｌｅＥａｒｔｈｅｌｅｖａｔｉｏｎｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅａｎｄｔｈｅｎｉｍｐｏｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｏＧａｍｂｉｔｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅ.ＩｎＧａｍｂｉｔꎬｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｍｅｓｈｅｓｏｖｅｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｗｅｒｅｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｊｏｕｒｎａｌｆｉｌｅｓｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｉｎｐｒｏｇｒａｍ.ＩｎｔｈｅＣＦＤｍｏｄｅｌꎬｔｈｅｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｃｅｗａｓｍｏｄｅｌｌｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ(ＬＥＳ)ꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｈａｓｅｍｏｄｅｌ.ＴｈｅｖａｌｉｄｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｗａｓｖｅｒｉｆｉｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｇｏｏｄａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｉｎＬａｎｚｈｏｕＣｉｔｙａｎｄｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｈａｓａｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄ.Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅꎬｗｉｎｄｓｐｅｅｄｓｈｏｗｅｄｓｔｒｉｐｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｒｏｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｂｌｏｃｋｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓ.Ｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｉｓｗｅａｋａｔｔｈｅｂａｃｋｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎ.Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅꎬｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓｗｉｌｌｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎꎬａｓｔｈｅｄｉｖｅｒｇｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓｃａｎａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎｓｃｏｐｅａｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｌｅｖｅｌ.Ｕｎｄｅｒｔｈｅｇｉｖｅｎｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｗｉｎｄｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｔｈａｔａｉｒｓｐｅｅｄｉｓ５ｍ∕ｓａｂｏｖｅ１０ｍｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄꎬｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｎｆｌａｔｔｅｒｒａｉｎｉｓｄｉｌｕｔｅｄａｂｏｕｔ１０ｔｉｍｅｓａｔｔｈｅｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆ２ ２ｋｍｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｅｎｔｅｒ.Ｗｉｔｈｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎ第３期孔佑花等:河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的ＣＦＤ数值仿真㊀㊀㊀ｂｌｏｃｋｉｎｇꎬｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｔｗｈｉｃｈｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｄｉｌｕｔｅｄ１００ｔｉｍｅｓｉｓａｂｏｕｔｏｎｅｔｈｉｒｄｏｆｔｈａｔｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｆｌａｔａｒｅａꎬｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｂｌｏｃｋｉｎｇｃａｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｔｈｅｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｉｎａｌｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ.Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎꎬｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉｎｌｅｔｗｉｎｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｗｏｕｌｄｃｈａｎｇｅｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｗｉｎｄａｎｄｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎꎬｗｈｉｃｈｗｉｌｌｃｈａｎｇｅｔｈｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｗｉｎｄｓｐｅｅｄａｎｄｌｏｃａｌｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓꎬｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎａｎｄｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｓ.ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔＣＦＤｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｆｅａｓｉｂｌｅｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｅｒｒａｉｎｏｎｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｓａｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ.Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ:ｖａｌｌｅｙｃｉｔｉｅｓꎻＬａｎｚｈｏｕꎻｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｍｅｓｈꎻａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎ㊀㊀随着工业的发展ꎬ城市空气污染问题愈发严峻ꎬ河谷型城市因其风场和污染物扩散㊁累积的特殊性引起了众多学者的关注.如Ａｎｔｔｉｌａ等[１]在斯科普里进行的研究表明ꎬ复杂地形和不利气象条件会使得污染物大量积累ꎻＢｒｕｌｆｅｒｔ等[２]发现ꎬ狭长河谷的空气污染物扩散情况取决于受复杂地形所影响的空气动力学条件ꎻＧｒｅｅｎ等[３]研究证实ꎬ地形差异所引起的热力差异对污染物浓度有很大影响.地形是影响河谷型城市污染物扩散的最重要因素[４]ꎬ但针对地形及其所引起的风场和污染物扩散的研究依然有限ꎬ难以指导河谷型城市的大气污染预报和减排ꎬ有必要加强河谷型城市地形㊁风场㊁污染物扩散之间关系的研究.气象模式是目前研究地形㊁污染物和边界层条件之间相互作用和关系的常用方法ꎬ主要有ＷＲＦ㊁ＭＭ５等.如Ｒｉｔｔｅｒ等[５]使用ＷＲＦ￣Ｃｈｅｍ耦合模型对复杂地形气象条件和污染情况进行了模拟研究ꎬ并结合观测值讨论了模型性能ꎻＬｅｅ等[６]对ＭＭ５模式修改后在洛杉矶北部的塔谷进行了模拟研究ꎬ发现修改后的ＭＭ５对ＣＯ和Ｏ３模拟更加准确.但是气象模式由于分辨率较粗ꎬ存在模拟结果不够准确的弊端[７]ꎬ如Ｇｓｅｌｌａ等[８]在对意大利波河河谷复杂地形的模拟研究中发现ꎬＭＭ５和ＷＲＦ对复杂地形模拟效果较简单地形模拟效果要差很多ꎻＭｅｉｊ等[９]研究发现ꎬＭＭ５很难模拟出弱风㊁垂直方向低混合度等复杂河谷地区常见现象.气象模式在简单地形空气运动表现很好ꎬ然而不太适用于研究复杂地形之上的空气运动.ＣＦＤ(ｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｆｌｕｉｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓꎬ计算流体力学)是２０世纪６０年代起伴随计算机技术迅速崛起的学科.近年来ꎬ使用ＣＦＤ方法进行的研究日益增多ꎬ在城市街谷[１０￣１１]㊁风能评价[１２￣１３]㊁风场变化[１４￣１６]等方面都取得了很好的成果.如Ｓｉｍõｅｓ等[１３]将城市建筑物简化为地形后使用ＣＦＤ方法进行城市风资源评价ꎬ大幅提高了城市风资源评价的准确性ꎻＬＩＵ等[１６]运用ＣＦＤꎬ通过改变地面粗糙度反映土地利用变化ꎬ给出了城市扩展对月牙泉风场的影响.这些研究表明ꎬＣＦＤ在复杂地形精细模拟上具有独特优势[１７￣１８]ꎬ能够胜任对河谷型城市风场㊁污染物扩散的研究.兰州市位于我国西北部ꎬ属温带大陆性气候ꎬ是典型的河谷型城市.为进一步认识河谷型城市地面风场特征和污染物扩散形态ꎬ以兰州市为例ꎬ提取复杂地形地面高程ꎬ绘制复杂地形城市网格ꎬ运用ＣＦＤ技术ꎬ研究兰州市西北㊁西风向[１９]条件下的地形对风场及污染物扩散的影响ꎬ以期为复杂地形之上的风场和污染物扩散研究提供一个新的思路.１㊀研究方法选择兰州市为案例区域ꎬ黄河横穿兰州全境ꎬ切穿山岭ꎬ形成峡谷与盆地相间的串珠型河谷.兰州市平均海拔１５２０ｍꎬ最低点海拔１５０３ｍꎬ最高点海拔２１７１ｍ.研究区域长４５ｋｍ㊁宽１５ｋｍ 见图１(ａ)中黑色矩形框区域 ꎬ与水平方向有１８ʎ夹角ꎬ矩形４个顶点的地理位置:左上角(１０３ ５３６６８２ʎＥ㊁３６ ２０５８０３ʎＮ)㊁右上角(１０４ ０１７１３８ʎＥ㊁３６ ０９０１０６ʎＮ)㊁左下角(１０３ ４８７９８５ʎＥ㊁３６ ０７６５０５ʎＮ)㊁右下角(１０３ ９６８４４１ʎＥ㊁３５ ９６０８０８ʎＮ).研究区域内每２００ｍ取１个点ꎬ借助ＧｏｏｇｌｅＥａｒｔｈ高程提取软件获取每个点的高程ꎬ确定该点的空间坐标ꎬ得到研究区域数字地形.使用Ｇａｍｂｉｔ进行网格划分ꎬ将地面各点坐标导入Ｇａｍｂｉｔ中ꎬ通过编写程序实现相邻点之间的连接㊁线与线的组合构成地面网格.地面网格完成后ꎬ以下部稠密㊁上部稀疏的原则绘制４个侧面网格ꎬ侧面网格从地面绘制到海拔５０００ｍ高度.最后ꎬ通过面网格生成体网格ꎬ体网格均为六面体网格ꎬ网格数为１３５００００个 见图１(ｂ) .研究[２０￣２１]表明ꎬ数值仿真的结果并不由网格特征决定ꎬ呈现与网格无关特性.网格地面高度情况如图１(ｃ)所示ꎬ对比图１(ａ)可知ꎬ网格可以反映出兰州市实际的地形起伏情况.图１(ａ)中ｉｎｔ１~ｉｎｔ４对应表１所示边界条件.采用ｓｉｍｐｌｅ算法求解压力速度耦合方程ꎬ湍流模型使用ＬＥＳ模型[２２]中的Ｓｍａｇｏｒｉｎｓｋｙ￣Ｌｉｌｌｙ模型ꎬ模型中的涡黏性计算方程:μｔ＝ρＬｓ２Ｓ(１)式中:μｔ为亚网格湍流黏性系数ꎻρ为密度ꎬｋｇ∕ｍ３ꎻＬｓ为亚网格的混合长度ꎬｍ.其中ꎬＬｓ＝ｍｉｎ(ｋｄꎬＣｓＶ１∕３)ꎬ其中ｋ为比例系数ꎬ取０ ４２ꎻｄ为到最近壁面的距离ꎬｍꎻ１５４㊀㊀㊀环㊀境㊀科㊀学㊀研㊀究第３１卷㊀㊀㊀图１㊀研究区域和网格划分Ｆｉｇ.１Ｓｔｕｄｙａｒｅａａｎｄｇｒｉｄ表１㊀不同风向下边界条件Ｔａｂｌｅ１Ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｗｉｎｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ风向条件ｉｎｔ１ｉｎｔ２ｉｎｔ３ｉｎｔ４西北风速度入口速度入口压力出口压力出口西风速度入口压力出口压力出口速度入口Ｃｓ为Ｓｍａｇｏｒｉｎｓｋｙ常数ꎬ对于较多的流动问题ꎬＣｓ＝０ １有比较好的模拟结果[２３￣２６]ꎻＶ为计算控制体体积ꎬｍ３.Ｓʉ２ＳｉｊＳｉｊꎬ其中ꎬｉ㊁ｊ为空间向量坐标ꎬＳｉｊ为求解尺度下的应变率张量.多相流模型使用ｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ模型ꎬ空气设为主相ꎬＳＯ２作为污染物设为第二相.ＳＯ２密度设为２ ７７ｋｇ∕ｍ３ꎬ动力黏度设为０ ００００１２Ｐａ ｓ.模型顶面边界条件设为ｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｙ[２７]ꎬ可以显著提高计算稳定性且对计算结果影响很小.地面边界条件设为ｗａｌｌꎬ迎风面入口设为速度入口ꎬ背风面出口设为压力出口.结合马敏劲等[１９]和天气后报网站[２８]２００１ ２０１５年持续风向中各风向分布情况ꎬ得出研究区域２００１ ２０１５年各风向频数ꎬ以此确定速度入口分别为西北和西风向ꎬ入口垂直方向风速采用普朗特对数律风速廓线模式并结合实际观测数据进行拟合调整ꎬ最终采用如下公式:ｖ＝１ ７４７ˑｌｎ[(ｚ－１５００)∕２ ５](２)式中:ｖ为风速ꎬｍ∕ｓꎻｚ为海拔ꎬｍ.通过用户自定义函数(ｕｓｅｒ￣ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓ)可实现入口风速的设定.污染物出口位于图１(ｃ)中两处白色正方形位置ꎬ分别对应中国石油兰州石化公司(左侧)和兰州第二热电厂(右侧)污染物排放.两处污染源均为边长４００ｍ的正方形区域ꎬ以相同浓度缓慢释放污染物.２㊀结果与讨论２ １㊀风场情况注:红色矩形边框区域为山体屏障效应形成的弱风区域.图２㊀不同风向下地面以上１０ｍ风速分布情况Ｆｉｇ.２Ｗｉｎｄｓｐｅｅｄａｔ１０ｍａｂｏｖｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｗｉｎｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ由研究区域西北风向下地面以上１０ｍ的风速情况(见图２)可知ꎬ风速分布不均匀ꎬ呈现带状分布现象.受屏障效应[２９]影响ꎬ高耸山体后侧风速偏小ꎬ形成多个弱风区域ꎬ在这些区域污染物扩散会受到抑制.如在西北风向下白塔山背风侧的区域ꎬ受白塔山阻挡地面以上１０ｍ风速仅在３ｍ∕ｓ左右ꎬ该区域污染物扩散速度会远慢于未受屏障效应影响的区域.而在屏障效应影响较小区域ꎬ风速偏高ꎬ同弱风区域共同形成了风速带状分布现象.对比西风向和西北风向下地面以上１０ｍ的风速情况可以发现ꎬ入口风向不同时ꎬ屏障效应存在差异ꎬ造成风速分布不同.具体而言ꎬ西风向下连续山体持续屏障作用ꎬ使得河２５４第３期孔佑花等:河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的ＣＦＤ数值仿真㊀㊀㊀谷盆地区域风速集中在２~４ｍ∕ｓꎬ小于西北风向下河谷盆地区域的平均风速ꎬ也未形成西北风向下出现的风速带状分布现象.图３展示了西北风向下地面以上１０ｍ风向情况.可以发现ꎬ整体风向会受地形影响略有转变ꎬ但幅度较弱.而部分地形起伏区域对空气运动强迫作用强ꎬ风向变化明显ꎬ并在不同的山体结构强迫出不同的局部风场.如山体迎风坡风向易发生转变ꎬ山体后侧易出现涡旋型流场ꎬ这与李磊等[１７]对近地层风场的研究一致.如图３中黑色矩形边框区域ꎬ皋兰山迎风坡陡峭ꎬ空气受到地形强迫ꎬ风向发生小幅度转变后沿山体运动ꎻ再如红色矩形边框区域ꎬ山体屏障效应形成弱风区域(见图２红色矩形边框区域)ꎬ进而形成了小幅度的反气旋式风场.由于反气旋式风场处于背风侧弱风区域ꎬ污染物扩散速度偏慢ꎬ在旋转风场的作用下极易造成污染物的积累ꎬ特定条件下应注意防范该区域污染物积累造成的危害.注:风速为１０ｍ∕ｓ.红色矩形边框区域为地形强迫形成的逆时针小幅气旋式风场.黑色边框区域为地形强迫引起的风向小幅转变.图３㊀西北风向下地面以上１０ｍ风向情况Ｆｉｇ.３Ｗｉｎｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎａｔ１０ｍａｂｏｖｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｗｉｎｄ㊀㊀为验证西北风向下地面以上１０ｍ风向模拟结果的可靠性ꎬ选择同为西北风向下兰州市及周边地区ＥＣ(ＥＣＭＷＦꎬ欧洲中期数值预报中心)细网格资料ꎬ如图４所示.从图４可以看出ꎬＥＣ细网格显示的研究区域主体风向(见图４矩形框中的风矢量线)仍为西北风ꎬ局部地区由于山体阻隔导致风向发生改变ꎬ验证了使用ＬＥＳ模型研究兰州市风场的可靠性和准确性.西北风向下Ｘ＝１５０００ｍ位置垂直方向风速分布情况如图５所示.从图５可以看出ꎬ地形会引起风速波动ꎬ波动幅度与上风向地形起伏程度密切相关.靠近地面区域ꎬ受地形影响大ꎬ风速波动剧烈.随着海拔的升高ꎬ地形影响逐渐减小ꎬ风速波动随之降低.(Ｙ＝９０００ｍꎬＺ＝２０００ｍ)坐标附近出现低速区域ꎬ使得在一些位置随着高度提高风速降低.该现象与刘敏等[３０]在湖北省仙居顶附近的观测结果一致ꎬ观测显示仙居顶在３０~５０ｍ高度风速出现下降ꎬ这是山体对空气运动的强迫作用所致.图２~５展示了使用ＣＦＤ方法得到的兰州市西北㊁西风向下的风场情况ꎬ以往的工作中对东㊁北㊁南风向条件下地形对风场及污染物扩散的影响均有研注:风场分布时刻为２０１７年１０月１５日０８:００.图４㊀兰州及周边地区风场分布Ｆｉｇ.４ＷｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＬａｎｚｈｏｕａｎｄｔｈｅｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇａｒｅａ究ꎬ仿真结果显示ꎬ东㊁北㊁南风条件下与西北㊁西风作用规律相似.相比于已有针对复杂地形的研究[１７￣１８]ꎬ３５４㊀㊀㊀环㊀境㊀科㊀学㊀研㊀究第３１卷图５㊀西北风向下Ｘ＝１５０００ｍ位置垂直方向风速分布Ｆｉｇ.５ＶｅｒｔｉｃａｌｗｉｎｄｓｐｅｅｄａｔＸ＝１５０００ｍｕｎｄｅｒｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｗｉｎｄ笔者对风场的研究有以下特点:①更加广阔的研究区域.李磊等[１７￣１８]的研究中ꎬＣＦＤ方法的研究区域局限于单个山体的较小范围.笔者将研究范围扩大到４５ｋｍˑ１５ｋｍꎬ囊括整个河谷地形ꎬ可以给出不同山体之间的相互作用ꎬ更好地展示地形引起的风场变化.如图２中展示的风速带状分布ꎬ其与多个山体的屏障作用有关ꎬ针对单一山体的研究难以展示出风速带状分布现象.②通过地面风场局部特征表明方法的可行性.与李磊等[１７]在陡峭风场通过定性分析表明方法可行性一致.２ ２㊀污染分布情况由于模拟时段同期数据不易获取.虽然模拟与风场及污染物验证采用数据的时段不同ꎬ但均为历史同期(１０月)数据资料ꎬ所以采用２０１７年风场及污染物数据进行验证.使用ｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ模型计算得到的ρ(ＳＯ２)分布情况如图６所示.图６左侧区域污染物稀释程度 ρ(ＳＯ２)模拟值与入口值之比 在０ １以上的范围ꎬ长约２ ２ｋｍꎬ宽约０ ７ｋｍꎬ对应图２中风速约为５ｍ∕ｓ.表明在给定条件下ꎬ该位置污染物稀释１０倍时约需要２ ２ｋｍꎬ工业区域下风向２ ２ｋｍˑ０ ７ｋｍ范围内最易受高浓度污染物影响.图６右侧区域污染物稀释程度０ １以上的范围较左侧小ꎬ这是由于其靠近山体ꎬ受山体阻挡所致.图６中稀释程度在０ ０１以上的污染范围ꎬ左侧长约１５ １ｋｍꎬ右侧长约４ ７ｋｍꎬ右侧污染物扩散途经的山体高度约为４５０ｍꎬ这表明山体阻挡会抑制污染物纵向扩散.受山体阻挡作用影响ꎬ污染物在山体前侧积累ꎬ增大污染物越过山体继续扩散的难度ꎬ造成山体后侧污染物扩散距离减小ꎬ表现在山体阻挡情况下污染物稀释１００倍时的扩散长度约为相对平坦区域的１∕３.采用兰州市城市大气环境网格化监测数据ꎬ统计２０１７年９月２２日 １０月２１日兰州市主城区(包括西固区㊁城关区㊁七里河区㊁安宁区)共３６８个微型站点３０ｄ的ρ(ＳＯ２)ꎬ计算每个微型站点的ρ(ＳＯ２)的月图６㊀西北风向下ｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ模型对ρ(ＳＯ２)的仿真结果Ｆｉｇ.６Ｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎｕｎｄｅｒｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｗｉｎｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｍｏｄｅｌ平均值ꎬ利用ＡｒｃＧＩＳ１０ ２进行插值ꎬ结果如图７所示.对比图６㊁７发现ꎬ在中国石油兰州石化公司(左侧)和兰州第二热电厂(右侧)ＳＯ２分布区域大致相似ꎬ均呈带状向东南方向扩散ꎬ表明ｍｉｘｔｕｒｅ模型用于研究兰州市的污染物扩散是合理的.图７㊀兰州市主城区ρ(ＳＯ２)监测值的空间分布Ｆｉｇ.７ＳｐａｔｉａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｉｎｍａｉｎｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｏｆＬａｎｚｈｏｕＣｉｔｙ东侧河谷地面以上１０ｍ流线及污染物分布情况如图８所示.在图８中黑色矩形边框区域ꎬ空气沿峡谷运动ꎬ峡谷口逐渐扩散ꎬ使得空气发散运动ꎬ进而在河谷盆地区域形成了更大范围的发散现象ꎬ即幅散现象[３１].幅散现象会对污染物扩散造成巨大影响(见图８)ꎬ发散运动的空气会带动污染物发散ꎬ引起污染物分布更宽ꎬ改变污染物扩散范围和污染水平.在图８中红色矩形边框区域ꎬ流线的集中是峡谷强迫所致ꎬ即空气由峡谷口进入峡谷后ꎬ受峡谷两侧山体的强迫ꎬ形成了沿峡谷的空气运动ꎬ这与Ｎｙｌｅｎ等[３２]研究中峡谷内风向变化一致.峡谷内风向变化会改变污染物扩散形态ꎬ使得污染物分布带发生扭曲(见图８).西北㊁西风向下地面以上１０ｍ污染物分布情况如图９所示.从图９可以看出ꎬ西北风向下稀释程度在０ １以上的污染范围明显小于西风向下的污染范围ꎬ这是两种风向下山体屏障效应差异引起地面风速不同所致.风向差异引起屏障效应差异ꎬ进而引起地４５４第３期孔佑花等:河谷型城市风场及污染物扩散的ＣＦＤ数值仿真㊀㊀㊀注:红色矩形边框区域为受峡谷两侧山体强迫形成的集中风场.黑色矩形边框区域为幅散现象引起的空气大范围发散运动.图８㊀西北风向下东侧河谷地面以上１０ｍ流线及ＳＯ２分布Ｆｉｇ.８Ｓｔｒｅａｍｌｉｎｅａｎｄｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎａｔ１０ｍａｂｏｖｅｇｒｏｕｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｗｉｎｄｏｖｅｒｅａｓｔｖａｌｌｅｙ图９㊀地面以上１０ｍＳＯ２分布情况Ｆｉｇ.９Ｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎａｔ１０ｍａｂｏｖｅｇｒｏｕｎｄ面风速差异(见图２)ꎬ最终造成污染物扩散速度差异和分布形态不同.此外ꎬ西风向下污染物分布带在山体附近也会发生扭曲ꎬ同样为地形强迫及其引起的局部风场所致.总体而言ꎬ入口风向不同会引起风速㊁局部风场的差异ꎬ进而造成污染物扩散速度㊁扩散路径的差异ꎬ最终表现在污染物分布形态的不同.相较于已有使用ＣＦＤ方法的研究ꎬ笔者对污染物扩散的研究有以下特点:①在城市尺度使用ＣＦＤ方法研究污染物分布情况.已有使用ＣＦＤ的研究中ꎬ多以城市街谷[１１]㊁小区[３３]㊁厂区[３４]的污染物扩散研究为主.笔者将研究区域扩大到城市尺度ꎬ并通过与实测值对比证明了城市尺度使用ＣＦＤ方法进行污染物扩散研究的可行性ꎬ对未来ＣＦＤ应用于河谷城市污染预报具有一定的指导意义.②揭示了地形同风场㊁污染物扩散的关系.通过分析地形引起的风场变化ꎬ分析风场造成的污染物分布带的扭曲ꎬ揭示了地形同风场㊁污染物扩散的关系ꎬ有利于更好地理解复杂河谷城市污染扩散特点.３㊀结论ａ)ＣＦＤ方法可以很好地展示复杂地形之上的风场情况ꎬ计算得到的污染物(ＳＯ２)分布结果与实测结果分布一致ꎬ方法可行ꎬ模型可靠ꎬ可以用来研究地形对风场和污染物扩散的影响.ｂ)复杂地形对空气运动的影响很大ꎬ风速因山体屏障作用会呈现带状分布特征ꎬ山体后侧易出现弱风区域.ｃ)给定条件下ꎬ地面以上１０ｍ风速为５ｍ∕ｓ时ꎬ不受地形阻挡情况下工业区污染物稀释１０倍约扩散２ ２ｋｍ.ｄ)山体阻挡会抑制污染物纵向扩散ꎬ表现在山体阻挡情况下污染物稀释１００倍时的扩散长度约为相对平坦区域的１∕３.ｅ)风场密切影响污染物扩散ꎬ决定了污染物扩散形态ꎬ幅散能够影响污染物扩散范围及污染水平.ｆ)不同的入口风向会引起空气运动与山体相互作用发生变化ꎬ进而会使得地面风速㊁局部风场存在差异ꎬ造成污染物扩散及分布形态差异.参考文献(Ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ):[１]㊀ＡＮＴＴＩＬＡＰꎬＳＴＥＦＡＮＯＶＳＫＡＡꎬＮＥＳＴＯＲＯＶＳＫＡ￣ＫＲＳＴＥＳＫＡＡꎬｅｔａｌ.ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｘｔｒｅｍｅａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｅｐｉｓｏｄｅｓｉｎａｎｕｒｂａｎｖａｌｌｅｙｉｎｔｈｅＢａｌｋａｎＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａ[Ｊ].ＡｉｒＱｕａｌｉｔｙＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｎｄＨｅａｌｔｈꎬ２０１６ꎬ９(２):１２９￣１４１.[２]㊀ＢＲＵＬＦＥＲＴＧꎬＣＨＥＭＥＬＣꎬＣＨＡＸＥＬＥꎬｅｔａｌ.Ａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔｏｆ２０１０ａｉｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｉｎｔｗｏＡｌｐｉｎｅｖａｌｌｅｙｓｆｒｏｍｍｏｄｅｌｌｉｎｇ:ｗｅａｔｈｅｒｔｙｐｅａｎｄｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓｃｅｎａｒｉｏｓ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔꎬ２００６ꎬ４０(４０):７８９３￣７９０７.[３]㊀ＧＲＥＥＮＭＣꎬＣＨＯＷＪＣꎬＷＡＴＳＯＮＪＧꎬｅｔａｌ.ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｓｎｏｗｃｏｖｅｒａｎｄａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｎｗｉｎｔｅｒＰＭ２ ５ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＵＳｖａｌｌｅｙｓ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＣｌｉｍａｔｏｌｏｇｙꎬ２０１５ꎬ５４(６):１１９１￣１２０１.[４]㊀ＣＡＲＶＡＬＨＯＡＣꎬＣＡＲＶＡＬＨＯＡꎬＧＥＬＰＩＩꎬｅｔａｌ.ＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｏｐｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄｌａｎｄｕｓｅｏｎｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＡｔｌａｎｔｉｃｃｏａｓｔｏｆＩｂｅｒｉａｎＰｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔꎬ２００６ꎬ４０(２１):３９６９￣３９８２.[５]㊀ＲＩＴＴＥＲＭꎬＭÜＬＬＥＲＭＤꎬＴＳＡＩＭＹꎬｅｔａｌ.Ａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｖｅｒｖｅｒｙｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎ:ａｎｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＷＲＦ￣ＣｈｅｍｏｖｅｒＳｗｉｔｚｅｒｌａｎｄｆｏｒｔｗｏ１￣ｙｅａｒｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈꎬ２０１３ꎬ１３２:２０９￣２２２.[６]㊀ＬＥＥＳＭꎬＰＲＩＮＣＥＶＡＣＭꎬＭＩＴＳＵＴＯＭＩＳꎬｅｔａｌ.ＭＭ５ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒａｉｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ:ａｎａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｏａｃｏａｓｔａｌａｒｅａｗｉｔｈｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔꎬ２００９ꎬ４３(２):４４７￣４５７.[７]㊀ＤＥＭＥＩＪＡꎬＶＩＮＵＥＳＡＪＦ.ＩｍｐａｃｔｏｆＳＲＴＭａｎｄＣｏｒｉｎｅＬａｎｄＣｏｖｅｒ５５４㊀㊀㊀环㊀境㊀科㊀学㊀研㊀究第３１卷ｄａｔａｏｎｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｕｓｉｎｇＷＲＦ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈꎬ２０１４ꎬ１４３:３５１￣３７０.[８]㊀ＧＳＥＬＬＡＡꎬＤＥＭＥＩＪＡꎬＫＥＲＳＣＨＢＡＵＭＥＲＡꎬｅｔａｌ.ＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＭＭ５ꎬＷＲＦａｎｄＴＲＡＭＰＥＲｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｏｆｔｈｅＰｏＶａｌｌｅｙꎬＩｔａｌｙ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔꎬ２０１４ꎬ８９:７９７￣８０６.[９]㊀ＭＥＩＪＡꎬＧＺＥＬＬＡＡꎬＣＵＶＥＬＩＥＲＣꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆＭＭ５ａｎｄＷＲＦｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙｏｖｅｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｏｎＣＨＩＭＥＲＥｍｏｄｅｌｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄＰｈｙｓｉｃｓꎬ２００９ꎬ９(１７):６６１１￣６６３２.[１０]㊀ＴＨＡＫＥＲＰꎬＧＯＫＨＡＬＥＳ.Ｔｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｔｒａｆｆｉｃ￣ｆｌｏｗｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｎａｉｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｉｎｕｒｂａｎｓｔｒｅｅｔｃａｎｙｏｎｓ[Ｊ].ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎꎬ２０１６ꎬ２０８:１６１￣１６９.[１１]㊀张传福ꎬ曾建荣ꎬ文谋ꎬ等.高架桥对街道峡谷内大气颗粒物输运的影响[Ｊ].环境科学研究ꎬ２０１２ꎬ２５(２):１５９￣１６４.ＺＨＡＮＧＣｈｕａｎｆｕꎬＺＥＮＧＪｉａｎｒｏｎｇꎬＷＥＮＭｏｕꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｖｉａｄｕｃｔｓｏｎｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｏｆａｉｒｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎｓｔｒｅｅｔｃａｎｙｏｎｓ[Ｊ].ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬ２０１２ꎬ２５(２):１５９￣１６４. [１２]㊀ＳＩＬＶＡＪꎬＤＡＳＩＬＶＡＦＭꎬＣＯＵＴＯＡꎬｅｔａｌ.ＡｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｔｈｅｆｌｏｗｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｆｆｓｈｏｒｅｗｉｎｄｄａｔａｕｓｉｎｇＣＦＤｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｗｉｎｄｔｕｎｎｅｌｔｅｓｔｓ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＷｉｎｄＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌＡｅｒｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓꎬ２０１５ꎬ１４０:８７￣９４.[１３]㊀ＳＩＭÕＥＳＴꎬＥＳＴＡＮＱＵＥＩＲＯＡ.Ａｎｅｗｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｙｆｏｒｕｒｂａｎｗｉｎｄｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅａｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ[Ｊ].ＲｅｎｅｗａｂｌｅＥｎｅｒｇｙꎬ２０１６ꎬ８９:５９８￣６０５. [１４]㊀李沁怡ꎬ蔡旭晖ꎬ康凌.建筑扰动条件下大气流动与扩散的ＣＦＤ模拟[Ｊ].环境科学研究ꎬ２０１３ꎬ２６(８):８２９￣８３７.ＬＩＱｉｎｙｉꎬＣＡＩＸｕｈｕｉꎬＫＡＮＧＬｉｎｇ.ＣＦＤｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｆｌｏｗａｎｄｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｕｎｄｅｒｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｄｉｓｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ[Ｊ].ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬ２０１３ꎬ２６(８):８２９￣８３７.[１５]㊀ＨＡＣÈＮＥＦＢꎬＡＢＢÉＳＭＴꎬＭＥＲＺＯＵＫＮＫꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒａｔｈｒｅｅ￣ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｗｉｎｄｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｆｉｅｌｄｕｓｉｎｇＴéｎèｓＡｌｇｅｒｉａａｓａｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙ[Ｊ].ＲｅｎｅｗａｂｌｅａｎｄＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＥｎｅｒｇｙＲｅｖｉｅｗｓꎬ２０１２ꎬ１６(１):２９￣３６.[１６]㊀ＬＩＵＢｅｎｌｉꎬＱＵＪｉａｎｊｕｎꎬＮＩＵＱｉｎｇｈｅꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｃｏｍｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎａｌｆｌｕｉｄｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｅｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｉｔｙｄｅｓｉｇｎｓｏｎｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｏｆａｄｏｗｎｗｉｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｈｅｒｉｔａｇｅｓｉｔｅ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＡｒｉｄＬａｎｄꎬ２０１４ꎬ６(１):６９￣７９.[１７]㊀李磊ꎬ张立杰ꎬ张宁ꎬ等.ＦＬＵＥＮＴ在复杂地形风场精细模拟中的应用研究[Ｊ].高原气象ꎬ２０１０ꎬ２９(３):６２１￣６２８.ＬＩＬｅｉꎬＺＨＡＮＧＬｉｊｉｅꎬＺＨＡＮＧＮｉｎｇꎬｅｔａｌ.ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＦＬＵＥＮＴｏｎｔｈｅｆｉｎｅ￣ｓｃａｌｅｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｆｉｅｌｄｏｖｅｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｔｅａｕＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙꎬ２０１０ꎬ２９(３):６２１￣６２８.[１８]㊀程雪玲ꎬ胡非ꎬ曾庆存.复杂地形风场的精细数值模拟[Ｊ].气候与环境研究ꎬ２０１５ꎬ２０(１):１￣１０.ＣＨＥＮＧＸｕｅｌｉｎｇꎬＨＵＦｅｉꎬＺＥＮＧＱｉｎｇｃｕｎ.Ｒｅｆｉｎｅｄｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｆｌｏｗｆｉｅｌｄ[Ｊ].ＣｌｉｍａｔｉｃａｎｄＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈꎬ２０１５ꎬ２０(１):１￣１０.[１９]㊀马敏劲ꎬ郭世奇ꎬ王式功.近１１年兰州空气污染特征及其边界层结构影响的分析[Ｊ].兰州大学学报(自然科学版)ꎬ２０１２ꎬ４８(６):６９￣７３.ＭＡＭｉｎｊｉｎꎬＧＵＯＳｈｉｑｉꎬＷＡＮＧＳｈｉｇｏｎｇ.Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｔｓｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｌａｙｅｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔ１１ｙｅａｒｓｏｖｅｒＬａｎｚｈｏｕ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＬａｎｚｈｏｕＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ(ＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ)ꎬ２０１２ꎬ４８(６):６９￣７３.[２０]㊀ＤＪＡＦＦＡＲＡＡＹꎬＧＵＩＤＯＢꎬＷＡＧＤＩＧＨꎬｅｔａｌ.Ａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍｅｓｈａｄａｐｔａｔｉｏｎ:ｔｏｗａｒｄｓｕｓｅｒ￣ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔꎬｍｅｓｈ￣ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔａｎｄｓｏｌｖｅｒ￣ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＣＦＤ.ＰａｒｔＩＩ:ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｄｇｒｉｄｓ[Ｊ].ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＪｏｕｒｎａｌｆｏｒＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＭｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｎＦｌｕｉｄｓꎬ２００２ꎬ３９(８):７２５￣７４４. [２１]㊀ＬＵＢｏｎａꎬＷＡＮＧＷｅｉꎬＬＩＪｉｎｇｈａｉ.Ｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｇｆｏｒａｍｅｓｈ￣ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｕｂ￣ｇｒｉｄｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒＣＦＤｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇａｓ￣ｓｏｌｉｄｒｉｓｅｒｆｌｏｗｓ[Ｊ].ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＳｃｉｅｎｃｅꎬ２００９ꎬ６４(１５):３４３７￣３４４７.[２２]㊀崔桂香ꎬ张兆顺ꎬ许春晓ꎬ等.城市大气环境的大涡模拟研究进展[Ｊ].力学进展ꎬ２０１３ꎬ４３(３):２９５￣３２８.ＣＵＩＧｕｉｘｉａｎｇꎬＺＨＡＮＧＺｈａｏｓｈｕｎꎬＸＵＣｈｕｎｘｉａｏꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｕｒｂａｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ[Ｊ].ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓꎬ２０１３ꎬ４３(３):２９５￣３２８. [２３]㊀彭杰纲ꎬ傅新ꎬ陈鹰.旋进旋涡流量计旋涡进动效应的数值模拟研究[Ｊ].中国机械工程ꎬ２００５ꎬ１６(５):４０２￣４０６.ＰＥＮＧＪｉｅｇａｎｇꎬＦＵＸｉｎꎬＣＨＥＮＹｉｎｇ.Ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｖｏｒｔｅｘｐｒｅｃｅｓｓｉｏｎｉｎｓｗｉｒｌｍｅｔｅｒ[Ｊ].ＣｈｉｎａＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇꎬ２００５ꎬ１６(５):４０２￣４０６.[２４]㊀ＹＯＳＨＩＺＡＷＡＡꎬＴＳＵＢＯＫＵＲＡＭꎬＫＯＢＡＹＡＳＨＩＴꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｕｂｇｒｉｄ￣ｓｃａｌｅｖｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙｉｎｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ[Ｊ].ＰｈｙｓｉｃｓｏｆＦｌｕｉｄｓꎬ１９９６ꎬ８(８):２２５４￣２２５６.[２５]㊀ＨＯＬＭＥＮＪꎬＨＵＧＨＥＳＴＪＲꎬＯＢＥＲＡＩＡＡꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｃａｌｅｐａｒｔｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎａｌｍｕｌｔｉｓｃａｌｅｌａｒｇｅ￣ｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｈａｎｎｅｌｆｌｏｗ[Ｊ].ＰｈｙｓｉｃｓｏｆＦｌｕｉｄｓꎬ２００４ꎬ１６(３):８２４￣８２７. [２６]㊀ＨＵＧＨＥＳＴＪＲꎬＭＡＺＺＥＩＬꎬＯＢＥＲＡＩＡＡꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｔｈｅｍｕｌｔｉｓｃａｌｅｆｏｒｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌａｒｇｅｅｄｄｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ:ｄｅｃａｙｏｆｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｃｅ[Ｊ].ＰｈｙｓｉｃｓｏｆＦｌｕｉｄｓꎬ２００１ꎬ１３(２):５０５￣５１２. [２７]㊀ＡＢＤＩＤＳꎬＢＩＴＳＵＡＭＬＡＫＧＴ.Ｗｉｎｄｆｌｏｗｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｉｄｅａｌｉｚｅｄａｎｄｒｅａｌｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎｕｓｉｎｇｖａｒｉｏｕｓｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｃｅｍｏｄｅｌｓ[Ｊ].ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇＳｏｆｔｗａｒｅꎬ２０１４ꎬ７５:３０￣４１.[２８]㊀ＺＨＡＯＳｕｐｉｎｇꎬＹＵＹｅꎬＹＩＮＤａｉｙｉｎｇꎬｅｔａｌ.ＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎａｎｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｅｒｒａｉｎꎬｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈꎬ２０１５ꎬ１６４:３０４￣３１７.[２９]㊀ＺＨＡＯＳｈｕｙｕꎬＴＩＥＸｕｅｘｉꎬＣＡＯＪｕｎｊｉꎬｅｔａｌ.ＩｍｐａｃｔｓｏｆｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓｏｎｂｌａｃｋｃａｒｂｏｎａｅｒｏｓｏｌｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｓｙｎｏｐｔｉｃｍｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅＧｕａｎｚｈｏｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎꎬＣｈｉｎａ[Ｊ].ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈꎬ２０１５ꎬ１６４:２８６￣２９６.[３０]㊀刘敏ꎬ孙杰ꎬ杨宏青ꎬ等.湖北省不同地形条件下风随高度变化研究[Ｊ].气象ꎬ２０１０ꎬ３６(４):６３￣６７.ＬＩＵＭｉｎꎬＳＵＮＪｉｅꎬＹＡＮＧＨｏｎｇｑｉｎｇꎬｅｔａｌ.ＴｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｗｉｎｄｓｐｅｅｄｃｈａｎｇｅｗｉｔｈｈｅｉｇｈｔｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｅｒｒａｉｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＨｕｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ[Ｊ].ＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＭｏｎｔｈｌｙꎬ２０１０ꎬ３６(４):６３￣６７. [３１]㊀李江林ꎬ陈玉春ꎬ吕世华ꎬ等.利用ＲＡＭＳ模式对山谷城市冬季局地风场的数值模拟[Ｊ].高原气象ꎬ２００９ꎬ２８(６):１２５０￣１２５９.ＬＩＪｉａｎｇｌｉｎꎬＣＨＥＮＹｕｃｈｕｎꎬＬＶＳｈｉｈｕａꎬｅｔａｌ.ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｏｃａｌｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｖａｌｌｅｙｃｉｔｙｉｎｗｉｎｔｅｒｕｓｉｎｇＲＡＭＳｍｏｄｅｌ[Ｊ].ＰｌａｔｅａｕＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙꎬ２００９ꎬ２８(６):１２５０￣１２５９.[３２]㊀ＮＹＬＥＮＴＨꎬＦＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＡＧꎬＤＯＲＡＮＰＴ.ＣｌｉｍａｔｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｋａｔａｂａｔｉｃｗｉｎｄｓｉｎｔｈｅＭｃＭｕｒｄｏｄｒｙｖａｌｌｅｙｓꎬｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＶｉｃｔｏｒｉａＬａｎｄꎬＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈ:Ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｓꎬ２００４ꎬ１０９(Ｄ３):３２３￣３５０.[３３]㊀ＬＥＴＺＥＬＭＯꎬＨＥＬＭＫＥＣꎬＮＧＥꎬｅｔａｌ.ＬＥＳｃａｓｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｐｅｄｅｓｔｒｉａｎｌｅｖｅｌｖｅｎｔｉｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｗｏｎｅｉｇｈｂｏｕｒｈｏｏｄｓｉｎＨｏｎｇＫｏｎｇ[Ｊ].ＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｓｃｈｅＺｅｉｔｓｃｈｒｉｆｔꎬ２０１２ꎬ２１(６):５７５￣５８９. [３４]㊀ＺＨＡＮＧＪｉｅꎬＬＯＮＧＺｈｅｎｇｗｅｉꎬＬＩＵＷｅｉꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙｆｏｒｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｖｅｎｔｉｌａｔｉｏｎｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｉｎｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓ[Ｊ].ＡｅｒｏｓｏｌａｎｄＡｉｒＱｕａｌｉｔｙＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈꎬ２０１６ꎬ１６(２):４４２￣４５２.(责任编辑:周巧富)６５４。
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感谢您购买和使用格兰仕空调使用前请仔细阅读本使用安装说明书，并妥善保存顺德市格兰仕空调电器有限公司使用安装说明书KF-20GW/A1 KFR-20GW/A1 KFR-20GW/dA10G 0G 0G 25252525G 25G 25G 26262626G 26G 26G KF-2GW/ 1 KFR-2GW/ 1 KFR-2GW/d 1KF-23GW/A1 KFR-23GW/A1 KFR-23GW/dA1KF-23GW/G1 KFR-23GW/G1 KFR-23GW/dG1KF-GW/A1 KFR-GW/A1 KFR-GW/dA1KF-GW/ 1 KFR-GW/ 1 KFR-GW/d 1KF-GW/A1 KFR-GW/A1 KFR-GW/dA1KF-GW/ 1 KFR-GW/ 1 KFR-GW/d 1获取更信搜索蓝领星球目 录 (1)使用注意事项...............................................2空调各部分名称.............................................3空调的使用说明.............................................4故障现象与分析.............................................6性能参数表.................................................7安装说明 (8)目 录获取更多资料微信搜索蓝领星球使用注意事项使用空调器时,务必请仔细阅读此使用注意事项,并请在空调器的使用过程中遵守;否则可能会给空调器造成损害或危及您或他人的人身、财产安全。
使用前，检查地线是否可靠连接，空气过滤网是否安装好，室内机和室外机进风口或出风口是否阻塞。
空调器所用的线路容量必须足够，并连接有合适的漏电断路器、保险丝。
Leviton Wireless Decora 0-10V Room Controller with
Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Lighting & Controls10385 SW Avery Street, Tualatin, OR 97062 tel 800-736-6682 tech line (6:00AM-4:00PM PT Mon-Fri) 800-959-6004 ©2022 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.DescriptionWireless Decora ® 0-10V Room Controller with 5A Relay (DL057) is the primary user interface combining both familiar toggle ON/OFF control, dimming control and energy management business logic into line voltage-powered wireless controldevices. Requires use with Lumina™ RF Keypad Room Controller or GreenMAX ® DRC Wireless Keypad Room Controller.The DL057 works with compatible wireless devices to create an advanced intelligent lighting system. The DL057 alsoprovides the primary interface between the smartphone/tablet commissioning and control device. The DL057 manages a room by coordinating activities of all wireless devices within thespace and can be used to control loads up to 5A.Wireless Decora ® 0-10V Dimmer Room Controller with 5A RelayApplications• Bluetooth interface for connection to any Android or iOS devices with Bluetooth 4.0 with BLE • Configuration • Control• Status monitoring • Every node is a repeater • Line voltage powered • LED status indicators • Decora aesthetic• Complies with IEEE 80.15.4 standards—for domestic and international wireless networks• Can be used to meet energy code requirements forIECC, ASHRAE 90.1 and 2019 Title 24, Part 6 space/area control, dimming, manual-ON/OFF, occupancy control and automatic shutoff requirementsDimensions DiagramWiring Diagram*Depending on manufacture date, pink wire may be grayUser InterfaceSpecificationsLES-G-10377B/H22-aaREV AUG 2022Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. Lighting & Controls10385 SW Avery Street, Tualatin, OR 97062 tel 800-736-6682 tech line (6:00AM-4:00PM PT Mon-Fri) 800-959-6004 ©2022 Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Subject to change without notice.。
紧固件优先选用系列
六角头螺栓全螺纹GB/T5783-2000 ( eqvlSO4017、DIN933、NF E24-017)储能焊用焊接螺柱GB/T902.3-佃89十字槽盘头螺钉GB/T818-2000 ( eqv ISO7045，DIN7985，NF E25-121)d D1 L D2 ① M8 36 16 20 20 M10 44 20 24 24 M12 52 22 28 28 M16 62 28 34 34 M20 72 35 40 40 M30104 45 56 56 M48171709595十字槽沉头螺钉 (钢 4.8 级)GB/T819.1-2000( eqv ISO7046-1，DIN965，NF E25-119)规格 长度1产品等级材料性能等级附 注M36，8，10，12，16，25，30，(40)A钢4.8M4 6，8，10，12，16，20，30， 35M5 8， 12， 16， 20， 25， 30， 40M6 8， 12， 16， 20， 25， 30， 35， 40， 50， 60M810， 16， 25， 40， 50， 60M10 12， 20， 30， 40， 60 ()中为非通用规格十字槽沉头螺钉(第 2 部分)GB/T819.2-1997( eqv ISO7046-2，DIN965，NF E25-119)规格 长度1产品等级材料 性能等级 附 注 M36，8，10，12 ，16， 25， 30，A钢 8.8 有色金属选用不锈钢A2-70CU2、CU3M48， 10， 12， 16， 20， 25， A 钢 8.830不锈钢A2-70M510， 16， 20， 25， 30， 40，A 钢 8.850不锈钢 A2-70M610， 16， 20， 30， 40， 50，A 钢 8.860不锈钢 A2-70M812， 16， 20， 25， 30， 45，A钢 8.860不锈钢A2-70M1012， 20， 30， 40，60A钢 8.8不锈钢A2-70()中为非通用规格吊环螺钉 GB/T825-佃88十字槽半沉头螺钉GB/T820-2000 ( eqv ISO7047 , DIN966，NF E25-120)内六角圆柱头螺钉GB/T70.1-2000 (eqv ISO4762，DIN912，NF E25-125)内六角沉头螺钉GB/T70.3-2000 ( eqv ISO10642，DIN7791，NF E27-160)内六角平端紧定螺钉 花形螺钉开槽平端紧定螺钉GB/T73-1985GB/T77-2000（ eqv ISO4026，DIN913，NF E27-180）1 型六角螺母GB/T6170-2000 ( eqv ISO4032，DIN934)方螺母C级GB/T39-佃88蝶形螺母GB/T62-1988焊接方螺母GB/T13680-佃92焊接六角螺母GB/T13681-佃92平头铆螺母GB/T17880.1-佃99沉头铆螺母GB/T仃880.2-佃99小沉头铆螺母GB/T仃880.3-佃99120°小沉头铆螺母GB/T仃880.4-佃99大垫圈-A 和C 级GB/T96-佃85 六角薄螺母 GB/T6172.1-2000( eqv ISO4035 , DIN439，NF E24-035)标准型弹簧垫圈 GB/T93-1987A 级 ( eqv ISO7089，DIN125A )(eqv ISO7093，DIN9021)封闭型沉头抽芯铆钉GB/T12616-佃90GB/T12618-佃90开口型扁圆头抽芯铆钉各类铆钉开口销GB/T91-2000 （eqv ISO1234，DIN94，NF E27-487）（eqv ISO2339，DIN1，NF E22-339）圆柱销（不淬硬钢和奥氏体不锈钢）GB/T119.1-2000 （eqv ISO2338，DIN7，NF E22-338）（淬硬钢和马氏体不锈钢）（eqv ISO8734 ,DIN6325 ,NF E28-734）弹性圆柱销（卷制标准型）GB/T879.4-2000 （eqv ISO8750，DIN7343，NF E28-750）夹紧挡圈GB/T960-佃86十字槽沉头自攻螺钉 十字槽半沉头自攻螺钉轴用弹性挡圈（A 型） GB/T894.1-佃86（ eqv ISO7049，DIN7981，NF E7049）GB/T846-1985 ( eqv ISO7050，DIN7982，NF E7050) GB/T847-1985 ( eqv ISO7051，DIN7983，NF E7051)GB/T99-佃86GB/T100-佃86GB/T950-佃86。
ABB IP H81381P-。 IP pushbutton outdoor station 产品说
2TMD041800D0010│ 14.04.2021Product manualABB-Welcome IPH81381P.-. IP pushbutton outdoor station1Notes on the instruction manual (4)2Safety (4)3Intended use (5)4Environment (6)4.1ABB devices (6)5Product description (7)5.1Device type (7)5.2Control elements (8)5.3Terminal description (9)5.4Lock type and connection (10)6Technical data (11)7Mounting/Installation (12)7.1Requirement for the electrician (12)7.2Mounting (13)7.2.1Preparation (13)7.2.2Installation height (13)7.2.3Surface-mounted installation (15)7.2.4Flush-mounted installation (16)7.2.5Cavity wall installation (18)7.2.6Dismantling (19)7.2.7Replacing the nameplate (19)8Commissioning (20)9Operation (22)9.1Calling a resident (22)9.2Calling a guard unit (23)9.3Turn on a light (24)10Cyber security (25)10.1Disclaimer (25)10.2Performance and service (25)10.3Deployment guideline (26)10.4Upgrading (26)10.5Backup/Restore (26)10.6Malware prevention solution (26)10.7Password rule (26)11Notice (27)Notes on the instruction manual 1Notes on the instruction manualPlease read through this manual carefully and observe the information it contains. This willassist you in preventing injuries and damage to property and ensure both reliable operation anda long service life for the device.Please keep this manual in a safe place. If you pass the device on, also pass on this manualalong with it. ABB accepts no liability for any failure to observe the instructions in this manual.2SafetyWarningElectric voltage!Dangerous currents flow through the body when coming into direct or indirectcontact with live components.This can result in electric shock, burns or even death.– Disconnect the mains power supply prior to installation and/or disassembly!– Permit work on the 100-240 V supply system to be performed only byspecialist staff!Intended use 3Intended useAs part of the ABB-Welcome IP system, this device can only be used with accessories from thatsystem.Security modeThis outdoor station runs in "Security mode" by default to guarantee high security.In "Security mode", this outdoor station requires a certificate issued by the managementsoftware before it can function normally.Compatible modeIf there is no management software, this outdoor station needs to run in "Compatible mode" tofunction normally. This can be set on the indoor station. Please refer to the product manual for .IP touch 7".Video privacyVideo privacyMaking and saving video recordings can infringe on personal rights! Alwaysobserve the applicable legal and labeling requirements for the placement andoperation of video components!Environment 4EnvironmentConsider the protection of the environment!Used electric and electronic devices must not be disposed of with householdwaste.– The device contains valuable raw materials that can be recycled. Therefore,dispose of the device at the appropriate collecting facility.4.1ABB devicesAll packaging materials and devices from ABB bear the markings and test seals for properdisposal. Always dispose of the packing materials and electric devices and their components viaan authorized collection facility or disposal company.ABB products meet the legal requirements, in particular the laws governing electronic andelectrical devices and the REACH ordinance.(EU-Directive 2012/19/EU WEEE and 2011/65/EU RoHS)(EU-REACH ordinance and law for the implementation of the ordinance (EG) No.1907/2006)5Product description 5.1Device typeArticle number Product ID Product name ColourSize (HxWxD)Unit: mmH81381P1-S 2TMA130010X0001OS, IPpush, 1 gang Stainlesssteel135 x 277 x 29 H81381P2-S 2TMA130010X0002OS, IPpush, 2 gang Stainlesssteel135 x 277 x 29H81381P3-S 2TMA130010X0003OS, IPpush, 3 gang Stainlesssteel135 x 277 x 295.2Control elementsNo.Function1Camera2Speaker and microphone integration3Round pushbutton4End strip5.3Terminal descriptionNo.Function1Reset button2Micro USB update connector3Plug-in clamps (DC+...GND) for standalone power supply4Plug-in clamps (LOCK...GND) for door opener5Plug-in clamps (COM...NC...NO) for floating output, door opener6LAN (PoE)7Connector for next module8Connector for exit button9Connector for the sensor used for door status detection10Connector for 5" display module11Connector for previous module5.4Lock type and connectionLock type PicOperation type VoltageWiring typeElectrical strikelock, 12V Power on to open12 V ⎓/~Type A/BElectrical strike lock, 24V Power on to open24 V ⎓/~Type BElectrical rim lock, 12 VPower on to open12 V ⎓Type A/BElectrical mortise lockPower off to open12 V ⎓Type CMagnetic lock Power off to open12/24 V ⎓Type CTechnical data 6Technical dataDesignation ValueRating voltage24 V DCOperating voltage range20-27 V DCRating current 27 V DC, 300 mA 24 V DC, 330 mAOperating temperature-40 °C…+55 °CProduct dimensions135mm x 276.9 mm × 17.6 mm Camera type CMOSCamera viewing angle130°Resolution ratio HD (1280 x 720 pixel)Power supply for door opener18 V, 4 A impulse, max. 250 mA holdingFloating output for door opener 230 V AC, 3 A 30 V DC, 3 AVideo codec H.264Audio codec G.711IP level IP 54IK level IK 07Network connection standard IEEE 802.3, 10Base-T/100Base-TX, auto MDI/MDI-X7Mounting/InstallationWarningElectric voltage!Dangerous currents flow through the body when coming into direct or indirectcontact with live components.This can result in electric shock, burns or even death.– Disconnect the mains power supply prior to installation and/or disassembly!– Permit work on the 100-240 V supply system to be performed only byspecialist staff!7.1Requirement for the electricianWarningElectric voltage!Install the device only if you have the necessary electrical engineeringknowledge and experience.– Incorrect installation endangers your life and that of the user of the electricalsystem.– Incorrect installation can cause serious damage to property, e.g. due to fire.The minimum necessary expert knowledge and requirements for the installationare as follows:– Apply the "five safety rules" (DIN VDE 0105, EN 50110):1. Disconnect2. Secure against being re-connected3. Ensure there is no voltage4. Connect to earth and short-circuit5. Cover or barricade adjacent live parts.– Use suitable personal protective clothing.– Use only suitable tools and measuring devices.– Check the type of supply network (TN system, IT system, TT system) tosecure the following power supply conditions (classic connection to ground,protective grounding, necessary additional measures, etc.).7.2Mounting7.2.1 PreparationUse gloves to protect yourself against cuts.7.2.2 Installation heightNoteThe following installation situations must be avoided without fail to ensure picture quality:■Direct light■Direct sunlight■Extremely bright picture background■Highly reflective walls on the opposite side of the door station7.2.3 Surface-mounted installation7.2.4 Flush-mounted installation1. Flush-mounted without pre-installation box2. Flush-mounted with pre-installation box7.2.5 Cavity wall installation7.2.6 Dismantling7.2.7Commissioning 8CommissioningThe outdoor station must be configured via the indoor station.Step1: Outdoor station enters engineering mode■Power on the outdoor station, wait a while until all 3 LED indicators go out.■Hold the first button on the outdoor station for 10 s until all 3 LED indicators start to flash.TipThe outdoor station will quit engineering mode after 5 minutes.Step 2: Indoor station enters engineering modeOn the extra screen on the indoor station, click "System" to enter the settings screen.Commissioning On the "System settings" screen, click "Engineering settings", enter the engineering password (default is 345678) to enter the settings page.Step3: Indoor station configures outdoor stationOn the "Engineering settings" screen, click "Outdoor station settings" to configure the outdoor station.Please refer to the product manual for the IP touch 7".9Operation9.1Calling a residentPress the button to start a call (default) and press again to restart the call.9.2Calling a guard unitIf the outdoor station has been configured via the indoor station, we can press the pushbutton to call the designated guard unit. Please refer to the product manual for the IP touch.9.3Turn on a lightIf the outdoor station is configured by the indoor station, we can press the pushbutton to switch on the light connected to the IP actuator. Please refer to the product manual for the IP touch.10 Cyber security10.1DisclaimerH81381P.-. products are designed to be connected and to communicate information and datavia a network interface, which should be connected to a secure network. It is customer‘s soleresponsibility to provide and continuously ensure a secure connection between the product and customer‘s network or any other network (as the case may be) and to establish and maintainappropriate measures (such as but not limited to the installation of firewalls, application ofauthentication measures, encryption of data, installation of antivirus programs, etc.) to protectthe H81381P.-. product, the network, its system and interfaces against any kind of securitybreaches, unauthorized access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or theft of data orinformation. ABB and its affiliates are not liable for damages and/or losses related to suchsecurity breaches, unauthorized access, interference, intrusion, leakage and/or theft of data orinformation.Although ABB provides functionality testing on the products and updates that we release, youshould institute your own testing program for any product updates or other major systemupdates (to include but not limited to code changes, configuration file changes, third partysoftware updates or patches, hardware change out, etc.) to ensure that the security measuresthat you have implemented have not been compromised and system functionality in yourenvironment is as expected.10.2Performance and serviceNetwork performanceType ValueEthernet24 Mbps (37,449 packets/sec)ARP12 Mbps (18,724 packets/sec)ICMP22 Mbps (34,328 packets/sec)IP22 Mbps (34,328 packets/sec)Port and servicePort Service Purpose5070UDP To be used by SIP client.7777TCP/UDP To be used for device management.10777TLS Secure channel for device management7005TCP To be used for connectivity detection when this feature is enabled.8887TCP To be used for firmware update.10.3Deployment guidelineAll devices need to work in security mode by default and. all devices in one system shall besigned by a public CA at commissioning stage, normally management software works as CA.It’s suggested that compatible mode only to be used when device needs to communicate with previous generation products. In this mode, data transmission between devices are notencrypted, it may lead to data leaks and has the risk of being attacked.When user decide to remove the device from system, user shall reset the device to factorysetting in order to remove all the configuration data and sensitive data in the device. This willprevent sensitive data leak.It is recommended to apply "MAC filter" and "Rate limiter“ in the switch to prevent DOS attack.10.4UpgradingDevice supports firmware updates via management software, a signature file will be used toverify the authentication and integrity of firmware.10.5Backup/RestoreNone.10.6Malware prevention solutionThe H81381P.-. device is not susceptible to malware, because custom code cannot beexecuted on the system. The only way to update the software is by firmware upgrades. Onlyfirmware signed by ABB can be accepted.10.7Password ruleThe user must change the engineering password when accessing the engineering settings for the first time. This engineering password must not include continuously increasing ordecreasing numbers (e.g. 123456, 654321), and three consecutive identical numbers aresimilarly not permitted (e.g. 123444, 666888).Notice 11 NoticeWe reserve the right to at all times make technical changes as well as changes to the contentsof this document without prior notice.The detailed specifications agreed to at the time of ordering apply to all orders. ABB accepts noresponsibility for possible errors or incompleteness in this document.We reserve all rights to this document and the topics and illustrations contained therein. Thedocument and its contents, or excerpts thereof, must not be reproduced, transmitted or reusedby third parties without prior written consent by ABB.Contact usNoticeWe reserve the right to at all times make technical changes as well as changes to the contents of this document without prior notice.The detailed specifications agreed upon apply for orders. ABB accepts no responsibility for possible errors or incompleteness in this document.We reserve all rights to this document and the topics andillustrations contained therein. The document and its contents, or extracts thereof, must not bereproduced, transmitted or reused by third parties without prior written consent by ABB.ABB Xiamen Smart Technology Co., Ltd.No.7, Fangshan South Road, Hi-tech area, Torch park, Xiang An District, Xiamen, China Tel: +86 592 295 9000Fax: +86 592 562 Approvals and CompliancesCopyright © 2021 ABB All rights reserved。
艾顿 Moeller 系列快速连接 DOL 启动器 198525 技术参数说明书
Eaton 198525Eaton Moeller® series Rapid Link - DOL starter, 6.6 A, Sensor input 2, 400/480 V AC, AS-Interface®, S-7.A.E. for 62 modules, HAN Q5General specificationsEaton Moeller® series Rapid Link DOL starter198525RAMO5-D204A32-5120S14015081964000120 mm 270 mm 220 mm 1.63 kgRoHS CE CCC UL 60947-4-2 UL approval IEC/EN 60947-4-2Assigned motor rating: for normal internally and externally ventilated 4 pole, three-phase asynchronous motors with 1500 rpm at 50 Hz or 1800 min at 60 HzProduct NameCatalog NumberModel CodeEANProduct Length/Depth Product Height Product Width Product Weight Certifications Catalog NotesIs the panel builder's responsibility. The specifications for the switchgear must be observed.3 kW6.6 A (at 150 % Overload)400 V AC, 3-phase480 V AC, 3-phase65000 A0 VMeets the product standard's requirements.Is the panel builder's responsibility. The specifications for the switchgear must be observed.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.0 kW2.238 kWMeets the product standard's requirements.0 V-40 °CTwo sensor inputs through M12 sockets (max. 150 mA) for quick stop and interlocked manual operationElectronic motor protectionShort-circuit release Generation Change RASP4 to RASP5Generation change from RA-SP to RASP 4.0Configuration to Rockwell PLC for Rapid LinkConnecting drives to generator suppliesElectromagnetic compatibility (EMC)Generation change from RA-MO to RAMO 4.0Generation Change RA-SP to RASP5Generation change RAMO4 to RAMO5Rapid Link 5 - brochureDA-SW-USB Driver DX-COM-STICK3-KITDA-SW-drivesConnect USB Driver DX-COM-PCKITDA-SW-drivesConnectDA-SW-Driver DX-CBL-PC-3M0DA-SW-USB Driver PC Cable DX-CBL-PC-1M5DA-SW-drivesConnect - InstallationshilfeDA-SW-drivesConnect - installation helpMaterial handling applications - airports, warehouses and intra-logisticsProduct Range Catalog Drives EngineeringProduct Range Catalog Drives Engineering-ENDA-DC-00004525.pdfDA-DC-00004184.pdfDA-DC-00004523.pdfDA-DC-00003964.pdfeaton-bus-adapter-rapidlink-speed-controller-dimensions-002.eps eaton-bus-adapter-rapidlink-speed-controller-dimensions-003.eps eaton-bus-adapter-rapidlink-reversing-starter-dimensions.epseaton-bus-adapter-rapidlink-reversing-starter-dimensions-002.eps ETN.RAMO5-D204A32-5120S1.edzIL034084ZU10.11 Short-circuit ratingRated operational power at AC-3, 380/400 V, 50 HzInput currentRated operational voltageRated conditional short-circuit current, type 1, 480 Y/277 V Rated control supply voltage (Us) at AC, 50 Hz - min10.4 Clearances and creepage distances10.12 Electromagnetic compatibility10.2.5 LiftingRated power at 575 V, 60 Hz, 3-phaseRated power at 460 V, 60 Hz, 3-phase10.2.3.1 Verification of thermal stability of enclosures Rated control supply voltage (Us) at DC - minAmbient storage temperature - minFitted with:Application notes BrochuresCatalogs Certification reports DrawingseCAD model Installation instructionsKey switch position OFF/RESETThermo-clickKey switch position HANDThermistor monitoring PTCKey switch position AUTOAC-53a0 VAC voltagePhase-earthed AC supply systems are not permitted.Center-point earthed star network (TN-S network)Is the panel builder's responsibility.Class 10 A10 kA400/480 V AC -15 % / +10 %, Actuator for external motor brake 55 °C0 kW< 95 %, no condensationIn accordance with IEC/EN 50178Parameterization: KeypadDiagnostics and reset on device and via AS-Interface Parameterization: drivesConnectParameterization: FieldbusParameterization: drivesConnect mobile (App)10,000,000 Operations (at AC-3)Rapid Link 5MN034004EN MN040003_ENramo5_v1.dwg ramo5_v1.stpOverload cycleNumber of pilot lightsRated control supply voltage (Us) at AC, 50 Hz - max System configuration type10.8 Connections for external conductorsCoordination class (IEC 60947-4-3)Rated conditional short-circuit current, type 1, 600 Y/347 V Rated conditional short-circuit current (Iq)Braking voltageAmbient operating temperature - maxRated operational power at AC-3, 220/230 V, 50 Hz Climatic proofingFeaturesLifespan, electrical Installation videos Manuals and user guides mCAD modelNumber of command positions1Electrical connection type of main circuitPlug-in connectionElectrical connection type for auxiliary- and control-current circuit Plug-in connectionRated control supply voltage (Us) at DC - max0 V10.9.3 Impulse withstand voltageIs the panel builder's responsibility.Braking current≤ 0.6 A (max. 6 A for 120 ms), Actuator for external motor brakeAmbient operating temperature - min-10 °C10.6 Incorporation of switching devices and componentsDoes not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Current limitation0.3 - 6.6 A, motor, main circuitAdjustable, motor, main circuitCable length10 m, Radio interference level, maximum motor cable length10.5 Protection against electric shockDoes not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Mounting positionVerticalMains switch-on frequencyMaximum of one time every 60 secondsClassCLASS 10 A10.13 Mechanical functionThe device meets the requirements, provided the information in the instruction leaflet (IL) is observed.10.2.6 Mechanical impactDoes not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.10.9.4 Testing of enclosures made of insulating materialIs the panel builder's responsibility.10.3 Degree of protection of assembliesDoes not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Electromagnetic compatibilityClass AVoltage typeDCProduct categoryMotor starterOverload release current setting - min0.3 ARated control voltage (Uc)24 V DC (-15 %/+20 %, external via AS-Interface® plug)400/480 V AC (external brake 50/60 Hz)Rated operational current (Ie)6.6 AAssigned motor power at 460/480 V, 60 Hz, 3-phase3 HPRated frequency - min47 HzNumber of auxiliary contacts (normally closed contacts)Rated conditional short-circuit current (Iq), type 2, 380 V, 400 V, 415 V0 APower consumption8 W10.2.3.2 Verification of resistance of insulating materials to normal heatMeets the product standard's requirements.10.2.3.3 Resist. of insul. mat. to abnormal heat/fire by internal elect. effectsMeets the product standard's requirements.On-delay20 - 35 msLifespan, mechanical10,000,000 Operations (at AC-3)Rated operational current (Ie) at 150% overload6.6 AProtocolAS-Interface profile cable: S-7.4 for 62 modulesASIOverload release current setting - max6.6 A10.9.2 Power-frequency electric strengthIs the panel builder's responsibility.Overvoltage categoryIIIDegree of protectionIP65NEMA 12Rated frequency - max63 HzVibrationResistance: According to IEC/EN 60068-2-6Resistance: 10 - 150 Hz, Oscillation frequency Resistance: 6 Hz, Amplitude 0.15 mmResistance: 57 Hz, Amplitude transition frequency on accelerationRated operational power at 380/400 V, 50 Hz - max3 kWAmbient storage temperature - max70 °CShort-circuit protection (external output circuits)Type 1 coordination via the power bus' feeder unit, Main circuitRated control supply voltage (Us) at AC, 60 Hz - min0 V10.7 Internal electrical circuits and connectionsIs the panel builder's responsibility.Rated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp)4000 VConnectionConnections pluggable in power sectionOff-delay20 - 35 ms10.10 Temperature riseThe panel builder is responsible for the temperature rise calculation. Eaton will provide heat dissipation data for the devices.FunctionsExternal reset possibleFor actuation of motors with mechanical brakeTemperature compensated overload protectionOutput frequency50/60 HzMains voltage tolerance380 - 480 V (-15 %/+10 %, at 50/60 Hz)Rated conditional short-circuit current (Iq), type 2, 230 V0 AInterfacesSpecification: S-7.A.E. (AS-Interface®)Max. total power consumption from AS-Interface® power supply unit (30 V): 190 mANumber of slave addresses: 62 (AS-Interface®)TypeDOL starter10.2.2 Corrosion resistanceMeets the product standard's requirements.Supply frequency50/60 Hz, fLN, Main circuit10.2.4 Resistance to ultra-violet (UV) radiationMeets the product standard's requirements.10.2.7 InscriptionsMeets the product standard's requirements.Rated control supply voltage (Us) at AC, 60 Hz - max0 VRated operational current (Ie) at AC-3, 380 V, 400 V, 415 V6.6 ARated operational power at 380/400 V, 50 Hz - min0.09 kWModelDirect starterNumber of auxiliary contacts (normally open contacts)Eaton Corporation plc Eaton House30 Pembroke Road Dublin 4, Ireland © 2023 Eaton. All Rights Reserved. Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks areproperty of their respectiveowners./socialmedia15 g, Mechanical, According to IEC/EN 60068-2-27, 11 ms, Half-sinusoidal shock 11 ms, 1000 shocks per shaft Above 1000 m with 1 % performance reduction per 100 m Max. 2000 m Max. 1000 mShock resistanceAltitude。
电台日常管理 PSC检查
一.电台日常管理1．我国主管部门分配给海岸电台的呼号是____。
A. BAA～BZZ B XSA～XSZ C.3HA～3UZ D.AAA～AZZ2____。
A BAA～BZZ B.XSA～XSZ C.3HA～3UZ D.AAA～AZZ 3．.通导设备核定表以及我国自发的内部学习资料和有关文件外，还应具备____国际业务文件。
A．无线电规则和无线电信号书B．无线电定位和特别业务电台表C．海岸电台表或相应资料D以上都是4．.通导设备核定表以及我国自发的内部学习资料和有关文件外，还应县备除____以外的国内业务文件。
A．水上无线电通信规则和船舶电台名录B．全国江.海岸电台名录C无线电规则和无线电信号书D．以上都是5____。
A．记录船舶通信设备的使用情况B．记录GMDSS设备试验状态C．为PSC检查做准备D A．B和C6．船舶电台应具备的有关工具书籍不包括____。
A．标准电码本B．国内汉语拼音局名簿C．英汉词典和新华字典D无线电规则和无线电信号书7线电电子员的船舶，由____负责保管，按规定定期核点清理，并列入移交。
A．船长B．大副C二副D．以上都可以8．国内各类电文，例如窄带直接印字电报.____。
A．3年 B.2年C l年D．长期保管9．国际各类电文，例如窄带直接印字电报.____。
A．3年B2年 C.l年D．长期保管10.应长期保管的文件是A．无线电通信日志B船舶电台通信导航设备管理登记簿和维修保养记录簿D．国际各类电文11.国际业务文件和资料短缺或已过期时，可以____。
A经请示船舶领导后可自行购买，不需请示公司自行购买C．二副直接购买D．经请示船舶领导及公司后可购买12.国内业务文件.资料和专用工具书短缺时，应____。
A．经请示船舶领导后可自行购买，不需请示公司B及时向本公司通导主管部门申请领取或经请示公司通导主管人员同意后在国内自行C．二副直接购买D．船长直接购买13．《无线电通信日志》由驾驶员或使用人员直接填写，当进行有关遇险.紧急.安全以及重大事件方面的通信时，应____。
凯立德2014最全最详细577个版本号说明及各版本与机型对照表
凯⽴德2014最全最详细577个版本号说明及各版本与机型对照表序号标识码版本号资源简介01 C0028 C0028-B7H02-3121J0H 路畅专版(D2280HA)MIPSC0028-B7H02-3121J0H02 C0030 C0030-D5J05-3121J0H 路畅MIPS⼆合⼀C0030-D5J05-3121J0H03 C0031 C0031-D5J05-3121J0H 路畅MIPS⼆合⼀C0031-D5J05-3121J0H04 C0268 C0268-D5J04-3121J0H 路特仕-凯越电⼦RTS-1622C0268-D5J04-3121J0H05 C0354 C0354-D5L01-3121J0H 科维-嘉铭仁普清C0354-D5L01-3121J0H06 C0581 C0581-C7F05-3121J0H MIPS架构C0581-C7F05-3121J0H07 C0686 C0686-D5J04-3121J0H 凯越路特仕C0686-D5J04-3121J0H08 C0722 C0722-A7H04-3121J0H 路特仕专版C0722-A7H04-3121J0H09 C0761 C0761-D5L01-3121J0H 科维-嘉铭仁普清C0761-D5L01-3121J0H10 C0762 C0762-D5L01-3121J0H 索雳-兴嘉林普清C0762-D5L01-3121J0H11 C0781 C0781-D5L01-3121J0H 科维-嘉铭仁普清C0781-D5L01-3121J0H12 C0803 C0803-D5L01-3121J0H 天派V8C0803-D5L01-3121J0H13 C0804 C0804-D5L01-3121J0H 天派V8C0804-D5L01-3121J0H14 C0811 C0811-D5L01-3121J0H 耀朋普清C0811-D5L01-3121J0H15 C0813 C0813-D5L01-3121J0H 科维-嘉铭仁普清C0813-D5L01-3121J0H16 C0824 C0824-D5L01-3121J0H 天派B8-SN2008(带AV菜单)C0824-D5L01-3121J0H17 C0825 C0825-D5L01-3121J0H 天派B8-SN2008(带AV菜单)C0825-D5L01-3121J0H18 C0851 C0851-D5L01-3121J0H 成德普清版C0851-D5L01-3121J0H19 C0871 C0871-D5L01-3121V0H ⽐亚迪F3专版C0871-D5L01-3121V0H20 C0897 C0897-D5L01-3121J0H 汇通数码普清C0897-D5L01-3121J0H21 C0907 C0907-D5L01-3121J0H 索雳-兴嘉林普清C0907-D5L01-3121J0H22 C0919 C0919-C7H01-3121J0H ⼆合⼀C0919-C7H01-3121J0H23 C0932 C0932-A7H04-3121J0H 路特仕专版C0932-A7H04-3121J0H24 C1008 C1008-C7H01-3121J0H C1008-C7H01-3121J0H25 C1019 C1019-C7H02-3121J0H 七合⼀C1019-C7H02-3121J0H26 C1042 C1042-D5L01-3121J0H 航盛普清C1042-D5L01-3121J0H27 C1043 C1043-C7H01-3121J0H 航盛多媒体7008C1043-C7H01-3121J0H28 C1049 C1049-D5L01-3121J0H 索雳普清C1049-D5L01-3121J0H29 C1069 C1069-C7H02-3121J0H 莹宝电⼦⾼清C1069-C7H02-3121J0H30 C1084 C1084-C7H01-3121J0H 新星光电⾼清C1084-C7H01-3121J0H31 C1103 C1103-D5L01-3121J0H 天派CNE-8213KC1103-D5L01-3121J0H32 C1108 C1108-C7F05-3121J0H 车乐FL3⾼清C1108-C7F05-3121J0H33 C1116 C1116-D5L01-3121J0H 尚扬科技版普清C1116-D5L01-3121J0H34 C1125 C1125-C7H02-3121J0H 航龙科技CRV6621C1125-C7H02-3121J0H35 C1136 C1136-M7H01-3121J0H 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C1409-C7H02-3121J0H71 C1411 C1411-C7H01-3121J0H 航盛三合C1411-C7H01-3121J0H72 C1412 C1412-C7H02-3121J0H 华阳专⽤程序C1412-C7H02-3121J0H73 C1413 C1413-C7H02-3121J0H C1413-C7H02-3121J0H74 C1419 C1419-C7H01-3121J0H 航辉电⼦BT-SBR2C1419-C7H01-3121J0H75 C1436 C1436-C7H02-3121J0H 霸王实业C1436-C7H02-3121J0H76 C1437 C1437-C7H01-3121J0H C1437-C7H01-3121J0H77 C1448 C1448-C7H01-3121J0H C1448-C7H01-3121J0H78 C1471 C1471-C7H01-3121J0H 耀朋C1471-C7H01-3121J0H79 C1499 C1499-C7H02-3121J0H 华阳CE66斯巴鲁4S店MIPSC1499-C7H02-3121J0H80 C1531 C1531-C7H02-3121J0H 好帮⼿D106专⽤C1531-C7H02-3121J0H81 C1534 C1534-C7H02-3121J0H 好帮⼿K137专版C1534-C7H02-3121J0H82 C1535 C1535-C7H02-3121J0H 卡仕达D106平台好帮⼿CN135专版C1535-C7H02-3121J0H83 C1536 C1536-D5L01-3121J0H 好帮⼿CA4001(旧专版设备号0015)C1536-D5L01-3121J0H84 C1537 C1537-D5L01-3121J0H 好帮⼿CA3126C1537-D5L01-3121J0H85 C1549 C1549-C7H01-3121J0H 新星光电版⾼清⼆合⼀C1549-C7H01-3121J0H86 C1552 C1552-C7H01-3121J0H C1552-C7H01-3121J0H87 C1557 C1557-D5J07-3121J0H 凯越-路特仕RTSC1557-D5J07-3121J0H88 C1563 C1563-D5L01-3121J0H 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C2715-C7H01-3121J0H295 C2716 C2716-C7J01-3121J0H 宝马专版BMBSC2716-C7J01-3121J0H296 C2719 C2719-V7H01-3121J0H 凯震专版C2719-V7H01-3121J0H297 C2723 C2723-B7J02-3121J0H 路畅C2270(3D+FM)宝马4SC2723-B7J02-3121J0H298 C2725 C2725-C7H01-3121J0H 本安仪表VR202北⽃+GPSC2725-C7H01-3121J0H299 C2727 C2727-C7H01-3121J0H 3D旗舰版C2727-C7H01-3121J0H300 C2728 C2728-B7J04-3121J0H 路畅-畅安S(PRIMA2)安卓C2728-B7J04-3121J0H301 C2734 C2734-C7H02-3121J0H 德赛西威NAV280⼤众专版C2734-C7H02-3121J0H302 C2739 C2739-M7J01-3121J0H C2739-M7J01-3121J0H303 C2740 C2740-C7H01-3121J0H 兴达导航公司全分变率全卡名安卓C2740-C7H01-3121J0H 304 C2741 C2741-C7H01-3121J0H 三合⼀C2741-C7H01-3121J0H305 C2751 C2751-B7G07-3121J0H 路畅-粤⾏者专版C2751-B7G07-3121J0H306 C2758 C2758-C7H05-3121J0H 华阳-RN4921(CE6A01)C2758-C7H05-3121J0H307 C2759 C2759-C7H02-3121J0H 华阳-CE4E01C2759-C7H02-3121J0H308 C2762 C2762-A7H03-3121J0H 路特仕凯越-69(⽐亚迪4S)C2762-A7H03-3121J0H309 C2765C2765-C7H01-3121J0H 天派-新煌冠C2765-C7H01-3121J0H310 C2771 C2771-C7H01-3121J0H C2771-C7H01-3121J0H311 C2777 C2777-A7F02-3121J0H 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C2893-C7H01-3121J0H C2893-C7H01-3121J0H347 C2894 C2894-C7H01-3121J0H C2894-C7H01-3121J0H348 C2895 C2895-C7H01-3121J0H C2895-C7H01-3121J0H349 C2896 C2896-C7H01-3121J0H C2896-C7H01-3121J0H350 C2899 C2899-B7J04-3121J0H 路畅技服佳实时路况C2899-B7J04-3121J0H351 C2900 C2900-B7J02-3121J0H 路畅安卓C2900-B7J02-3121J0H352 C2901 C2901-C7H01-3121J0H C2901-C7H01-3121J0H353 C2903 C2903-C7H08-3121J0H 中国⼀汽专版C2903-C7H08-3121J0H354 C2904 C2904-A7F02-3121J0H 凯越-路特仕(GPS+北⽃)C2904-A7F02-3121J0H355 C2911 C2911-U7H01-3121J0H 索菱⼆合⼀(海马4S)C2911-U7H01-3121J0H356 C2919 C2919-C7J01-3121J0H C2919-C7J01-3121J0H357 C2922 C2922-C7J01-3121J0H 安卓C2922-C7J01-3121J0H358 C2923 C2923-W7F04-3121J0H 京华专版C2923-W7F04-3121J0H359 C2924 C2924-C7H03-3121J0H 德赛西威-NAV310C2924-C7H03-3121J0H360 C2935 C2935-C7H03-3121J0H C2935-C7H03-3121J0H361 C2938 C2938-C7H01-3121J0H C2938-C7H01-3121J0H362 C2939 C2939-C7H01-3121J0H 常⽲电⼦C2939-C7H01-3121J0H363 C2940 C2940-U7H01-3121J0H 索菱C2940-U7H01-3121J0H364 C2941 C2941-C7H03-3121J0H 华阳(⼀键通)专版C2941-C7H03-3121J0H365 C2942 C2942-C7J01-3121J0H 科路迅三马电⼦TE-268C2942-C7J01-3121J0H366 C2944 C2944-A7H01-3121J0H 路特仕凯越-69(⽐亚迪4S)C2944-A7H01-3121J0H367 C2945 C2945-C7H05-3121J0H 徐港XG-9801BD(斯柯达4S)北⽃+GPS双模C2945-C7H05-3121J 368 C2946 C2946-C7J04-3121J0H 阿科达DTG安卓C2946-C7J04-3121J0H369 C2947 C2947-U7H02-3121J0H 索菱东风风神-8139C2947-U7H02-3121J0H370 C2948 C2948-C7H01-3121J0H C2948-C7H01-3121J0H371 C2951 C2951-C7H02-3121J0H 海马专版C2951-C7H02-3121J0H372C2968 C2968-Q7J01-3121J0H 佳艺⽥TS7658安卓全卡名专版C2968-Q7J01-3121J0H373 C2976 C2976-C7H05-3121J0H 华阳-CE6K(先锋港澳版)C2976-C7H05-3121J0H374 C2981 C2981-A7H06-3121J0H 路特仕(凯越)KY-69276C2981-A7H06-3121J0H375 C2986 C2986-C7H01-3121J0H 徐港XG9990C2986-C7H01-3121J0H376 C2989 C2989-B7J03-3121J0H 路畅3D双模(GPS+北⽃)专版C2989-B7J03-3121J0H377 C2991 C2991-C7H03-3121J0H 北汽银翔专版华阳-RN4940C2991-C7H03-3121J0H378 C2992 C2992-C7H13-3121J0H 德赛西威NAV286C2992-C7H13-3121J0H379 C2995 C2995-A7H08-3121J0H 路特仕⼆合⼀C2995-A7H08-3121J0H380 C2997 C2997-C7H01-3121J0H 华阳CE4K(华晨蓝⽛⼀键通定制版)C2997-C7H01-3121J0H 381 C2998 C2998-C7H01-3121J0H C2998-C7H01-3121J0H382 C3004 C3004-C7H02-3121J0H 蓝宝电⼦科技BP-AVN7803YXC3004-C7H02-3121J0H383 C3014 C3014-C7H02-3121J0H 北⽃专版C3014-C7H02-3121J0H384 C3018 C3018-A7H08-3121J0H 路特仕-东风风神C3018-A7H08-3121J0H385 C3020 C3020-U7H05-3121J0H 索菱-PAD520C3020-U7H05-3121J0H386 C3027 C3027-B7J01-3121J0H 路畅-畅安S-786安卓C3027-B7J01-3121J0H387 C3028 C3028-A7J04-3121J0H 路特仕东风风神4SC3028-A7J04-3121J0H388 C3030 C3030-C7H01-3121J0H 麦思美-DV-W01C3030-C7H01-3121J0H389 C3031 C3031-V7H03-3121J0H C3031-V7H03-3121J0H390 C3032 C3032-C7H04-3121J0H 德赛西威AA1003C3032-C7H04-3121J0H391 C3033 C3033-V7H02-3121J0H C3033-V7H02-3121J0H392 C3034 C3034-C7H02-3121J0H 科路迅三马电⼦TE-268C3034-C7H02-3121J0H393 C3045 C3045-C7J06-3121J0H 上海尊悦STNA-F2000(3DA)C3045-C7J06-3121J0H394 C3046 C3046-B7J12-3121J0H 路畅C3046-B7J12-3121J0H395 C3047 C3047-C7H04-3121J0H 天派-6609GKC3047-C7H04-3121J0H396 C3056 C3056-C7H01-3121J0H 索⾏电⼦-9025C3056-C7H01-3121J0H397 C3057 C3057-C7H03-3121J0H 索⾏电⼦五合⼀C3057-C7H03-3121J0H398 C3058 C3058-C7H02-3121J0H 北⽃+GPS双模C3058-C7H02-3121J0H399 C3061 C3061-C7H02-3121J0H C3061-C7H02-3121J0H400 C3062 C3062-C7H04-3121J0H 北⽃+GPS双模C3062-C7H04-3121J0H401 C3063 C3063-Q7H05-3121J0H 佳艺⽥专⽤安卓真3D⾮穿越C3063-Q7H05-3121J0H402 C3068 C3068-C7J02-3121J0H 成德新煌冠C3068-C7J02-3121J0H403 C3069 C3069-C7H01-3121J0H 成德新煌冠卡绑定SDC3069-C7H01-3121J0H404 C3070 C3070-C7H05-3121J0H 兴嘉林2531北⽃C3070-C7H05-3121J0H405 C3076 C3076-C7H02-3121J0H 盛航多媒体N2110C3076-C7H02-3121J0H406 C3082 C3082-C7H03-3121J0H 索⾏电⼦⾼清版C3082-C7H03-3121J0H407 C3085 C3085-C7H03-3121J0H 索⾏电⼦五合⼀C3085-C7H03-3121J0H408 C3086 C3086-C7H03-3121J0H 索⾏电⼦五合⼀C3086-C7H03-3121J0H409 C3087 C3087-C7H03-3121J0H 索⾏电⼦五合⼀C3087-C7H03-3121J0H410 C3091 C3091-D5L02-3121J0H 佳艺⽥707⼆合⼀C3091-D5L02-3121J0H411 C3092 C3092-D5L02-3121J0H 佳艺⽥707⼆合⼀C3092-D5L02-3121J0H412 C3116 C3116-M7H02-3121J0H 飞歌C3116-M7H02-3121J0H413 C3156 C3156-C7H02-3121J0H 徐港-9956LFWBDC3156-C7H02-3121J0H414 C3160 C3160-B7J03-3121J0H 路畅-D1002B52AX专版C3160-B7J03-3121J0H415 C3171 C3171-C7H01-3121J0H 德赛西威-AA1004C3171-C7H01-3121J0H416 C3180 C3180-C7H01-3121J0H 德赛西威-NAV651C3180-C7H01-3121J0H417 C3186 C3186-M7H02-3121J0H 飞歌-嘀嘀虎专⽤版C3186-M7H02-3121J0H418 C3195 C3195-B7J01-3121J0H 路畅-D7140PD(B+G路况通⽤版)C3195-B7J01-3121J0H 419 C3199 C3199-A7H01-3121J0H 凯越电⼦路特仕C3199-A7H01-3121J0H420 C3311 C3311-C7F05-3121J0H ⾼清索菱3合1专版C3311-C7F05-3121J0H421 C3312 C3312-C7H01-3121J0H 宏景电⼦JI-MP5带吉利4S店C3312-C7H01-3121J0H422 K3162 K3162-L5L01-3121D0H 凯⽴德专⽤机K3162-L5L01-3121D0H423 K3310 K3310-L5L04-3121D0H 凯⽴德K310K3310-L5L04-3121D0H424 K3316 K3316-L5L01-3121D0H 凯⽴德K3316-L5L01-3121D0H425 K3319 K3319-L5L15-3121D0H 凯⽴德专⽤机K319K3319-L5L15-3121D0H426 K3320 K3320-L5L01-3121D0H 凯⽴德-K320-BDT(北⽃专版)K3320-L5L01-3121D0H427 K3321 K3321-L5L04-3121D0H 凯⽴德⼤众版K3321-L5L04-3121D0H428 K3322 K3322-L5L03-3121J0H 凯⽴德专版K3322-L5L03-3121J0H429 K3370 K3370-L5L03-3121D0H 凯⽴德专⽤机K370版K3370-L5L03-3121D0H430 K3371 K3371-L5L09-3121D0H 凯⽴德专⽤机K371⼤字体带胎压检测K3371-L5L09-3121D0H 431 K3373 K3373-L5L01-3121D0H 凯⽴德J373专享版K3373-L5L01-3121D0H432 K3379 K3379-L5L15-3121D0H 凯⽴德专⽤机K379版K3379-L5L15-3121D0H433 K5530 K5530-L5M02-3121J0H 凯⽴德专版K5530-L5M02-3121J0H434 K6631 K6631-L5M03-3121J0H ⼭东交⼴限量版安卓K6631-L5M03-3121J0H435 K6650 K6650-L5M01-3121J0H 凯⽴德安卓货运版K6650-L5M01-3121J0H436 M2342 M2342-D5L02-3121J0H 零售版全卡名3DAndroidM2342-D5L02-3121J0H437 P0004 P0004-G5L01-3121J0H E路航LH600普清P0004-G5L01-3121J0H438 P0005 P0005-G5L01-3121J0H 橡果国际普清P0005-G5L01-3121J0H439 P0006 P0006-G5L01-3121J0H E路航LH700专版P0006-G5L01-3121J0H440 P0170 P0170-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格导航PN98P0170-D5L01-3121J0H441 P0352 P0352-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格-PN98A-14P0352-D5L01-3121J0H442 P0685 P0685-D5L01-3121J0H 精伦电⼦P606(24bit)橡果国际P0685-D5L01-3121J0H443 P0715 P0715-D5L01-3121J0H 东风⽇产带NISSAN4SP0715-D5L01-3121J0H444 P0723 P0723-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格普清P0723-D5L01-3121J0H445 P0742 P0742-D5L01-3121J0H 航盛电⼦HS-HV1811(Normal)P0742-D5L01-3121J0H446 P0815 P0815-D5L01-3121J0H 东太利征服者P0815-D5L01-3121J0H447 P0901 P0901-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格PN100CMP0901-D5L01-3121J0H448 P0956 P0956-D5L01-3121J0H 中恒兴业-MD4801N普清P0956-D5L01-3121J0H449 P0966 P0966-K5L02-3121J0H 韩酷G7433普清P0966-K5L02-3121J0H450 P0967 P0967-K5L02-3121J0H 韩酷P0967-K5L02-3121J0H451 P0968 P0968-K5L02-3121J0H 韩酷G7439普清P0968-K5L02-3121J0H452 P0969 P0969-K5L02-3121J0H 韩酷G7502R普清P0969-K5L02-3121J0H453 P0979 P0979-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格导航普清P0979-D5L01-3121J0H454 P1005 P1005-K5L02-3121J0H 韩酷G7505MNewLogoP1005-K5L02-3121J0H455 P1007 P1007-D5L02-3121J0H P1007-D5L02-3121J0H456 P1014 P1014-X5J02-3121J0H 欣万和P1014-X5J02-3121J0H457 P1022 P1022-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格导航普清P1022-D5L01-3121J0H458 P1076 P1076-D5L01-3121J0H 中恒X6P1076-D5L01-3121J0H459 P1089 P1089-D5L01-3121J0H 赛格导航P1089-D5L01-3121J0H460 P1147 P1147-K5L02-3121J0H 韩酷G7503R普清P1147-K5L02-3121J0H461 P1190 P1190-D5L01-3121J0H 联想中宇DH100普请P1190-D5L01-3121J0H462 P1206 P1206-D5L03-312。
D-Link DIR-503使用说明书
D-Link DIR-503无线 N 150 路由器快速安装指南1感谢您选择 D-LINK 宽带路由产品！ 本用户手册将以 Windows XP/Windows 7 操作系统为例，指导您如何使用我们的路由器实现共享上网。
本手册是基本设置，如需 要更高级设置，请登录 下载更详细的设置文档，或拨打 8008296688 免费技术支持热线。
装箱清单如有任何物品确实，请与销售上联系。
DIR-503快速安装指南2保修卡安装流程3硬件接口说明： A. B. C. 首先，直接将DIR-503接入电源插座。
当通电后会看到面板的电源指示灯亮。
将连接DSL/Cable Modem或小区宽带的网线接到DIR-503的Internet/LAN口。
正确连接后路由器面板的INTERNET指示灯亮。
最后设置好无线网络连接，正确连接后电脑右下角会出现正确的图表显示，具体见下文“设置您的计算机” 。
4指示灯说明：5网络连接示意图：注：因本路由器在路由模式下，网口是无法访问 web 界面的，只能通过无线设置，故以下设置步骤，均基于无线连接。
61． 以 Win XP 操作系统为例 点击“开始”>点击“设置”>点击“控制面板”> 双击“网络连接”>另击“无线网络连接”>点击“查看可用的无线连接” 。
注意：无线连接的名称即为您在路由器无线网络设定中所填写的无线网络标识（SSID） ，默认为“D-Link_DIR-503” 。
若路由器无线网络未设置无线密码，点击“刷新网络列表” ， 选中要连接的无线网络标识(SSID)，点击“连接” ， 弹出提示框，点击仍然连接即可。
7若路由器无线网络未设置无线密码，点击“刷新网络列表” ， 选中要连接的无线网络标识（SSID） ，点击“连接” ， 弹出提示框里输入无线路由里设置的无线网络密码， 密码正确输入两遍。
2．以 Windows 7 操作系统为例 对屏幕右下角的无线图标 ，点击该图标。
CNY17_05中文资料
Document Number: 83606For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output,with Base ConnectionCNY17Vishay SemiconductorsDESCRIPTIONThe CNY17 is an optically coupled pair consisting of a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode optically coupled to a silicon NPN phototransitor.Signal information, including a DC level, can be transmitted by the device while maintaining a high degree of electrical isolation between input and output.The CNY17 can be used to replace relays and transformers in many digital interface applications, as well as analog applications such as CRT modulation.FEATURES•Isolation test voltage 5300 V RMS•Long term stability•Industry standard dual-in-line package •Lead (Pb)-free component•Component in accordance to RoHS 2002/95/EC and WEEE 2002/96/ECAGENCY APPROVALS•Underwriters lab file no. E52744 system code H or J •DIN EN 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884)/DIN EN 60747-5-5 pending •BSI IEC 60950 IEC 60065•FIMKONoteFor additional information on the available options refer to option information.ORDER INFORMATIONPART REMARKS CNY17-1CTR 40 to 80 %, DIP-6CNY17-2CTR 63 to 125 %, DIP-6CNY17-3CTR 100 to 200 %, DIP-6CNY17-4CTR 160 to 320 %, DIP-6CNY17-1X006CTR 40 to 80 %, DIP-6 400 mil (option 6)CNY17-1X007CTR 40 to 80 %, SMD-6 (option 7)CNY17-1X009CTR 40 to 80 %, SMD-6 (option 9)CNY17-2X006CTR 63 to 125 %, DIP-6 400 mil (option 6)CNY17-2X007CTR 63 to 125 %, SMD-6 (option 7)CNY17-2X009CTR 63 to 125 %, SMD-6 (option 9)CNY17-3X006CTR 100 to 200 %, DIP-6 400 mil (option 6)CNY17-3X007CTR 100 to 200 %, SMD-6 (option 7)CNY17-3X009CTR 100 to 200 %, SMD-6 (option 9)CNY17-4X006CTR 160 to 320 %, DIP-6 400 mil (option 6)CNY17-4X007CTR 160 to 320 %, SMD-6 (option 7)CNY17-4X009CTR 160 to 320 %, SMD-6 (option 9)ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSPARAMETER TEST CONDITIONSYMBOLVALUEUNITINPUTReverse voltage V R 6.0V Forward current I F 60mA Surge current t ≤ 10 µsI FSM 2.5A Power dissipationP diss100mW For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@Document Number: 83606NoteT amb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified.Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operational sections of this document. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of the time can adversely affect reliability.NoteT amb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified.Minimum and maximum values were tested requierements. Typical values are characteristics of the device and are the result of engineering evaluations. Typical values are for information only and are not part of the testing requirements.OUTPUTCollector emitter breakdown voltage BV CEO 70V Emitter base breakdown voltage BV EBO 7.0V Collector current I C 50mA t < 1.0 msI C 100mA Power dissipation P diss150mWCOUPLERIsolation test voltagebetween emitter and detector referred to climate DIN 50014, part 2, Nov. 74t = 1.0 sV ISO5300V RMS Creepage distance ≥ 7.0mm Clearance distance ≥ 7.0mm Isolation thickness between emitter and detector≥ 0.4mmComparative tracking indexper DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303, part 1175Isolation resistance V IO = 500 V, T amb = 25°C R IO ≥ 1012ΩV IO = 500 V, T amb = 100°CR IO ≥ 1011ΩStorage temperature T stg - 55 to + 150°C Operating temperature T amb - 55 to + 100°C Soldering temperaturemax. 10 s, dip soldering: distance toseating plane ≥ 1.5 mmT sld260°C ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSPARAMETER TEST CONDITIONSYMBOLVALUEUNITELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTCSPARAMETER TEST CONDITIONPARTSYMBOLMIN.TYP.MAX.UNITINPUTForward voltage I F = 60 mA V F 1.251.65V Breakdown voltage I R = 10 mA V BR 6.0V Reverse current V R = 6.0 V I R 0.0110µA Capacitance V R = 0 V, f = 1.0 MHzC O 25pF Thermal resistance R th750K/WOUTPUTCollector emitter capacitance V CE = 5.0 V, f = 1.0 MHz C CE 5.2pF Collector base capacitance V CB = 5.0 V, f = 1.0 MHz C CB 6.5pF Emitter base capacitance V EB = 5.0 V, f = 1.0 MHzC EB 7.5pF Thermal resistance R th500K/WCOUPLERCollector emitter, saturation voltage V F = 10 mA, I C = 2.5 mAV CEsat 0.250.4V Coupling capacitanceC C 0.6pF Collector emitter, leakage currentV CE = 10 VCNY17-1I CEO 2.050nA CNY17-2I CEO 2.050nA CNY17-3I CEO 5.0100nA CNY17-4I CEO5.0100nADocument Number: 83606For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@CNY17Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output,with Base ConnectionVishay SemiconductorsNoteCurrent transfer ratio and collector-emitter leakage current by dash number (T amb °C).CURRENT TRANSFER RATIOPARAMETERTEST CONDITIONPART SYMBOL MIN.TYP.MAX.UNIT I C /I FV CE = 5.0 V, I F = 10 mACNY17-1CTR 4080%CNY17-2CTR 63125%CNY17-3CTR 100200%CNY17-4CTR 160320%V CE = 5.0 V, I F = 1 mACNY17-1CTR 1330%CNY17-2CTR 2245%CNY17-3CTR 3470%CNY17-4CTR5690%SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICSPARAMETER TEST CONDITIONPARTSYMBOLMIN.TYP.MAX.UNIT LINEAR OPERATION (WITHOUT SATURATION)Turn-on time I F = 10 mA, V CC = 5.0 V, R L = 75 Ωt on 3.0µs Rise time I F = 10 mA, V CC = 5.0 V, R L = 75 Ωt r 2.0µs Turn-off time I F = 10 mA, V CC = 5.0 V, R L = 75 Ωt off 2.3µs Fall time I F = 10 mA, V CC = 5.0 V, R L = 75 Ωt f 2.0µs Cut-off frequencyI F = 10 mA, V CC = 5.0 V, R L = 75 Ωf CO 250kHz SWITCHING OPERATION (WITH SATURATION)Turn-on timeI F = 20 mACNY17-1t on 3.0µs I F = 10 mA CNY17-2t on 4.2µs CNY17-3t on 4.2µs I F = 5 mA CNY17-4t on 6.0µs Rise timeI F = 20 mACNY17-1t r 2.0µs I F = 10 mA CNY17-2t r 3.0µs CNY17-3t r 3.0µs I F = 5 mA CNY17-4t r 4.6µs Turn-off timeI F = 20 mACNY17-1t off 18µs I F = 10 mA CNY17-2t off 23µs CNY17-3t off 23µs I F = 5 mA CNY17-4t off 25µs Fall timeI F = 20 mACNY17-1t f 11µs I F = 10 mA CNY17-2t f 14µs CNY17-3t f 14µs I F = 5 mACNY17-4t f15µsTYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS T amb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specifiedFig. 1 - Linear Operation (without Saturation) Fig. 2 - Switching Operation (with Saturation) Fig. 3 - Current Transfer Ratio vs. Diode Current Fig. 4 - Current Transfer Ratio vs. Diode Current Fig. 5 - Current Transfer Ratio vs. Diode Current Fig. 6 - Current Transfer Ratio vs. Diode Current For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@ Document Number: 83606CNY17 Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output,with Base ConnectionVishay SemiconductorsFig. 7 - Current Transfer Ratio vs. Diode Current Fig. 8 - Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) vs. Temperature Fig. 9 - Transistor CharacteristicsFig. 10 - Output CharacteristicsFig. 11 - Forward VoltageFig. 12 - Collector Emitter Off-state CurrentDocument Number: 83606For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@ Fig. 13 - Saturation Voltage vs. Collector Current and Modulation Depth CNY17-1Fig. 14 - Saturation Voltage vs. Collector Current and Modulation Depth CNY17-2Fig. 15 - Saturation Voltage vs. Collector Current and Modulation Depth CNY17-3Fig. 16 - Saturation Voltage vs.Collector Current and Modulation Depth CNY17-4Fig. 17 - Permissible Power Dissipation for Transistor and Diode For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@ Document Number: 83606CNY17Optocoupler, Phototransistor Output,Vishay Semiconductorswith Base ConnectionPACKAGE DIMENSIONS in inches (millimeters)Document Number: 83606For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@ OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES POLICY STATEMENTIt is the policy of Vishay Semiconductor GmbH to1.Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.2.Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems withrespect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs).The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. Vishay Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents.1.Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively.2.Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) in the USA3.Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical designand may do so without further notice.Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use Vishay Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify Vishay Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.Vishay Semiconductor GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany For technical questions, contact: optocoupler.answers@ Document Number: 83606Legal Disclaimer NoticeVishay Document Number: NoticeSpecifications of the products displayed herein are subject to change without notice. Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., or anyone on its behalf, assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies.Information contained herein is intended to provide a product description only. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Vishay's terms and conditions of sale for such products, Vishay assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Vishay products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right. The products shown herein are not designed for use in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications. Customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Vishay for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale.。
211053411_排行榜
电器 2023/42023年2月线上市场部分家用电器畅销型号平均单价及零售量占有率数据来源：奥维云网（AVC）对电商监测系统（13家主流电商渠道）监测数据。
吸油烟机吸油烟机燃气灶套系畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)微波炉畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)空气净化器畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)燃气灶畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)热水器净水器电烤箱平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)畅销型号畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)志高 CXW-180-C01美的 CXW-180-J30志高 CXW-268-B01Q 苏泊尔 CXW-238-Y-DJ13半球 CXW-180-SZ07志高 CXW-300-T01美的 CXW-268-TYP2S 四季沐歌 CXW-318-Q30美的 CXW-200-JMY1万和 CXW-260-J320A 25899939767814249017688078166255.82.42.22.12.01.91.81.61.31.2厅和好太太 JZT-A志高 GT208DF半球 BS-9A苏泊尔 JZT/Y-Q5樱雪 JZY/T/R-T1501(G)W 苏泊尔 JZT/Y-Z-DB07苏泊尔 JZT/Y-B15苏泊尔 JZT/Y-S16美的 JZT/Y-Q218B康佳 JZT/Y-B500Y278207153631112397655654685290 6.14.53.42.52.11.81.61.51.41.3老板 28D3S+57B2D 老板 60D1S+57B2D 方太 JCD10TA+TH27B 方太 EMD22H+TH26B 方太 JCD9A+TH26B 苏泊尔 ME17+B15方太 EMG7A+TH71B 老板 8113+7B19统帅 IQ92D+QIGL2C 老板 28X6ST+57B0X 45884380454741964190229154033998209950131.61.51.41.41.31.21.11.11.00.9海尔 EC6001-HY1万和 E40-U1UM-20美的 F60-A20MD1(HI)志高 DSZF-40LP 美的 JSQ22-12HWA 志高 DSZF-40F海尔 EC6001-PD3(U1)海尔 JSQ25-13UTS 统帅 LES50H-LT 美的 F6022-J7(HE)85238010553107493489998446579491.81.51.41.31.21.11.11.11.00.9美的 M1-211A(M1-L213B)美的 M1-L201B 格兰仕 G70F20CN1L-DG(B0)格兰仕 P70D20TL-D4美的 M1-L213C 格兰仕 P70J17L-V1(W0)格兰仕 P70D20TL-D4(W0)格兰仕 P70F20CL-DG(B0)格兰仕 P70F23P-G5(S0)美的 EM7KCGW3-NR 30839739930136029029937639238821.18.17.87.25.34.33.32.92.32.2小米 MR1082海尔 HRO7510-5TU1华凌 MU151-4苏泊尔 YCZ-JB600-U501长虹 CUF-H502苏泊尔 SJU-A1小米 MR642-B 华凌 WAH75-03九阳 JYW-HC-1283WU A.O.史密斯 R1600BG120511388407285471394116995527932373.63.02.82.62.32.32.21.81.81.7小米 小米4LITE 小米 小米4PRO 华为 KJ500F-EP500H 小米 小米PRO H 华为 KJ800F-S800华为 KJ400F-C400小米 小米4海尔 KJ200F-M900A 华为 KJ350F-C350IAM KJ800F-M85831095109513942169849881418617495717.212.04.13.52.22.22.11.91.91.6美的 MG38CB-AA 美的 T1-L108B 美的 PT2531格兰仕 K42格兰仕 K13康佳 KAO-1208格兰仕 K40苏泊尔 K10FK810美的 T1-108B 苏泊尔 K35FK60224699194263174912431091052677.04.74.03.23.02.72.52.32.12.0清洁电器畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)洗碗机畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)消毒柜畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)挂烫机畅销型号平均单价(元)零售量占有率(%)小米 米家有线除螨仪苏泊尔 VCM16A奥克斯 XAC-02A添可 芙万2.0(LED版)小米 米家吸尘器2科沃斯 T10 OMNI奥克斯 AXS-927美的 SC861A添可 芙万2.0 PRO(LED 版)美的 U2176153139265019035531151262804196 4.53.72.22.12.02.01.81.51.51.3米家 QMDW0501M美的 M10(WQP4-W2605-CN-G)海尔 EYW131286BKDU1德世厨 YH-XWJ02松下 NP-TF6WK1Y海尔 EYBW142286GGU1(W 30)美的 RX600海尔 EYW152286BK米家 WQP12-01华凌 VIE6(WQP8-HW3909E-C N)1487136735998313233499444063950243822544.63.52.92.41.91.91.61.51.41.4康宝 XDR53-TVC1美的 MXV-ZLP90Q15S尊拓 KS-98AS-不锈钢美的 80G05康宝 XDR30-TVC1康佳 ZTP85K61志高 ZTD120L-F399小熊 ZTD50-A40Q5方太 ZTD100J-J51E 康宝 XDZ70-G129999412850328733639744619724055.02.62.42.31.81.71.51.51.41.4米家 MJGTJ01LF 奥克斯 AUX-YS3015荣事达 RS-YD1006美的 YGJ15Q1苏泊尔 GT70AX-12美的 YBJ10G2苏泊尔 YD05BT-18苏泊尔 GT17BP-18美的 YGD20D7苏泊尔 GT13CP-2010576691538079821812792587.46.86.63.83.62.72.52.42.12.079Copyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.电器 2023/42023年2月全国城市市场部分小家电品牌销售概况行榜80排LISTCopyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.。
工程图集目录大全
25
24 13CJ06-2
25
25 13CJ41
25
26 13CJ40-2
24
27 13CJ42
28
28 13CJ39
22
29 13CJ40-3
22
30 13CJ45
26
31 13CJ48
25
32 13CJ47
29
33 13CJ44
29
34 13CJ43
46
35 13CJ40-4
25
36 14CJ38
代替 98G359-1～4 和 81
98(04)G359-1～4 16 37 65 47 替代 03G329-1 48 替代 04G329-8
替代 04G329-2、04G329-3、 59
04G329-4、04G329-6 63 替代 05SG332 68 95 代替 06SG311-1 28 89 77 93 43 248 198 112 69 83 83 42
6 11J508
7 12J502-2
8 13J502-1
9 13J502-3
10 16J509
序号
图集号
图集名称 图集名称
图集名称
本)
45
12
建筑及结构专业图集
38
替代 02J301
89
替代 01J304、01(03)J304。
价格
备注
28
98
替代 06J403-1
98
替代 02J401 02（02）J401
82
47
83
替代 07J107、07SG617
48 替代 04J101、04G612
价格
备注
说明书(老款pc5简易版)
22:模拟量指令的取样/保持
23：KEB指令（a接点输入）
24：KEB指令（b接点输入）
多功能接点输入
n036
设定内容和n035相同
2-24
选择（端子S3）
多功能接点输入
n037
设定内容和n035相同
2-24
选择（端子S4）
多功能接点输入
n038
设定内容和n035相同
2-24
选择（端子S5）
1
3
0
1
n049 模拟量监视器增益
0.01-2.00 0.01
（例）把3V作为100%→设定为n049=0.30
1 0 0 0 0 100 0
0
1.00
载波频率都调整 n050 载波频率
设定载波频率 设定值1，2，4-6：载波频率=设定值 x2.5Hz固定
1-9
设定值3：载波频率=8.0KHz 设定值7，8，9：载波频率是最大2.5KHz 的输出频率比例。
n015
中间输出频率 （FB）
图略
0.1-399.9 0.1HZ 3.0
n016 中间频率电压（VC）
n017
最小输出频率 （FMIN)
0.1-255.0*1 0.1V 15.0*1 0.1-10.0 0.1HZX 1.5
最小输出频率电压 n018
（VMIN)
0.1-50.0*1 0.1V 10.0*1
n035
12：加速/减速时间选择
0-24
择（端子S2)
13：外部BB指令（常开接点输入）
14：外部BB指令（常闭接点输入）
15：速度寻找（从最高频率）
多功能接点输 入的功能选择
16：速度寻找（从最低频率） 17：参数设定许可/不许可 18：PID积分值复位
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版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
DBA 优化哪些内容？（续）
某些数据库问题需要系统管理员的帮助。
本课程将介绍一部分常见的问题。
对于基于Linux 的系统和基于Windows 的系统，有单独的课程介绍特定于这些操作系统的问题。
Linux 课程涉及的许多问题也是UNIX 和类似UNIX 的操作系统的共同问题。
O r a c l e U n i v e r s i t y a n d (O r a c l e C o r p o r a t i o n ) u s e o n l y .
e K i t m a t e r i a l s a r e t o b e u s e d O N L Y b y y o u
f o r t h e e x p r e s s p u r p o s e S E L F S T U D Y . S H A R I N G T H E F I L E I S S T R I C T L Y P R O H I B I T E D .
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
优化方法（续）
•对可以带来最大潜在好处的方面进行优化。
本课程中介绍的优化方法非常简单。
确定最大的瓶颈，然后对其进行优化。
重复进行。
所有优化工具都可以通过某种方式来确定占用时间最多的SQL 语句、资源争用或服务。
Oracle Database 11g 提供时间模型和度量来自动确定瓶颈。
•达到目标时停止优化。
如果要执行此步骤，则表示您已设置了优化目标。
这是优化数据库实例的通用方法，可能需要进行多个来回。
从实践角度来说，在项目的设计和开发阶段更倾向于从上至下进行优化。
在测试和生产阶段的优化工作通常是被动式优化，从下至上进行优化。
在所有阶段中，优化均取决于实际的测试案例，因为理论上的优化并不了解可能存在的所有变数。
如本课程中提供的所有示例所示，怀疑或发现出现问题的区域之后，创建一个测试案例，然后对该区域进行优化。
对可以带来最大潜在好处的区域进行优化。
减少最长等待，减少最大服务时间。
O r a c l e U n i v e r s i t y a n d (O r a c l e C o r p o r a t i o n ) u s e o n l y .
e K i t m a t e r i a l s a r e t o b e u s e d O N L Y b y y o u
f o r t h e e x p r e s s p u r p o s e S E L F S T U D Y . S H A R I N G T H E F I L E I S S T R I C T L Y P R O H I B I T E D .
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
有效的优化目标（续）
可量化的目标具有可以度量的客观数量。
如果目标是可量化的，那么目标是否达到就很清楚了。
具体的目标也很容易成为可量化目标。
很容易陈述“请求的用户响应时间为10 秒”目标，但此目标是否针对所有用户请求？是否为平均响应时间？如何度量平均响应时间？对目标中的用词进行具体的定义是十分必要的。
如果将目标描述改为“某个特定请求的用户响应时间为20 秒或更短”，可以客观地确定何时达到了目标。
可实现的目标是有实现的可能性、并且在优化负责人的控制范围内的目标。
以下是典型DBA 不可实现的目标的示例：
•如果目标是优化实例以创建高性能的应用程序，但是不允许您更改SQL 或数据结构，那么可实现的优化量就会受到限制。
•如果目标响应时间为1 秒，但是服务器与客户机之间的网络延迟为2 秒，如果不对网络进行更改，就不可能实现1 秒的响应时间。
即使上述情况并非绝对无法更改，但是DBA 总是会有业务约束，解决方案可使用的资金和资源量有限制。
应始终制定可量化的优化目标。
没有优化目标，将很难确定是否执行了足够的优化。
O r a c l e U n i v e r s i t y a n d (O r a c l e C o r p o r a t i o n ) u s e o n l y .
e K i t m a t e r i a l s a r e t o b e u s e d O N L Y b y y o u
f o r t h e e x p r e s s p u r p o s e S E L F S T U D Y . S H A R I N G T H E F I L E I S S T R I C T L Y P R O H I B I T E D .
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
常规优化会话（续）
4.制定试用解决方案。
在解决方案中包含概念模型。
此模型的目的是通过展示数据库的总体状态来提供帮助。
您将寻求下列问题的答案：
-性能为什么会下降？
-如何才能解决问题以达到目标？
5.实施和度量更改：制定了试用解决方案之后，进行适当的更改。
一次只执行一项更改。
如果同时进行多项更改，就无法知道哪项更改有效。
如果更改未能解决问题，则无法知道是不是某些更改起了作用，而其它更改反而起了负作用。
收集统计信息以度量更改。
6.“该解决方案是否达到目标？”将当前统计信息集与基线统计信息集进行比较。
如果确定需要进行更多的优化，则返回步骤3 并重复执行相关过程。
如果解决方案达到目标，则将当前的统计信息集设为新的基线统计信息集。
达到了目标！停止优化！
O r a c l e U n i v e r s i t y a n d (O r a c l e C o r p o r a t i o n ) u s e o n l y .
e K i t m a t e r i a l s a r e t o b e u s e d O N L Y b y y o u
f o r t h e e x p r e s s p u r p o s e S E L F S T U D Y . S H A R I N G T H E F I L E I S S T R I C T L Y P R O H I B I T E D .
版权所有©2008，Oracle。
保留所有权利。
O r a c l e U n i v e r s i t y a n d (O r a c l e C o r p o r a t i o n ) u s e o n l y .
e K i t m a t e r i a l s a r e t o b e u s e d O N L Y b y y o u
f o r t h e e x p r e s s p u r p o s e S E L F S T U D Y . S H A R I N G T H E F I L E I S S T R I C T L Y P R O H I B I T E D .。