Argumentative writing
高考英语书面表达 Argumentative Writing (共20页)
• Finally/ Last but not least/, .... 表示递进、强调的关联词 • .... Besides/Apart from/ What’s more/ In
addition/ Furthermore/ Moreover/worse still/ to make matters worse…
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8．作者指出人之所以能适应人生境遇 的种种 变化， 就是因 为这些 变化是 在相当 长的时 间里达 到的。
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9．时间之所以让人感到渺茫和不可思 议，是 因为和 空间相 比，时 间既无 法把握 ，又无 法挽留 。
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10．这篇散文语言优美、细腻，文采 飘逸、 富有想 象力， 字里行 间流露 出浓浓 的文学 韵味， 让人回 味无穷 。
2.总之
in conclusion…..
as long as /so long as
3.只要
表列举说明的关联词: • Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with, ....
Secondly… Thirdly…
• In the first place… In the second place…
•
11.另一种水声，是流水声，细弱又清 亮。它 来自幽 暗的捞 纸房某 个角落 ，水从 一只装 满纸浆 的槽缸 里溢出 来，匍 匐进地 面。几 近难以 察觉的 流水声 ，被无 边的寂 静扩大 了。水 声泠泠 ，像由 远及近 的银铃 声从云 霄洒落 大地。
The last paragraph(voice your opinion):
in my opinion
1.在我看来
personally （speaking） As far as I’m concerned
大学英语高级写作教程Unit 4 Argumentative Writing
repetition
parallelism
antithesis
Activity 3: Investigate your campus to find out activities on argumentation among the students at your university. Choose one or more of the following activities. • Check your student center, campus bulletin boards, and the campus newspaper for advertisements or club recruitments. How much do you find? What issues are important on your campus? • Attend a meeting of a group or club on campus, and observe how they argue in their discussions and how they convince others. • Watch TV or video about debate such as CCTV English debate competition and find out how the contestants argue and what rhetorical devices are used in their speeches.
• • • •
2. Identify and evaluate the support a writer provides to defend an argument Read the magazine article in the textbook “College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening?”, which will give you a general idea of argumentative writing. In it, David Daniels questions a traditional teaching method: the lecture class. Before you read, answer these questions: Have you attended any lecture classes in college? If so, what happened in them? Is lecturing an effective way for you to learn? Do you think your experience in lecture classes is typical? Why might some object to lecturing as a teaching method? Why might some defend it?
英语作文体裁有哪些
英语作文体裁有哪些英语作文是英语学习中的重要组成部分它不仅能够检验学生的语言表达能力还能锻炼学生的逻辑思维和创造力。
英语作文的体裁多种多样主要包括以下几种1. Narrative Writing叙述文叙述文是讲述一个故事或事件的经过通常包括时间地点人物事件等基本要素。
这种体裁要求作者按照时间顺序或事件发展顺序组织文章使读者能够清晰地了解故事的来龙去脉。
2. Descriptive Writing描述文描述文着重于对事物或场景的详细描绘包括外观颜色形状声音气味等感官信息。
这种体裁要求作者使用丰富的形容词和生动的比喻使读者能够在心中形成清晰的画面。
3. Expository Writing说明文说明文的目的是解释或阐述某个概念过程或事物。
它通常包括定义分类比较对比原因和结果等元素。
这种体裁要求作者逻辑清晰条理分明能够系统地传达信息。
4. Persuasive Writing议论文议论文旨在说服读者接受作者的观点或采取某种行动。
这种体裁要求作者提出有力的论据使用恰当的修辞手法如比喻对比引用等以增强说服力。
5. Argumentative Writing辩论文辩论文是一种特殊的议论文它通常涉及对立的观点和论点。
作者需要提出自己的观点并反驳对方的观点展示自己立场的合理性。
6. Reflective Writing反思文反思文是一种个人化的写作形式作者通过回顾和思考个人经历情感或思想来表达自己的感悟和认识。
这种体裁要求作者真诚地表达内心世界与读者分享个人的成长和变化。
7. Comparative Writing比较文比较文是对两个或多个事物概念或现象进行对比分析的写作形式。
作者需要找出它们的相似之处和不同之处并分析这些差异背后的原因。
8. Process Writing过程文过程文描述了完成某项任务或活动的步骤和方法。
这种体裁要求作者按照逻辑顺序列出步骤并可能包括原因结果或个人体验。
9. Journal Writing日记体日记体是一种记录个人日常经历感受和思考的写作形式。
英语作文的论证方式
英语作文的论证方式英文回答：Argumentative Writing Strategies.In argumentative essays, the writer presents a claim and provides evidence to support it. The goal is to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's position. There are various argumentative writing strategies, including:1. Logos (Logical Reasoning)。
Uses facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to support the claim.Presents evidence from credible sources.Establishes cause-and-effect relationships.2. Ethos (Ethical Appeal)。
Establishes the writer's credibility and trustworthiness.Uses personal experiences or examples to connect with the reader.Cites experts or authorities to support the claim.3. Pathos (Emotional Appeal)。
Appeals to the reader's emotions to persuade them.Uses vivid language, imagery, and anecdotes to create an emotional connection.Evokes empathy or fear to influence the reader's thinking.4. Kairos (Timeliness)。
Argumentative writing
Write
an argumentative 200 word essay on one of the following: Should English Majors be given more class time with the foreign teachers? Should Chinese universities include sports classes as part of every university education? Should Chinese university students have a curfew? Should Chinese freshmen have to complete army training?
An
argument is just a conversation between people who don‟t agree, there are always at least two sides. For example, „I think University curfews are good because….‟ or „I think university curfews are bad because...‟ Therefore, when we are writing an argument, we must always be responding to the other „side‟ so we can become part of the conversation. So, instead of starting with “I believe”, we start with “they believe” and follow with “I disagree because...”
Argumentative writing写作公开课+课件+-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
Step2: Structure the essay
Body: arguments and supporting evidence
Step3: polish the language
Conclusion: the writer’s opinion
What expressions can we use to write an argumentative?
Lead in
Review the structure of the passage about space exploration.
Para.1 introduction paragraph
different opinions
Some people argue that we should...
• 一般现在时 • 第一、第三人称
首段：引入话题，点明观点 中段：支持和反对观点的理由 尾段：表达个人的观点
• 开门见山点明话题 • 介绍两种相反观点及其理由 • 阐述自己的观点
堂清
writing
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论,请 你根据下表提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。
常用句型表达 一、介绍讨论的主题(开头句) “讨论….是否有必要。”
1. Recently, we had a discussion about whether it is necessary to... 2. We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not...
However, others feel ...
Para.2-4
body paragraph
supporting argumentation
Argumentative writing
Argumentative writingArgument as conversationWhenever we are making an argument, we are entering a conversation. This is because, any point that can be argued has at least 2 possible opinions.This is why the words ‘fact’ and ‘argument’ are different.For this reason, the opposing argument always has to be present in our argument.Thesis statementIn order to keep your argument strict and focused, you need to develop a thesis statement.This is a statement, from 15-30 words, that outlines your main argument The thesis has to be a debatable statement i.e. one that can be argued about, as it is not concrete fact.For example, the statement “Harry potter is better than Lord of the Rings” is a debatable statement, whereas “the world is round” is a non debatable statement, it is supported by concrete fact.This statement remains a solid anchor which we always come back to, and we must not sway away from it.1. A strong thesis statement takes some sort of stand.Mcdonalds may or may not be bad for your health.MacDonald's has a hugely detrimental effect on the health of the American population, because MacDonald's’ food is high in fat and extremely addictive.2. A strong thesis statement justifies discussion.My family is an extended family.While most American families would view polyamarous marriage as a threat to the family structure, many Iranian families, like my own, believe that these marriages help reinforce kinship ties in an extended family.3. A strong thesis statement expresses one main idea.Companies need to exploit the marketing potential of the Internet, and Web pages can provide both advertising and customer support. Because the Internet is filled with tremendous marketing potential, companies should make use of this potential by using Web pages that offer both advertising and customer support.4. A strong thesis statement is specific.World hunger has many causes and effects.Hunger persists in Ethiopia because jobs are scarce and farming in the dry, infertile soil is rarely profitable.Structure of an essay- easy!!Introduction- Thesis statement and summaryPoint 1Point 2Point 3Conclusion- Go back and review Thesis Statement, summarise how what we have learned in the essay leads to the Thesis being correct.Class activityWrite a thesis statement with the person sitting next to you to respond to the following essay questions:Like homeworkThe four elements of a good thesis statementClearSimpleRelevantEasy to understandWas your thesis statement like the above? What could you do to improve it?Thesis statement trickArgumentative writing is easy, as long as you have a strict plan and stick to your thesis statement.Whenever you write an argument, plan first, and write out your thesis statement on a piece of paper.Stick it to the top of your laptop.Rhetorical device of the weekPersonification is where we apply human characteristics to a non-human entityFor example, “the factories on the pearl river spewed pollution into the atmosphere”Personification can be achieved merely by applying a human adjective to an inhuman object, i.e. “The happy sun”, “the cute phone case” etc.This technique is helpful in academic writing, as it can help to emphasise our point by relating un-human things to human life.Personifcation poemThe leaves on the ground danced in the windThe brook sang merrily as it went on its way.The fence posts gossiped and watched cars go bywhich winked at each other just to say hi.he traffic lights yelled, ”Stop, slow, go!”The tires gripped the road as if clinging to life.Stars in the sky blinked and winked outWhile the hail was as sharp as a knife.In class task- write a personification poem/storyWith the person next to you, try and write a funny poem/story that uses personification.In class writing taskGap year!Question: Do you think it is beneficial for students to take a year travelling before college?Let’s have a quick discussion and think about arguments for and against Write a thesis statement in your first paragraph, I will be coming around to make sure you have done so. Your whole argument needs to provide evidence to show that your thesis statement is correct.Use an example of personification in your writing.HomeworkWrite an argumentative 200 word essay on one of the following: Should English Majors be given more class time with the foreign teachers?Should Chinese universities include sports classes as part of every university education?Should Chinese university students have a curfew?Should Chinese freshmen have to complete army training? Argumentative writingAn argument is just a conversation between people who don’t agree, there are always at least two sides. For example, ‘I think University curfews are good because….’ or ‘I think university curfews are badbecause...’Therefore, when we are writing an argument, we must always be responding to the other ‘side’ so we can become part of the conversation.So, instead of starting with “I believe”, we start with “they believe” and follow with “I disagree because...”They say/ I sayThe best way to structure an essay is “They say/ I say”This proposition means that, for most points that we make, we must include the opposing argument, even if it doesn’t exist in writing.This is an effective way of writing argumentatively, as it positions us against other people in the conversation, and can strengthen our position if done correctly.They sayMany people believe that...It is commonly thought that...My whole life I have heard it said that...When I was a child, I used to think that...Author X maintains that...It could be said that…I sayI believe author X is wrong because...However, I disagree with this viewpoint because...I disagree with this generalisation because...I used to believe this too, but now I think...They say/I say taskWrite a ‘they say/I say paragraph for the following:Should Chinese university students be given a curfew?ConversationNotice how this becomes a conversation, from “I believe” to “I believe author x is wrong because…”We are not just making statements with the “they say/ I say” approach, we are constantly in conversation.Remember ppeA development of our Point, Example, Explain could be to include “theysay” before our point.i.e. “It has been argued that fox hunting is a good thing, as foxes kill other wildlife and their numbers need to be controlled. It might be true that fox numbers need to be controlled, however fox hunting is an inhumane and evil way to control the population. This is because foxes undergo great pain when being killed by dogs, as has been proven by a Josh Palmer’s recent study on fox hunting. The paper explains how foxes are put under great stress during the hunt, and are weakened and worn out by the process, leading to a distressing death. Consequently, I believe that fox hunting should be made illegal, and that if killing foxes is necessary, it should be done in a more humane manner, for example shooting. “This paragraph is successful, as it follows the rule of ‘they say/ I say’ and also PEE.The opposing argument is present in the writing, and every part of it is addressed, even down to finding a solution for the factual part. Remember, non-debatable statements such as ‘foxes are wiping out natural wildlife in the UK’ cannot be made into an argument, but we can argue about how to deal with the statements.Weakening the opponentArgumentative writing is like a battle, and we need to weaken our opponent.Whilst we can’t lie about what they say or assert, we can weaken their position by using non-specific language.“Some people may argue that…”This “some people” implies that this is a minority opinion, and “may argue” implies that this is not an argument made with confidence”We can contrast this with our specific, direct language to make a strong pointContrasting connectiveWe need to use a contrasting connective to contrast our point against our opponent.“Some people might argue that computers create unemployment. These people, however, ignore the fact that computers have actually created many new forms of employ ment that have never existed before”Think of some contrasting connectives so we can write them on the board.Contrasting connectives list ButIn contrastConverselyHoweverStillNevertheless NonethelessYetAnd yetOn the other handOn the contraryIn spite of thisActuallyIn fact。
初中英语作文种类
初中英语作文种类在初中英语教学中，作文是学生语言应用能力的重要体现。
以下是一些常见的初中英语作文种类：1. 叙述文（Narrative Writing）：叙述文要求学生讲述一个故事或事件，通常包括时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。
这种作文类型有助于学生练习使用过去时态和顺序连词。
2. 描述文（Descriptive Writing）：描述文要求学生描述一个人、地方、物体或事件。
这要求学生使用形容词和副词来增强语言的表现力。
3. 议论文（Argumentative Writing）：议论文要求学生就某个话题表达自己的观点，并提供理由和证据支持自己的观点。
这种作文类型有助于学生学习如何构建论点和反驳。
4. 说明文（Expository Writing）：说明文是一种信息性写作，要求学生解释一个概念、过程或事件。
这种作文类型常用于教育和信息传递。
5. 指令文（Instructional Writing）：指令文要求学生编写一系列步骤来指导他人完成某项任务。
这种作文类型有助于学生练习使用祈使句。
6. 诗歌（Poetry）：诗歌是一种艺术性的写作形式，它使用节奏、韵律和象征性的语言来表达情感和想法。
7. 日记（Diary Writing）：日记写作是一种个人化的写作，学生可以记录自己的日常生活、感受和思考。
这种作文类型有助于学生练习使用第一人称和现在时态。
8. 电子邮件和信件（Email and Letter Writing）：在这种类型的作文中，学生学习如何写正式或非正式的电子邮件和信件，包括正确的格式和礼貌用语。
9. 故事续写（Story Continuation）：故事续写要求学生基于给定的故事开头，继续创作故事。
这种作文类型鼓励学生发挥想象力和创造性。
10. 看图写话（Picture Prompt Writing）：看图写话是一种基于图片的写作，学生需要观察图片并根据图片内容编写故事或描述。
英语作文题材有哪几种
Analytical writing prompts require students to analyze a topic, evaluate evidence, and draw conclusions. These prompts often ask students to critically examine a piece of literature, historical event, or scientific phenomenon. For example, a student might be asked to write an analytical essay discussing the themes and symbolism in a novelcriptive writing prompts ask students to use their creativity and descriptive skills to paint a vivid picture with words. These prompts often require students to use sensory details to create a scene or describe an object. For instance,a student might be asked to write a descriptive essay about their favorite place, using vivid language to convey the sights, sounds, and smells of the location.
六、Reflective Writing
初中英语常见文体知识
初中英语常见文体知识初中英语课程中，我们需要研究不同的文体知识。
掌握这些知识有助于我们更好地理解和运用英语。
以下是一些常见的初中英语文体知识。
1. 记叙文 (Narrative Writing)记叙文是讲述故事的一种文体。
常见的记叙文有童话故事、小说、短篇故事等。
在记叙文中，作者通常通过描述人物、情节和环境来呈现故事。
是讲述故事的一种文体。
常见的记叙文有童话故事、小说、短篇故事等。
在记叙文中，作者通常通过描述人物、情节和环境来呈现故事。
例如：Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Lisa. She lived in a small village...记叙文中的语言通常生动而具体，可以让读者像观看电影一样参与到故事中。
2. 说明文 (Expository Writing)说明文是用来解释、阐述事物或概念的一种文体。
说明文的目的是向读者传达信息，并提供合理的解释和论证。
是用来解释、阐述事物或概念的一种文体。
说明文的目的是向读者传达信息，并提供合理的解释和论证。
例如：The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It has a solid surface and is covered mostly by water...说明文的语言通常较为简洁明了，注重逻辑性和准确性。
3. 议论文 (Argumentative Writing)议论文是一种用来论证观点或表达意见的文体。
在议论文中，作者通常会提出一个观点，并通过提供证据和论证来支持自己的观点。
是一种用来论证观点或表达意见的文体。
在议论文中，作者通常会提出一个观点，并通过提供证据和论证来支持自己的观点。
例如：Smoking should be banned in all public places because it is harmful to both smokers and nonsmokers...议论文的语言通常较为严谨和有力，要能够说服读者接受自己的观点。
Argumentative writing
Argumentative writing（议论文的写作）Ⅰ.Teaching aims and demandsSs learn to write an argumentation.Ⅱ.Teaching important and difficult points1.Enable Ss to write a good argumentation.2.Ss get to know the writing tips of an argumentation.Ⅲ. Teaching methods1.Individual work to do free talk about hobbies.2.Pair work to do the first discussion.3.Group work to do discussion and writing.Ⅳ. Teaching aids1.a multi-media room2.a blackboardⅤ. Teaching proceduresStepⅠ Greetings and lead-inTalk about hobbies.What do you like to do during your spare time?Discussion:If you must give up one of them, which would you give up, TV, cell, or Web? Why?Writing: Which would you give up: TV, cell, or Web?Do you know how to write a good argumentation (议论文)?Ste pⅡLearn to write1. Structure(结构) of an argumentation--three–paragraph patternPara. 1 Introduction paragraph：Introduce the background of the topic. Para. 2 Body paragraph：1) Write out the topic sentence.2) Give the supporting points and details.Para. 3 Closing paragraph：Draw a conclusion / Give your opinion.2. Four steps for writingStep1 Make an outlineStep2 Brainstorm the vocabularyStep3 Think about the coherence（连贯性）and accuracyStep4 Check and revise (修改) your articleStep1 Make an outline现在，我们已经进入了信息时代。
中考英语作文分为几类
中考英语作文分为几类
中考英语作文通常可以分为以下几类
1. 叙事类Narrative Writing这类作文要求考生叙述一个事件或故事通常需要使用过去时态。
考生需要描述事件的背景发展过程以及结果。
2. 描述类Descriptive Writing描述类作文要求考生详细描述一个人地方物品或场景。
这需要使用形容词和副词来描绘细节。
3. 议论文Argumentative Writing这类作文要求考生就某一话题或问题表达自己的观点并提供理由和证据支持自己的观点。
4. 说明文Expository Writing说明文要求考生解释一个概念过程或事物。
这通常需
要使用定义分类比较和对比等方法。
5. 应用文Applied Writing应用文包括书信电子邮件通知邀请函等实用文本。
这类
作文需要考生掌握一定的格式和语言规范。
6. 故事续写Story Continuation考生需要根据给定的故事开头继续创作故事的发展
和结局。
7. 看图作文Picturebased Writing考生需要根据所提供的图片内容发挥想象力写出与图片相关的作文。
8. 图表作文Chartbased Writing考生需要根据图表中的数据或信息写出分析或解释
性的文章。
9. 提纲作文Outlinebased Writing考生根据给出的提纲扩展成一篇完整的作文。
10. 开放性作文Openended Writing这类作文给考生较大的自由度可以根据自己的理解和想象来写作。
每种类型的作文都有其特定的写作技巧和结构要求考生在准备中考英语作文时应该熟悉这些类型并练习各种类型的写作。
Argumentative writing大学英语议论文写作
Verb tense/type
Many
students use progressive verbs where they shouldn’t i.e. ‚I’m a student graduating from…‛ correct would be, ‚I have recently graduated from…‛ Or, in 2009, I graduated from‛ or ‚I am a graduate of the prestigious SCNU…‛ ‚I am interesting in teaching middle school‛. Here interesting is used as a quality rather than an action.
Appeals to the reader
of all, I should express my deep apology for taking up your vital time‛ ‚I would really appreciate it if you consider my application carefully and give me a surprise!‛ ‚I hope you can give me this precious chance to do justice to myself‛ ‚When getting the news that your school is finding a right person to be responsible for English teaching, I was pleased beyond description, because I think I may be the suitable person who you have found.‛
英语作文主要考哪几种作文
英语作文主要考哪几种作文英语作文考试通常包括以下几种类型：1. 叙述性作文 (Narrative Writing)- 叙述性作文要求学生讲述一个故事或事件。
这种类型的作文通常包括时间、地点、人物、事件和结果。
- 例如：描述一个难忘的旅行经历。
2. 描述性作文 (Descriptive Writing)- 描述性作文要求学生详细描述一个场景、人物、物品或情感。
这种作文强调使用感官细节和形容词来创造生动的画面。
- 例如：描述你最喜欢的季节。
3. 议论文 (Argumentative Writing)- 议论文要求学生就某个话题表达自己的观点，并提供支持性的论据和理由。
- 例如：讨论社交媒体对青少年的影响。
4. 说明文 (Expository Writing)- 说明文要求学生解释一个概念、过程或事物。
这种作文通常用于教育或信息传递。
- 例如：解释全球变暖的原因和影响。
5. 比较和对比作文 (Comparative and Contrastive Writing)- 这种类型的作文要求学生比较两个或多个对象、概念或观点，并指出它们的相似之处和不同之处。
- 例如：比较和对比城市生活与乡村生活。
6. 故事续写 (Story Continuation)- 故事续写要求学生根据给定的故事开头，继续创作故事的后续情节。
- 例如：续写一个关于未来世界的科幻故事。
7. 应用文 (Applied Writing)- 应用文包括信件、电子邮件、报告、简历等，这些文本类型在实际生活中有特定的用途。
- 例如：写一封求职信或一封正式的邀请函。
8. 创意写作 (Creative Writing)- 创意写作鼓励学生发挥想象力，创作诗歌、短篇小说或剧本等。
- 例如：写一首关于自然美景的诗歌。
每种类型的作文都有其特定的结构和写作技巧，学生在准备英语作文时，应熟悉这些类型，并练习相应的写作技巧。
地道英语写作教程(上册)-unit 9 argumentative writing(张文娟)
• An implicit thesis statement • Weak reasoning and abrupt generalization
Chinese vs. English essays
2. Subjectivity vs. objectivity
Rational thinking and objective expression are advocated in English argumentative essays.
compare your ideas with the authors.
Types of argumentative
Topic 1: exams and grading
Education authorities have long taken examination as an effective way to evaluate students’ academic performance while some people hold that grading actually have bad effects on both learning and teaching, what do you think?
Argumentative writing refers to such type of writing that aims at making certain ideas clear, presenting evidence and persuading reader to accept it or to Take an action.
Types of argumentative
Topic 2: on Internet
英语作文12类型归纳
英语作文12类型归纳英语作文是学习英语的重要组成部分，通过写作可以提高语言表达能力和思维逻辑能力。
在英语作文中，有许多不同的类型，每种类型都有其独特的特点和写作要求。
下面将对英语作文的12种常见类型进行归纳和介绍。
1. 说明文（Expository Writing）说明文主要是对某个事物、现象或概念进行解释和阐述。
它通常包括定义、分类、比较、举例等方法来说明问题，目的是使读者理解和掌握所讲述的内容。
2. 议论文（Argumentative Writing）议论文是对某个观点或问题进行阐述和辩论。
写作时需要提供充分的论据和证据来支持自己的观点，并对可能的反对意见进行反驳。
同时，还要注意逻辑严密和语言流畅。
3. 描述文（Descriptive Writing）描述文主要是对人、地点、事物等进行生动、详细的描写。
通过使用形象化的语言和丰富的细节，使读者能够感受到作者所描绘的事物。
4. 叙事文（Narrative Writing）叙事文是通过讲述一个故事来表达观点或传达信息。
它包括故事的开头、发展、高潮和结尾，需要注意情节的连贯性和人物形象的刻画。
5. 说明过程文（Process Writing）说明过程文主要是对某个过程进行解释和阐述。
它通常按照时间顺序或步骤来叙述，目的是使读者能够理解并掌握所描述的过程。
6. 比较文（Comparison Writing）比较文是对两个或多个事物进行比较和对比。
写作时需要列举事物的相似之处和不同之处，并给出自己的观点和结论。
7. 说明原因文（Cause and Effect Writing）说明原因文主要是分析某个现象或事件的原因和结果。
写作时需要明确事件的起因和结果，并进行合理的解释和推理。
8. 问题解决文（Problem-Solution Writing）问题解决文是对某个问题进行分析和解决方案的提出。
写作时需要明确问题的本质和原因，并提供切实可行的解决方案。
9. 争论文（Debate Writing）争论文是对某个争论话题进行辩论和讨论。
英语作文写作方式有几种
英语作文写作方式有几种In English writing, there are several approaches to composition, each with its own distinctive characteristics and purposes. These approaches include narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive, and argumentative writing. Let's explore each of them:1. Narrative Writing:Narrative writing tells a story or recounts a series of events. It often includes characters, setting, plot, and dialogue. The purpose of narrative writing is to entertainor inform the reader about a particular experience or sequence of events. This type of writing can be found in novels, short stories, autobiographies, and personal essays.2. Descriptive Writing:Descriptive writing vividly portrays a person, place, object, or experience using sensory details such as sight,sound, smell, taste, and touch. The goal of descriptive writing is to create a clear and vivid image in thereader's mind. Descriptive writing is commonly used in poetry, travel writing, and descriptive essays.3. Expository Writing:Expository writing explains or informs the reader about a specific topic or subject. It presents facts, statistics, examples, and analysis in a clear and organized manner. The purpose of expository writing is to educate, explain, or clarify a concept or idea. Examples of expository writing include textbooks, newspaper articles, scientific reports, and how-to guides.4. Persuasive Writing:Persuasive writing aims to convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint or take a specific action. It presents arguments, evidence, and reasoning to persuade the reader to agree with the writer's opinion or stance on an issue. Persuasive writing is often used in advertising,speeches, editorials, and opinion essays.5. Argumentative Writing:Argumentative writing presents a claim or thesis statement and supports it with evidence, reasoning, and counterarguments. The writer takes a position on a controversial issue and defends it using logical arguments and persuasive techniques. The purpose of argumentative writing is to persuade the reader to accept the writer's viewpoint or position. Argumentative writing is commonly found in academic essays, debates, legal briefs, and opinion columns.Each of these approaches to writing has its own unique style, structure, and language features. By understanding the characteristics of each type of writing, writers can effectively communicate their ideas and engage their readers in different ways.。
英语二作文有几种
英语二作文有几种在英语教学中，英语作文通常被分为几个不同的类型，以帮助学生理解不同写作任务的要求。
以下是一些常见的英语作文类型：1. Narrative Writing (叙述性写作)叙述性写作要求学生讲述一个故事或事件。
这种类型的作文通常包括人物、地点、时间和情节发展。
2. Descriptive Writing (描述性写作)描述性写作要求学生详细描述一个场景、物品或人物。
它强调使用感官细节来帮助读者在心中形成画面。
3. Expository Writing (说明性写作)说明性写作用于解释或阐述一个概念、过程或主题。
它通常包括定义、分类、比较和对比。
4. Persuasive Writing (说服性写作)说服性写作旨在说服读者接受作者的观点或采取某种行动。
这种类型的作文需要逻辑论证和情感诉求。
5. Argumentative Writing (论证性写作)论证性写作要求学生提出一个论点，并提供支持该论点的证据和理由。
它需要批判性思维和有效的论证技巧。
6. Reflective Writing (反思性写作)反思性写作要求学生思考并表达个人的经历、感受和想法。
它通常用于个人成长和自我认识。
7. Comparative Writing (比较性写作)比较性写作涉及比较两个或更多的对象、概念或观点，以展示它们的相似之处和不同之处。
8. Analytical Writing (分析性写作)分析性写作要求学生深入研究一个主题或文本，识别其组成部分，并分析它们之间的关系。
9. Creative Writing (创意写作)创意写作鼓励学生发挥想象力，创作故事、诗歌或剧本等原创作品。
10. Process Writing (过程写作)过程写作描述一个过程或一系列步骤，通常用于说明如何完成一个任务或活动。
每种类型的作文都有其特定的结构和写作技巧，教师在教学中会根据学生的年龄和能力水平，逐步引导他们掌握这些技能。
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Argumentativewriting
With the deepening of reform and wider opening to the outside world, technology is becoming more and more advanced and more and more people are inclined to online shopping. Inevitably, online shopping has its own shortcomings, such as its low speed and no guarantee of quality. But I still want to say that I prefer online shopping because of its convenience and lower price.
As the pace of life speed up, people find it difficult to find a whole day or even a whole afternoon to shopping in traditional retailer stores. It really costs too much time. They would rather stay at home to have a rest or attend a party to make acquaintance ofmore people. So just kick the mouse in any time at any places, and you can get what you need. How convenient it is! What’s more, without paying rents and decoration, online shopkeepers tend to cut down the prices of their goods to attract more consumers. So you can get a product with high quality and reasonable price after your careful selection by online shopping.
With all these reasons being contemplated, I think the advantages of online shopping carry more weight than disadvantages. Since more and more are involved in online shopping, I believe that it will be more fair and harmonious soon after.
评价：1.文章结构明晰，理由充分；
2. 基本无语法错误，行文流畅；
3. 个别词语的使用应当加以斟酌。
Guided Peer Review Sheet for a Position Argument
This sheet is for the peer-reviewers to use. Please put the names of the writer and the reviewer on the blanks provided, and write your evaluation over each criteria below by providing the following points: 3 for high pass, 2 for pass, 1 for low pass, 0 for no pass. Calculate the total and put the total points in the corresponding blank.
Writer: 郑青青Reviewer: 徐星Total points: 41
1. The title more effectively focuses the paper and piques interest.0
2. The topic is debatable.3
3. The essay contains an argumentative thesis statement in the introduction.3
4. The terms used in the argument have been defined adequately.2
5. The opinions, attitudes and values of the audience have been considered.3
6. The counterarguments have been identified and treated even-handedly.3
7. There is sufficient credible evidence for the assertions.3
8. The writer’s credibility has been established.3
9. There is sound reasoning to help the reader understand the position. 3
10. There is no logical fallacy in arguments.3
11. The essay structure is appropriate for the task and audience.3
12. The points are clearly presented and logically organized.3
13. There is sufficient signposting to support the argument structure.3
14. The conclusion is strong and reflective.3
15. The voice is thoughtful, measured, convincing and knowledgeable.3
16. The essay contains precise words and a variety of sentence structures.3
17. The copy follows rules of grammar, format, and documentation.2
修改后：
With the deepening of reform and wider opening to the outside world, technology is becoming more and more advanced and a growing number of people are inclined to online shopping. Inevitably, online shopping has its own shortcomings, such as its low speed and no guarantee of quality. But I still want to say that I prefer online shopping because of its convenience and lower prices.
As the pace of life speed up, people find it difficult to find a whole day or even a whole afternoon to shop in traditional retailer stores. It really costs too much time. They would rather stay at home to have a rest or attend a party to make the acquaintance ofmore people. So just kick the mouse in any time at any places, and you can get what you need. How convenient it is! What’s more, without paying forrents and decoration, online shopkeepers tend to cut down the prices of their goods to attract more consumers. So you can get a product with high quality and reasonable price after your careful selection by online shopping.
With all these reasons being contemplated, I think the advantages of online shopping carry more weight than disadvantages. Since more and more are involved in online shopping, I believe that it will be more harmonious soon after.。