2018年上海崇明区高三一模试题(附答案)
上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试数学试题含答案
2018年上海市崇明县高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，其中1-6题每题4分，7-12题每题5分）1．已知集合A={1，2，5}，B={2，a}，若A∪B={1，2，3，5}，则a= ．2．抛物线y2=4x的焦点坐标为．3．不等式＜0的解是．4．若复数z满足iz=1+i（i为虚数单位），则z= ．5．在代数式（x﹣）7的展开式中，一次项的系数是．（用数字作答）6．若函数y=2sin（ωx﹣）+1（ω＞0）的最小正周期是π，则ω= ．7．（5分）若函数f（x）=x a的反函数的图象经过点（，），则a= ．8．（5分）将一个正方形绕着它的一边所在的直线旋转一周，所得几何体的体积为27πcm3，则该几何体的侧面积为cm2．9．（5分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，当x＜0 时，f（x）=2x﹣ax，且f（2）=2，则a= ．10．（5分）若无穷等比数列{a n}的各项和为S n，首项 a1=1，公比为a﹣，且S n=a，则a= ．11．（5分）从5男3女共8名学生中选出队长1人，副队长1人，普通队员2人组成 4人志愿者服务队，要求服务队中至少有 1 名女生，共有种不同的选法．（用数字作答）12．（5分）在ABC中，BC边上的中垂线分别交BC，AC于点D，E．若?=6，||=2，则AC= ．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）13．（5分）展开式为ad﹣bc的行列式是（）A．B．C．D．14．（5分）设a，b∈R，若a＞b，则（）A．＜B．lga＞lgb C．sin a＞sin b D．2a＞2b15．（5分）已知等差数列{a n}的公差为d，前n项和为S n，则“d＞0”是“Ｓ4+S6＞2S5”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充分必要条件 D．既不充分也不必要条件16．（5分）直线x=2与双曲线﹣y2=1的渐近线交于A，B两点，设P为双曲线上任一点，若=a+b（a，b∈R，O为坐标原点），则下列不等式恒成立的是（）A．a2+b2≥1 B．|ab|≥1 C．|a+b|≥1 D．|a﹣b|≥2三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）17．（14分）如图，长方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，AB=BC=2，A1C与底面ABCD所成的角为60°，（1）求四棱锥A1﹣ABCD的体积；（2）求异面直线A1B与 B1D1所成角的大小．18．（14分）已知f（x）=2sinxcosx+2cos2x﹣1．（1）求f（x）的最大值及该函数取得最大值时x的值；（2）在△ABC 中，a，b，c分别是角 A，B，C所对的边，若a=，b=，且f（）=，求边c的值．19．（14分）2016 年崇明区政府投资 8 千万元启动休闲体育新乡村旅游项目．规划从 2017 年起，在今后的若干年内，每年继续投资 2 千万元用于此项目.2016 年该项目的净收入为5 百万元，并预测在相当长的年份里，每年的净收入均为上一年的基础上增长50%．记 2016 年为第 1 年，f （n）为第 1 年至此后第 n （n∈N*）年的累计利润（注：含第 n 年，累计利润=累计净收入﹣累计投入，单位：千万元），且当 f （n）为正值时，认为该项目赢利．（1）试求 f （n）的表达式；（2）根据预测，该项目将从哪一年开始并持续赢利？请说明理由．20．（16分）在平面直角坐标系中，已知椭圆C：+y2=1 （a＞0，a≠1）的两个焦点分别是F1，F2，直线l：y=kx+m（k，m∈R）与椭圆交于A，B两点．。
崇明2018届高三英语一模答案
崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试英语参考答案及评分标准I. Listening Comprehension（共25分。
第1至10小题，每题1分；第11至20小题，每题1.5分。
）1. C2. B3. B4. A5. C6. D7. A8. D9. D 10. A11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. AII. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
每小题1分。
）21. It 22. in/during which 23. whether/if 24. as/when/while 25. looking26. could 27. on 28. has drawn 29. that 30. to find31. E 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. J 36. G 37. A 38. K 39. F 40. HIII. Reading Comprehension（共45分。
第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。
）41. D 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A51. B 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. B61. D 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. A 66. D 67. C 68. F 69. B 70. DIV. Summary Writing（共10分）Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with评分标准：1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
上海市崇明县高三一模化学试卷及答案-word文档资料
2018届上海市崇明县高三一模化学试卷及答案上海市崇明县2018届高三上学期期末考试(一模)化学试题(考试时间120分钟，满分150分，请将答案填写在答题纸上)本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Sn-119第I卷(共66分)一、选择题(本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项)1、有关物质的使用不涉及化学变化的是……………………………………………………()A.明矾用作净水剂B.液氨用作致冷剂C.漂粉精作消Du剂D.生石灰作干燥剂2、反应过程中固体物质质量增加的是………………………………………………………()A.氨气通过无水氯化钙粉末B.氢气通过灼热的氧化铜粉末C.铝与氧化铁发生铝热反应D.将锌粒投入到硝酸铜溶液中3、对同温同压下的两种气体和的有关比较正确的是…………………………()A.质量相等时所含质子数相等B.体积不相等时密度有可能相等C.体积相等时所含电子数相等D.原子数相等时所含中子数相等4、具有防腐作用的甲醛………………………………………………………………………()A.分子中共有12个电子B.能发生加聚反应C.难溶于水易溶于酒精D.比例模型为：5、实验室中不同的试剂有不同的保存方法，下列保存方法中不正确的是………………()A.保存硫酸亚铁溶液需加入铁钉和少量硫酸B.金属钠保存在装有煤油的玻璃塞广口瓶中C.溴化银固体保存在棕色玻璃塞的广口瓶中D.保存浓硝酸需用带橡皮塞子的棕色细口瓶二、选择题(本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项)6、下列溶液在通入二氧化硫时都会褪色，其中一定能显示二氧化硫的漂白性的是……()A.溴水B.品红溶液C.酸性高锰酸钾溶液D.滴入酚酞的氢氧化钠溶液7、室温时，两个容积相同的烧瓶中分别盛有M和N两种气体(同温同压)，取下弹簧夹A，使两烧瓶内的气体充分混合后，容器内的压强由大到小的顺序是………………………()A.②④①③B.①②③④C.④①②③D.①④③②8、Na2O2、CaC2都是离子化合物，都能与水反应放出气体。
2018年上海市崇明区高考语文一模试卷-教师用卷
2018年上海市崇明区高考语文一模试卷副标题一、选择题（本大题共2小题，共6.0分）1.他乡偶遇多年未见好友，以下句子最适合．．．表达此时情感的一项是（）A. 人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇B. 人生所贵在知己，四海相逢骨肉亲C. 鱼沈雁杳天涯路，始信人间别离苦D. 桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯【答案】B【解析】A．人生如果都像初次相遇那般相处该多美好，那样就不会有现在的离别相思凄凉之苦了，用于表达离别之时，不符合。
B．人生最可贵的事情是能得到知己，萍水相逢也能比骨肉还亲，用于表达他乡偶遇多年未见好友的亲切之情，正确。
C．离开了好久好远什么消息都得不到了才相信人世间有一种痛苦叫别离，用于伤离别，不符合。
D．一别已是十年，常对着孤灯听着秋雨思念着你，表达对友人的思念，不符合。
故选：B。
考查表达得体，要准确理解诗句含义，结合语境准确辨析。
要广泛阅读积累，深入理解诗句含义，掌握诗句表达的思想感情。
2.填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）其实每种学问都有长久的历史，_____，提出过种种不同的解答，你必须明白这些经过，才可以利用前人的收获，免得绕弯子甚至于走错路。
A. 许多人都曾经思虑过、讨论过其中每一个问题B. 其中每一个问题曾经许多人都思虑过，讨论过C. 其中每一个问题都曾经许多人思虑过，讨论过D. 许多人对其中每一个问题都曾思虑过，讨论过【答案】C【解析】文段阐明：必须明白每种学问的经过，才可以利用前人的收获。
空白处上文的陈述对象是“学问”，从保持陈述对象一致性的角度可选B项或C项，排除AD两项。
比较BC两项，“曾经许多人都”强调的是过去有“许多人”思考过，而“都曾经许多人”强调的是“问题”曾经经过许多人的思考，再联系下文的“解答”，可确定答案应为“强调‘问题’”的C项。
故选：C。
本题考查语言表达简明、连贯、得体的能力，能力层级为表达运用E。
解答时，首先通读文段，把握文意，分析语境，判断空格处内容与前后文的衔接；然后分析选项所给句子，辨明其间的逻辑关系；解答过程中还要抓住关联词等关键性词语分析判断语句的衔接。
版上海崇明区高三一模试题附答案
2018年崇明县高三一模语文试题一累积应用10分按要求填空。
（5分）1）________________________，双照泪痕干。
（杜甫《月夜》）（2）不该有恨， ________________________？（苏轼《》）（3）王夫之《姜寨诗话》说：“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐”《诗经.采薇》中“以哀景写乐”的两句是“________________________，”。
2.按要求选择（5分）（1）异乡偶遇多年未见挚友，以下句子最合适表达此时感情的一项为哪一项（）（2分）A.人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。
B.人生所贵在知音，四海相遇骨血亲。
C.鱼沈雁杳天涯路，始信人间分离苦。
D.桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。
（2）填入下边语段空白处的词句，最合适的—项是（ . ）（3分）其实每种学识都有长远的历史，，提出过各种不一样的解答，你一定理解这些经过，才能够利用古人的收获，省得绕弯子甚至于走错路。
很多人都以前思虑过、议论过此中每一个问题此中每一个问题以前很多人都思虑过，议论过此中每一个问题都以前很多人思虑过，议论过很多人对此中每一个问题都曾思虑过，议论过二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，达成3-7题。
（16分）文学社会学的“摆渡”罗时进①中国古代诗文，从先秦到唐宋是各样文体的萌发、成长、形成阶段；明清诗文自然也有成长，甚至出现显性的发展，但这类发展是与回溯、总结相伴的。
也正因为这样，诗文二体迄于唐宋，内部构造方面的问题好多，而至明清则外面关系问题更为突出。
固然，几乎所有称之为“外面关系”方面的问题在唐宋以致先唐时代都有，但显然不如明清时代那样全面集中、高度表现，这难免令人好奇。
而正如文学内部构造拥有有关性相同，外面关系问题之丛生常常表现为两种形态：一是链式的，一是树形的。
前者是问题套连着问题，后者是主要问题旁生出诸多问题。
1哈佛北大精英创办将诸多“外面”关系梳理清楚，会多罕有些隔靴搔痒。
2017-2018届上海市崇明县高三上学期第一次高考模拟考试（一模）英语试题及答案
2017-2018届上海市崇明县高三上学期第一次高考模拟考试（一模）英语试题及答案崇明县2017-2018学年第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Wednesday. B. Friday. C. Sunday.D. Tuesday.2. A. By subway. B. By taxi. C. In Richard’s car. D. On Jerry’s train.3. A. Boss and secretary. B. Guest and hotel staff.C. Tourist and tour guide.D.Customer and shop assistant.4. A. In a clinic. B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.D. In a ice-cream shop.5. A. She doesn’t like going outside. B. The man should study now.C. She doesn’t want to study now.D. The man should take some exercise.6.A. A journalist. B. An artist. C. A teacher. D. An economist.7. A. He may dislike travelling. B. He may like to travel in other seasons.C. He may be unable to afford the trip.D. He may prefer to travel to other places.8. A. The way of spending time wisely. B. The trouble of keeping clocks going.C. The number of clocks the man has.D. The reason for the man’s having many clocks.9. A. The Edwards are quite well-off.B. It’ll be unwise fo r the Edwards to buy another house.C. The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.D. It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident.B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.C. The man wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.D. The man’s daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.C. The way of forming a habit.D. The possibility of excising regularly.12. A. Walking needs much thinking.B. Walking improves people’s memory.C. Walking is suitable for almost everyone.D. Walking helps people concentrate on other things.13. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It should be made part of people’s life.C. It can make people’s heart stronger.D. It prevents people suffering from cancer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A way to get special rewards from project owners.B. A formal project that can get funded on Kickstarter.C. A special website helping creative projects find support.D. A story about Mozart’s seeking supporters for his concerts.。
崇明2018届高三英语一模试卷和答案
崇明区 2018 届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间 120 分钟，满分 140 分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2.A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3.A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4.A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5.A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6.A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7.A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to reschedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8.A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9.A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10.A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B.The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C.The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D.She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful t est of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.高三英语共 14页第 1页12.A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13.A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15.A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16.A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B.Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C.Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D.Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18.A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19.A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20.A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B.The class teacher was not generous enough.C.The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D.The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23) she was really pregnant.Finally, (24) April was pacing in her pen ( 畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s ( 蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25) (look) around confusedly. The calf ( 幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26) not. An hour later, it was (27) its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy.高三英语共 14页第 2页“After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,” said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28) (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29) April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30) (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds World’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not chea p, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the 36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead ( 间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience –placing an oversized coin in a slot ( 硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.高三英语共 14页第 3页III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they a ctually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion ( 肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US – commissioned by skincare firm Olay –guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly.A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth ( 谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just dr inking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’ It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t t ake into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 –and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospect D. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care高三英语共 14页第 4页45.A. age B. trouble C. scenic D. weak46.A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting47.A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory48.A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept49.A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious50.A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial51.A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle52.A. beauty B. water C. skin D. sun53.A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance54.A. product B. research C. approach D. sample55.A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strictSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated (动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette (剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona高三英语共 14页第 5页and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing (票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.56.The passage is mainly about the of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57.Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American a nimation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58.It can be learned from the passage that .A.Disney played a very important role in promoting animationputers make animated characters more lovelyC.Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD.clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59.What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A.Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B.Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C.Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D.Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）高三英语共 14页第 6页60.The above information is mainly intended for .A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61.People are not permitted to bring onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62.What can be learned from the above information?A.Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B.Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C.Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D.One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.高三英语共 14页第 7页（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention ( 干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a p rofessor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, w ho serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s findings are m eaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63.Fast Track is aimed to .A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64.Neil Bernstein thinks that .A.empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB.the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his work高三英语共 14页第 8页C.empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD.self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65.What can be learned from the passage?A.It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B.Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C.The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D.Adolescence is the most critica l stage in a person’s life.66.What does the passage mainly tell us?A.Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B.Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C.Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D.Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtractionproblems.E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve mathproblems differently.F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear thatthe number system is based on units of 10.The Best Language for MathWhat’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” –spoken with the “ten” first.68English number words over 10 d on’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens高三英语共 14页第 9页reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction ( 减法). 69It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70 Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue,all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator ( 现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gi ft.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.高三英语共 14页第 10页V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73.我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。
2018年崇明区高考化学一模
843崇明区 2018 届第一次高考模拟考试试卷化 学可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 O-16 S-32 Fe-56 Cu-64一、选择题（每小题 2 分，共 40 分,每题只有一个正确选项） 1．漂粉精的有效成分是A ．Ca (ClO) 2B ．CaCl 2C ．NaClOD ．KClO2．歼-20 将 209 Po 涂于表面以屏蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。
该 Po(钋)原子核外电子数是A ．42B ．84C ．125D ．2093．以下离子中，半径最大的是A ． NaB ． KC ． S 2D ． Cl4．在 CH 3COONa 溶液中离子浓度最大的是A ． HB ． OHC ． CH COOD ． Na5．在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A ．捣碎块状固体B ．转移引流液体C ．蘸取少量溶液D ．搅拌加速溶解6．氮化硅（Si 3N 4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，氮化硅属于A ．离子晶体B ．分子晶体C ．金属晶体D ．原子晶体7．在CuSO 4·5H 2O 晶体中A ．存在水分子B ．没有极性键C ．只有离子键D ．含有金属键8．室温下，将小苏打投入足量水中，下列过程不会发生的是A ．溶解B ．分解C ．电离D ．水解9．有关硫和氯及其化合物性质的比较，不能用元素周期律解释的是A ．半径：S ＞ClB ．非金属性：S ＜ClC ．酸性：H 2S ＜HClD ．稳定性：H 2S ＜HCl10．按照有机物的命名规则，下列命名正确的是A ．3-乙基己烷B ．2-乙基戊烷C ．1,2-二甲基丁烷D ．4-甲基戊烷11．下列转化过程不可能通过一步反应实现的是A ．Al(OH)3→Al 2O 3B ．Al 2O 3→Al(OH)3C ．Al→AlCl 3D ．Al→NaAlO 23312．用石墨电极电解 CuCl2 溶液的装置如右图所示，下列关于该装置的分析正确的是A．a 电极表面析出红色固体B．a 电极表面产生无色气体C．b 电极上发生还原反应D．b 电极的质量保持不变13．某元素的相对原子质量的计算式为： 34.969 75.77% 36.966 24.23% 35.453 ，下列说法错误的是A．该元素有两种同位素B．75.77%是某同位素的丰度C．35.453 是该元素的平均相对原子质量D．36.966 表示某同位素的质量数14．炭和水蒸气反应生成 1 mol H2 和 1 mol CO，吸收 131.3KJ 热量,该反应的热化学方程式是A．C(s) + H2O(l) → H2(g) + CO(g)－131.3KJB．C(s) + H2O(g) → H2(g) + CO(g)－131.3KJ C．C(s) + H2O(g) → H2(g) +CO(g) + 131.3KJ D．C(s) + H2O(l) →H2(g) + CO(g) + 131.3KJ15．以下工业上或实验室中“反应／催化剂”的关系不符合事实的是A．氨催化氧化／三氧化二铬B．乙醇氧化／铜C．合成氨／铁触媒D．二氧化硫氧化／铂铑合金16．某学生在实验室抽取乙酸丁酯（已知乙酸丁酯的沸点124～126 ℃，反应温度115～125 ℃），其反应装置应选择17．CH3COOH 溶液与 NaHCO3 溶液反应的离子方程式正确的是A． H+ HCO → H2O + CO2↑B．2CH3COOH + CO 2→ H2O + CO2↑ + 2CH COO3 3C．CH3COOH + HCO → H2O + CO2↑ + CH COO3 3D．2H+ CO 2→ H2O + CO2↑水水A B C D18．洁厕灵与 84 消毒液混合会产生氯气：2HCl + NaClO → NaCl + Cl 2↑ + H 2O ，下列说法错误的是A ．NaClO 作氧化剂B ． n 氧化剂 : n 还原剂1:2C ．氧化性：NaClO > Cl 2D ．Cl 2 既是氧化产物又是还原产物19．在密闭容器中，反应 X(g) + 2Y(g)2Z(g) + W(s)达到平衡后，若将容器体积扩大一倍，对反应产生的影响是 A ． v (正) 减小， v (逆) 增大B ． v (正) 增大， v (逆) 减小C ． v (正) 、v (逆) 都减小D ． v (正) 、v (逆) 都增大20．室温下，0.1 mol 下列物质分别与 1 L 0.2mol/L NaOH 溶液反应，所得溶液 pH 最小的是A ．SO 3B ．CO 2C ．Al 2O 3D ．SO 2二、综合题（共 60 分）（一）（本题共 16 分）碳元素广泛存在于自然界中,对人类生命和生活具有重要意义。
上海崇明区2018年高三一模 英语.
崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to resc hedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.高三英语共13页第1页12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen(畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy.高三英语共13页第2页“After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,”said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the 36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick u p their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience –placing an oversized coin in a slot(硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.高三英语共13页第3页III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual confer ence will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US – commissioned by skincare firm Olay –guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology(皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 –and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 bas is.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospect D. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care高三英语共13页第4页45. A. age B. trouble C. scenic D. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skin D. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance54. A. product B. research C. approach D. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strictSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated (动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette (剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona高三英语共13页第5页and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing (票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the ac tors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）高三英语共13页第6页60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.高三英语共13页第7页（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kennet h Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s fi ndings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his work高三英语共13页第8页C. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Best Language for MathWhat’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one”– spoken with the “ten” first.68English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens高三英语共13页第9页reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70 Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!”On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.高三英语共13页第10页V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。
5 2018届崇明县高三英语一模(作文有范文)
崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to resc hedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_________ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_________ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_________ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_________ not. An hour later, it was (27)_________ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. “After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,” said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_________ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_________ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_________ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. price H. mirroring I. branching J. virtual K. buyingCompany Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re int erested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the 36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatolog y’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay – guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’ It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 –and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospect D. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care45. A. age B. trouble C. scenic D. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skin D. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance54. A. product B. research C. approach D. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strictSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated (动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette (剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the firstAmerican full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing (票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers.General Information:▪People with disabilities –can be accommodated on most excursion trains, including a limited number of wheelchairs. Please phone to check availability.Easy access toilets are at Belgrave, Lakeside and Gembrook.▪Refreshments and souvenirs – are available at most stations.▪Railway Tracks – standing and walking on the tracks is not permitted.▪Prams (婴儿车) – only folding or narrow type prams can be accommodated through the narrow carriage doors.▪Smoking – is not permitted on the train or under any roofed areas.▪Assistance Dogs certified by a registered authority – are the only dogs allowed on the train and must be kept on lead at all times.▪Alcohol – is not permitted on trains (except as provided in dining cars).▪Toilets –are located at each station. Parenting rooms are located at Belgrave, Lakeside & Gembrook.▪Photographs and videos –for personal use are permitted. Wedding photography and any use, re-use or reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission. Conditions:▪Concession fares (优惠票价) are available to Australian bearers of Health Care, Student, Seniors, Companion or Pensioner cards. (Exclude evening dining and events). Your signature may be required on day of travel for verification purposes.▪Children under 4 years, not occupying a seat, are carried FREE on excursion trains only, excluding special events and dining trains.▪Discounts are available for pre-booked group travel (20 or more) on a return journey, except on Sundays, public holidays and school holidays.▪All trains are steam-driven unless a diesel locomotive(柴油机车) is required in exceptional circumstances.▪First Class Travel return journeys are on appointed trains only.60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kid s. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problemsdifferently.F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the numbersystem is based on units of 10.The Best Language for MathWhat’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries._______67________ Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one”– spoken with the “ten” first. _______68________ English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). _______69________It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. _______70________Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________。
2018届崇明区高考化学一模
崇明区 2018 届第一次高考模拟考试一试卷化学可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1C-12O-16S-32Fe-56Cu-64一、选择题（每题 2 分，共40 分 ,每题只有一个正确选项）1．漂粉精的有效成分是A ． Ca (ClO)2B ． CaCl 2C． NaClO D ． KClO2092．歼 -20将84Po涂于表面以障蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。
该Po(钋 )原子核外电子数是A．42B． 84C． 125D． 2093．以下离子中，半径最大的是A ． Na B． K C． S2D． Cl4．在 CH 3 COONa 溶液中离子浓度最大的是A ． H B． OH C． CH 3COO D ． Na5．在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A ．捣碎块状固体B ．转移引流液体C．蘸取少许溶液 D ．搅拌加速溶解6．氮化硅（ Si N ）是一种新式的耐高温耐磨资料，氮化硅属于34A ．离子晶体B ．分子晶体C．金属晶体 D ．原子晶体7．在 CuSO ·5H O 晶体中42A ．存在水分子B ．没有极性键C．只有离子键 D ．含有金属键8．室温下，将小苏打投入足量水中，以下过程不会发生的是A ．溶解B ．分解C．电离D．水解9．有关硫和氯及其化合物性质的比较，不可以用元素周期律解说的是A ．半径： S＞ ClB ．非金属性： S＜ ClC．酸性： H 2S＜HCl D．牢固性： H2S＜HCl10．依据有机物的命名规则，以下命名正确的选项是A ． 3-乙基己烷B ． 2-乙基戊烷C．1,2-二甲基丁烷 D ．4-甲基戊烷11．以下转变过程不行能经过一步反应实现的是A ．Al(OH) 3→ Al 2O3B ．Al 2O3→ Al(OH) 3C． Al → AlCl 3D． Al → NaAlO 212．用石墨电极电解CuCl 2溶液的装置如右图所示，以下关于该装置的解析正确的选项是A ． a 电极表面析出红色固体B． a 电极表面产生无色气体C． b 电极上发生还原反应D ．b 电极的质量保持不变13．某元素的相对原子质量的计算式为：34.969 75.77% 36.966 24.23% 35.453 ，以下说法错误的选项是A．该元素有两种同位素B． 75.77%是某同位素的丰度C． 35.453 是该元素的均匀相对原子质量D． 36.966 表示某同位素的质量数14．炭和水蒸气反应生成 1 mol H 2和 1 mol CO ，汲取 131.3KJ 热量 ,该反应的热化学方程式是A ． C(s) + H2O(l)→ 2H(g) + CO(g)－B ．C(s) + H 2O(g)→ H2(g) + CO(g)－C．C(s) + H 2O(g)→ H2D ．C(s) + H 2O(l)→ 215．以下工业上或实验室中“反应／催化剂”的关系不吻合事实的是A ．氨催化氧化／三氧化二铬B．乙醇氧化／铜C．合成氨／铁触媒D．二氧化硫氧化／铂铑合金16．某学生在实验室抽取乙酸丁酯（已知乙酸丁酯的沸点124～ 126℃，反应温度115～ 125）℃，其反应装置应选择水水A B C D17． CH 3COOH 溶液与 NaHCO 3溶液反应的离子方程式正确的选项是3 →H2O+CO 2A． H +HCO↑32→H22B． 2CH COOH + CO3O+CO↑ + 2CH COO3C． CH3COOH + HCO→ H2O + CO2↑ + CH COO33 D． 2H + CO 32→ H2O + CO2↑18．洁厕灵与 84 消毒液混杂会产生氯气：2HCl + NaClO→ NaCl + Cl↑ + HO，以下说法错误的选项是22A ．NaClO 作氧化剂B ． n氧化剂 : n还原剂 1:2C．氧化性： NaClO > Cl 2D． Cl 2既是氧化产物又是还原产物19．在密闭容器中，反应X(g) + 2Y(g)2Z(g) + W(s) 达到均衡后，若将容器体积扩大一倍，对反应产生的影响是A ． v(正)减小， v(逆)增大B ． v(正)增大， v(逆)减小C． v(正)、 v(逆)都减小 D ． v(正)、 v(逆)都增大20．室温下， 0.1 mol 以下物质分别与 1 L溶液反应，所得溶液 pH 最小的是A ．SO3B．CO2C．Al 2O3D．SO2二、综合题（共60 分）（一）（本题共 16 分）碳元素广泛存在于自然界中,对人类生命和生活拥有重要意义。
2018年上海市崇明区高考数学一模试卷
2018年上海市崇明区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，1．（4分）已知集合A={1，2，5}，B={2，a}，若A∪B={1，2，3，5}，则a=．2．（4分）抛物线y2=4x的焦点坐标为．3．（4分）不等式＜0的解是．4．（4分）若复数z满足iz=1+i（i为虚数单位），则z=．5．（4分）在代数式（x﹣）7的展开式中，一次项的系数是．（用数字作答）6．（4分）若函数y=2sin（ωx﹣）+1（ω＞0）的最小正周期是π，则ω=．7．（5分）若函数f（x）=x a的反函数的图象经过点（，），则a=．8．（5分）将一个正方形绕着它的一边所在的直线旋转一周，所得几何体的体积为27πcm3，则该几何体的侧面积为cm2．9．（5分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，当x＜0 时，f（x）=2x﹣ax，且f（2）=2，则a=．10．（5分）若无穷等比数列{a n}的各项和为S n，首项a1=1，公比为a﹣，且S n=a，则a=．11．（5分）从5男3女共8名学生中选出队长1人，副队长1人，普通队员2人组成4人志愿者服务队，要求服务队中至少有 1 名女生，共有种不同的选法．（用数字作答）12．（5分）在ABC中，BC边上的中垂线分别交BC，AC于点D，E．若•=6，||=2，则AC=．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）13．（5分）展开式为ad﹣bc的行列式是（）A．B．C．D．14．（5分）设a，b∈R，若a＞b，则（）A．＜B．lga＞lgb C．sin a＞sin b D．2a＞2b15．（5分）已知等差数列{a n}的公差为d，前n项和为S n，则“d＞0”是“S4+S6＞2S5”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充分必要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件16．（5分）直线x=2与双曲线﹣y2=1的渐近线交于A，B两点，设P为双曲线上任一点，若=a+b（a，b∈R，O为坐标原点），则下列不等式恒成立的是（）A．a2+b2≥1B．|ab|≥1C．|a+b|≥1D．|a﹣b|≥22018年上海市虹口区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）函数f（x）=lg（2﹣x）定义域为．2．（4分）已知f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，则f（﹣1）+f（0）+f（1）=．3．（4分）首项和公比均为的等比数列{a n}，S n是它的前n项和，则=．4．（4分）在△ABC中，∠A，∠B，∠C所对的边分别是a，b，c，如果a：b：c=2：3：4，那么cosC=．5．（4分）已知复数z=a+bi（a，b∈R）满足|z|=1，则a•b的范围是．6．（4分）某学生要从物理、化学、生物、政治、历史、地理这六门学科中选三门参加等级考，要求是物理、化学、生物这三门至少要选一门，政治、历史、地理这三门也至少要选一门，则该生的可能选法总数是．7．（5分）已知M、N是三棱锥P﹣ABC的棱AB、PC的中点，记三棱锥P﹣ABC 的体积为V1，三棱锥N﹣MBC的体积为V2，则等于．8．（5分）在平面直角坐标系中，双曲线的一个顶点与抛物线y2=12x的焦点重合，则双曲线的两条渐近线的方程为．9．（5分）已知y=sinx和y=cosx的图象的连续的三个交点A、B、C构成三角形△ABC，则△ABC的面积等于．10．（5分）设椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2，过焦点F1的直线交椭圆于M、N两点，若△MNF 2的内切圆的面积为π，则=．11．（5分）在△ABC中，D是BC的中点，点列P n（n∈N*）在线段AC上，且满足，若a1=1，则数列{a n}的通项公式a n=．12．（5分）设f（x）=x2+2a•x+b•2x，其中a，b∈N，x∈R，如果函数y=f（x）与函数y=f（f（x））都有零点且它们的零点完全相同，则（a，b）为．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）异面直线a和b所成的角为θ，则θ的范围是（）A．B．（0，π）C．D．（0，π]14．（5分）命题：“若x2=1，则x=1”的逆否命题为（）A．若x≠1，则x≠1或x≠﹣1B．若x=1，则x=1或x=﹣1C．若x≠1，则x≠1且x≠﹣1D．若x=1，则x=1且x=﹣115．（5分）已知函数，则f（1）+f（2）+f（3）+…+f（2017）=（）A．2017B．1513C．D．16．（5分）已知Rt△ABC中，∠A=90°，AB=4，AC=6，在三角形所在的平面内有两个动点M和N，满足，，则的取值范围是（）A．B．[4，6]C．D．2018年上海市黄浦区高考数学一模试卷一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分36分.其中第1～6题每题满分36分，第7～12题每题满分36分）1．（3分）已知全集U=R，集合，则（∁U B）∩A=．2．（3分）函数的定义域是．3．（3分）若复数z满足（i为虚数单位），则z=．4．（3分）已知sin（α+）=，α∈（﹣，0），则tanα=．5．（3分）若无穷等比数列中任意一项均等于其之后所有项的和，则其公比为．6．（3分）若函数y=a+sinx在区间[π，2π]上有且只有一个零点，则a=．7．（3分）已知向量=（x，y）（x，y∈R），=（1，2），若x2+y2=1，则|﹣|的最小值为．8．（3分）已知函数y=f（x）是奇函数，且当x≥0时，f（x）=log2（x+1）．若函数y=g（x）是y=f（x）的反函数，则g（﹣3）=．9．（3分）已知m，n，α，β∈R，m＜n，α＜β，若α，β是函数f（x）=2（x﹣m）（x﹣n）﹣7的零点，则m，n，α，β四个数按从小到大的顺序是（用符号“＜“连接起来）．10．（3分）已知点O，A，B，F分别为椭圆的中心、左顶点、上顶点、右焦点，过点F作OB的平行线，它与椭圆C在第一象限部分交于点P，若，则实数λ的值为．11．（3分）已知x∈R，定义：A（x）表示不小于x的最小整数．如，A（﹣1.1）=﹣1．若A（2x•A（x））=5，则正实数x的取值范围是．12．（3分）已知点M（m，0），m＞0和抛物线C：y2=4x．过C的焦点F的直线与C交于A，B两点，若=2，且||=||，则m=．二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分12分．）13．（3分）若x∈R，则“x＞1”是“”的（）A．充分非必要条件B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分也非必要条件14．（3分）已知向量，则下列能使成立的一组向量是（）A．B．C．D．15．（3分）一个算法的程序框图如图所示，则该程序运行后输出的值是（）A．4B．5C．6D．716．（3分）已知a1，a2，a3，a4是各项均为正数的等差数列，其公差d大于零，若线段l1，l2，l3，l4的长分别为a1，a2，a3，a4，则（）A．对任意的d，均存在以l1，l2，l3为三边的三角形B．对任意的d，均不存在以为l1，l2，l3三边的三角形C．对任意的d，均存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形D．对任意的d，均不存在以l2，l3，l4为三边的三角形2018年上海市静安区高考数学模拟试卷一、填空题（50分）本大题共有10题，要求在答题纸相应题序的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得5分，否则一律得零分．1．（5分）若复数（i是虚数单位）是纯虚数，则实数a=．2．（5分）若f（x）为R上的奇函数，当x＜0时，f（x）=log2（2﹣x），则f（0）+f（2）=．3．（5分）一个正三棱锥的四个顶点都在半径为1的球面上，其中底面的三个顶点在该球的一个大圆上，则该正三棱锥的体积是．4．（5分）如图，在菱形ABCD中，AB=1，∠DAB=60°，E为CD的中点，则的值是．5．（5分）用半径1米的半圆形薄铁皮制作圆锥型无盖容器，其容积为立方米．6．（5分）已知α为锐角，且，则sinα=．7．（5分）设函数f（x）=sin（πx），若存在x0∈（﹣1，1）同时满足以下条件：①对任意的x∈R，都有f（x）≤f（x0）成立；②x02+[f（x0）]2＜m2，则m的取值范围是．8．（5分）若不等式x2＜|x﹣1|+a的解集是区间（﹣3，3）的子集，则实数a的取值范围为．9．（5分）已知f（x）=a x﹣b（a＞0且a≠1，b∈R），g（x）=x+1，若对任意实数x均有f（x）•g（x）≤0，则的最小值为．10．（5分）如图，正方形ABCD的边长为2，O为AD的中点，射线OP从OA出发，绕着点O顺时针方向旋转至OD，在旋转的过程中，记∠AOP为x（x∈[0，π]），OP所经过正方形ABCD内的区域（阴影部分）的面积S=f（x），那么对于函数f（x）有以下三个结论：①f（）=；②任意x∈[0，]，都有f（﹣x）+f（+x）=4；③任意x1，x2∈（，π），且x1≠x2，都有＜0．其中所有正确结论的序号是．二、选择题（25分）本大题共有5题，每题都给出四个结论，其中有且只有一个结论是正确的，必须把答题纸上相应题序内的正确结论代号涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.11．（5分）“抛物线y=ax2的准线方程为y=2”是“抛物线y=ax2的焦点与双曲线的焦点重合”的（）A．充分不必要条件B．必要不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件12．（5分）已知等比数列{a n}前n项和为S n，则下列一定成立的是（）A．若a3＞0，则a2015＜0B．若a4＞0，则a2014＜0C．若a3＞0，则S2015＞0D．若a4＞0，则S2014＞013．（5分）某班班会准备从含甲、乙的6名学生中选取4人发言，要求甲、乙两人至少有一人参加，那么不同的发言顺序有（）A．336种B．320种C．192种D．144种14．（5分）已知椭圆C1，抛物线C2焦点均在x轴上，C1的中心和C2顶点均为原点O ，从每条曲线上各取两个点，将其坐标记录于表中，则C 1的左焦点到C 2的准线之间的距离为（ ）x3 ﹣24 y0 ﹣4 A ． B ． C ．1 D ．215．（5分）对于集合A ，定义了一种运算“⊕”，使得集合A 中的元素间满足条件：如果存在元素e ∈A ，使得对任意a ∈A ，都有e ⊕a=a ⊕e=a ，则称元素e 是集合A 对运算“⊕”的单位元素．例如：A=R ，运算“⊕”为普通乘法；存在1∈R ，使得对任意a ∈R ，都有1×a=a ×1=a ，所以元素1是集合R 对普通乘法的单位元素． 下面给出三个集合及相应的运算“⊕”：①A=R ，运算“⊕”为普通减法；②A={A m ×n |A m ×n 表示m ×n 阶矩阵，m ∈N *，n ∈N *}，运算“⊕”为矩阵加法； ③A={X |X ⊆M }（其中M 是任意非空集合），运算“⊕”为求两个集合的交集． 其中对运算“⊕”有单位元素的集合序号为（ ）A ．①②B ．①③C ．①②③D ．②③2018年上海市闵行区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）集合P={x |0≤x ＜3，x ∈Z }，M={x |x 2≤9}，则P ∩M= ．2．（4分）计算= ． 3．（4分）方程的根是 ． 4．（4分）已知是纯虚数（i 是虚数单位），则= ．5．（4分）已知直线l 的一个法向量是，则l 的倾斜角的大小是 ． 6．（4分）从4名男同学和6名女同学中选取3人参加某社团活动，选出的3人中男女同学都有的不同选法种数是 （用数字作答）7．（5分）在（1+2x）5的展开式中，x2项系数为（用数字作答）8．（5分）如图，在直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，∠ACB=90°，AC=4，BC=3，AB=BB1，则异面直线A1B与B1C1所成角的大小是（结果用反三角函数表示）9．（5分）已知数列{a n}、{b n}满足b n=lna n，n∈N*，其中{b n}是等差数列，且，则b1+b2+…+b1009=．10．（5分）如图，向量与的夹角为120°，，，P是以O为圆心，为半径的弧上的动点，若，则λμ的最大值是．11．（5分）已知F1、F2分别是双曲线（a＞0，b＞0）的左右焦点，过F1且倾斜角为30°的直线交双曲线的右支于P，若PF2⊥F1F2，则该双曲线的渐近线方程是．12．（5分）如图，在折线ABCD中，AB=BC=CD=4，∠ABC=∠BCD=120°，E、F分别是AB、CD的中点，若折线上满足条件的点P至少有4个，则实数k 的取值范围是．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）若空间中三条不同的直线l1、l2、l3，满足l1⊥l2，l2∥l3，则下列结论一定正确的是（）A．l1⊥l3B．l1∥l3C．l1、l3既不平行也不垂直D．l1、l3相交且垂直14．（5分）若a＞b＞0，c＜d＜0，则一定有（）A．ad＞bc B．ad＜bc C．ac＞bd D．ac＜bd15．（5分）无穷等差数列{a n}的首项为a1，公差为d，前n项和为S n（n∈N*），则“a1+d＞0”是“{S n}为递增数列”的（）条件．A．充分非必要B．必要非充分C．充要D．既非充分也非必要16．（5分）已知函数（n＜m）的值域是[﹣1，1]，有下列结论：①当n=0时，m∈（0，2]；②当时，；③当时，m∈[1，2]；④当时，m∈（n，2]；其中结论正确的所有的序号是（）A．①②B．③④C．②③D．②④2018年上海市浦东新区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）集合A={1，2，3，4}，B={1，3，5，7}，则A∩B=．2．（4分）不等式＜1的解集为．3．（4分）已知函数f（x）=2x﹣1的反函数是f﹣1（x），则f﹣1（5）=．4．（4分）已知向量，，则向量在向量的方向上的投影为．5．（4分）已知i是虚数单位，复数z满足，则|z|=．6．（4分）在（2x+1）5的二项展开式中，x3的系数是．7．（5分）某企业生产的12个产品中有10个一等品，2个二等品，现从中抽取4个产品，其中恰好有1个二等品的概率为．8．（5分）已知函数y=f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，且在[0，+∞）上增函数，若f（a+1）≤f（4），则实数a的取值范围是．9．（5分）已知等比数列前n项和为S n，则使得S n＞2018的n的最小值为．10．（5分）圆锥的底面半径为3，其侧面展开图是一个圆心角为的扇形，则此圆锥的表面积为．11．（5分）已知函数f（x）=sinωx（ω＞0），将f（x）的图象向左平移个单位得到函数g（x）的图象，令h（x）=f（x）+g（x），如果存在实数m，使得对任意的实数x，都有h（m）≤h（x）≤h（m+1）成立，则ω的最小值为．12．（5分）在平面直角坐标系中，O为坐标原点，M、N是双曲线上的两个动点，动点P满足，直线OM与直线ON斜率之积为2，已知平面内存在两定点F1、F2，使得||PF1|﹣|PF2||为定值，则该定值为．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）若实数x，y∈R，则命题甲“”是命题乙“”的（）条件．A．充分非必要B．必要非充分C．充要D．既非充分又非必要14．（5分）已知△ABC中，，AB=AC=1，点P是AB边上的动点，点Q 是AC边上的动点，则的最小值为（）A．﹣4B．﹣2C．﹣1D．015．（5分）某食品的保鲜时间y（单位：小时）与储存温度x（单位：°C）满足函数关系y=e kx+b（e=2.718…为自然对数的底数，k，b为常数），若该食品在0°C 的保鲜时间是192小时，在22°C的保鲜时间是48小时，则该食品在33°C的保鲜时间是（）小时．A．22B．23C．24D．3316．（5分）关于x的方程x2+arcsin（cosx）+a=0恰有3个实数根x1、x2、x3，则x12+x22+x32=（）A．1B．2C．D．2π22018年上海市普陀区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）设全集U={1，2，3，4，5}，若集合A={3，4，5}，则∁U A=．2．（4分）若，则=．3．（4分）方程log2（2﹣x）+log2（3﹣x）=log212的解x=．4．（4分）的二项展开式中的常数项的值为．5．（4分）不等式的解集为．6．（4分）函数的值域为．7．（5分）已知i是虚数单位，是复数z的共轭复数，若，则在复平面内所对应的点所在的象限为第象限．8．（5分）若数列{a n}的前n项和（n∈N*），则=．9．（5分）若直线l：x+y=5与曲线C：x2+y2=16交于两点A（x1，y1）、B（x2，y2），则x1y2+x2y1的值为．10．（5分）设a1、a2、a3、a4是1，2，3，4的一个排列，若至少有一个i（i=1，2，3，4）使得a i=i成立，则满足此条件的不同排列的个数为．11．（5分）已知正三角形ABC的边长为，点M是△ABC所在平面内的任一动点，若，则的取值范围为．12．（5分）双曲线绕坐标原点O旋转适当角度可以成为函数f（x）的图象，关于此函数f（x）有如下四个命题：①f（x）是奇函数；②f（x）的图象过点或；③f（x）的值域是；④函数y=f（x）﹣x有两个零点；则其中所有真命题的序号为．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）若数列{a n}（n∈N*）是等比数列，则矩阵所表示方程组的解的个数是（）A．0个B．1个C．无数个D．不确定14．（5分）“m＞0”是“函数f（x）=|x（mx+2）|在区间（0，+∞）上为增函数”的（）A．充分非必要条件B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分也非必要条件15．（5分）用长度分别为2、3、5、6、9（单位：cm）的五根木棒连接（只允许连接，不允许折断），组成共顶点的长方体的三条棱，则能够得到的长方体的最大表面积为（）A．258cm2B．414cm2C．416cm2D．418cm216．（5分）定义在R上的函数f（x）满足，且f（x﹣1）=f（x+1），则函数在区间[﹣1，5]上的所有零点之和为（）A．4B．5C．7D．82018年上海市青浦区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共有12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得分，否则1．（4分）设全集U=Z，集合M={1，2}，P={﹣2，﹣1，0，1，2}，则P∩C U M．2．（4分）已知复数（i为虚数单位），则=．3．（4分）不等式2＞（）3（x﹣1）的解集为．4．（4分）函数f（x）=sinxcosx+cos2x的最大值为．5．（4分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，以直线y=±2x为渐近线，且经过椭圆x2+ =1右顶点的双曲线的方程是．6．（4分）将圆锥的侧面展开后得到一个半径为2的半圆，则此圆锥的体积为．7．（5分）设等差数列{a n}的公差d不为0，a1=9d．若a k是a1与a2k的等比中项，则k=．8．（5分）已知（1+2x）6展开式的二项式系数的最大值为a，系数的最大值为b，则=．9．（5分）同时掷两枚质地均匀的骰子，则两个点数之积不小于4的概率为．10．（5分）已知函数f（x）=有三个不同的零点，则实数a 的取值范围是．11．（5分）已知S n为数列{a n}的前n项和，a1=a2=1，平面内三个不共线的向量，+a n+1）+（1﹣a n），n≥2，n∈N*，若A，B，C在，，满足=（a n﹣1同一直线上，则S2018=．12．（5分）已知函数f（x）=m（x﹣m）（x+m+2）和g（x）=3x﹣3同时满足以下两个条件：①对任意实数x都有f（x）＜0或g（x）＜0；②总存在x0∈（﹣∞，﹣2），使f（x0）g（x0）＜0成立．则m的取值范围是．二.选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则13．（5分）“a＞b”是“（）2＞ab”成立的（）A．充分而不必要条件B．必要而不充分条件C．充要条件D．既不充分又不必要条件14．（5分）已知函数f（x）=2sin（x+），若对任意实数x，都有f（x1）≤f（x）≤f（x2），则|x2﹣x1|的最小值是（）A．πB．2πC．2D．415．（5分）已知和是互相垂直的单位向量，向量满足：，，n∈N*，设θn为和的夹角，则（）A．θn随着n的增大而增大B．θn随着n的增大而减小C．随着n的增大，θn先增大后减小D．随着n的增大，θn先减小后增大16．（5分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，已知两圆C1：x2+y2=12和C2：x2+y2=14，又点A坐标为（3，﹣1），M、N是C1上的动点，Q为C2上的动点，则四边形AMQN能构成矩形的个数为（）A．0个B．2个C．4个D．无数个2018年上海市松江区高考数学一模试卷一.填空题（本大题共12题，1-6每题4分，7-12每题5分，共54分）1．（4分）计算：=．2．（4分）已知集合A={x|0＜x＜3}，B={x|x2≥4}，则A∩B=．3．（4分）已知{a n}为等差数列，S n为其前n项和．若a1+a9=18，a4=7，则S10=．4．（4分）已知函数f（x）=log2（x+a）的反函数为y=f﹣1（x），且f﹣1（2）=1，则实数a=．5．（4分）已知角α的终边与单位圆x2+y2=1交于，则cos2α等于．6．（4分）如图是一个算法的程序框图，当输入的值x为8时，则其输出的结果是．7．（5分）函数y=sin2x的图象与y=cosx的图象在区间[0，2π]上交点的个数是．8．（5分）设直线ax﹣y+3=0与圆（x﹣1）2+（y﹣2）2=4相交于A、B两点，且弦AB的长为2，则a=．9．（5分）在△ABC中，∠A=90°，△ABC的面积为1，若=，=4，则的最小值为．10．（5分）已知函数f（x）=x|2x﹣a|﹣1有三个零点，则实数a的取值范围为．11．（5分）定义，已知函数f（x）、g（x）的定义域都是R，则下列四个命题中为真命题的是（写出所有真命题的序号）①若f（x）、g（x）都是奇函数，则函数F（f（x），g（x））为奇函数；②若f（x）、g（x）都是偶函数，则函数F（f（x），g（x））为偶函数；③若f（x）、g（x）都是增函数，则函数F（f（x），g（x））为增函数；④若f（x）、g（x）都是减函数，则函数F（f（x），g（x））为减函数．12．（5分）已知数列{a n}的通项公式为a n=2q n+q（q＜0，n∈N*），若对任意m，n∈N*都有，则实数q的取值范围为．二.选择题（本大题共4题，每题5分，共20分）13．（5分）若2﹣i是关于x的方程x2+px+q=0的一个根（其中i为虚数单位，p，q∈R），则q的值为（）A．﹣5B．5C．﹣3D．314．（5分）已知f（x）是R上的偶函数，则“x1+x2=0”是“f（x1）﹣f（x2）=0”的（）A．充分而不必要条件B．必要而不充分条件C．充分必要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件15．（5分）若存在x∈[0，+∞）使成立，则实数m的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，1）B．（﹣1，+∞）C．（﹣∞，﹣1]D．[1，+∞）16．（5分）已知曲线C1：|y|﹣x=2与曲线C2：λx2+y2=4恰好有两个不同的公共点，则实数λ的取值范围是（）A．（﹣∞，﹣1]∪[0，1）B．（﹣1，1]C．[﹣1，1）D．[﹣1，0]∪（1，+∞）。
2018-2019学年上海市崇明区高三一模数学试卷(带参考答案)
崇明区2018学年度第一次高考模拟考试试卷数 学考生注意：1. 本试卷共4页，21道试题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟.2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
一、填空题（本大题共有12题，满分54分，其中第1-6题每题4分，第7-12每每题5分）【考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写加过】 1. 20lim31n n n →∞+=+ .2. 已知集合{}{}|12,1,0,1,2,3A x x B =-<<=-,则=A B ⋂ .3. 若复数z 满足i z z 232-=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则=z .4. 821⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-x x 的展开式中含7x 项的系数为 （用数字作答）.5. 角θ的终边经过点()y P ，4，且53sin -=θ，则=θtan . 6. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，已知抛物线x y 42=上一点P 到焦点的距离为5，则点P 的横坐标是 .7. 圆04222=+-+y x y x 的圆心到直线0543=++y x 的距离等于 . 8. 设一个圆锥的侧面展开图是半径为2的半圆，则此圆锥的体积等于 .9. 若函数()1log 2+-=x ax x f 的反函数的图像过点()73，-，则=a . 10. 2018年上海春季高考有23所高校招生，如果某3位同学恰好被其中2所高校录取，那么不同的录取方法有 种.11. 设()x f 是定义在R 上的以2为周期的偶函数，在区间[]10，上单调递减，且满足()()22,1==ππf f ，则不等式组()⎩⎨⎧≤≤≤≤2121x f x 的解集为 .12. 已知数列{}n a 满足：①01=a ，②对任意的*∈N n 都有n n a a >+1成立.函数()n n a x nf -=1sin，[]1,+∈n n a a x 满足：对于任意的实数[)1,0∈m ，()m x f n =总有两个不同的根，则{}n a 的通项公式是 .二、选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）【每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.】 13. 若b a <<0，则下列不等式恒成立的是（ ）.A ba 11> .B b a >- .C 22b a > .D 33b a < 14. “2<p ”是“关于x 的实系数方程012=++px x 有虚数根”的（ ）.A 充分不必要条件 .B 必要不充分条件 .C 充分必要条件 .D 既不充分也不必要条件 15. 已知a b c ，，满足++=0a b c ，且222a b c <<，则a b b c a c ⋅⋅⋅，，中最小的值是（ ） .A a b ⋅ .B b c ⋅ .C a c ⋅ .D 不能确定16. 函数()()，，22+-==x x x g x x f 若存在，，，，，⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡∈⋯29021n x x x 使得 ()()()()()()()()，n n n n x f x g x g x g x g x f x f x f +⋯++=++⋯++--121121则n 的最大值为（ ） .A 11 .B 13 .C 14 .D 18三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分56分）【解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤】17. （本题满分14分，本题共有2个小题，第（1）小题满分7分，第（2）小题满分7分） 如图，设长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中，2AB BC ==,直线1A C 与平面ABCD 所成角为4π. （1）求三棱锥1A A BD -的体积； （2）求异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小.ABCD 1A 1B 1C 1D已知函数()2cos sin f x x x x =⋅+-. （1）求函数()f x 的单调递增区间；（2）在锐角ABC ∆中，角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ，若()1,3,42f A a b ===.求ABC ∆的面积.19. （本题满分14分，本题共有2个小题，第（1）小题满分5分，第（2）小题满分9分） 某创业投资公司拟投资开发某种新能源产品，估计能活得25万元1600万元的投资收益，现准备制定一个对科研课题组的奖励方案：奖金y （单位：万元）随投资收益x （单位：万元）的增加而增加，奖金不超过75万元，同时奖金不超过投资收益的20％.（即：设奖励方案函数模型为()y f x =时，则公司对函数模型的基本要求是：当[]25,1600x ∈时，①()f x 是增函数；②()75f x ≤恒成立；（3）()5xf x ≤恒成立.） （1） 判断函数()1030xf x =+是否符合公司奖励方案函数模型的要求，并说明理由；（2）已知函数()()51g x a =-≥符合公司奖励方案函数模型要求，求实数a 的取值范围.第（3）小题满分7分） 已知椭圆()2222:10y x a b a bΓ+=>>，12,B B 分别是椭圆短轴的上下两个端点，1F 是椭圆的左焦点，P 是椭圆上异于点12,B B 的点，若112B F B ∆的边长为4的等边三角形. （1）写出椭圆的标准方程；（2）当直线1PB 的一个方向向量是()1,1时，求以1PB 为直径的圆的标准方程； （3）设点R 满足：1122,RB PB RB PB ⊥⊥,求证：12PB B ∆与12RB B ∆的面积之比为定值.21. （本题满分18分，本题共有3个小题，第（1）小题满分4分，第（2）小题满分6分，第（3）小题满分8分） 已知数列{}{},n n a b 均为各项都不相等的数列，n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和，()11n n n a b S n N *+=+∈.（1）若11,2n na b ==，求4a 的值； （2）若{}n a 是公比为()1q q ≠的等比数列，求证：数列11n b q ⎧⎫+⎨⎬-⎩⎭为等比数列；（3）若{}n a 的各项都不为零，{}n b 是公差为d 的等差数列，求证：23,,,,n a a a 成等差数列的充要条件是12d =.。
崇明高三语文一模试题及解答
2018届崇明县高三一模语文一、积累应用（10分）1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）________________________，双照泪痕干。
（杜甫《月夜》）（2）不应有恨，________________________？（苏轼《》）（3）王夫之《姜寨诗话》说：“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐”《诗经.采薇》中“以哀景写乐”的两句是“________________________，”。
（元·马致远《寿阳曲·远浦帆归》）2.按要求选择（5分）（1）他乡偶遇多年未见好友，以下句子最适合表达此时情感的一项是（）（2分）A.人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。
B.人生所贵在知己，四海相逢骨肉亲。
C.鱼沈雁杳天涯路，始信人间别离苦。
D.桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的—项是（. ）（3分）其实每种学问都有长久的历史，，提出过种种不同的解答，你必须明白这些经过，才可以利用前人的收获，免得绕弯子甚至于走错路。
A.许多人都曾经思虑过、讨论过其中每一个问题B.其中每一个问题曾经许多人都思虑过，讨论过C.其中每一个问题都曾经许多人思虑过，讨论过D.许多人对其中每一个问题都曾思虑过，讨论过二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。
（16分）文学社会学的“摆渡”罗时进①中国古代诗文，从先秦到唐宋是各种文体的萌生、成长、形成阶段；明清诗文自然也有成长，甚至出现显性的发展，但这种发展是与回溯、总结相伴的。
也正因为如此，诗文二体迄于唐宋，内部结构方面的问题很多，而至明清则外部关系问题更加突出。
虽然，几乎所有称之为“外部关系”方面的问题在唐宋乃至先唐时代都有，但显然不如明清时代那样全面集中、高度呈现，这不免使人好奇。
而正如文学内部结构具有相关性一样，外部关系问题之丛生往往表现为两种形态：一是链式的，一是树形的。
前者是问题套连着问题，后者是主要问题旁生出诸多问题。
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2018年上海崇明区高三一模试题(附答案)2018年崇明县高三一模语文试题一积累应用 10分1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）________________________，双照泪痕干。
（杜甫《月夜》）（2）不应有恨，________________________？（苏轼《》）（3）王夫之《姜寨诗话》说：“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐”《诗经.采薇》中“以哀景写乐”的两句是“________________________，”。
2.按要求选择（5分）（1）他乡偶遇多年未见好友，以下句子最适合表达此时情感的一项是（）（2分）A.人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。
B.人生所贵在知己，四海相逢骨肉亲。
C.鱼沈雁杳天涯路，始信人间别离苦。
D.桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的—项是（. ）（3分）其实每种学问都有长久的历史，，提出过种种不同的解答，你必须明白这些经过，才可以利用前人的收获，免得绕弯子甚至于走错路。
A.许多人都曾经思虑过、讨论过其中每一个问题B.其中每一个问题曾经许多人都思虑过，讨论过C.其中每一个问题都曾经许多人思虑过，讨论过D.许多人对其中每一个问题都曾思虑过，讨论过二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。
（16分）文学社会学的“摆渡”罗时进①中国古代诗文，从先秦到唐宋是各种文体的萌生、成长、形成阶段；明清诗文自然也有成长，甚至出现显性的发展，但这种发展是与回溯、总结相伴的。
也正因为如此，诗文二体迄于唐宋，内部结构方面的问题很多，而至明清则外部关系问题更加突出。
虽然，几乎所有称之为“外部关系”方面的问题在唐宋乃至先唐时代都有，但显然不如明清时代那样全面集中、高度呈现，这不免使人好奇。
而正如文学内部结构具有相关性一样，外部关系问题之丛生往往表现为两种形态：一是链式的，一是树形的。
前者是问题套连着问题，后者是主要问题旁生出诸多问题。
这种复杂状态尤其能够激发出研究兴趣。
因为，如欲抵达明清诗文的本真，理解其文人、文心、文本之感人处，不将诸多“外部”关系梳理清楚，。
会多少有些隔靴搔痒．．．．②这也就是自己这些年在明清诗文研究方面比较侧重于文学与社会关系的主要原因了。
但文学社会学是一条并不平坦的道路。
我们知道，文学同时属于个人智慧、文本形式和社会结构这三个领域，从任何一个领域出发，都可能抵达文学世界。
不过应该承认，这三者与文学世界不是等距离的，而文学社会学研究较之其他方法更容易发生偏差，罗贝尔·埃斯卡皮在写作《文学与社会》时已经注意到相关问题：“真正从社会学角度出发的研究明显地被忽略了，即使在按照传统方法编写得最好的文学史教材中也是如此。
有时候作者意识到了社会维数，并试图加以描述，可是，由于缺乏严谨的、专门的方法，因而他们还是经常当了人与作品这个传统框架的俘虏。
历史的深度仿佛在一块两维屏幕上被压扁了；文学事实因此受到扭曲，就同一张世界地图在平面投影上的失真情况一模一样。
”③在1950年代以后相当长的时间里，文学社会学是学者们最习惯使用的研究方法，这一方面是受到传统的“知人论世”说的影响，一方面受到政治环境的影响。
知人论世的理念本来很好，是理性而科学性的，也是感性而人文化的，但因为被意识形态所左右，变得图式化、标签化、简单化了，文学社会学的理论意义也随之耗散殆尽。
新时期初人们一梦醒来时，它不可避免地获得了一个“庸俗社会学”的恶谥，以至于有学者明确声明：“什么方法都好，就是不能容忍社会学方法。
”尽管不断有学者将文学社会学与其他国外文艺理论、方法并论加以介绍，为其科学性与可行性辩护，但似乎总难洗白。
在研究过程中，许多研究者的课题高度接近甚或深度切入了文学社会学之要义，却仍然回避这一命名。
命名或可回避，但文学发展的史实无可回避。
④研究实践与命名的脱节，还与强调文学学科的主体性有关。
自从文学社会学在欧洲成为一个学派并产生了影响后，他们的一些社会学著作中便往往堂皇地将其作为内容设定了，使社会学的疆域得到拓宽。
虽然对这一学科发展思路无可置喙，但也不免会产生一个疑问：文学社会学是文学研究的对象，还是社会学研究的范畴？⑤其实，随着学科壁垒的打破，这个问题在宏观文学史意识中早已淡化了。
即使要细究，不少历史学著作中都专论文学家与文学发展，文学研究者以之为自然而然，如果社会学、考古学、文化人类学等学科纳入文学，又何尝不可，何损文学的学科主体性、学术自足性呢？今日学术之大、之新，往往由通、由博而生，阐他域以辅文学是好事，反之亦然，其理实不待详辩。
⑥当然，文学社会学是立足文学而借由社会学的摆渡，这与站在社会学角度研究文学还是有所不同的。
前面用了“船到桥头”的比喻，不妨还以“船”来说吧。
文学社会学的“船”上应该载有文人、文学作品、文学生活——这是一艘由文献与文心构建的“文学之舟”。
研究它与历史、时代、社会、阶层、制度、家族、社群、城市、地理等的关系，犹如讨论行船与气候、航道、水流、风力、崖岸、景观之间的影响，这是文学本体与某些客观环境的诠释与对话，其欲抵达的方向是文学史的构成及其发展规律，而不是其他。
⑦不言而喻的是，“文学之舟”要航行到目标，需要的动力因素很多，文学社会学只是多种研究方法之一，是研究合力的组成部分，尽管立足于文学，仍不免有偏至性。
这种偏至性决定了它所能够解决的只是部分问题，而不可能是全部；对文学史的构成及其发展规律的探讨，起侧翼支持或补充作用，而不能替代他翼之重要作用。
3.第①段加点词语“隔靴搔痒”，在文中的意思是(2分）4.第②段引用罗贝尔•埃斯皮卡的话论证“文学社会学研究更容易发生偏差”，请具体分析这一引用是如何证明观点的。
（3分）5.下列对“文学社会学”这一概念的理解与文意不相符的—项是（）（3分）A.文学社会学因为受意识形态左右而使其理论意义耗散殆尽。
B.文学社会学研究一度出现过研究实质与研究命名的不一致。
C.文学社会学既是文学研究的对象，也是社会学研究的范畴。
D.文学社会学对文学的发展与演变起到侧翼支持或补充作用。
6. 第⑥段以“船”设喻，对其作用分析不正确的—项是（）（3分）A.使自己的论述更加形象生动，使自己的观点更具说服力、更易于理解。
B.文学社会学的“船”应该载有的相关内容，正是其研究的立足点所在。
C.以行船与相关因素之间的影响，形象地说明文学本体相对应的独立性。
D.形象地说明如何从社会学角度研究文学，阐明文学与社会学之间关系。
7.试简要概述作者对“文学社会学”的论述过程。
（5分）（二）阅读下文，完成8-11题。
（15分）村庄里的草木晓寒①在我的认知里，村庄是存在于一种秩序中的。
山和水，土地和房屋，各安其间，井然有序。
村庄里的草木，同样遵从于一种秩序，沿着时间的铁轨穿过风、阳光、雨水，穿过很多东西，从来不知道偷懒，也不会有所偏倚，一生都在重复一条春荣秋谢的路。
它们以不同的姿势贴近村庄，像一床被子把村庄覆盖，假使一个陌生人像翻书一样把它们轻轻地揭开，村庄的秘密便会不再缓冲地暴露在眼前。
黛色的屋顶、炊烟、牛羊，一垄一垄的稻子，弯着腰劳作的农人。
我是在草木里长大的，从来不怀疑草木的忠诚，它们不会让一个外来者轻易地窥探，习惯了用自己的枝枝叶叶，守护着村庄的私密。
②进入城市以后，我经常会在无眠的夜里找寻最初的记忆，希望以此来安慰不断入侵我内心的怀想。
但我在一番搜肠刮肚之后，发觉小时候的事情早已忘得一干二净。
我只记得端午节时插在大门边的蕲艾、菖蒲，还有缠绕的葛藤，它们看着我进进出出，有时候像恶作剧一样，借助穿堂风把泥土的气息塞进我的呼吸，令我猝不及防。
有些事情，连我自己都觉得不可信，纵使生活困窘，我的童年也应该有意想不到的斑斓，几种平常的草木，怎么就这样轻松地收买了我的记忆？③草木毫不费力地占领了我记忆的一端，但并不见得我那时如何喜欢草木。
有很长一段时间，我都觉得草木是一种不必要的存在。
我厌倦它们，它们长在路边，打湿早行人的裤脚，把枝桠伸向屋顶，吞噬阳光，堵塞瓦楞的沟壑，让雨水漏进屋来，潜入稻田和菜地，挖空心思抢庄稼的风头。
我拿着刀去砍，背着锄头去铲，用手使劲拔，连根拔掉。
我大概还想过，要是能像赶牛羊一样，把村庄里的草木赶得一根不剩，只剩下干干净净的庄稼，一条条光溜溜的泥巴路，天与地之间坦荡如砥，这样，村庄里的人便能省略大把的汗水。
就在我开始构思这个宏大理想的时候，我的喉咙突然痛了起来，没有任何征兆，痛得连喝水都要小心翼翼。
祖父见了说，没事，是上火了。
他从山上挖来一种树根熬成水端到我面前，他笑着说赶紧喝了吧，喝了就好了。
当时我并不相信这种土办法能瓦解我的疼痛，我切了一截稻草当吸管，一点点吸进去，苦，涩，酸，好像所有人类难以接受的味道都集中在这水里，弄得我头晕目眩，只是没想到几天后，竟奇迹般地好了。
④从那时起，我感到了草木的神秘，开始审视周围的草木。
村庄里到底有多少种草木呢？到处都是，没有人数得清，连年纪最大的老人也不知道。
我想它们大约是被风吹来的，一阵大风，从山那边吹过来，它们落户以后，忙着开疆拓土，攻占所有的空隙，连一条石头缝都不放过。
它们带着露水，披着烟霭，把村庄揽在怀里。
村庄累了，困了，就躺在它们的怀抱之中，草木歌唱，歌声把村庄带进沉沉的梦乡。
⑤祖父有一双巧手，他会用梧桐树皮打草鞋，半天的工夫打一双，穿上去软绵绵的。
他还会用山棕织蓑衣，用箬叶织斗笠。
我看过他织蓑衣，用一个五齿耙撕扯棕片，一点点地扯，扯出的丝像女人长长的头发，他弄一点水把手掌打湿，将丝搓成一根根细细的绳子，然后在屋坪里打开一床晒垫，把棕片铺好，操起钢针飞针走线。
他半蹲着，身子往一侧倾，右手不停地来回，钢针和绳子随着他的手穿过来绕过去，像一个老渔夫在织网一样。
偶尔他也会站起来拿着他那根长烟杆抽烟，在烟雾里打量自己的作品，似乎在想哪里要挡风，哪里要遮雨，阳光把祖父的影子压弯，像农人高高举起的镰刀。
他再一次穿针引线，好像要把阳光也一起织进去，用储存的阳光来驱赶风雨，外出干农活，穿上祖父织的蓑衣，戴上他织的斗笠，就像聪明的鸟筑了一个结实的巢，再大的风雨也奈何不了。
⑥母亲会在一家人闲着的时候，突然从屋角搬出一坛浸熟的野柿子，或者一大把板栗、煮熟的苦珠、一袋子酸枣糕。
餐桌上也经常变换花样，一碗香喷喷的蘑菇、竹笋、橡子豆腐，一盆子艾叶耙耙。
日子困顿，她以一个母亲的力量为一家人驱逐着贫穷的阴影。
霜降时节，父亲照旧从对面的山上挑回来一筐筐木炭，木炭乌黑，每一根都闪着光泽，还保留着树干的雏形，一根根木炭在寒冬里复活，变成亮堂堂的炉火，变成腊肉的香，最终停留在我们笑着的脸上。
⑦草木赐予了我们一种不可复制的生活，成为我们获取快乐的源头，离开了草木，很多的日子都将变得黯淡荒芜。
⑧岁月更迭，草木长高，村庄变矮，我在草木之下劳作，歇息，枕着泥土仰望草木，我看到阳光从它们身上流过，镶上一层绿油油的底色，我看到雨在上面冒出白烟，我看到不断改变的色彩，一万只蝴蝶的跌落，大地之上的一场蝴蝶雨。