选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

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选修8-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions

选修8-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventionsand inventions 发明家及其发明核心词汇1、The driver took a(n)____________(突然的)turn and made his car roll down the road、2、They invited her to visit their house on a(n)____________(方便的)date、3、You may safely climb those steps；they’requite____________(稳固的)、4、What areyour____________(标准)for judging a bottle of wine?5、Every member in the committee thinks that his plan is ideal rather than____________(实际的)、6、In the hard times，she ____________(忍受)the pain with great courage、7、It occurred to him that hemight____________(抓住)the chance to declare his own innocence、8、Dad always drives with____________(小心)although he has driven for more than20 years、9、She ____________herself by her kindness and bravery as well as a____________novelist、(distinguish)10、用freeze的适当形式填空(1)Tonight，temperature will fall below ____________point、(2)I_____________with terror as the door slowly opened、1、abrupt2、convenient3、stable4、criteria5、practical,6、bore7、seize8、caution9、distinguished；distinguished10、freezing；froze高频短语1、________________ 给……打电话2、________________ 偶尔；有时3、________________ 开始；着手4、________________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入5、________________ 开始(做)6、________________ 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7、________________ 次序颠倒；发生故障8、________________ 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过9、________________ 回复电话10、________________ 挂断电话1、call up2、now and then3、set about4、dive into5、set out(to do)6、hang on7、out of order8、get through9、ring back10、ring off重点句式1、____________up，explore all around it，________before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to ________________、跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。

选修8unit3Inventors and inventions

Reading (5m)
Detailed reading:
Answer the following questions: 1.What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them? 2.Why did cooling the snakes make them less active? 3.What might the advantages be of getting a patent?
(3)________________________________________ To put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ _________________________________________ habitat in the evening and carry a net to _________________________________________ collect the snakes without harming them the _____ next morning.
Assignment
1.Go over the whole passage.
2.Recite the key sentences in the text.
3.Prepare for Learning about Language on page 23-24.
1.What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them? (1)________________________________________ To put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ _______________ habitat in the morning. (2)________________________________________ To put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ _______________ habitat in the evening.

高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions课件新人教版选修8

-11-
Ⅰ.单词由简到难,水到渠成 The first step is as good as half over. 【识记】 1.beaten track 被踩出来的路;常规;惯例 2.dive into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入【默写】 1.不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住 hang on 2.挂断电话 ring off 3.给……打电话 call up 4.偶尔;有时 now and then 5.开始;着手 set about 6.开始(做) set out(to do) 7.次序颠倒;发生故障 out of order 8.设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过 get through 9.回复电话 ring back
(2)A well-written composition calls for a good choice
of
words and clear organization among other things. 一篇好的作文还需要选词准确,结构清晰。
(3)Had I known his telephone number,I would have called him up . 如果我知道他的电话,早打电话给他了。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
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Ⅰ.单词由简到难,水到渠成 The first step is as good as half over. 【识记阅读单词】 1.patent n. 专利证书;专利权 2.courtyard n. 院子;庭院;天井 3.walnut n. 胡桃;胡桃木 4.product n. 产品 5.powder n. 粉末;火药 6.perfume n. 香水;香味 7.stainless adj. 无锈的;不锈的;没有污点的 8.passive adj. 被动的;消极的;被动语态的 9.criterion n. (评判的)标准;尺度 10.valid adj. 有效的;确凿的 11.string n. 线;绳子;一串

人教版高中英语选修八 Unit3 Inventors and inventions-语法篇(教师版)

第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；2.可以纯熟运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。

一. 概述：分词分为如今分词和过去分词。

在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

(一). 分词的作用：1、作定语（1）单个分词作定语，分词前置。

如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（2）分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。

如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（3）过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists2、作表语如今分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。

如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.3、作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。

英语：选修8-unit3-inventors-and-inventions单词讲解课件(新人教版)

5. call up 打电话, 使…回忆起今晚我会给你打电话。 I’ll call you up tonight. (ring sb. up) 老相片引起了我对童年的回忆。 The old photo calls up memories of my childhood. 【归纳拓展】 call back 召唤某人回来; 再访; 回电话 call for 需要, 要求, 接(人或物) call in 邀请; 请来 call on 拜访(人) call at 拜访(某地)
2) (常与from, between连用) 区别; 区分 distinguish A from B 把A与B加以分开 distinguish between A and B 辨别A和B 你能区分那两个物体吗？ Can you distinguish between those two objects? 应当教育孩子分辨好坏。 Children should be taught to distinguish right from wrong. distinguish oneself 显扬自己, 使自己扬名 e.g. The man distinguished himself by his wisdom. 此人因其聪明才智而名声在外。 How could you possibly distinguish yourself if you are not willing to study hard? 如果你不愿意努力学习，你怎么能使自己出众呢？
3.Convenient
sthbe convenient for sb/sth 对某人/某物方便、便利的 It is convenient for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是方便的三点钟对你方便吗?

选修8-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions说课稿文档

选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions各位评为老师，你们好。

你们辛苦了。

很高兴能够在这儿与大家分享我的一节课堂设计，我要分享的题目是The problem of the snakes. 选自普通高中教材Module8 Unit3一、教材分析1.教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是“发明家和发明”。

具体涉及“发明与发现的区别”、“发明产生的过程”和“申请发明的条件”。

语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“发明”这一中心话题设计的。

READING部分的课文是一篇记叙文。

故事讲的是一个女孩通过多次尝试，成功地把在她母亲家院子里的安家的一窝蛇捉住并放归大自然；她也将她的捕蛇设计申请了发明专利。

文章也提到了申请专利的标准。

2.学生分析：（1）高二学生具有一定的分析和解决问题的能力，已掌握相关的认知策略，如分析、推理、分类、归纳、总结、记忆等。

（2）学生在学习本课之前已完成了对本单元重点词汇、短语的认读，但尚未掌握其具体用法、搭配习惯与语境中的运用。

3．教学目标分析。

1）知识与技能目标：（1）通过对阅读材料的学习，进行全面整体理解，引发思考，达到强化学生语言意识、积累语言经验的目的。

（2）培养学生的阅读理解能力和应用语言的能力。

2）过程与方法：（1）通过问题设计，学生理解课文，作者是如何发现问题，解决问题，从而申请专利的全部过程。

3）情感态度与价值观（1）通过了解一项发明的产生过程及申请专利的过程，鼓励学生由于发现，勇于探索，勇于创造的科学精神。

也让他们知道保护知识产权的重要性。

4. 教学重点，难点分析。

4.教学重点：1) Help the students summarize the main idea of this text.2) Talk about stages every inventor must go through3) Talk about something about inventors and inventions.教学难点：1. Help Students talk about the procedures of applying for the patent.2. Help Ss express their ideas about the problems given to them.二、教学策略；1.贯彻任务型教学法，通过完成不同形式的练习，教师进行适时的点拨，归纳总结阅读材料的信息。

选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Ⅰ.阅读理解ASLIGHTLY DIFFERENT PACKSSAME GREAT DEVONDALE QUALITYFrom the green pastures (牧场) of Australia comes Devondale, Australia's largest community of farming families.The people at Devondale blend dairy goodness (乳制品)and clever ideas to bring you great tasting innovative products，which have been shipped to America, Canada and exported to Austria.Like our lightest one—instant skim(脱脂的)milk powder that makes 10 litres of delicious skim milk. So you never run out of milk again.DIRECTIONS FOR USE：TO MIX 1 CUP(250ML)•Add 1/4 cup (25g)of instant Devondale Skim Milk Powder to 1/2 cup of hot or cold water.•Add more water to make up 1 cup.•For best result always add powder to water.•For richer taste and extra nutrition, use additional powder to suit your personal taste or preference.•To improve the natural taste of this product, we recommend storing the liquid milk in the refrigerator overnight prior to consumption.NOTICE：•Store powder in a cool, dry place.•Keep refrigerated at or below 4 degrees centigrade no more than 3 days.•Once opened, store in an airtight container.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了澳大利亚的Devondale脱脂奶粉的特色、使用说明和考前须知。

选修八Unit3_Inventors_and_inventions

栏目导引
Unit 3
Inventors and inventions——发明家及其发明
2．“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装 ____________( Only after 只有)you have had that
can you recognition ______________( 你才能
)say that you are truly an inventor.
moved by the movie，__________.
A．tears came to the audience’s eyes
B．the audience could hardly hold back tears C．tears could hardly be held back D．the audience’s eyes were filled with tors and inventions——发明家及其发明
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。offer 和其逻辑主语a letter之间是主谓关系, 所以要用现在分词表主动，相当于 which offered。句意：面试后的几天, 我收到了这所大学的录取通知书。
栏目导引
栏目导引
Unit 3
Inventors and inventions——发明家及其发明
4．every time“每次„„”引导时间状语从句
Every time 每次)you do you will be “__________(
certain to find something that you have never seen before.”
3 ． (2011· 海淀区第二学期期中练习 )A few days after the interview I received a letter __________ my admission to the university. A．offering C．having offered B．offered D．to be offered

人教版高二英语选修8-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions--全单元教案

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsThe First Period Warming up一．Aims:1. Teaching aims 教学目标：Help the students learn how to talk about inventions and discoveries.重点词汇和短语discovery, application, evaluate, presentation, alternative, messenger, get together, make a case for, add up2. Ability aims能力目标Enable the students to talk about information and different.二．ContentsStep I Ask the students to talk about the pictures with the teacher’s help, and then discuss the first two questions.what is a discovery?What’s the difference between a discovery and an invention?Step II Work in pairs and talk about the three different things, telling them apart and giving reasons.1. Which these pictures show inventions? Does any of them show discoveries?2. Work out two rules that will help you decide what is a discovery and what is aninvention?Step III Go on with some other questions of this part.What modern inventions do you know? Describe them to your partner and how useful they are in life today.Step IV Work in groups of four to discuss the question: Suppose you are working for a mobile company. It is your job to suggest new ways of developing a mobile. In pairs discuss some new applications of a mobile. Make a list of the ones you like and that seem the most useful.Choose one you both like and think will be popular with other people.The Second Period Reading一．Aims:1. Teaching aims 教学目标How s to describe the problem of the snakes and what has been done by the writer to solve the problem.重点词汇和短语Patent, distinguish, product, power, perfume, cube, abrupt, abruptly, convenient, expectation, monitor, passive, criterion, valid, application, file, rod, call up, now and then, set about, in case 2. Ability aims能力目标Enable the students to describe the problem of the snakes and what has been done by the writer to solve the problem. Make them realize it takes steps to catch the snakes and it’s not easy to get a patent.二．Contents:Step I Ask the Ss to guess about the content of the passage from the title.Then ask the Ss to judge the right order of stages of inventions.Step II Get the Ss to comprehend the passage carefully and accurately, and then divide the textinto several parts and work out the main idea for each paragraph.PartⅠ (Para.1) the discovery of the problem of snakesPartⅡ (Para.2-3) the research on the approaches to solve the problemPartⅢ (Para.4-6) the attempts to catch the snakesPartⅣ (Para.7-8) the requirements of getting a patent.Step III Ask Ss to go over the whole text again and analyze the text in details.Discuss the following questions:1.What are the writing techniques of this text?2.What’s the main idea of the text?3.What should we learn from this text?4.What’ the writing purpose of the writer?Step IV Comprehending: Finish the exercise1, 2, 3.The Third Period Language Points一．Aims:Talk about inventors and inventionsLearn about the stages used in scientific research二．Contents:Step I words and phrase1. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?go through(1)经历(2)通过,成功,成交(3)审阅,检查(4)翻找,查看(5)穿过,通过Most families went through a lot in the war.2. I was researching into the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.do research on /into /in... 从事, 进行, 做研究They are carrying out a research into the causes of cancer.They are doing research into electricity.3. when I called up my mother in the countryside on the phone.call up 打电话，使......回忆起I’ll call you up tonight (call sb. /ring sb. up )The old photo calls up memories of my childhood. (recall sth.)4. Snakes come near the house now and then.now and then 有时, 偶尔I see them now and then, but not often.5. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them.distinguish oneself 显扬自己, 使自己扬名6. But there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.powder: n. 粉，粉末；药粉；火药grain sth. into powder 把磨成粉7. I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could tap them in the easiest way.set about 开始, 着手The sooner we set about it , the sooner we’ll finish.8. This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.expectation: n. 预料，期待Against all expectation, she won first prize.9. abruptly adv.A man with an abrupt manner is not welcome here.10. convenientCome and see me whenever it is convenient to you.If it is quite convenient to you, I’ll visit you next Tuesday.11.If it passes that test, your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply.application: n. 应用，运用；申请，请求；努力，专注The invention had no practical application.12. bear (bore, borne) 忍受; 带有, 具有I couldn’t bear to listen any longer, so I left the room.bear doing 表示习惯性动作bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作This letter bears french stamp.13. mess: n.杂乱,脏东西v.无所事事, 混日子,胡闹There is a lot of mess to clear up.14. but monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan. monitor: vt.监听，收听：监视15. I collected the passive snakes and the next day we released them all back into the wild.passive: adj. 被动的，消极的；不抵抗的；不活跃的He played a passive role in the marriage.Step II sentences1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. P202. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. P203. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. P21The Forth period Learning about language and Using language一．Aims1. Teaching aims 教学目标Help the Ss learn how the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell invented telephones重点词汇和短语forehead, dot, tap, wire, straw, current, importance, helicopter, triangle, stable, practical, beaten track, dive into, set out (to do), in truth重点句子He found th at by pressing his lips against …He designed a machine that …Although he will always be known for …, he was …He realized that by understanding how …2. Ability aims能力目标Enable the Ss to learn about the famous inventor Alexander Graham Bell and his inventions. 二．ContentsStep I Check the homework. Get the Ss to finish the exercises on page 23-24.Step II Ask the Ss to discuss the following questions:1.What do you know about the inventor?2.How useful is his invention to human society?Step III Let the Ss read the four questions first to get general idea of what should be paid attention to and then play the tape for Ss to follow. When they finish, let them exchange notes with their partners and find the supporting sentences. Then check the answer with the whole class.Step IV Give the Ss the reading task:Do you know about the world famous painting “Mona Lisa”?Do you know who painted the great picture?Do you think Leoanrdo da Vinci is really a good painter? What else do you know he is famous for?Step V Ask the Ss to do exercise 1 and exercise 2Then ask the Ss to do Exercise 3, that is, having a discussion。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions(附详细解析)新人教版选修8

选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ. 单词拼写1. I’m sorry, but I don’t know there is an (突然的) change of the plan.2. As (预料), the sales manager gave in his notice at work today.3. It’s our (期望) that you will do well.4. We should try our best to put the enemy in a (被动的) position.5. As we all know, newspapers influence the (潮流) of thought.6. Your books and magazines are almost in a m ; go and put them in order.7. The football club c arranges all the matches.8. I have heard two v of the accident.9. Illness is a v excuse for being absent from work.10. She t me on the shoulder, but I didn’t feel it.Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空1. The poor girl has such a lot since her parents died.2. Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could them .3. The football match was because of the heavy rain.4. These old photos my childhood memories.5. I to knit(编织) a sweater but in the end it became a vest.Ⅲ. 翻译句子1. 这一家人搬走了，因为这里经常交通堵塞，孩子上学不方便。

选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. discover / find / invent2. hope / wish / expect3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate4. set off / set out / set about词形变化1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容merciful adj. 宽恕的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的abruptly adv.突然地；粗鲁地3. expect vt. 期待，预期，指望expectation n. 期待，预料，指望，展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未预料unexpectedlyadv. 出乎意料地，想不到地4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使)结冰n.冻结；冰冻期freezing n. 冰点adj. 冰冻的，严寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 实行；练习；实习practice n. 练习，实习，实践，习俗practical adj.实际的，实践的，实用的重点单词1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情）突然影响或控制（某人）4. file n.[c] 文件；档案vt. 把……归档5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死重点词组1. call up征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时4. out of order次序颠倒；发生故障5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过；与某人联系6. ring back 回复电话7. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一重点句型1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled.重点语法复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1. discover / find / invent【解释】discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。

选修八 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

展
单然的→_o__cc_a_s_i_o_n_ n．时机；机会；场合
词用
10.associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→__a_s_s_o_c_ia_t_io_n__
6．_c_o_n_v_e_n_i_e_n_t_ adj. 7．_c_a_u_ti_o_n__ n. 8．_e_x_p_e_ct_a_t_io_n___ n. 9．_p_a_s_s_iv_e__ adj. 10．m__e_r_r_y_ adj.
[第六屏听写]
便利的；方便的；就近的小心；谨慎预料；期待；期望被动的；消极的；被动语态的愉快的；高兴的
10．string n.
线__；__绳__子__；___一__串___
11．glue n.
胶___；__胶__水_
vt.
粘___贴__；__粘__合__
12．greengrocer n．
(pl.) 13．refrigerator n. 14．jam n. 15．microphone n. 16．multiple adj. n.
稳固的；稳定的；安定的无价的；极宝贵的
31．_a_s_so_c_i_a_t_e__ vt.
联想；联系
n.
同伴；伙伴
[第十一屏听写]
32．_p_r_a_c_t_ic_a_l_ adj.
实际的；实践的；实用的
33．_d_ir_e_c_t_o_r_y__ n.
电话簿；商行名录
34．_d_i_v_e_i_n_t_o__
的；无情的→_m__er_c_y_ n．宽恕；仁慈 3.product n．产品→_p_r_o_d_u_c_e_ v．生产→__p_r_o_d_u_c_e_r_ n．生产
者；制片人

人教版高中英语选修八unit3 Inventors and inventions

unit3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解AToday, bicycles are elegantly simple machines that are common around the world. Many people ride bicycles for recreation, whereas others use them as a means of transportation. The first bicycle was invented in Germany in 1818. Because it was made of wood, it wasn’t very strong nor did it have pedals (脚踏板). Riders moved it by pushing their feet against the ground.In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan’s machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn’t look much like the modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan’s bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.In 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a VELOCIPEDE, but most people called it a “bone shaker” because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the VELOCIPEDE was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient，and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment.It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today’s cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893, the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson; bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.1．This passage was most likely written in order to ________.A．compare bicycles used for different purposesB．describe the problems early bicycle makers experiencedC．persuade readers to use bicycles for transportationD．tell readers about the early history of the bicycle解析：选D推理判断题。

新人教选修8 Unit3 Inventors and inventions

[仿写]
努力学习，你会被一所重点大学录取。
Work hard and________________________a key university.
答案：you will be admitted to
2．The crcult to get new ideas
12．________ caution (n.) 小心；谨慎→________ cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎
cautiously (adv.) 小心地；谨慎地的→__________ distinguish 13． __________(vi.&vt.)显示„„的差别；使„„有所不同；
distinguished (adj.)卓越的；著名的；杰出的辨别→_____________
mercy n.)宽 14．merciful ________(adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→________(
大；仁慈
15． ________(vt.)联想；联系(n.)同伴；伙伴→_____________ association associate (n.)社团；协会；联合；联想
选修8 Unit 1—Unit 5
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
基础梳理
重点单词
passive 1． ________ (adj.)
被动的；消极的；被动语态的抓住；捉住；夺文件；档案；文件夹冰冻的；严寒的忍受；忍耐；负担轻打；轻拍；轻敲
seize 2．________ (vt.)
稳固的；稳定的；安定的
实际的；实践的；实用的
current (n.) 9．________
(adj.)