西方文化论文

合集下载

西方文化论文英文版

分数：_______ 《西方文化概论》课程论文论文题目希腊神话的哲学思想及其与孔子中庸之道的比较专业_____ __________年级__ ____学号___ _____学生姓名_____ ______________Contents摘要 (ii)Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ i v Text (1)About the Confucius (1)His life experiences and the background he lives. (1)His philosophy and the doctrine of the Golden Mean (2)A short introduction about the Greek mythology (3)The expression from Confucius and the comparison between the two philosophy (4)Bibliography (6)摘要本论文通过对希腊神话的哲学思想及其与孔子中庸之道的产生原因和形成背景作简要的分析，对两种不同时代、不同地域、不同文明的两种文化思想进行了初步的对比。

文章先是对孔子哲学思想的产生的起源，当时的地理社会背景以及孔子的一生做了简要的介绍，并举例介绍孔子中庸思想的具体表现，让读者对孔子和中庸有一个比较熟悉的初步印象。

随即对希腊神话的产生、发展做简单提要（因为课堂上已讲了许多不做详述）分析其这哲学思想的体现，价值观和人生观、审美态度等进行浅析，进而对两中伟大的思想文明进行对比。

关键词：孔子众神文化奥林匹克精神中庸。

中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文

中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文中西方文化由于地域文化、习俗文化等不同，导致中西方文化存在着各种差异。

下面是店铺为大家整理的中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文，供大家参考。

中西方文化差异分析毕业论文范文篇一：《影片透视中西方文化差异分析》摘要:随着经济全球化发展，中西方的人文社科都呈现出交流融合的趋势。

在电影文化中，我们可以看出多元文化激荡出的美丽花朵，使电影散发出独特的艺术魅力。

当前，大量好莱坞电影被引进中国，国人通过电影增进了对中西方文化交流的认可，因此，我们说电影作为文化的载体，又是文化的具体表现之一。

基于此，本文通过分析多部电影来管窥中西方文化因素在其中的差异体现。

关键词:中西方文化;差异分析;交流融合;电影艺术一、电影中呈现的文化差异在中西方文化交流中，文化差异会导致不同国别的人出现冲突，导致误解或者价值观的冲撞。

通过电影这种艺术形式，制作人将人们的生活习性折合成为电影中的元素，将人们的现实生活通过艺术手段展现出来。

因此，电影的本质便是架构人生，经具体人物的生活状态与行为方式，显现历史和文化的精髓，表演出人生百态，世间变故，沧海桑田。

通过电影这种媒体形式，便可投射出中西方文化交流融合和摩擦冲突的过程，增加人们对外来文化的接受和领悟。

从日常行为方式，生活习性，到人们的人生目标价值观、世界观，这些方方面面的日常生活都可以成为电影元素。

一些导演通过长期斟酌，反复思虑，将这些元素加以糅合拍出一些十分经典的艺术作品，这些电影无不取一些文化冲突与价值观冲撞来吸引观众眼球。

将这种无法避免的、在文化交流中必然经历的矛盾冲突展现出来，使电影投射不同文化融合产生的艺术光芒。

众所周知的电影《刮痧》中，深刻地展示了中西方文化冲突致使人们生活的变质，一家人妻离子散，闻着恸哭。

电影中的情景深深刻在人们脑海中，在美国生活的一家子遭受了国人觉得不可理喻的待遇，原因是美国人觉得不能理解的生活习惯。

爷爷看不懂西药的英文说明书而给生病的小孙子刮痧，美国护士觉得这是虐童事件，证据就是孙子背上的青紫刮痕，因此被告上法庭;中国有“人前教子，人后相夫”传统，儿子就在朋友同事面前教训孙子，这被同事不能理解，故事最后以儿子为让自己的老父亲见到孙子最后一面，将孙子从福利院偷出引起美国警方的更大误解。

中西方文化差异的影响毕业论文范文

中西方文化差异的影响毕业论文范文文化是一种社会现象,同时又是一种历史现象,是人们长期创造形成的产物。

下面是店铺为大家整理的中西方文化差异的影响毕业论文范文，供大家参考。

中西方文化差异的影响毕业论文范文篇一摘要：姓名作为重要的语言现象之一，蕴含了一定的文化特征。

通过比较中西方姓名的不同可以探源中西方的文化差异。

同时在全球化跨文化交流日渐频繁的今天，姓名这一语言现象本身的发展也大大促进了中西文化的互识和文化的多样性。

关键词：中西文化;姓名;文化内涵;文化差异;文化融合姓名是个人区别他人独一无二性的体现同时又展现了人与人社会背景文化间的联系。

姓名与文化关系紧密，不同的文化特征及观念决定了姓名观念及特点的不同，这种不同在一定程度上反映了文化差异。

一、中西方姓名的基本构成及其组成形式中西方(指英语国家)在姓名的组成部分和结构上存在明显差异。

当代中国的姓名构成方式主要是：姓+(辈份名)+名。

其中辈份名在中国有些家庭中已不存在，只有姓+名。

当代西方的姓名构成方式为：名+(中名)+姓。

中名可以由一个名构成，同时也可以多个名组成中名。

二、中西方姓名存在的主要差异1.姓名构成顺序的差异中国的姓/名排列顺序是先姓后名，而西方国家的顺序则为先名后姓。

比如李小龙，姓是“李”，名是“小龙”;HarryPotter中Potter 是姓，放在名Harry之后。

2.姓名构成成分的差异在构成成分上，中国与西方存在的唯一区别就在于中名的命名要求上。

在古代中国，中名一般都是辈份名，族兄弟采用同一字或同一汉字偏旁,同族不同辈分用不同的字表示。

比如清代皇帝雍正这一辈皇子的名字,第一字皆用“胤”字，第二字皆用“示”旁，如胤祖、胤祺、胤提等。

但是随着中国社会发展，现在中名的这一要求已被渐渐淡化了。

在西方姓名中，中名多为母亲的姓，后来也渐渐发展到借用其他亲属或钦佩的人的名。

比如英国王妃凯特的女儿取名为CharlotteElizabethDiana中Elizabeth就是为了纪念英国女王伊丽莎白二世。

《西方文化概论》课程论文及参考书目

18世纪文化参考书目世纪文化参考书目
海德·米奈《巴洛克与洛可可：艺术与文化》，温尼·海德米奈巴洛克与洛可可：艺术与文化》温尼海德），孙小金译广西师范大学出版社，2004。孙小金译，（美），孙小金译，广西师范大学出版社，2004。剑桥艺术史：18世纪艺术世纪艺术》斯蒂芬·琼斯琼斯（），钱《剑桥艺术史：18世纪艺术》，斯蒂芬琼斯（英），钱乘旦译，译林出版社，2009。乘旦译，译林出版社，2009。启蒙时代哲学家的天城》卡尔·贝克尔贝克尔（），何兆《启蒙时代哲学家的天城》，卡尔贝克尔（美），何兆武译，江苏教育出版社，2005。武译，江苏教育出版社，2005。启蒙运动与现代性》詹姆斯·施密特施密特（《启蒙运动与现代性》，詹姆斯施密特（美）著，徐向卢华萍译，上海人民出版社，2005。东，卢华萍译，上海人民出版社，2005。
参考书目
西方文明中的身体与城市》《肉体与石头:西方文明中的身体与城市》，理查肉体与石头西方文明中的身体与城市桑内特（），黄煜文译上海译文出版社，黄煜文译，德·桑内特（美），黄煜文译，上海译文出版社，桑内特 2006。。创世纪：传说与译注》冯象著，《创世纪：传说与译注》，冯象著，江苏人民出版社，版社，2004。。宽宽信箱与出埃及记》冯象著，生活·读书读书·新《宽宽信箱与出埃及记》，冯象著，生活读书新知三联书店，知三联书店，2007。。
罗马文化参考书目
罗马帝国衰亡史》吉本著，黄宜思等译， 7、《罗马帝国衰亡史》吉本著，黄宜思等译，商务印书馆，1997年印书馆，1997年。罗马盛衰原因论》孟德斯鸠著，婉玲译， 8、《罗马盛衰原因论》孟德斯鸠著，婉玲译，商务印书馆，1995年印书馆，1995年。古罗马人的欢娱》诺埃尔•罗伯特著罗伯特著， 9、《古罗马人的欢娱》[法]让-诺埃尔罗伯特著，王长明等译。广西师范大学出版社，2005年长明等译。广西师范大学出版社，2005年。

《西方文化概论》论文

《西方文化概论》结课论文力学与建筑工程学院工程管理13级1班姓名:孙丽君学号:02130770我眼中的西方文化——希腊文明西方文化就是一个很广义的词,它包括了古典文化、中世纪文化、文艺复兴时期文化、工业革命后的欧洲文化、新大陆与航海时代、二次大战后的欧美等等研究范围,而里面又可以细分很多的具体范畴西方文化有多种。

老师也在课上为我们介绍了许多,例如欧洲古代社会、地中海与古代希腊文明、罗马文化,我印象最深的西方文化就是希腊文明,古希腊就是西方文明的源头,下面我将以《特洛伊》这部影片为线索来表达我个人对希腊文明的理解。

一、希腊文明简介古希腊文明首先在克里特岛获得发展。

克里特文明以岛屿北部的克诺索斯为中心,在公元前2千年中期弥诺斯统治时期臻于极盛。

显然就是由于某种自然原因,该文明在这之后突然湮没,古希腊文明发展移向巴尔干半岛,伯罗奔尼撒半岛西北部的迈锡尼成为新的文明发展中心。

迈锡尼文明吸收了克里特文明的成就,同时在经济、文化、生产技术等方面达到新的繁荣,已见于克里特文明的线型文字得到进一步发展与更多的使用。

著名的特洛伊战争发生在这一文明阶段的后期(公元前十二世纪初)。

战争结束后,迈锡尼文明衰落。

希腊社会在经历了一段时期的历史倒退后,继而进入主要以雅典为中心的新的文明发展时期,取得前所未有的辉煌成就,成为古希腊文明发展的古典时期。

公元前四世纪后期,希腊被新崛起的马其顿征服。

亚历山大东征促进了东西方经济的交流与文化的融合,古希腊文明进入“希腊化”时期,在东方各国文明的影响下,在更为广泛的范围内得到新的发展。

古代希腊作为一个文明古国,曾经在科技、数学、医学、哲学、文学、戏剧、雕塑、绘画、建筑等方面做出巨大的贡献,成为后代欧洲文明发展的源头。

二、特洛伊之战影片《特洛伊》以它气势恢宏的战争场面以及丰富的故事情节再现了古希腊时期的辉煌历史,这部影片取材于人类最古老的长篇史诗《荷马史诗》,又称英雄史诗,它塑造了众多栩栩如生的英雄形象、其中两个主要人物希腊英雄阿喀琉斯与特洛伊英雄赫克托尔就是《伊利亚特》中塑造的最具有氏族贵族英雄性格品质又具有鲜明个性的形象、这些人物形象表现了那个英雄时代的英雄主义思想,体现了早期西方文化所颂扬的英雄主义思想。

中西方文化差异英语论文

The difference between Chinese culture and westerncultureA Comparative study on school educationAs we all know, there are lots of differences in school education between China and America. Now I want to talk about the differences from primary education to higher education.The reasons why I want to compare these two kinds of education style are very simple. Firstly, if we want to learn about a country, we should learn its educational style to so that we can learn how they cultivate the next generation. Secondly, we can study others’advantages and improve ours’, especially for we developing countries. Third, development of society always relies on science, and science come from education, if we want to be strong, education is the very key.You may ask why the differences exist, yeah, why? In my opinion, differences come so obviously because we have quite different thinking methods, we Chinese prefer to summarize experience after every practice, and we are good at applying our summary into practice. While Americans are used to doing some practice first, they can achieve a lot in these practice. In other words our thinking method is limited in the elder generation's experience seriously, what we do is to apply these summary into application, it will do great harm to our innovation. Now let us compare our different kind of education style from primary education to higher education between the two countries.1, Primary School EducationIt's so common that our children suffer lots of homework after class, what is more, the young have to attend to every kind of extra class to improve their scores, we have to admire that our children grasp better basic knowledge, however, what we lose is far more than what we gain. As is the time should we have a reflection, we put so heavy pressure on the young, but it does not work well, children ought to have a happy childhood.While, children in American have less classes and less homework, teachers prefer to let the young do more activities not exercise they want them to consider more and achieve the interest during their practice. Teachers often let children have free talks to train speaking skills, so today we can see American do better in arguing. During primary education, their students mainly study math and language, teachers usually arrange some activities which need to be finished in group, it not only improves the young's friendship but also does good to their sense of a teamwork. We can see the US children have quite relaxed growing environment. They have a more comfortable childhood I think.2. High School EducationIn Chinese high school, we study for three years, during this period, students have a lot of things to do, most of which is about study, every day we are preparing for college entrance examination, we all want to make good scores and choose an ideal college, so you can imagine this three-year career is a great challenge for us. Every day, we begin our class from 7:00 to 12:00 in the morning and from 2:00 till 5:30 in the afternoon, during a day's study, we mainly have math, physic, chemistry, biology,English and Chinese classes, these are the very subjects we should prepare for college entrance examination. We also have some interesting classes. Each week we have two PE classes, during this time we can do what sports we love and we can also relax ourselves, in my opinion only two PE classes are really not enough for us. We have two psychology classes, in this class teacher will show us some exciting topics that have something to do with us, it really help us a lot when we feel lost and frustrated. In Art class teacher will show us famous pictures and tell us the story of each work, we feel quite relaxed at this moment as we can have a sleep or do some other things. Though study is essential during these three years, yet what is the most important I think is that we develop great friendship during high school life, and our friendship is so pure that we can trust each other without any hesitation. Though these three years is the busiest period, it really gives us an valuable memory.When we come to American high school, we can see they have a relaxed study life, as is seen, their high school life is similar to our college life, they commonly study for four years during high school, they need not to pay too much attention to college entrance examination, in American, people prefer your ability than your scores, so students work hard to improve their all kinds of abilities. They go to class from 7:30 to 2:15 from Monday to Friday and only six classes every day, maybe you do not believe, but it is really true. They also have more interesting classes such as pottery class, theatre class and legal class, what the school wants is to strengthen students' practical skills. American students go to class in different classroom while we Chinese have permanent classroom, what is more, they are free to develop themselves andmajor in the subjects they like. As long as they get enough credits they can get graduated, so we can conclude that their style is like our college style.And our class atmosphere is also different, Chinese students should sit rightly and answer the teacher's question carefully, we consider that shows our respect to our teacher, however, American students prefer to sit as comfortable as they feel, they think it is good for study efficiency.3. College EducationIn this part we will continue to introduce the difference between two kinds of education styles.In China, having entranced college, students finally have the chance to lead a relaxed life after so many years study life. Many of them pursuit not to fail in every term's final examination, considering that is enough. And after these four years, students both can get a job and go for further study, it mainly depend on your personal desire. In the four year's life we have to get enough credits to get graduated, we need to attend to required courses and elective subjects. In college you may not go to every class, it is so common that every student have ever escaped from classes. And during these four years we can join all kinds of organizations and that is a good way to improve our communication skills and we can meet more people, maybe one or more among them will do us a favor in the future. We also take part in many kinds of national examinations, among which are CET4, CET6, and NCRE2. If you get the certification. It will help you a lot when you attend a job interview after graduation.Now let us have a look at American college life. In the front of this article weknow their students have a very relaxed life as they do not need to worry about entering college, they can go to college though their score is low, of course, if you want to choose famous college you should have good score. After American students entering college, many of them begin to work harder than they ever did, they may stay in the library all day long, they think it is time for their effort, or they will not get satisfied job after graduation.And on the way I want to say something not so important. In China a student can go to famous university as long as he have good social relationship, and he will get a gradual certificate. While if you study in America, you should pay attention, getting in by the back door is impossible, if you do not work hard you will never graduate successfully, and no satisfied job is waiting for you.In general, Chinese educational style pays more attention to basic knowledge, especially to math physic and chemistry. Our students really have steady basic knowledge that the US students admire very much. When we turn to see US students, we can easily find they prefer to improve social skills, including arguing, social work and teamwork, this difference lead to a phenomenon that if Chinese and American both work in a company most of the Americans will work as manager, and most of we Chinese will work as technical staff who work for the manager.When asked what bring this difference, American say "Chinese have very good knowledge standard but they are not willing to talk about their opinions in meetings, they are used to work along with former experience and lack innovation spirit."4. Different education systemIn China the majority of young people will get the opportunity to enjoy the 9 years' mandatory education, and very few people can go to high school or college, so the proportion of people get educated to the whole people is quite low. The reason why our government puts so many efforts to encourage the young to get further study is mainly to improve our nation's quality.In American, education attract great attention from the government, compulsory education is 12 years, 3 years longer than ours, the students not only enjoy free books but even have free lunch, from this you can see how American care about education. What is more, most of the people will not get satisfied with 12 years education, if so, they can hardly get a job. Many of them will go for further study. They study more forwardly and more self-conscious, and these two kinds of good behavior also bring a good social atmosphere.Chinese teachers are used to divide students in different level based on they marks in the exam, and students will be divided into different classes.While American teachers prefer to use "ABCD" instead of Arabic numerals to evaluate the students, in their eyes every student is good, so teachers will not grudge praise for the students, maybe appreciative education is enlightened from this.That is the whole content I want to share with you to learn the difference between American and Chinese school education, we can see that we really have a lot of things to solve in our education, why our people can not get Nobel prize, maybe there is something wrong with our education system. What we should do is to learn other's advantages and decrease the gap. Maybe years later our students will get theworld's attention.。

中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文精选4篇

中西方文化之间的差异表现及原因论文精选4篇【摘要】：中西两家因为深受不同的社会文化、历史文化和各种社会背景的影响，从而导致两种不同文化的产生，餐桌礼仪文化业因此应运而生，餐桌礼仪文化是饮食文化的一部分，中西饮食文化的不同是中西民族文化差异的重要组成部分。

每个国家、每个地区的每种民族都在饮食中自觉不自觉的透露着自己深刻的文化背景。

本着重论述中西方在餐桌礼仪文化上的差异，剖析中西方餐桌礼仪文化差异的具体表现渊源。

【关键词】：餐桌礼仪文化差异宴会礼仪(1)在当你应邀赴宴时，你对同桌进餐的人和餐桌上的谈话，大概要比对饮食要更感兴趣。

因此进餐时，应该尽可能地少一些声响，少一些动作。

(2)女主人一拿起餐巾时，你也就可以拿起你的餐巾，放在腿上。

有时餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那样的话就把它取也，放在旁边的小碟上。

(3)餐巾如果很大，就双叠着放在腿上；如果很小，就全部打开。

千万别将餐巾别在领上或背心上，也不要在手中乱揉。

可以用餐巾的一角擦去嘴上或手指上的油渍或脏物。

千万别用它来擦刀叉或碗碟。

(4)正餐通常从汤开始。

在你座前最大的一把匙就是汤匙，它就在你的右边的盘子旁边。

不要错用放在桌子中间的那把匙子，因为那可能是取蔬菜可果酱用的。

(5)在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。

女主人通常要等到每位客人都拿到菜后才开始。

她不会像中国习惯那样，请你先吃。

当她拿起匙或叉时，那就意味着大家也可以那样做了(6)如果有鱼这道菜的话，它多半在汤以后送上，桌上可能有鱼的一把专用叉子，它也可能与吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，总之，鱼叉放在肉叉的外侧离盘较远的一侧。

(7)通常在鱼上桌之前，鱼骨早就剔净了，如果你吃的那块鱼还有刺的话，你可以左手拿着面包卷，或一块面包，右手拿着刀子，把刺拨开。

(8)如果嘴里有了一根刺，就应悄悄地，尽可能不引起注意地用手指将它取出，放在盘子边沿上，别放在桌上，或扔在地下。

法国餐桌礼仪七忌答应对方的邀请后如果临时有事要迟到甚至取消约会，必须事先通知对方。

欧洲文化概况论文

欧洲文化概况论文欧洲文化是人类社会重要的精神和物质财富，其以民主与法制精神，科学与理性精神，极大地推动了欧洲现代化的进程。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于欧洲文化概况论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!欧洲文化概况论文篇1浅探欧洲地区鹤的文化意蕴摘要：本文旨在搜集欧洲地区鹤的文化，归纳总结出在欧洲，鹤主要承载的文化意蕴，分析得出鹤在欧洲的文化意蕴主要可以分为三大类，褒义文化意蕴、贬义文化意蕴和中性文化意蕴，并对其中有更多文化内容的中性文化意蕴的产生原因作出分析，主要有两大成因：一是欧洲的审美标准，二是欧洲的宗教信仰。

关键词：欧洲;鹤;文化意蕴文化存在着多层次性，有全人类的文化，也有各个民族的文化、各个社会的文化，在同一个民族、同一个社会中也会因为地域的不同、信仰的不同，产生出天线不同民族、不同社会、不同地域的文化。

鹤在中国主要是有着长寿、吉祥的美好文化意蕴，但是在欧洲，鹤所承载的文化意蕴有别于中国。

一、文化意蕴在欧洲，从感情色彩来分析，鹤的文化意蕴主要存在着三大类，一是褒义文化意蕴如美好愿望，二是贬义文化意蕴如厄运，三是中性文化意蕴如生殖、家族谱系、皈依者。

首先是鹤的褒义文化意蕴，即美好的愿望。

不论是哪个民族，春天都是人们美好的愿望、期盼、希望的开始，尤其是在农耕时代，春暖花开时节，人们开始播种，第一只飞回来的鸟就会成为春天的象征，但是由于纬度的差异，导致不同地区的春天里出现的第一只鸟各有不同。

为中国报春的鸟是燕子，尤其是在中国南方，种植水稻的时间完全按照燕子回巢的时间制定，民间歌谣《小燕子》传遍大街小巷。

还有鸭子，如诗词“春江水暖鸭先知”。

欧洲的保加利亚地区的春天也是鸟类迁徙后回巢的时间，其中鹤扮演着核心角色：当第一只鹤出现，意味着春天真得到来了!因此在保加利亚的传说中，鹤是春天的象征。

鹤带来的春天，让人们意识到已经到了播种的季节，也是对新的一年的希望，因此鹤就责无旁贷的承载起人们对新的一年的美好愿望。

其次是鹤的贬义文化意蕴，即厄运。

My Understanding of Western Culture西方文化论文

My Understanding of Western CultureWhat is culture? Maybe different person have different ideas. As I check in the Oxford English Dictionary , it says : the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a particular society. In other word,western culture means Western’ beliefs or ways of life.As far as I am concerned,culture, as a product generated by man's long-term creation, is a social phenomenon. Meanwhile, it is also a historical appearance distilled throughout social history. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the difference between Chinese culture and western culture.Western culture is divided into three periods,including: the period of a ncient Greek and Rome, the medieval Christian culture, Modern western culture. To be exact, culture refers to the history, geography, traditional convention, lifestyle, literature and art, code of conduct, way of thinking, value of one country or one ethnic group. Chinese culture differs from western culture in so many aspects as wholeness and individuality, speech, value, moral standard, social relationship, social etiquette, social custom, etc. As we know, there are many differences between western culture and Chinese culture. We can see differences when we pay attention to the way words are used.Western world’s culture during The second half of the twentieth century was marked by Diversity. Although many trends represented Acontinuation of prewar modern development, new directions have led some observers to speak of A “postmodern” cultural world.For another, they are always anxious for knowledge. Facing anything new, modesty is always their choice. In the contrary to them, our Chinese sometimes think too much of ourselves. In the 1980s, styles emerged that have been referred to as postmodern. Postmodernism tends to move away from the futurism or “cutting edge” qualities of modernism. It favors tradition, that elevating traditional craftsmanship to the level of fine art. They gained respect as artists.It has become clear to many people that, like it or not and ready or not, the conditions of the world are such that we are all increasingly coming into contact with those who are different from ourselves.(diverse workforce, mixing nationalities, ethnicities, races)—Global Village.People find that behavior and attitudes that proved necessary for obtaining goals in their own culture are no longer useful (esp.those moving across cultures)Familiar behaviors that marked well-adjusted persons in their own culture may even be seen as indicative of ill-mannered.We can learn a lot from the western culture. On a personal level, every one should have some knowledge of it. If you study the western culture, you will find that how different the way you think and do with something is from the westerners. You can not only get anotherperspective to treat different situations, but also enrich your personal knowledge. What’s more, you might even find that how many weak points in your character. Then some supplements might be added and you will have a more sound soul which will help you succeed in the future. However, it is not only necessary for individuals to do so.The richer countries are pouring large sums of money into space research programs which are of no benefit to human beings while in underdeveloped countries thousands of people are dying of hunger. Besides, many scientists time and energy are wasted,which could have been devoted to improving our living condition. Whats more, many astronauts have died complete1y uselessly in space vehicles which have been faulty. One very significant part of culture is the set of values we hold, or those things which we are taught to want and those things we are taught are right. For example, one of the primary values held by Americans is monetary or economic success. They are brought up to believe that economic success is something worth striving for.They were young people who had not enjoyed the fruit of life yet.Different form the easterners.As the westerners like to treat their parents as friends, they often show their emotion and tell their opinions quite straight-out while the Chinese prefer not to say but just hide in heart.Apart from human wastage,there is the wastage of resources whichare finite and essential if man is to survive. I think it’s high time we stopped these meaningless programs. Westerners stress rules and principles. For example, if a manage make a mistake or break the rule of company in western country, the boss will punish him or her no matter how close their relationship is, because they believe that relationship is one thing, rule is another thing, they should make decision according to the rules.As a popular saying goes, to say is one thing and to do is another. How can we learn from the western culture? At first, we should have a clear concept that culture has a broader meaning today. It covers literature, custom, knowledge, history and so on. The Western individualism has much to do with its colonial history, which dates back to the period when colonists had to fig ht for their own, and they couldn’t survive the harsh environments without extraordinary bravery, perseverance and optimism, etc. I believe it is those pioneers’ characters that form the unique individualism today. Time has also left its imprint on the individualism, as the term keeps refreshing its meaning. Nowadays, the new individualism refers to the pursuit of freedom and personal happiness, the sacredness of human life and properties as well as a lot of personal traits. Besides, Western is famous for its multicultural society where each element exists in harmony with one another whilst keeping their own traits distinct. All these contribute to the individualism.No one can predictwhat will happen in the future. Supposing that we didn’t look squarely a t other countries’ culture and get their valuable experience, China is sure to be washed by modern age. Hope all the Chinese could have clear awareness.In the process of communication, American people are more used to expressing their affirmative and confirmed opinion or thoughts. In other words, American speak more directly. For instance, in western countries, if a man loves a woman, he always say:＂I love you＂directly to his lover to express his affection for her. Another example if a westerner want to borrow money from his friend, he will get to the point directly and he is lack of money recently and would like to borrow some money.Given the final analysis conducted above,western culture does has big different from Chinese culture .So,we should have a full understand of this difference.It is high time we kept a closer eye on this issue than at any other time in the past.。

中西方文化差异论文

中西⽅⽂化差异论⽂中西⽅⽂明在哲学、⽂化基本精神、思维⽅式、语⾔修辞、宗教信仰、社会规范、⽂学艺术等⽅⾯有较⼤差异。

当代，论⽂常⽤来指进⾏各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的⽂章，简称之为论⽂。

中西⽅⽂化差异论⽂1 这天读报纸有两条消息相映成趣。

⼀条是《北京晚报》的报道,北京市统计局、国家统计局北京调查总队公布的《北京市居民时间利⽤情况调查报告》显⽰,北京⼈每天⽤在吃饭上的时间是⼀⼩时四⼗⼆分钟,相当于⼆⼗年前的⼀点四倍。

说起吃饭时间增加的原因,北京市统计局城镇住户调查处的⼀位官员表⽰,如今吃饭不光是为吃,“更多的是社交的需要,或商谈事宜”;另⼀条来⾃《竞报》,财政部表⽰将压缩中央部门今年的三项开⽀,其中之⼀就是公务招待费,⽽招待费很⼤⼀部分是⽤来吃的,这⼀点不⾔⾃明。

两个消息,⼀个已增加,⼀个要减少。

其实,⼈们社交吃吃饭是很正常的,需要的时间长⼀点⼉也是可以理解的。

前些时候,我去参加⼀个学⽣的聚会,前后⽤了四个⼩时,⽐北京⼈平均⼀天吃饭时间长得多。

三⼗年没见⾯了,很多⼈都认不出了,⼀边进餐⼀边回忆过去,那是⾮常⾃然的事情。

要知道,在我们这个国家,饮⾷是⼀种⽂化,⽽这种⽂化的表现形式之⼀,就是利⽤饭局建⽴、巩固吃饭者彼此之间的友谊。

也正是因为这个原因,我们常常管吃饭叫“聚会”“出来坐坐”或者“玩⼉⼀玩⼉”。

我也喜欢这种形式,许久不见,两个朋友见⾯吃点⼉东西聊聊天总⽐坐在那⾥“⼲说”⾃然⽽有⽣活⽓息。

不过话⼜说回来了,凡事要有⼀个“度”,超过这个“度”就有可能产⽣⼀些不好的作⽤。

⼀个是,时间“拉”得太长。

现在的⽣活都是快节奏,如果吃饭仅仅是为了叙旧,依我看⼀个半⼩时以内⾜矣。

我参加过⼀些饭局,也注意观察过,⼀旦超过这个时间,有些⼈就坐不住了,嘴上不说,⼼⾥已经很不耐烦了。

另⼀个是,聚会范围太⼤,⽽且经常是认识不认识的都来,事先也不知道,吃起饭来不是朋友聚会,倒像是某个机关召开扩⼤会议。

再⼀个就是喝酒⽆度,不仅劝酒⽽且还⽃酒,结果请客的⼈喝醉了,⾛不了了,参加者⾯⾯相觑,不知如何是好。

西方文化概论论文之希腊神话所折射的命运观

西方文化概论论文之希腊神话所折射的命运观浅析希腊神话所折射的命运观摘要希腊神话作为西方文明的源头之一，包含了较强的理性精神和非理性精神，而在其非理性精神中，希腊神话中许多神、英雄对冥冥之中命运之手的认同、反抗与超越生动的折射了古希腊人的命运观。

本论文将通过浅析希腊神话中与命运相关的故事，从多个方面讨论希腊神话所折射的命运观。

一、希腊神话中的命运观在希腊神话中，对于命运这一世间“最奇异之事物”的拷问和探究演绎出了许多荡气回肠的悲壮故事。

命运三女神（the Fates）掌管着大地上所有食用五谷之人的命运，Clotho 负责纺织生命之线，Lachesis 决定生命线的长度，Atropos 负责切断生命之线。

她们的存在反映出在古希腊人看来，每个人的命运都是预先设定的，神、半神、英雄和凡人都逃离不出命运之手。

然而，正如希腊神话中不断涌现出的反抗命运的悲剧，希腊人一方面通过特殊的方式和渠道去了解命运，另一方面，他们认为直面残酷命运的勇气和敢于抗拒的精神和努力是不可或缺的，尽管最后这样的努力往往以悲剧告终。

这一点可以在英雄们对个人命运和家族命运的抗争中体现出来。

这样的抗争和抗争的结局，揭示了人类从必然王国要走向自由王国是要付出漫长而艰辛的努力的，但是这种发展趋势是必然的。

二、希腊神话中命运观的表现形式1、个人命运希腊神话中个人命运的表现大部分是通过英雄们的悲剧展现，也有一部分是通过诸神表现出来。

英雄们的悲剧中，Achilles的故事可以为例。

Achilles是武功盖世的英雄，他有两个可供选择的命运。

一个是参加命中注定的特洛伊战争，叱咤风云而沙场捐躯，壮怀激烈而名扬千古。

另一个则是安居度日，平安无事，颐养天年却碌碌无闻。

他的母亲海洋女神Thetis为他选择了第二种，让他男扮女装，掩人耳目，避免参战。

然而，最后Odysseus使计让他暴露了身份，他毫不犹豫地参战了。

神谕兆示没有Achilles的参战，希腊人就无法获胜，所以命中注定希腊人会找到他。

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文认识中西方文化的差异,有助于提高学生英语学习的能力、兴趣以及文化修养。

下面是店铺为大家整理的中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文，供大家参考。

中西方文化差异优秀毕业论文篇一一、文化文化一词起源于拉丁文，原意是耕种、栽培、居住，体现人类改造自然的意义，属于物质生活活动范畴。

后被引申为人类改造自我的意义，包含技能的练习、性情和品德的陶冶、教养等方面，属于精神生活范畴。

英国学者泰勒认为“文化包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及作为社会成员的人所具有的其他一切能力与习惯”。

我国的哲学家、社会学家、人类学家、历史学家以及语言学家都对文化的定义进行不断的探讨，综合各个领域学者对文化的理解，文化属于一种社会现象，是人类在长期创造过程中形成的产物;同时，文化承载了历史，是一种历史现象。

总体来说，文化可以传承一个国家或者民族的历史、地理、风土人情、传统习惯、生活方式、思维方式、行为规范、价值观念、文学艺术等，是人与人在交流过程中能够传承的一种意识形态。

文化可被分为物质文化层、制度文化层、行为文化层和心态文化层。

物质文化是一种显性文化，包括人类创造的各种物质文化，如服饰、用品、工具等。

制度文化和心态文化属于隐形文化，包括日常生活中和工作中的各种制度和思维方式、宗教信仰等方面。

行为文化则是人类在制度文化和心态文化的作用下，借助物质文化所进行的日常行为。

二、跨文化交际跨文化交际是指具有不同文化背景的人之间的各种形式的接触，包括言语交际和非言语行为。

言语交际是指人与人之间以语言为形式的交流，非言语行为交际则指以语言以外的形式如体态语、副语言、客体语、环境语等进行的人与人之间的交际。

言语交际和非言语交际都可传递一定的信息，目的是交流。

经济的快速发展促使国与国之间的经济贸易往来频繁化，这就需要涉外部门的工作人员具有良好的跨文化交际能力。

此外，全球一体化促使世界文化共存的局面，近年来在我国出现越来越多的外企，这首先要求在外企的工作人员了解该企业文化以便工作顺利进展;与外企有往来的人员也要懂得相关的文化知识，以避免文化不同导致的交际不畅。

西方文化史论文

文艺复兴时期的人文主义思潮与文学艺术成就文艺复兴运动肇始于意大利，人文主义思潮也首先从意大利兴起。

这主要是由于意大利最先具备了人文主义诞生的两个基本条件：资本主义萌芽与古典文化的复活。

意大利北部和中部的商业城市在世纪以前一直处于欧洲领先地位，商品经济非常发达，资本主义萌芽和新兴资产阶级首先在这里产生。

佛罗伦萨、威尼斯等城市，取得了政治上的独立，建立了城市共和国。

具有资本主义性质的城市生活，是一种与中世纪宗教生活相对立的世俗生活，它成为人文主义诞生的现实社会基础。

意大利是古代罗马的统治中心，它受希腊一罗马古典文化的影响也最为直接和巨大。

意大利不仅在其本土保存了大量古典文化遗产，如古典建筑遗迹藏书丰富的王侯藏书室和教堂图书馆等，而且因其东西方经济文化交流的发达而从拜占廷和阿拉伯获得了大量古典文化书籍。

意大利古典文化的复活首先从罗马法的复兴开始，它是顺应意大利商品经济发展的需要而产生的。

以波伦那大学为首的罗马法研究，是人文主义诞生的一个重要根源。

意大利大学教育的世俗性很强，主要是为解决政府和管理部门的实际及具体问题服务，因而法学、医学、文法及修辞等教育十分发达，神学和形而上学的研究并不占重要地位。

学生们在学习和研究罗马法的过程中，还要学习文法和修辞，以便为法庭的辩论服务。

在老师和学生们的辩论中，经常引用古代罗马的范例，并且结合现实来发表议论，这就形成了运用古典知识来评论或抨击时政的风气，其中所蕴含的精神即人文主义精神。

到世纪，随着资本主义萌芽和资产阶级的兴起，这种人文主义精神有了它的社会和阶级基础，借古典文化复兴来进行反封建斗争的文艺复兴运动便蓬勃发展起来了。

意大利是欧洲文艺复兴的发源地和中心，涌现出了一大批人文主义思想家，如但丁、彼特拉克、卜伽丘、乔托、达芬奇、拉斐尔、米开朗基罗、乔尔乔内、提香、马基雅维里、康帕内拉等人文主义思潮从意大利扩展到整个西欧，贯穿于文艺复兴运动的始终。

新兴资产阶级知识分子以人文主义为武器，对封建教会和神学进行了猛烈的抨击。

西方文化课程论文英语作文

When approaching a paper on Western culture,its essential to have a clear understanding of the topic and a wellstructured approach to your essay.Here are some steps and tips to help you craft an effective English composition on this subject:1.Choose a Specific Aspect:Western culture is vast and encompasses various elements such as literature,art,philosophy,music,and social norms.Narrow down your focus to a specific aspect that interests you or is relevant to your course.2.Define Your Thesis Statement:Your thesis statement should clearly express the main argument or point of your paper.It should be concise and guide the reader through the rest of your essay.3.Conduct Research:Gather information from reliable sources such as academic journals, books,and reputable websites.Make sure to note down the references for your bibliography.4.Outline Your Paper:Organize your thoughts and the information youve gathered into a coherent structure.A typical outline includes an introduction,body paragraphs,and a conclusion.Introduction:Introduce the topic,provide background information,and present your thesis statement.Body Paragraphs:Each paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your e evidence from your research to back up your arguments.Conclusion:Summarize your main points and restate your thesis.You may also include a call to action or a thoughtprovoking statement to leave a lasting impression. 5.Write with Clarity and Cohesion:Use clear and concise language.Ensure that your sentences are wellstructured and that your paragraphs flow logically from one to the next.6.Cite Your Sources:Properly cite all the sources you use in your paper to avoid plagiarism.Familiarize yourself with the citation style required by your instructor e.g., APA,MLA,or Chicago.7.Revise and Edit:After writing your first draft,take the time to revise and edit your work.Check for grammatical errors,clarity of expression,and consistency in your arguments.8.Peer Review:If possible,have a classmate or friend read your paper and provide feedback.A fresh pair of eyes can help you spot errors or areas for improvement that youmight have missed.9.Finalize Your Paper:Incorporate the feedback youve received and make any necessary changes.Ensure that your paper is polished and ready for submission.10.Proofread:Before submitting your paper,proofread it one last time to catch any typos or errors that may have been overlooked.Remember,a wellwritten paper on Western culture should not only demonstrate your understanding of the topic but also engage the reader with a clear and compelling argument.。