构词法(可编辑修改word版)

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构词法练习及其答案(可编辑修改word版)

高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(-)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

合成动词二、派生 Derivation (5)合成代词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （ 6）合成介词 inside三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror 镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect 完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。

特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。

检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。

如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death3.The child looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad4.H e is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a . A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician5.T he three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked about at his classmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD. pridely8.To everyone’s , the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English.—You can write _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-wordsC.600 words；a 600-wordD.600 words；a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence11You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it .A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War? tely test ter tter16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in . A.longer B.length C.long D.longing17.To my ，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness18.Canada is mainly an country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a .A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great . A.valuable B.value C.valueless D.unvaluable21.There were fish in the river in South America. A.in danger B.danger C.dangerous D.dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word“doubt” is. A.sound B.silent C.silence D.sounded23.The child looked at me . A.stranger B.strangely C.strange D.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely. A.free B.freely C.freedom D.frees25.What you said sounded but in fact it was untrue. A.reasonable B.reasonful C.reasonless D.unreason26.We have to learn technology from other countries. A.advance B.advancing C.advantage D.advanced27.The children live in a village .They come here almost every day. A.nearby B.near C.nearly D.near by28.Mr Black is an in the army，not an in the government.You can not easily find him in his .A .official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep .A.health B.healthy C.healthily D.healthier 30.speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. A.Honestly B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest31.It sounds like a good plan，but there are some difficulties in carrying it out.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.His father possesses a factory，which does most of the pollution to this river.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some reasons. A.politically B.politics C.political D.politician34.It’s to persuade him to give up smoking.He’s very stubborn.A.possible B.possibly C.impossible D.impossibility35.Dan caught two birds in the wood last week and they are still in the cage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive36.The doctor said that the old man’s condition was and that they had tried their best. A.hope B.hoped C.hopeful D.hopeless37.Ann felt so that she could hardly open her eyes. A.sleepy B.asleep C.sleep D.sleeping38.We stood there at the sight.A.frightened；frightful B.frightening frightful C.fright；frightening D.frightful；fright39.The doctor’s advice him from drinking and smoking. A.encouraged B.couraged C.encouragement D.discouraged 40I’d like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a quiet_.A.neighbour B.neighbourhood C.neighbours Dneighbour’s Ⅱ.改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)1.The Milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park.2.This blouse is fit for him at all.It’s too long and the color has run.3.The possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.4.We must strength government of the people，by the people and for the people.5.The sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.6.H e is a very famous actress.He has played many important parts in different films.7.P ersonal，I’d rather stay at home watching TV. 8.Because of her ill，she can’t go out for the sight-seeing.9.Thank you for your describe of the conditions here. 10.It’s really dust in this room.It’s a long time since someone last li ved in it.11.We all don’t know how dark happens. 12.He opened the envelope，folded the letter and began to read it.13.She offered us lots of value information，which played an important part in catching the thief.14.We wish you a pleasure journey back home.15.The captain made an apologize to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.16.I wish that you could interview these journals who come. 17.Coral is not a plant but a various of animal life.18.In my opinion，Harry is the most suitful person for the job. 19.The food was good but the serve was poor.20.This meeting is of great important to all of us. 21.There comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.22.When he got to the destination，he was quite out of breathe. 23.Traditionally speaking，Russia is a Europe country. 24.“Actual”means“in fact”，and we can also use“as a matter of fact”.25.It is possible to persuade Adam to give up that decide.26.The doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation.27.Some people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.28.The Chinese government treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peaceful settlementof this matter. 29.She was afraid of high and dared not jump out of the plane.30.Her mother died of hungry after the flood. 31.I bet you are mistake this time.32.The man said that he was merely a pass-by and that he didn’t watch the accident. 33.—Do you follow me? —Yes，perfect.34.Personal possess of guns causes lots of troubles in the USA. 35.The greatest wealthy is being content with a little.36.I believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth one day.37.Fail is the mother of success. 38.Every year millions of visiters come to visit the dams.39.The Chinese people are building socialist and have achieved great progress.40.People all went up to offer their congratulate on their winning the key match.前后缀“冰ft一角”练习一．形容词后缀1-ous 结尾advantage ambition anxiety continue courage danger disaster fame glory humor mountain mystery number poison prosper religion suspicion varynervevigor2.以-al 结尾Chemistry class economy editor education exception finance function logic memory nation origin parent person physics politics region substance technique technology3.以-able 结尾ability accept access adapt avail avoid capability change comfort compare convert desire durationfavor flexibility honor move notice permit reasonsense vision4.以-ful 结尾beauty care cheer doubt faith fruit glasshand harm help mouth peace power skill spoon success thought wonder二名词后缀 1. 以-ment 结尾achieve advance advertise agree disagreeargue assign attach appoint develop embarrass encourage engage enjoy equip establish govern install managemove pave pay punish ship state2.以-al 结尾approve disapprove arrive propose refuse removesurvive try withdraw3.以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy 结尾abundant accurate agent allow applyattend bankrupt competent compliant confident consist convenient inconvenient correspondent current dependent independent innocent diplomat distant efficient elegant evident existfluent frequent infer infant influential intelligent interfereoffend patient perform prefer refer resident significantsilent tend urgent vacant violent4.以-ion 结尾act add admit attract associate collect combine complete commit communicate compose conclude consider consume create decide declare define describe destroy determine devote direct distinct discuss dominate educate elect evolve except exhaust exhibit exploitfound identify illustrate imitate impress include intend introduce investigate invite liberate locate oblige occupy operate organize participate permit predict produce providepollute possess recognize recommend regulate relate satisfyselect solve submit suggest utilize verify三动词前后缀、1.以-en 开头或结尾large able courage rich hardweak broad soft moist length strength threat sharpsure2.以-ify 结尾magnified simple pure intense beauty clearelectrical note unite dignity3.以-ize/ise/yze/yse 结尾real industrial mechanic central popular evaporation standard neutral高考能力测试构词法Ⅰ.单项填空答案1~5 BDACB 11~15 ACDCB 21~25 CBBCA 31~35 BBCCC6~10 CBDCB 16~20 BAAAB 26~30 DADBA 36~40 DAADB【解析】6.leading 主要的，领头的。

(完整word版)英语基本构词法

英语基本构词法英语最基本的构词法（word formation）有三种：派生（derivation）、合成（compounding）和转化（conversion）。

利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串，举一反三。

Ⅰ.派生法派生词缀和词根结合，或者粘着词根和粘着词根结合构成单词的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)，也称作缀词法。

用派生法构成的词叫做派生词（derivative）。

派生词的词缀法是英语构词法中最活跃的一种,在英语构词的历史上发挥极其重要的作用。

另外,这种构词法也是我们可以发挥能动性借以扩大词汇量的一种构词法。

词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。

A.前缀1．表示“否定”、“相反”意义的前缀：de- decrease减少；decentralize分散；degrade降级，降低……的地位；dis- dislike不喜欢；disagree不同意；distrust不信任；disappear消失；il- illegal不合法的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegalize宣布……为非法；im- impossible不可能的；immoral不道德的；impractical不现实的；un- unwilling 不情愿的；unbelievable 难以置信的；unnecessary 不必要的等等。

2．表示时间先后的前缀ex- ex-husband前夫；ex-president前总统；fore- foretell语言；foresight先见之明，预见；foresee预见，预知；mid- midterm其中的；midnight午夜；post- postwar战后的；postgraduate研究生；postdoctoral博士后的等等。

3．表示方向位置的前缀ex- export出口；exclude把……排斥在外；external外部的；in- input输入；indoor室内的；inrush涌入；incoming进来的等等。

构词法测试卷(附答案).doc-Xiang(可编辑修改word版)

构词法测试卷(附答案).doc-Xiang构词法测试一．动词变名词（每词0.5 分）prefer appear solve recognize organize invite expect considersatisfypermitdecidearrangearguepleasegrowarrivelosesucceedchoosecomplain二．形容词变名词（每词0.5 分）aware lonely absent hungry necessary convenientfreepossiblerealpopularhonestbravesafe三．名词变形容词（每词0.5 分）taste health thank powerpoisoneffectcreationsnow四．将下列词变为动词（每词0.5 分）美化beautiful 加长long加宽wide 加强strong加高high缩短short丰富rich五．写出下列单词的反义词（每词0.5 分）expensive formal convenient dependent patient legalimportantobeyadvantageleadusestopsmoker六、变下列动词为现在分词（每词0.5 分）study display limit wait permit begin write admit forget refer七．默写（每词1 分）第九现代的真实的四十毁坏有回报的景色星期三通过构词法测试卷(附答案).doc-Xiang收到坚持敲打品质对---要求严格袭击适应八．用relax 的适当形式填空（每词1 分）1.Singing loudly me.2.I’ll feel when singing loudly.3.It’s for me to sing loudly.4.Singing loudly is a way of to me.5.Singing loudly makes me .6.To my , I’ll have seven days off for National Day.7.I feel stressed and I need to myself.8.I like atmosphere.9.Having done all the work, he lay down, exhausted but .九. 用所给词的正确形式填空（每词1 分）1.The news (excite) everybody so that we’ve decided to have a big meal.2.The failure (courage) him from keeping on trying and at last he became a real failure.3.I was sorry to learn of your uncle's (die).4.I’ll feel(comfort) with strangers, not knowing what to say.5.You have no (choose) but to obey the rule.6.It’s high time for you to (beauty)your handwriting.7.As he waited, his (anxious) grew.8.Listen (attend), or you won’t know what to do next.9.Being a phone addict, he seldom joins in after-school (act).10.Why were you (absence) from school yesterday?11.,(person) I prefer living at school to living at home.12.The failure (weak) his determination and he is in low spirits these days.13.(bath) in the morning sun, I feel refreshed and comfortable.25.To my great (enjoy), I’ve finally found the book I’m searching for.26.He looks (please) while in fact he is unwilling to be with her.27.The little country will gain its (free) next year.28.The result was beyond my . (expect)29.Junk food is (health) and many parents avoid feeding it to their kids.30.When (disagree) does occur, it’s wise of you to talk it over to others.构词法测试答案一．动词变名词（每词0.5 分）prefer preference appear appearance solve solution recognize recognition organize organization invite invitation expect expectation consider considerationsatisfy satisfactionpermit permissiondecide decisionarrange arrangementargue argu(e)mentplease pleasuregrow growtharrive arrivallose losssucceed successchoose choicecomplain complaint二．形容词变名词（每词0.5 分）aware awareness lonely loneliness absent absence hungry hunger necessary necessity convenient conveniencefree freedompossible possibilityreal realitypopular poluarityhonest honestybrave braverysafe safety三．名词变形容词（每词0.5 分）taste tasty health healthy thank thankful power powerful/-lesspoison poisonouseffect effectivecreation creativesnow snowy四．将下列词变为动词（每词0.5 分）美化beautiful beautify 加长long lengthen加宽wide widen 加强strong strengthen加高high heighten缩短short shorten丰富rich enrich五．写出下列单词的反义词（每词0.5 分）expensive inexpensive formal informal convenient inconvenient dependent independent patient impatient legal illegalimportant unimportantobey disobeyadvantage disadvantagelead misleaduse useless/misusestop nonstopsmoker nonsmoker六、变下列动词为现在分词（每词0.5 分）study studyingwait waitingwrite writingrefer referring七．默写（每词1 分）第九ninth四十forty景色scenery display displayingpermit permittingadmit admitting现代的modern毁坏destroy星期三Wednesdaylimit limitingbegin beginningforget forgetting真实的true有回报的reward通过through收到receive 品质quality 袭击attack 坚持stick对---要求严格strict适应adapt敲打strike八．用relax 的适当形式填空（每词1 分）1.Singing loudly relaxes me.2.I’ll feel relaxed when singing loudly.3.It’s relaxing for me to sing loudly.4.Singing loudly is a way of relaxation to me.5.Singing loudly makes me relaxed.6.To my relaxation , I’ll have seven days off for National Day.7.I feel stressed and I need to relax myself.8.I like relaxing atmosphere.9.Having done all the work, he lay down, exhausted but relaxed.九. 用所给词的正确形式填空（每词1 分）1.The news excites/has excited (excite) everybody so that we’ve decided to have a big meal.2.The failure discouraged(courage) him from keeping on trying and at last he became a real failure.3.I was sorry to learn of your uncle's death (die).4.I’ll feel uncomfortableknowing what to say.(comfort) with strangers, not5.You have no choice (choose) but to obey the rule.6.It’s high time for you to beautify (beauty)your handwriting.7.As he waited, his anxiety (anxious) grew.8.Listen attentively(attend), or you won’t know what to do next.9.Being a phone addict, he seldom joins in after-school activities (act).10.Why were you absent (absence) from school yesterday?11.Personally (person) , I prefer living at school to living at home.12.The failure weakens (weak) his determination and he is in low spirits these days.13.Bathed (bath) in the morning sun, I feel refreshed and comfortable.25.To my great enjoyment (enjoy), I’ve finally found the book I’m searching for.26.He looks pleased(please) while in fact he is unwilling to be with her.27.The little country will gain its freedom (free) next year.28.The result was beyond my expectation. (expect)29.Junk food is unhealthy(health) and many parents avoid feeding it to their kids.30.When disagreement(disagree) does occur, it’s wise of you to talk it over to others.。

高中英语构词法大全（含单词示例）

高中英语构词法大全（含单词示例）学习构词法基础知识是非常有好处的，它可以使我们能够轻松认识更多单词，以一种巧妙的方式扩大词汇量，短期内记住更多的单词，对于考试中一些词形转换的题也非常有帮助。

英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。

（文末加小编微信可获取电子打印版）一. 转化法在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try.让我试试。

They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。

The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

They tried to perfect the working conditions.他们努力改善工作条件。

4. 形容词转化为名词He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。

The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了？6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。

英语构词法-(完整版)

英语构词法(完整版）一、词根、前缀与后缀英语构词法主要分为词根、前缀和后缀三种方式。

词根是单词的核心部分，通常包含了一个单词的基本意义。

前缀位于词根之前，用以改变单词的意义。

后缀位于词根之后，主要用来改变单词的词性。

1. 词根（1）act：表示“行动”，如：act（行动）、actor（演员）、action（动作）；（2）bio：表示“生命”，如：biology（生物学）、biography （传记）；（3）dict：表示“说”，如：dictate（口述）、dictionary （字典）；（4）form：表示“形状”，如：form（形状）、formal（正式的）、format（格式）。

2. 前缀（1）un：表示“不”，如：unhappy（不快乐的）、unusual（不寻常的）；（2）re：表示“再次”，如：rewrite（重写）、return（返回）；（3）pre：表示“在……之前”，如：predict（预测）、preview（预览）；（4）dis：表示“相反”，如：dislike（不喜欢）、disagree （不同意）。

3. 后缀（1）ness：表示“状态”，如：happiness（幸福）、sadness （悲伤）；（2）ful：表示“充满”，如：hopeful（充满希望的）、careful（小心翼翼的）；（3）ly：表示“副词”，如：quickly（迅速地）、slowly（慢慢地）；（4）tion：表示“动作、状态”，如：action（动作）、invention（发明）。

二、合成法与派生法在英语构词法中，除了词根、前缀和后缀，还有合成法和派生法两种重要的构词方式。

这些方法丰富了英语词汇，使得表达更加精确和多样。

1. 合成法（1）名词+名词：如：snowfall（降雪）、bookstore（书店）；（2）名词+形容词：如：worldwide（全世界的）、citywide（全市的）；（3）形容词+形容词：如：darkblue（深蓝色的）、lightgreen （浅绿色的）；（4）动词+副词：如：lookup（查阅）、takeover（接管）。

英语构词法

英语构词法构词法主要有三种：派生法、合成法和转换法。

派生法（在词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀）、合成法（由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词）、转换法（在词形不变的情况下，一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性）。

一、派生法在一个词的词根(root)的前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法(derivation)。

加在前面的词缀叫前缀(prefix)，加在后面的词缀叫后缀(suffix)。

(一)后缀：许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。

1.构成名词的常用后缀有：(1)-er,-or,-ist,-ee,-ese,-ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。

例如：thinker(思想家)，guesser(猜想者)，translator(翻译者)，conductor(导体);physicist(物理学家)，dentist (牙科医生);employee(雇员)， trainee (受训人员);physician(内科医生)，Italian (意大利人);Japanese(日本人); assistant(助手)等。

(2) -ance, -ence, -(a)tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment,-ness, -th, -ty,-ure,-ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词。

例如：acceptance(接受)， assistance (帮助); dependence(依靠)，confidence(信心);repetition (重复)， preparation(准备); discussion(讨论)，division (分开);physics (物理学)，fabrics (纺织品); building (建筑物)，wedding (婚礼);reality (现实)， ability (能力); settlement(解决)，argument (争论);greatness (伟大)，hardness (硬度); warmth (温暖)， length (长度);safety (安全)， penalty (惩罚); failure (失败)， pressure (压力);friendship(友谊)， leadership(领导)等。

(完整word)常见构词法归纳,推荐文档

常见构词法归纳1．派生法（1）前缀①表示否定意义的前缀：a. 纯否定前缀：un-: unable, unemployment（失业）, unload（卸载）, uncover（发现、揭开、揭露）, unhappy, untrue, unlike（不像）, unrest （不安的，动荡的）, unfair, unknown, unhealthy, unusual（不寻常的；与众不同的）, uncertain（无常的、含糊的）, unclear（不清楚的）, unequal, unlucky, unreal, unkind, uncomfortable, uneasy（心情不安的）, uninteresting, unimportant, unnecessary, unpleasant, undivided（专心的、专一的、未分开的）, unreserved（无保留的、坦白的）dis-: dislike（不喜欢）, disarm（解除武装；放下武器）, disconnect（vt拆开，使分离）, disagree, disappear, disadvantage, dishonest, disability（残疾、无能）, discover（v发现）, disobey（违反、不服从）in-, im-, il-, ir-: incapable（不能的、无能力的）, inability（无能力，无才能）, incomplete, incorrect, inconvenient, inexpensive, impossible, immoral（不道德的）, illegal（非法的）, illogical（不合乎逻辑的）, irregular, irrelative（无关系的）non-: non-smoker, non-stop（直达的，中途不停的）, non-violent（非暴力的）, nonwhite（非白人）, non-member（非会员）, nonparty（无党派）, nonsense（无意义，胡说，废话）b. 表示错误的意义：mis-: mistake, mislead（误导）, misunderstanding（n）, misuse（n/vt滥用、误用、虐待）, mistrust, mistreat(虐待)c. 表示“反、防、抗”的意义：anti-: antiknock（n/adj防震）, antiforeign（排外的）, anti-war(adj,反战的), antitank（反战车的）, anti-pollution（防污染，反污染的）②表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀：ward（守卫）a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”：aboard（在飞机上，在船上）, aside（在旁边）de- 表示“在下，向下”：decrease（减少，下降）, degrade（降级）en- 表示“在内，进入”：encage（入笼）, enbed（上床）ex- 表示“外部，外”：exit, expand（扩张）, export（输出、出口）fore- 表示“在前面”：forehead（前额）, foreground（前景）, foreleg, forefootin-, im- 表示“向内，在内，背于”：inland（内地、内陆）, inside, indoor(s)（室内的，户内的；（s）在户内）, importinter- 表示“在……间，相互”：international, interaction(相互作用), internet, interview（接见，面试）mid- 表示“中，中间”：midposition（中间位置）out- 表示“在外部，在外”：outline（轮廓，大纲，概要）, outside, outward(s)（外表、外面；（s）向外地）, outdoor(s)over- 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”：overlook（忽视，眺望）, overhead（在头顶上，在空中）, overcoat（大衣，外套）, overdress （外衣）, oversea(s)(海外)post- 表示“向后，在后边，次”：postscript（附言）pre- 表示“在前，在前面，提前”：prefix（前缀）, preface（前言）, preposition（介词）super- 表示“在…..之上，超级”：superstructure（上部建筑，上部构造）, supernatural（超自然的，不可思议的）, superpower （超强特权，超强大国）, superman, supermarkettrans- 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”：translate, transform（转变、转换、转移）, transplant（移植）, transportation（交通）under- 表示“在…..下面，下的”：underline（下划线，强调，在下面划线）, underground, underwater, undershirt（贴身内衣，美式）up- 表示“向上，向上面，在上”：upward(s)（向上的，上升的）, uphold（支撑，鼓励）, uphill（上坡）,upload（上传)auto- 表示“自己，独立，自动”：automobile（自动车）, autobiography[ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ（自传）tele- 表示“远离”：television, telephone , telegram（电报）, telegraph（电报，抽象名词）, telescope（望远镜）③表示时间，序列关系的前缀：fore- 表示“在前面，先前，前面”：foreword（前言）, forecast（预报）, foretell（预言）, foresee（预见）, foreknow（先知）,foreknowledge（先知）mid- 表示“中，中间”：midnight, midsummer, mid-day, mid-autumn（中秋节）post- 表示“在后，后”：postwar（战后的，战后时期）, postgraduate（研究生）, postdate（事后日期，推迟日期）pre- 表示“在前，事先，预先”：preheat（预先加热）, prewar, prehistory（史前）, preview（预习）, prebattle, prepay（预付）re- 表示“再一次，重新”：retell（复述）, rewrite, renew（续借）, reconsider（重新考虑）, reuse, remarry, recycle（再生，回收利用）, rebuild（重建，改造）④表示比较程度差别关系的前缀：by- 表示“副，次要的”：byproduct（副产品）, bywork（副业）extra- 表示“超越，额外”：extraordinary（非凡的，特别的）over- 表示“超过，过度，太”：overeat（吃过多）, oversleep（睡过头）, overpraise（过奖）, overwork, overact（行为过分）, overdo（夸张，做得过分）under- 表示“低劣，低下”：undersize（尺寸不足）, undergrown（发育不全的）, underproduction（生产不足）vice- 表示“副，次”：vice-president, vice –chairman，vice-monitor⑤表示共同，相等意思的前缀：co- 表示“共同，一起”：coexist（共同生存）, co-operate, co-worker, coactions（合作行动）, coauthor（合作作者）⑥表示某种状态，构成形容词、副词或动词：a- afraid, alive, alone, asleep, ashamed, aloud, ahead, aside, alike, awake⑦表示分离，离开意思的前缀：a- 表示“分离，离开”：away, apartde- 表示“离去，处去”：depart, decolour⑧表示“自我”：self- self-protect(ion), self-made, self-knowledge⑨表示变换词类作用的前缀：be- befrienden- enslave(束缚；征服), enable（使能够）, enrich（使充实，使肥沃，使富足）, enlarge（扩大，使增大）, encourage（鼓励）⑩表示数量关系的前缀：a. 表示“单一”，“一”：uni- uniform（统一服装）, unicellular（单细胞）b. 表示“二，两，双”：bi- bicycle（cycle循环，周期）twi- twilight（昏暗的，黎明）c. 表示“半，一半”：semi- semiconductor（半导体）, semicircle（半圆）, semimonthly（半月刊）, semifinal（半决赛）d. 表示“百，百分之一”：centi- centimetere. 表示“千，千分之一”：kilo- kilometer, kilogram, kilowattf. 表示“微小”：micro- microvolt（微伏特）, microcomputer（微机）, microscope（显微镜）g. 表示“许多，复，多数”：multi- multimedia（多媒体）, multicolored, multiform, multinaturalh. 表示“千分之一、毫”：milli- millimeter, milligrami. 表示“微小、微型”：mini- minibus, miniskirt, minipark（2）后缀①名词后缀：a. 具有某种职业或动作的人：-an, -ian, -ician 表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”：American, Asian, Australian, Russian, Italian , historian（历史学家）, librarian（图书管理员）, electricia（电工）n, magician（魔术师）, technician, musician, politician（政客）-ant,-ent 表示“……人”：merchant, servant（仆人，佣人）, assistant, agent, student,-ee 表示“动作承受者”：employee（雇员）, examinee（应试者）, payee（收款人）, interviewee-eer 表示“从事于……人”：engineer, volunteer（志愿者）-er 表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人”：banker, observer, Londoner, villager singer, driver, writer, speaker, traveller, buyer-or 表示“……者”：author, doctor, operator, actor, visitor, inventor, educator-ar, -ary 表示“……的人, 从事……的人”：scholar, liar, beggar, secretary, missionary-ese 表示“……国人，……地方的人”：Chinese, Japanese, Cantonese（广东人）-ess 表示“阴性人称名词”：actress（女演员）, hostess（女主人）, manageress（女经理）-ist 表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者”：pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, socialist, typist, receptionist -icist 表示“……家，……者, ……能手”：physicist（物理学家）, phoneticist（语音学家）, technicist（技术师）-logist 表示“……学家，研究者”：biologist（生物学家）, geologist（地质学家）b. 构成具有抽象名词的含义：-age 表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称”：courage, storage, marriage, percentage-al 表示“事物的动作，过程”：refusal（拒绝）, arrival, survival（幸存）, denial（否认）, approval（批准，认可，赞成）, trial(实验)-ance, -ence 表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”：importance, distance, avoidance（逃避，废止）, appearance, performance （性能，绩效，表演）, difference, obedience（顺从，服从）, presence（出席,参加）, existence-ancy, -ency 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”：frequency（频繁）, urgency（紧急）, efficiency（高效率）,-ity 表示“性质，状态，程度”：purity（纯度（化学））, reality, equality（平等）-bility 表示“动作，性质，状态”：ability, possibility, probability, responsibility-dom 表示“等级，领域，状态”：freedom, kingdom（王国，界）, wisdom（智慧，才智）-ery, -ry 表示“行为，状态，习性，性质”：bravery（勇敢，勇气）, slavery（奴役）-hood 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态”：childhood, girlhood（少女时期）, boyhood（少年时代）, manhood（男子气概）-ice 表示“行为，性质，状态”：notice, justice（司法）, service-ing 表示“动作的过程，结果”：building, writing, learning-ion, -ation, -ition, -sion 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”：suggestion, action, solution, invention, direction（方向，指导）, correction（改正，修正）, collection, instruction（指令，指示）, destruction （破坏）, introduction, congratulation , dictation（听写，口述）, invitation（邀请）, pronunciation, examination, graduation, operation, education, information, translation, starvation （饿死，绝食）, satisfaction, relation, determination（决心，果断）, preparation, imagination, explanation（说明，解释）, opposition （反对）, competition（竞赛，比赛）, description, decision, division（除法）, conclusion, impression（印象）, expression（表达，表示）, admission（承认）, permission（允许，许可）, discussion-ment 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果”：disappointment（失望）, treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument, agreement（协议）, government, development, improvement（改进，改善）, requirement（要求，必要条件）, encouragement-ness 表示“性质，状态，程度”：goodness（adj，善良，精华）, kindness, tiredness, friendliness（友谊）, business, illness, happiness（幸福）, willingness（乐意，心甘情愿）, weakness, fairness（公平）-ism 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为”：socialism（社会主义）, criticism（批评）, heroism（英勇）, tourism, communism （共产主义）, Marxism（马克思主义）-ship 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”：hardship（困苦，苦难）, relationship, membership （资格，会员身份）, friendship,ownership（所有权）, scholarship（奖学金）,-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”：strength, length, width, depth, wealth, truth, growth, warmth（温暖）, youth -ure 表示“行为，结果”：exposure（暴露）, pressure（压力）, failure, procedure(手续), mixture-craft 表示“工艺”：aircraft, needlecraft, woodcraftc. 带有场所，地方的含义：-age 表示“住所，地点”：village, cottage（小屋，村舍）-ary 表示“住所，场地”：library, granary (谷仓)-ory 表示“工作场所，住处”：factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory（天文台，气象台）②形容词后缀：a. 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义：-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonable, applicable（可适用的）, visible（可见物）, responsible, terrible（可怕的）, horrible（恐怖的）-al: natural, additional（额外的，附加的）, educational, national（国家的，国民的）-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent-ing（表示特征：令人觉得）: moving, touching, daring, interesting, exciting, disappointing , boring, amazing-ed（表示情绪：觉得）: pleased, interested, surprised, worried, excited, bored, determined（决定了的，果断的）, delighted （高兴的，欣喜的）-ish: foolish, bookish（出本上的，好读书的）, selfish-ive: active, impressive（感人的，令人钦佩的）, decisive（决定性的，果断的）, active,expensive, progressive（改革的，进步的）b. 表示“相象，类似”的含义：-ish: boyish, childish（幼稚的，孩子去的）-like: manlike（有男子气概的，像男子的）, childlike（天真浪漫的，像孩子的）-some: troublesome（麻烦的，讨厌的）, handsome-y: milky, cloudy sunny, windy, rainy, foggy（有雾的，模糊的）, healthy, wealthy, worthy, bloody（血腥的）, funny, dirty, lucky, noisy, salty, smelly（发臭的）, hilly（丘陵的，陡的）-ly: manly, fatherly, motherly, sisterly, brotherly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, friendly, lonely, orderly, lovely （可爱的，令人愉快的）, lively（活泼的，生动的）, likely（很可能的）, scholarly（博学的，学着风度的）c. 表示“充分的”含义：-ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful, harmful, useful, careful, forgetful, merciful（仁慈的，宽容的）-ous: dangerous, courageous（有胆量的，勇敢的）, nervous（紧张不安的）, mountainous（多山的）, humorous（诙谐的，幽默的）, various（各种各样的）d. 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义：-en: wooden, golden, woolen（羊毛的）e. 表示方向的含义：-ern: eastern, western, southern, northern, southeastern, northwestern-ward: downward（向下的）, forwardf. 表示“数量关系”的含义：-teen: thirteen-ty: fifty-th: fourth, fiftiethg. 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义：-an: Roman, European-ese: Chinese, Japanese-ish: English, Spanishh. 表示否定：-less: countless（无数的，数不尽的）, stainless（不锈的）, wireless, useless, endless（无止境的，连续的）, priceless（无价的，贵重的）, hopeless③动词后缀：-ize, ise 表示“做成，变成，……化”：modernize（现代化）, democratize（民主化）, organize, apologize, realize-en 表示“使成为，引起，使有”：quicken,（加快）weaken, soften, harden（变硬，变坚强）-fy 表示“使……化, 使成”：beautify, purify（净化）, intensify, signify, simplify（简化）, satisfy④副词后缀：-ly: possibly, swiftly（很快地）, simply（简单地）-ward(s): downward, inwards（向内地）, upward（向上地，上升地）-ways: always, sideways（向侧面的，一旁的）-wise: otherwise（另外的，否则，adj，adv）, clockwise（顺时针方向地）注意：有的单词有双重后缀，如：use（用途）→useless（无用的）→uselessness（无用）self（自己）→selfish（自私的）→selfishness（自私）有的单词则是前后缀同时使用，如：important→importance→unimportanceregular（有规律的，有规则的）→irregular（无规律的，不规则的）→irregularity（无规律，不规则）2．合成法boyfriend, girlfriend, bus-driver, playground, radioactive（放射性的）, headmaster（校长）, sunshine, notebook, armchair （扶手椅）, wheelchair（轮椅）, postcard（明信片）, football, spaceship, blackboard, firefighter（消防队员）, fireman, gateman （看门人，售票员）, chairman（主席，会长）, weatherman, businessman, armyman（军人）, postman, sportsman, bedroom, reading-room, classroom, newspaper, pickpocket（扒手）, she-goat（雌性山羊）, editor-in-chief（主编）, daybreak（破晓）, handshake（握手）, silkworm（蚕）, outbreak（爆发）由三个词构成的合成形容词：heart-to-heart, two-year-old, eight-metre-long其他合成形容词：everyday（日常的）, faraway（遥远的）, snow-white（雪白的）, lay-off（下岗的）3．转化法（1）名词→动词hand（手→传递）back（背部，后面→支持，后退）charge（费用→收费）copy（抄本，复印件→抄写，复印）flood（洪水→淹没）heat（热量→加热）paint（油漆→刷漆）phone（电话→打电话）pin（别针→装订）waste（废物→浪费）face（脸→面对）use（用途→使用）interest（兴趣→使兴趣）surprise（惊讶→使惊讶）taste（味道→品尝）smell（气味→闻）break（短暂休息→折断）present（礼物→赠送）（2）形容词→动词clean（干净→使干净，打扫）clear（清楚→清理）dirty（脏→弄脏）dry（干燥→烘干，晒干）empty（空的→倒空）free（自由→使自由，释放）slow（慢的→放慢）warm（暖和→使暖和）cool（凉的→冷却）quiet（安静→使安静）4.截短法(缩略法)截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

英语八大构词法

英语八大构词法英语八大构词法又称为八大组块法，是指英语中最常用的八种构词方式。

它们分别为：复合，介词-形容词，動名詞，副詞，省略，変化，动词，单词片断组合法。

一、复合（Compounding）：把两个或以上的词结合起来组成一个新的词。

比如：blackboard（黑板），pickpocket（扒手）。

二、介词-形容词（Prepositional-Adjective）：在英语中，介词和形容词不可分割，构成一个新的词。

比如：over-excited（过度激动），out-of-date（过时的）。

三、動名詞（Verbal Nouns）：由动词的不定式、分词或动词加上-ing形式构成。

比如：睡眠时，sleeping（睡）；写作时，writing（写）。

四、副詞（Adverbs）：由名词、形容词、动词及其派生词构成，也包括量詞、助词等。

比如：sometime（某个时候），hereafter（今后），someway（以某种方法）。

五、省略（Ellipsis）：省略某部分，但仍可以理解。

比如：ad （广告），bus（公共汽车），doc（医生）。

六、変化（Inflections）：在词尾变化，形成新的词，常用词尾有：-s, -ed, -ing等。

比如：speak（说话）－speaks（说），walk （走）－walking（走）。

七、动词（Verbs）：动词构成方式大都是复合、介词-形容词等，也可以直接改变动词的时态等变化而成新词。

比如：buy（买）－bought（买），drink（喝）－drank（喝）。

八、单词片断组合法（Word-Fragment Combination）：把构成单词的片断组合起来，构成短语或新词。

比如：break（折断）＋through（通过）＝breakthrough（突破）。

英语八大构词法是一种有效的英语学习方法，使用者能够更全面、更系统的了解和掌握单词的构成方式和意思，从而更好地提高学习英语的效率。

(完整word版)英语构词法详解及练习.doc

高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②有时意思有一定变化，如：He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件，如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位，如：Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。

④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

如：We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如：Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如：The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

七种构词法及例子

七种构词法及例子一、前缀构词法：前缀构词法是指通过在词根前面加上一个前缀来构成新的词语。

下面是七个例子：1. 重新：表示重新做某事。

例如：重新开始、重新设计。

2. 非：表示否定或相反的意思。

例如：非法、非凡。

3. 反：表示相反的意思。

例如：反对、反弹。

4. 同：表示相同或一起的意思。

例如：同学、同步。

5. 超：表示超过的意思。

例如：超市、超速。

6. 多：表示多个的意思。

例如：多功能、多余。

7. 不：表示否定的意思。

例如：不同、不幸。

二、后缀构词法：后缀构词法是指通过在词根后面加上一个后缀来构成新的词语。

下面是七个例子：1. 化：表示使变成某种状态。

例如：化妆、变化。

2. 人：表示某种身份或职业。

例如：警察、医生。

3. 性：表示某种性质或特征。

例如：性格、个性。

4. 主义：表示某种思想或信仰。

例如：社会主义、共产主义。

5. 区：表示某个地区或范围。

例如：城区、禁区。

6. 家：表示某个家庭或机构。

例如：家庭、公司。

7. 学：表示某种学科或学习的意思。

例如：数学、学习。

三、合成构词法：合成构词法是指通过将两个或多个词根结合在一起形成新的词语。

下面是七个例子：1. 电脑：由“电”和“脑”两个词根组成，表示一种用电做计算的机器。

2. 高速：由“高”和“速”两个词根组成，表示速度很快的意思。

3. 机器人：由“机器”和“人”两个词根组成，表示一种能够模仿人类行为的机器。

4. 电话：由“电”和“话”两个词根组成，表示通过电线传递声音的通信工具。

5. 自行车：由“自行”和“车”两个词根组成，表示人力驱动的两轮交通工具。

6. 火车：由“火”和“车”两个词根组成，表示以蒸汽或电力为动力的铁路交通工具。

7. 地球：由“地”和“球”两个词根组成，表示地球这个星球。

四、转化构词法：转化构词法是指通过改变词性或词类的方式构成新的词语。

下面是七个例子：1. 打：从动词转化为名词，表示击打的动作或声音。

例如：一打、拳打脚踢。

2. 红：从形容词转化为名词，表示红色。

(word完整版)构词法

词汇是学习语言的基础,理解和掌握构词法可以提高记忆单词的效率,有助于我们扩大词汇量.英语构词法主要有：合成转化法、派生法、混成法，截短法和首字母缩略法，其中前三种最重要.一、合成（Compounding）由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“一”连接，有的直接连写在一起。

合成法主要有：（1）合成名词:①n+n nclassroom， schoolyard， spaceship, newspaper， postman, housewife，等。

②adj +n nmainland, blackboard, gentleman， newcomer(新来者），best—seller（畅销书），shorthand( 速记）③v+n npickpocket（扒手），breakwater(防水堤）， runway（跑道）,rush-hour(高峰时间），rubstone（磨刀石）④—ing+n nreading-room， waiting—room, sleeping-pill(安眼药）， writing desk⑤adv / prep +n nafternoon， onlooker（旁观者)⑥n+ing nhandwriting（书法),sightseeing, horse riding， sun—bathing（日光浴）⑦n+adv npasser-by （过路人) breakthrough（重大突破）get—together, turn—off（断开），，breakdown（衰落)⑧adv+v noutbreak(爆发)， output（输出)，input, downfall（垮台)⑨n+介词短语 nfather—in-law(岳父)，son—in-law（女婿),command-in-chief(总司令）,comrade-in-arms（战友)（2)合成形容词①adj / 数词+ n+—ed adjkind—hearted, cold—blooded, write-haired, middle-aged，one—eyed （独眼的）,three—legged②adj+—ing adjgood-looking （相貌好看的），easy-going（随和的),English—speaking，③adj+n adjlow-price, high-class(高级的)，second-hand(旧的)，everyday，large—scale（大规模)④n+adj adjlifelong(终生的)，nationwide(全国性的），worldwide, world—famous，color-blind（色盲的）,airsick(晕飞机的）⑤n+ 分词 adjman-made, state—owned（国有的）, radio-equipped， sunburned(晒黑的)peace—loving（热爱和平的）fun-loving(爱开玩笑的）⑥adv+分词 adjwell-known， widespread (分布广的)，well—informed(消息灵通的）,hard—working（勤劳的) Far-reaching（深远的）long-lasting（耐用的)（3)合成动词①adv +v voverthrow(推翻),undergo(经历），uphold（高举）， overhear（无意),output（输出)，input，②n+v vsleep-walk(梦游）,daydream（做白日梦）,spoonfeed（填鸭式灌输）,sun—bathe, mess—produce(大规模生产)③adj+v vwhitewash（粉刷),blacklist（列入黑名单）,dry—salt(干腌）， deep-freeze（冷藏)(4)合成副词①adv+adv advhowever, whenever， moreover（而且）, therefore，②adj+adv adveverywhere, nowhere, somewhere， anywhere，③n+adv advheadfirst(头朝下)，daylong(整天)，nightlong（通宵）④adv+n advdownstairs， upstairs, downhill, inside, westward， upward,（5）合成代词some， any， every, no 可与 -thing –one, -body 合成代词,代词宾格(物主代词）+self(selves）: something， everything, anyone nobody， yourselves, himself，二、转化（ conversion ）由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类1．n advLet‘s go hand in hand。

构词法（整理版）

构词法（整理版）1、合成法将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词，叫做合成词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。

2. 用连字符(-)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

（1）合成形容词①名词+现在分词例：English-speaking 讲英语的，south-facing 朝南的②名词+过去分词例：man-made 人造的，water-covered 被水覆盖的③名词+形容词例：snow-white 雪白的，day-long 整天的④形容词+名词+-ed 例：warm-hearted 热情的，kind-hearted 好心肠的⑤形容词/副词+现在分词例：good-looking 好看的funny-looking 滑稽的⑥副词+过去分词例：well-known 出名的,deep-set(眼睛）深陷的⑦副词/形容词+名词例：right-hand 右手的，full-time 专职的⑧数词+名词例：100-meter 100米的，million-pound 百万英镑的⑨数词+名词+形容词例：180-foot-high 180英寸高的，10-year-old 10岁的⑩数词+名词+-ed 例：four-footed/legged 四脚的，one-eyed 独眼龙的（2）合成名词①名词+名词例：weekend 周末，classroom 教室，bookshop 书店②形容词/介词+名词例：gentleman 绅士，loudspeaker 扬声器③动词+名词例：typewriter 打字机，cookbook 烹调书④名词+动词例：daybreak 破晓，toothpick 牙签⑤动词-ing形式+名词例：reading-room 阅览室，sleeping-car 卧车车厢⑥副词+动词例：outbreak 爆发，downpour 倾盆大雨⑦名词+动名词例：handwriting 笔迹，sun-bathing 日光浴⑧名词+in/to0+名词例：mother-in-law 岳母，brother-in-law 姐夫（3）合成动词①副词+动词例：overthrow 推翻，understand 理解②形容词+动词例：broadcast 广播，whitewash 粉刷③名词+动词例：typewrite 打字，sleepwalk 梦游（4）合成副词①介词+名词例：underfoot 脚下，beforehand 事先②形容词+名词例：hotfoot 匆忙地，someday 有朝一日③形容词+副词例：anywhere 任何地方，outwards 向外、（5）合成介词：within在……之内，without没有，inside在……里边，into进入（6）合成代词：myself我自己，ourselves我们自己，anyone 任何人，nobody没有人nothing 没东西，somebody有人。

(完整版)英语基本构词法.doc

英语基本构词法英最基本的构法（ word formation）有三种：派生（ derivation）、合成（ compounding）和化（ conversion）。

利用构法，可以成串，一反三。

Ⅰ.派生法派生和根合，或者粘着根和粘着根合构成的方法，叫做派生法 (derivation)，也称作法。

用派生法构成的叫做派生（ derivative）。

派生的法是英构法中最活的一种 ,在英构的史上极其重要的作用。

另外 ,种构法也是我可以能性借以大量的一种构法。

分前和后两种。

A.前1．表示“否定”、“相反”意的前：de- decrease减少； decentralize分散； degrade降，降低⋯⋯的地位； dis-dislike 不喜； disagree不同意； distrust 不信任； disappear消失；il- illegal 不合法的； illogical 不合的； illegalize 宣布⋯⋯非法； im- impossible不可能的； immoral 不道德的； impractical 不的；un-unwilling不情愿的；unbelievable以置信的；unnecessary不必要的等等。

2．表示先后的前ex-ex-husband前夫； ex-president前；fore-foretell 言； foresight 先之明，； foresee，知；mid-midterm 其中的； midnight 午夜；post-postwar 后的； postgraduate研究生； postdoctoral 博士后的等等。

3．表示方向位置的前ex-export 出口； exclude 把⋯⋯排斥在外； external 外部的；in-input 入； indoor 室内的； inrush 涌入； incoming 来的等等。

4．表示程度的前extra- extraordinary 非凡的，惊人的； extracurricular 程以外的；out-outnumber 比⋯⋯多； outrun 超，跑得比⋯⋯快；sur-surpass超，于； surplus 剩余的； surrealism 超主等等。

初中英语构词法练习(可编辑修改word版)

构词法练习一、选择填空1.T hat man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his is heavier than Mount Tai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.T he child looked at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a .A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5.The three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.W hen the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked about at his classmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.T o everyone’s ，the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English.—You can write passage in English?A.600 words；a 600-wordsB.600-word；a 600-wordsC.600 words；a 600-wordD.600 words；a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11.You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it .A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War?telytesttertter16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in .A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.To my ，I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canada is mainly an country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a .A. foolish；foolishly；foolB. fool；foolish；foolC. foolish；fool；foolD. foolishly；foolish；fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great .A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.There were fish in the river in South America.A.in dangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.The letter “b” in the word“doubt” is.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.The child looked at me .A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.What you said sounded but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.We have to learn technology from other countries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.The children live in a village .They come here almost every day.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.near by28.Mr Black is an in the army，not an in the government.You can not easily find him in his .A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep .A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30. speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.It sounds like a good plan，but there are some difficulties in carrying it out.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.His father possesses a factory，which does most of the pollution to this river.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.It’s to persuade him to give up smoking.He’s very stubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dan caught two birds in the wood last week and they are still in the cage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive36.The doctor said that the old man’s condition was and that they had tried their best.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Ann felt so that she could hardly open her eyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.We stood there at the sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frightening；frightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；fright39.The doctor’s advice him from drinking and smoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40.I’d like to buy a house，modern，comfortable and above all in a quiet .A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursD.neighbour’s二、用括号里词适当形式填空1It’s October the (nine). It’s my mother’s birthday.2Congratulations!(恭喜) Both of you are the (win) of the match.3Computers and printers are now (wide) used in many companies.4 She was so (care) that she took my umbrella by mistake.5Look at the sun. It always shines (bright) in the sky.6Miss Smith put the new dress on, and looked at (she) in the mirror.7 I think the dictionary is (help) to your study.8 Don’t open your books. Please keep them (close)9 Children should speak to old people (polite).10 The time is too short. It’s(possible) for Daniel to finish this work.11 Paper catches fire (easy).12My sister is (happy) now because she lost her money.13You have to believe in (you) . That’s the secret of success.14I don’t like travelling by plane. I think it’s(safe) to travel by air.15 He speaks Chinese very well though he is a (Canada).16 You may be (worry) if you are in trouble and have no one to help you.17 It’s very to go hiking into the mountains. I’m about it.(excite)18 Beijing is such an city that I’m in it very much. There are many places of (interest).19 The students are listening to the teacher (care).20 He’s too old. But he (real) loves plays.21 This lake is (danger) for swimmers.22There are a lot of (travel) on the train.23The cinema has two (enter) . Which one should we go into?24 Geography is a (nature) science. Do you know?25 A (library) is a person who works in a library.26 The policeman caught the (rob) at last.27The driver was very (thank) to the policeman for his help.28Now there was enough light, so the doctor was able to see (clear).29Yunman University has a long history. It has celebrated its (eighty) birthday.30Congratulations on crossing the channel (success)!31 How can I improve my (speak) English?32It’s(sun) today. Let’s go swimming.33It rained (heavy), so he didn’t go to work yesterday.34 July is the (seven) month of the year.35Shanghai is in the (east) past of China.36Mrs. Smith smiled (happy) when she received a present from her son on Mother’s Day.37 Go (cross) the bridge. You’ll find the library on the left.38 The woman looked at the young man (angry) and didn’t say a word.39 Rosa eats (little) food than he sister.40 Most people like easy jobs and don’t like todo the (pleasant) work.41 Children need time and (free) to have fun.42I did rather (bad) in the race.43Why do you (like) travelling by air? Because it is dangerous by air.44 Lilyt felt sad because the bird was (die).45 He put his other shoe under his bed very (quiet).46 Thank you for your letter and you (value) advice.47 Goodness me! Your (pronounce) is very good.48 Could you lend me your bike? Mine is (break).49 It’s a day. Do you still want to swim? (rain , rainy)50She missed the train this morning. ( near , nearly)51The boy wants to be a when he grows up. ( write, writer).52Her little daughter can study by herself now and the mother is very .(please , pleased)53 Are you sure the dish taste ? (good , well)54 When someone knocked at the door, the old man was just falling (sleep, asleep)55 Is he the best in the diving team? (play , player)56 My uncle me to play the violin every evening. (teacher , teaches)57 Mr Smith is such an man that we all trust him. ( honest , dishonest)58 Today Linda’s parents are out, she has to stay at home . ( alone , lonely)59 What’s the weather like today? It’s. (wind , windy)60 When spring comes, the snow (appears , disappears).答案：1~5 BDACB 6~10 CBDCB11~15 ACDCB 16~20 BAAAB21~25 CBBCA 26~30 DADBA31~35 BBCCC 36~40 DAADB。

构词法标准版文档

contra-anti, against contradict, by contrast, anti-war
de-down from, away descend, dehydrate, deforestation
第七页，共11页。
•
dia- through, across diameter
hyper- above, beyond, excessive hypermarket, hypersensitive
词性 contra-anti, against contradict, by contrast, anti-war
Байду номын сангаас
e.g understand(v.理解) de-down from, away
happiness, shyness
descend, dehydrate, deforestation
• understandable(adj.可以理解的) -ous, ious, ose, adj.
-tion, ation, n. condition, translation
第六页，共11页。
• 必备(bìbèi)知识3:一些必要的前缀(prefixes)
a-,an -without, lacking, not, atypical, apolitical
ab- away from,
abnormal, abuse
hypo-under, beneath, down hypothesis
in-,im-, il-, ir- in, into, on inject, insert,inspect
in-,im-, il-, ir- in, not irregular,illegal

(完整版)构词法

Chapte FourWord - formation in Medical TerminologyMedical terms are largely formed from the building elements, namely, roots, prefixes, suffixes and existing words. Generally, we recognize five commonly used processes of word- formation in medical language. They are: 1.affixation(词缀法), position(合成法), 3.conversion(转化法), 4.shortening(缩略法),including (1) blending(紧缩词), (2) clipping(音节缩略词), and (3) acronym(字母缩略词), and 5. backformation(逆生法)。

1. Affixation (词缀法) （Derivation 派生法）----Prefixation （加前缀法）----Suffixation（加后缀法）----Combining vowols （组合元音）----Common patterns of affixation(1)Prefixation1）Definition: prefixation is a morphological process whereby a prefix is attached to the front of base (root or word).2）Grammatical role: Usually, prefixation tends to be semantically oriented, adding new meaning to a base without change in the part of speech (词性).3) Examples: Autograft (自体移植), isograft (同系移植物), allograft (homograft) (同种异体移植物),xenograft (hetrograft) (异种移植物) all have thesame root graft but denote grafts of different typesbecause of their prefixes.（2）Suffixation1）Definition：Suffixation is a morphological process whereby a suffix is attached to the end of a base (wordor root)2）Grammatical role: Suffixes are basically class-changing.Hence, suffixation tends to change the part of speechof a word.3) Examples:immune, immunity, immunize andimmunization have basic meaning, all related to“immunity”of an organism, but belong to differentword classes.（3）Combining vowols (CV)1）Definition: When two bases are combined or a suffix is attached to a base, if there is no vowel to joint thetwo forms, a vowol called the combining vowol isadded.2) Commonly used CVs : The most commonly usedcombining vowol is o, with i and a coming second.3) Examples: arthr + o + centesis = arthrocentesisMast + o + carcinoma = mastocarcinomaMamm + o + plasia = mammoplasia(4) Common patterns of affixation① Prefix + rootInject = in + ject② prefix + combining vowel + rootEctoderm = ect + o + derm③ root + suffixStasis = sta + sis④ root + combining vowel + suffixSclerosis = scler + o + sis⑤ prefix + root + suffixPerirenal = peri + ren + al⑥ prefix + root + combining vowel + suffixSynarthrosis = syn + arthr + 0 + sis⑦ prefix + prefix + root + combining vowel +suffixContraindication = contra + in + dic + a + Tion⑧root + root + suffixsialadenitis = sial + aden + itis⑨root + combining vowel + root + suffixhemophilia = hem + o + phil + ia ⑩prefix + root + root + suffixhyperglycemia = hyper + glyc + (h)em + ia2. Composition (合成法)（1）Definition：Composition is a word-forming process by joining two or more words.(2) Types of compounds1) Open compound:An open compound is made up oftwo or more words written separately.For example, woman doctor, man nurse, brain death,birth control, gray matter.2) Hyphenated compound:An hyphenated compoundcontains two or more words connected by a hyphen.For example, high-resolution, host-specific, deaf-mute, air-borne, bottle-feed, graft-versus-host3) Solid compound: A solid compound consists of twowords written as one word such as windpipe, sleepwalk, overweight, and nosebleed.4) Neoclassical compound: A neoclassical compound referto those coined from elements of the classical languages ( Latin and Greek ).Most roots and compound suffixes have been very active and productive in this word-forming process. Such words as biocide, lysosome, bio-science, psychanalysis, biophysics and chemotherapy are all neoclassical compounds.3. Conversion (转化法)（1）Definition: A word-forming process wherebya word is adapted or converted to a new class without anychange of form.(2) Examples:Stent ( n.-----v. ) plaster (n.-----v. )Mask ( n.-----v. ) faint (adj.-----v. )Smell ( v.-----n. ) skin (n.-----v. )4. Shortening (缩略法)-----Blending (紧缩法)-----clipping (音节缩略法)-----Acronyms (字母缩略词)（2）Blending (紧缩法)-----blend（紧缩词）1）Definition：A blend is formed by blending two or more words.2）Types and examples: three major patterns as follows,Part + part genome(gen e +chromos ome)Whole + part breathalyzer (breath + an alyzer)Part + whole medicaid ( medic al + aid )Medicare ( medic al + care )Medichair ( medic al + chair )Paramedic ( para chute + medic ) （3）clipping (音节缩略法)1）Definition：clipping refers to the process whereby a word is shortened by clipping off part of the wordwithout change in its meaning and word class.2）Examples:Exam---------------exam inationFlu------------------in flu enzaSpec----------------spec taclesPolio----------------polio myelitisPsych---------------psych ologyQuack-------------quack salver(3) Acronyms (字母缩略词)1）Definition:an acronym is a word coined from theinitial letters of a group words.2) Patterns and examples:------Acronyms from modern EnglishCT-------------(computerized tomography)RBC----------( red blood cell )BMR---------( basal metabolic rate )But TB-------------tuberculosisOD------------overdoseIV--------------intravenous------Acronyms from Latin or Greeka.c.( ante cibum = before meal )p.c. ( post cibum = after meal )b.i.d.( bis in die = twice a day )t.i.d( ter in die = three times a day)q.i.d ( quarter in die = four times a day)b.i.n ( bis in nocte = twice a night)O.D. ( oculus dexter = right eye)O.S.( oculus sinister = left eye )p.r.n( pro re nata = as needed )q.h( quaque hora = every hour )q.m ( quaque mane = every morning )q.n ( quaque nocte = every night )5. Backformation (逆生法)（1）Definition: It is a usaul process to form nouns from exsisting verbs by adding suffixes such –or, -er, - ar.For instance, teacher is made from teach and suffix –er. Backformation refers to the reversed process, That is, verbs are made from existing nouns by deleting seeming or imagined affix.（2）Examples:Chain-smoke←------ chain-smokerAutomate ←--------- automationDiagnose ←--------- diagnosis Ovulate ←---------- ovulation Palpitate ←-------- palpitation Contracept ←------- contraception Transcript ←------- transcription。

八、构词法

一些次要构词法（一）截短法(Clipping/Shortening)1截头telephone→phone; aeroplane→plane;2去尾exam; lab; ad; dorm; pop; photo; kilo; gym3即截头又去尾refrigerator→fridge; influenza→flu4几个词→一个词nylon-stockings→nylons;popular song singer→pop-singerthree-dimensional film→Three-D（二）拼缀法(Blending)一个词的一部分（或全部）+另一个词的一部分（或全部）1首+尾motor + hotel→motel; boat + hotel →botelsmoke + fog→smog;breakfast + lunch→brunchOxford + Cambridge→Oxbridge2首+首i nternational + police→interpolformula + translation→FORTRAN/FortranPsychological + Warfare→Psywarmotor + pedal→mopedAmerican + Indian→Amerind Science + fiction →Sci-fi3全+尾air + hotel→airtel;car + barbecue→carbecueauto + utopia→autopia;lunar + astronaut→lunarnautslim + gymnastics→slimnasticswork + welfare→workfarejazz + discotheque→jazzotheque Nixon + economics→Nixonomics travel + catalogue→travelogue4首+全medical + aid→medicaid medical + care→medicaremedical + chair→medichair helicopter + pad→helipad television + viewer→televiewer television + diagnosis→telediagnosis psychological + warrior→psywarrior helicopter + car→helicar（三）缩写词/缩略词(Abbreviation)a shortened form of a word, often one used in writing 特征：有缩写标志/符号Eg. Mr. Mrs. Ms. Dr. prof. Apt. Rd. St. Ave. No.a.m.p.m.AD/A.D.BC/B.C.kg.km.dl.m.dm.cm. /T.V.FL.PA. S. N. E. W.。

英语构词法(常用的词根词缀总结)(K12教育文档)

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英语词汇构词法及相应的词根词缀构词法是组成单词的一种方法,它有其清晰严谨的结构形式，本身有规律可循。

利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串、举一反三。

构词法已在历届高考试题中大量应用.掌握和运用构词法，对高考取得好成绩有一定的保证。

英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生（Derivation），合成（Compounding)和转化(Conversion)。

1. 派生法（也称词缀法）派生法(也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法。

添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。

添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性,有时也改变其词义。

如:以形容词happy(幸福的)为词根，加前缀un-就是其反义词unhappy（不幸的）;加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式happily(幸福地)；加后缀ness,就是其名词形式happiness (幸福）。

同样还可以得到unhappily和unhappiness。

再如：动词care（关心)，加后缀-ful,就是其形容词形式careful（细心的），接着再加上后缀—ly，就是其副词形式carefully(仔细地);如果在care后加-ness,就是其名词形式careness（小心);在它的后边再加上-less，就是careful的反义词careless （粗心的)，如果在careless后加后缀-ly，就是其副词形式carelessly(粗心地），在careless后加后缀-ness，就是careless的名词形式carelessness(粗心）。